CN104660247A - Two-way interface circuit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a two-way interface circuit. The two-way interface circuit comprises an input interface, an input enable interface, an input receiver, an output interface, an output driver and an output overcurrent protector. The two-way interface circuit is capable of achieving two-way signal transmission by use of a single signal wire; the two-way interface circuit has an overcurrent protection function, and is capable of automatically detecting the current in the circuit and automatically opening the circuit for protection once the overcurrent phenomenon is found. After the fault is eliminated, the interface circuit automatically returns to work normally. In addition, the two-way interface circuit is capable of expanding the IO level range of an internal microprocessor of an industrial camera, so that the input/output level range can be 30V. The signal transmission time delay of the interface circuit is less than 5us, and is far less than the time delay within the range of 30 to 50us of an interface circuit formed by a photoelectric coupler. When the interface circuit is applied to the industrial camera, the control accuracy on relevant parts such as the camera and a flashlight can be remarkably improved, and therefore, the image pick-up and the gating of an external flashlight can be synchronized in a relatively good way.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machine vision, be specifically related to a kind of bidirectional interface circuit of the industrial camera for Machine Vision Detection.
Background technology
Vision Builder for Automated Inspection has been widely used on production line, and industrial camera, as " eyes " in Vision Builder for Automated Inspection, can be used for taking testee, thus can carry out the detection of each side to testee.By the I/O interface of industrial camera, the shooting of industrial camera can be controlled, control the gating of external light source and communicate with miscellaneous equipment.
In order to meet protection to the microprocessor of industrial camera, the existing I/O interface circuit for industrial camera is made up of photoelectrical coupler usually, and photoelectrical coupler can realize the isolation that input signal and microprocessor input.But the delay time of photoelectrical coupler is usually in tens microseconds, and be similarly to the industrial camera of tens microseconds the time for exposure, delay time is long, this can cause the gating of the shooting of image and Supported Speedlights asynchronous.
Interface circuit based on photoelectrical coupler also can comprise multichannel I/O signal, but every road signal often can only carry out one-way transmission, wants to carry out transmitted in both directions and circuit then can be made too complicated.When needing the external equipment of communication a lot, there will be the input signal phenomenon that output signal is had more than needed not; Otherwise, also likely.This just causes I/O interface and can not make full use of, for user brings inconvenience.In addition, the trend toward miniaturization of industrial camera is more and more obvious in recent years, cause its internal structure and circuit design more and more compacter.The unidirectional I/O signal of multichannel has not met the trend of Miniaturization Design.
Application number be CN201320883908 patent describes a kind of bidirectional interface circuit.The structure of this bidirectional interface circuit as shown in Figure 1.As shown in the figure, when the first controller output signal, during second controller Received signal strength: switch transistor T 2 turns off all the time, first controller exports high level to the grid of overcurrent protective switch pipe T1, T1 conducting, Current Limiting Diodes D1 conducting, the sending and receiving end of second controller receives the low level signal sent from the first controller; First controller output low level is to the grid of overcurrent protective switch pipe T1, and T1 turns off, and Current Limiting Diodes D1 ends, and the sending and receiving end of second controller receives the high level signal sent from the first controller.When second controller output signal, during the first controller Received signal strength: overcurrent protective switch pipe T1 turns off all the time, second controller exports high level to the base stage of switch transistor T 2 or grid, T2 conducting, Current Limiting Diodes D1 ends, and the sending and receiving end of the first controller receives the low imput sent from second controller by current-limiting resistance R1; Second controller output low level is to the base stage of switch transistor T 2 or grid, T2 turns off, Current Limiting Diodes D1 conducting, first supply voltage V1 provides efficient level pull-up by the sending and receiving end that voltage regulator resistor R2 and Current Limiting Diodes D1 is the first controller, and the sending and receiving end of the first controller can detect the high level input signal sent from second controller.
But application number is that the bidirectional interface circuit scheme of the patent Introduction of CN201320883908 exists following problem:
1, adopt metal-oxide-semiconductor as over-current protection device, the electric current in circuit can not be cut off.If wire harness is shorted to other power supplys, and overcurrent protective switch pipe T1 opens simultaneously, as long as the fault producing overcurrent is not eliminated, just having very big current flows through T1 always, and T1 or exterior strands likely can burn out because of persistent fever.Can find out according to Fig. 1, metal-oxide-semiconductor open and shutoff is controlled by the first controller, therefore metal-oxide-semiconductor can not be protected automatically according to the electric current flow through in circuit.
2, overcurrent protective switch pipe is mounted in the first controller end and is subject to the control of the first controller; the directions of signal flow of interface circuit is by the first controller and second controller cooperation control; if two controllers are not worked good, can cause signal cannot normal transmission.
