CN107593135B - Method for improving grafting survival rate of phyllanthus emblica - Google Patents
Method for improving grafting survival rate of phyllanthus emblica Download PDFInfo
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- CN107593135B CN107593135B CN201711048075.7A CN201711048075A CN107593135B CN 107593135 B CN107593135 B CN 107593135B CN 201711048075 A CN201711048075 A CN 201711048075A CN 107593135 B CN107593135 B CN 107593135B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving grafting survival rate of phyllanthus emblica, belonging to the technical field of economic forest cultivation, comprising 4 steps of stock selection, scion collection and requirement, grafting and grafted plant management and protection, wherein test results show that: compared with other phyllanthus emblica grafting methods, the method has the advantages that the grafting survival rate of the nursery is averagely improved by 6.4%, the average survival rate of the improved high-grafting transformation of the adult varieties of the phyllanthus emblica is improved by 33.45%, the grafting survival rate of the phyllanthus emblica nursery is improved, the problem of low survival rate caused by the high-grafting transformation of the improved varieties of the adult phyllanthus emblica is solved, and the method has wide application prospects in the cultivation of the phyllanthus emblica seedlings, the improvement of the improved varieties and the efficiency improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of economic forest cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the grafting survival rate of phyllanthus emblica.
Background
The phyllanthus emblica has strong adaptability to the ecological environment of tropical and subtropical dry and hot valley areas, particularly has obvious water retention and soil fixation effects, and is one of pioneer tree species for afforestation of barren mountains in the areas. The research work of the improved variety breeding and the matched cultivation technology of the phyllanthus emblica is carried out in the area with difficult ecological restoration of the dry and hot valley of Yunnan in 2001. More than 10 excellent clone series of Yunnan olive in Gaoligong mountain has been successfully bred so far, and the Yunnan olive early fruiting and high yielding cultivation technical system including the technical methods of ' a Yunnan olive container grafting seedling cultivation method ', ' a technology for quickly constructing Yunnan olive early fruiting and high yielding gardens in dry and hot valley areas in summer, rain, spring and drought, ' a method for planting drought-resistant forestation by shallow filling soil in wide deep groove of Yunnan olive in dry and hot valley difficult to establish ' and the like is innovatively integrated, so that the problem of difficult site forestation in dry and hot valleys is basically solved, and the method technically supports 21.6 ten thousand mu of Yunnan olive forestation in dry and hot valley areas such as the Nuanjiang, Jinsha river, Lankangjiang river, Yuanjiang and the like.
At present, the grafting of the phyllanthus emblica is carried out more than in the leaf falling period or the vigorous growth period. Because the phyllanthus emblica has obvious bleeding injury in the dormant period, particularly, the bleeding injury is more obvious in the grafting of adult trees with good water and fertilizer conditions, the grafting survival rate of the phyllanthus emblica in the leaf falling period is not high (the grafting survival rate of a nursery is less than 90%, and the grafting survival rate of improved varieties of the adult trees is less than 40%). Grafting is carried out in the vigorous growth period in summer and autumn (5-12 months), the grafting survival rate is improved to a certain extent, but grafting in summer and autumn has a series of problems that the fallen phyllanthus emblica branches are vigorous in development or mature and do not fall off, manual trimming and falling branches take labor and time, the fallen branches are easy to damage scion buds, scion bud picking in the growth period stimulates abnormal sprouting of scion mother trees, sprouting in the current year after scion buds survive is not beneficial to normal dormancy and the like; meanwhile, grafting in summer and autumn to a nursery garden has the problems that the high growth of the stock of the seedling stops but the thickening growth does not stop, the thickness specification of the stock is insufficient, the grafting rate of the stock is not high, the growth of the plant after grafting survival is poor, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for improving the grafting survival rate of phyllanthus emblica in view of the defects of the phyllanthus emblica grafting method. Overcomes the defects of low grafting survival rate in the leaf falling period and high grafting survival rate in the vigorous growth period in summer and autumn and poor growth in the prior production, reduces the seedling raising cost, improves the improved variety transformation effect and promotes the sustainable and healthy development of the phyllanthus emblica industry.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the grafting survival rate of phyllanthus emblica comprises the following steps:
step (1), stock selection: selecting a seeding seedling or a perennial plant of more than half age of the phyllanthus emblica as a stock, wherein the diameter of a grafting part of the stock is 0.5-10cm, and the stock has no disease, insect pest, aging and withering symptoms;
step (2), scion collection: collecting annual lignified branches from the periphery of the middle and upper parts of a mother tree of the improved variety of the phyllanthus emblica as scions; collecting when the bud of the scion extraction falling branch is germinated but the bud of the extraction permanent branch is not germinated, and erasing the bud as soon as possible after collection, wherein the scion is collected and then grafted;
step (3), grafting: each scion is 3-5cm long, 1-2 effective buds are arranged above a scion cutting opening, and the grafting opening and the scion are bound and sealed by a plastic film strip from bottom to top after grafting;
step (4), grafting plant management and protection: removing stock sprouts in time after grafting; unbinding the scion when the length of the grafted survival scion is 15-20 cm;
further, the scion collecting time and the grafting time are from 2 months to 3 last ten days.