3, the high value that the first controller and second controller receive is the magnitude of voltage of the first supply voltage V1.The maximum voltage value that the magnitude of voltage of the first supply voltage V1 can not can bear more than the IO pin of the first controller and second controller.The maximum voltage value that the IO pin of usual controller can bear can not more than 5V, and industry spot can use 24V DC power supply usually, and therefore common interface circuit can not widely use in industry spot.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention is desirable to provide a kind of high-speed interface circuit that can be realized data double-way transmission by single holding wire, and it can either realize two-way signaling transmission, and two lateral circuits can be protected again injury-free.So not only according to the practical application of user, flexible configuration can be carried out to I/O signal transmission direction, improve utilance and the IO traffic rate of IO port signal line, also can reduce the area of circuit board, be conducive to the miniaturization realizing industrial camera.
Specifically, the invention provides a kind of bidirectional interface circuit, it is characterized in that, described bidirectional interface circuit comprises: input interface, input enable interface, input sink, output interface, output driver, output overcurrent protector,
Have one way conducting device in described input sink, the first end of described one way conducting device connects described input interface and the enable interface of described input respectively, the second end connection signal transmission line of described one way conducting device; The enable interface of described input is for controlling described one way conducting device; Described output interface is for receiving the signal externally sent; The signal that described output driver is used for receiving in response to described output interface also produces corresponding output signal; the first end of described output driver is connected with described output interface, and the second end is connected to described signal transmssion line through described output overcurrent protector.
Further, when described bidirectional interface circuit is in input state, the enable interface of described input exports the first level signal to the anode of described one way conducting device, when described interface circuit is in output state, the enable interface of described input exports the second level signal to the anode of described one way conducting device.
Further, described interface circuit is for connecting industrial camera and described signal transmssion line, described industrial camera has microprocessor, described input interface, input enable interface and be connected with the microprocessor of described industrial camera respectively with output interface, and, when described interface circuit is in input state, described microprocessor to the enable interface input high level of described input, to described output interface output low level; When described interface circuit is in output state, described microprocessor, to the enable interface input low level of described input, exports the signal needing to send to described output interface.
Further, described input sink comprises: the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2 and diode D1, first pin of described first resistance R1, first pin of described second resistance R2 and the anode of described diode D1 link together, second pin of described second resistance R2 is connected with described input interface, second pin of described first resistance R1 is connected with the enable interface of input, and the negative electrode of described diode D1 is connected to described signal transmssion line.
Further, described diode D1 is Schottky diode.
Further, described output driver comprises: the 3rd resistance R3, the 4th resistance R4 and triode Q1, and the base stage of first pin of described 3rd resistance R3, first pin of the 4th resistance R4 and described triode Q1 links together; Second pin of described 3rd resistance R3 is connected with described output interface, and second pin of described 4th resistance R4, the emitter of described triode Q1 and grounding pin link together; The collector electrode of described triode Q1 is connected with described signal transmssion line through described output overcurrent protector.
Further, described triode Q1 is NPN triode or NMOS tube.
Further, described output overcurrent protector comprises the 5th resistance R5.
Further, at the opposite side of described signal transmssion line, be connected with pull-up power supply and pull-up resistor R6.
Preferably, described 5th resistance R5 is thermistor, and more preferably, described 5th resistance is semistor.
In the preferred implementation of one, the input interface of this interface circuit, input enable interface, output interface is respectively used to be connected with target device (such as, the microprocessor of industrial camera).Input interface, for from external reception level signal to target device.Input enable interface and output interface to be respectively used to receive the signal of telecommunication, with the operating state of control interface from microprocessor.
Output driver mentioned in this article is used for producing corresponding output signal in response to the signal of output interface.Output driver directly can utilize the level signal of output interface, also based on the instruction of output interface, can produce corresponding level signal.Output overcurrent protector is for limiting the size of output current, and when output current is excessive, output overcurrent protector correspondingly can reduce output current.
In another kind of implementation, inputting enable interface is not be connected with the microprocessor of target device, but is connected to a constant voltage source.Adopt this connected mode can save microprocessor IO pin.
Technique effect
1) interface circuit of the present invention can carry out two-way signaling transmission by single holding wire;
2) interface circuit of the present invention has overcurrent protection function; can electric current in automatic detection circuit; when finding over-current phenomenon avoidance, automatic shutdown circuit (or being limited under predetermined value by current value) is protected, and prevents that the input or output current is excessive burns out interface circuit.After Failure elimination, interface circuit recovers normal work automatically.
3) interface circuit of the present invention extends the IO level range of industrial camera internal microprocessor, prevents the too high microcontroller that causes of external voltage to be burned.The IO level range of microprocessor is no more than 5V usually, and the input of interface circuit of the present invention, output level scope can reach 30V.
4) directions of signal flow of interface circuit only controls by industrial camera internal microprocessor, does not control, simplify communication process by other microprocessors or controller.
5) time delay of interface circuit Signal transmissions is less than 5us, and in prior art, in order to protection and the isolation interface circuit of employing containing photoelectrical coupler usually of mouthful circuit that achieves a butt joint, the usual time delay of the interface circuit be made up of photoelectrical coupler is 30 ~ 50us.