Further, the collecting time of the scion in the step (2) is that the bud of the abscission branch without reproductive capacity which is extracted from the scion is already germinated, and the bud of the permanent branch with reproductive capacity which is extracted is not germinated.
Further, the grafting in the step (3) adopts a grafting method of cutting grafting, abdominal grafting or bark grafting.
Further, when the perennial large plants in the step (1) are used as rootstocks for grafting, the branch rods are timely bound with the young shoots which are extracted from the scions so as to prevent wind fracture.
The scion is collected when the cast-off branches germinate but the permanent branches do not germinate, and the germinated tender cast-off branches are removed as soon as possible after the scion is collected and are grafted in time. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the phyllanthus emblica normally germinates firstly to extract fallen branches and germinate permanent growing branches after the fallen branches are extracted for 15 days, delays the grafting time, avoids the bleeding and improves the grafting survival rate, which is the core characteristic of the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the grafting survival rate is high, and the production efficiency of the phyllanthus emblica is effectively improved.
(1) The grafting survival rate of the nursery can be averagely improved by 6.4 percent.
2014-2016, 1000 plants are continuously tested in 3 years in the Hongyang region of Yunnan province, namely the Liwuzhen Maqiao river nursery garden (the altitude of 1450 m and the annual average temperature of 16.7 ℃) and the Lujiang Zhen Zizhu Yiyun village river side field nursery garden (the altitude of 680m and the annual average temperature of 22.3 ℃) in the Longyang region. The test result shows that: the average grafting survival rate of the bridgeriver nursery is 96.5 percent in 3 years, the average grafting survival rate of the traditional method is 88.9 percent in 3 years, and the average grafting survival rate of the bridgeriver nursery is improved by 7.6 percent in 3 years; the average grafting survival rate of the riverside field nursery is 97.2 percent in 3 years, the average grafting survival rate of the traditional method is 92.0 percent in 3 years, and the average grafting survival rate of the traditional method is improved by 5.2 percent in 3 years.
(2) The average survival rate of the improved variety of the adult trees is improved by 33.45 percent through top grafting transformation.
In 2015 and 2017, 400 plants are respectively arranged in the south slope (the altitude is 1420 m and the annual average temperature is 16.4 ℃) of the water reservoir of the bunge and red rock in the Longyang region of Yunnan province and the slope (the altitude is 895m and the annual average temperature is 21.0 ℃) of the Lujiang and Zhengmeng willow village iron factory in the Longyang region by adopting the method disclosed by the invention and a traditional grafting method for comparison grafting tests. The test result shows that: the average grafting survival rate of 3 years of the method of the invention on the south slope of the red rock reservoir is 92.3 percent, the average grafting survival rate of 3 years of the traditional method is 37.5 percent, and the average grafting survival rate of 3 years is improved by 54.8 percent; the average grafting survival rate of the Meng willow village iron plant slope in 3 years is 84.4%, the average grafting survival rate of the traditional method in 3 years is 96.5%, and the average grafting survival rate in 3 years is improved by 12.1%.
The method improves the grafting survival rate of the phyllanthus emblica nursery garden, solves the problem of low survival rate of the phyllanthus emblica adult tree after high grafting and modification of the improved variety, and has wide application prospect in the cultivation of the phyllanthus emblica nursery stock and the production of improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of the improved variety modification.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Step (1), stock selection: selecting over half age fructus Phyllanthi seeding and perennial plant as stock, requiring that the diameter of stock grafting part is 0.5-10cm, and no disease, pest, aging and withering symptoms;
when a larger stock is transformed and grafted, a branch rod is used for binding a new shoot of the scion in time so as to prevent wind break;
step (2), scion collection and requirement: collecting annual lignified branches from the periphery of the middle part and the upper part of a good-seed fruiting mother tree as scions; the scion collecting time is matched with the grafting time, and is generally 2 months to 3 ten days; collecting when the scion fallen branches germinate but the permanent branches do not germinate, and erasing the sprouts as soon as possible after collection, namely the germinated young fallen branches; the scions should be picked and grafted at any time;
step (3), grafting: the grafting time is related to the phenological period of the fine variety or the excellent clone, and is generally carried out after the scion of the fine variety or the excellent clone sprouts in the last ten days of 2 months to 3 months; adopting scion grafting methods such as cutting grafting, abdominal grafting, bark grafting and the like, wherein each scion is 3-5cm long, 1-2 effective buds are arranged above a scion cutting opening, and a plastic film strip is used for binding and sealing the grafting opening and the scion from bottom to top after grafting;
step (4), grafting plant management and protection: removing stock sprouts in time after grafting; and unbinding the scion when the length of the grafted survival scion is 15-20 cm.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the grafting survival rate of phyllanthus emblica is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), stock selection: selecting a seeding seedling or a perennial plant of more than half age of the phyllanthus emblica as a stock, wherein the diameter of a grafting part of the stock is 0.5-10cm, and the stock has no disease, insect pest, aging and withering symptoms;
step (2), scion collection: collecting annual lignified branches from the periphery of the middle and upper parts of a mother tree of the improved variety of the phyllanthus emblica as scions; collecting when the scion seedling-pulling falling branches germinate but the buds of the seedling-pulling permanent branches do not germinate, erasing the germinated young seedling-pulling falling branches as soon as possible after collection, and collecting and grafting the scions at any time; the collecting time of the scion is that the bud of the abscission branch without reproductive capacity is germinated on the scion, and the bud of the permanent branch without reproductive capacity is collected when the bud is not germinated;
step (3), grafting: each scion is 3-5cm long, 1-2 effective buds are arranged above a scion cutting opening, and the grafting opening and the scion are bound and sealed by a plastic film strip from bottom to top after grafting;
step (4), grafting plant management and protection: removing stock sprouts in time after grafting; and unbinding the scion when the length of the grafted survival scion is 15-20 cm.
2. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of fructus phyllanthi according to claim 1, wherein the scion collection time and grafting time are from 2 to 3 ten days.
3. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of fructus phyllanthi according to claim 1, characterized in that the grafting in the step (3) adopts a cutting grafting, a belly grafting or a bark grafting.
4. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of fructus phyllanthi according to claim 1, characterized in that the perennial larger plants in step (1) are used as rootstocks to graft and timely support the young shoots of the scion and the young shoots are tied up.
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| CN110326438A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-15 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | A method of improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate |
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| EP1861078A2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2007-12-05 | Kalamazoo Holdings, Inc. | A capsicum variety exhibiting a hyper-accumulation of zeaxanthin and products derived therefrom |
| CN104663236A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-03 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Cultivation method for container grafted seedlings of fructus phyllanthi |
| CN105075781A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-25 | 宁南县南丝路集团公司 | Cultivating method for mulberries |
| CN105850438A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-17 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Olive planting method |
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- 2017-10-31 CN CN201711048075.7A patent/CN107593135B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1861078A2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2007-12-05 | Kalamazoo Holdings, Inc. | A capsicum variety exhibiting a hyper-accumulation of zeaxanthin and products derived therefrom |
| CN104663236A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-03 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Cultivation method for container grafted seedlings of fructus phyllanthi |
| CN105075781A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-25 | 宁南县南丝路集团公司 | Cultivating method for mulberries |
| CN105850438A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-17 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Olive planting method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 余甘子丰产栽培技术;郑俊峰等;《中国果业信息》;20050430(第4期);第59页 * |
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Address after: 678000 Longyang District of Baoshan city Yunnan Province Pacific Road No. 10 Applicant after: Baoshan forestry and grassland Technology Promotion Station Address before: 678000 Longyang District of Baoshan city Yunnan Province Pacific Road No. 10 Applicant before: FORESTRY TECHNIQUE PROMOTION STATION OF BAOSHAN CITY |
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