When interface circuit of the present invention is applied to industrial camera, significantly can improve the control precision to the associated components such as camera, photoflash lamp, make the shooting of image and the gating of Supported Speedlights reach better synchronous effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram of a kind of bidirectional interface circuit of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of bidirectional interface circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 be embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 in the circuit diagram of mongline bidirectional interface circuit;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the microcontroller of industrial camera is connected with the interface of another equipment when externally holding wire sends data by interface circuit;
Fig. 5 is mongline bidirectional interface circuit theory diagram in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Fig. 2 and 3 respectively illustrates theory diagram and the circuit structure diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention.As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, bidirectional interface circuit is made up of the input sink with current-limiting function, output driver, overcurrent protector, INPUT pin, INPUT_EN pin, OUTPUT pin, Line+ pin, GND pin.
As shown in Figure 3, the input sink of current-limiting function is with to be made up of resistance R1, resistance R2, Schottky diode D1; Output driver is made up of resistance R3, resistance R4, NPN triode (or NMOS tube) Q1; Overcurrent protector is made up of thermistor R5.
In the present embodiment, this bidirectional interface circuit such as, for connecting microprocessor and the external equipment of industrial camera, the controller of photoflash lamp.
As shown in Figure 3, between the IO pin that this bidirectional interface circuit is positioned at the microprocessor (or controller) of industrial camera and external signal line, for realizing the transmitted in both directions of data on single holding wire.INPUT pin is connected with the IO input pin of microprocessor (or controller), for the signal from holding wire being inputed to the IO pin of microprocessor.INPUT_EN pin is connected with the IO output pin of microprocessor (or controller), and it is as the enable interface of input.The level of INPUT_EN pin can determine that input sink is in running order or closed condition.OUTPUT pin is connected with the IO output pin of microprocessor (or controller), for receiving corresponding level signal from microprocessor.Line+ pin is connected with external signal line.Grounding pin GND is connected with the GND of microprocessor (or controller).
As shown in Figure 3, the anode of first pin of resistance R1, first pin of resistance R2 and Schottky diode D1 links together.Second pin of resistance R2 is connected with INPUT pin; Second pin of resistance R1 is connected with INPUT_EN pin.The negative electrode of Schottky diode D1, first pin of semistor R5 and Line+ pin link together.Second pin of thermistor R5 is connected with the collector electrode of triode Q1; The base stage of first pin of resistance R3, first pin of resistance R4 and triode Q1 links together.Second pin of resistance R3 is connected with OUTPUT pin; Second pin of resistance R4, the emitter of triode Q1 and GND pin link together.Q1 can be NPN triode, also can be NMOS tube.The grid of NMOS tube, source electrode, drain electrode distinguish base stage, emitter, the collector electrode of corresponding NPN triode.
The course of work of the bidirectional interface circuit the present embodiment is introduced below respectively from input and output two aspects.
1) microcontroller receives the course of work of data from external signal line by interface circuit
When microcontroller receives data by interface circuit from external signal line, need the input sink of interface circuit to be set to operating state, output driver is set to closed condition.Input sink, to the INPUT_EN pin output high level of interface circuit, can be set to operating state by the IO output pin of microcontroller; Output driver, to the OUTPUT pin output low level of interface circuit, can be closed by the IO output pin of microcontroller; When output driver is closed, do not have electric current to flow through in outlet line, therefore overcurrent protector is also in closed condition.
After this interface circuit enters into accepting state, INPUT pin just can be transferred to the voltage of Line+ pin according to external equipment by holding wire and produce corresponding input signal to microprocessor.
Specifically, the voltage being transferred to Line+ pin when external equipment by holding wire is high level V
iHtime, Schottky diode D1 can end, and the voltage being so now transferred to INPUT pin is the voltage of INPUT_EN pin.It should be noted that, here mentioned high level is comparatively speaking, because when interface circuit is in accepting state, INPUT_EN can export high level to the anode of D1, so, as long as the level differences of the level and INPUT_EN that are input to Line+ pin is not enough to make D1 conducting, high level can be thought.
In addition, even if D1 by, but due to the voltage of INPUT_EN pin be high level, the IO input pin of INPUT pin and microprocessor is still thought and is received high level.Be equivalent to INPUT pin and have received a high level signal through D1 isolation, the signal that this high level signal does not receive because of Line+ place and changing, therefore, even if the too high level of outside input one also can not bring any damage to microprocessor.
When the voltage being transferred to Line+ pin is low level V
iLtime, Schottky diode D1 conducting and forward conduction voltage drop is V
fD1, so INPUT pin voltage is V
iL+ V
fD1.The forward conduction voltage drop V of usual Schottky diode
fD1<0.2V, as long as V
iL+ V
fD1be no more than the maximum V of microprocessor IO input pin low level threshold voltage
iLmax, just can think and have received low level.
The current-limiting function of input sink is realized by current-limiting resistance R1 and Schottky diode D1.When the voltage being transferred to Line+ pin from holding wire is low level, electric current flows out from INPUT_EN pin, through R1, D1, Line+ pin and outer signal line, finally flow into the ground of load end.Regulate the resistance of R1, the current value that interface circuit exports can be limited, therefore can not damage external loading.When being transferred to Line+ pin voltage and being high level, Schottky diode D1 ends, and the electric current flowing into interface circuit is the reverse leakage current of Schottky diode D1, and usual electric current is microampere order, therefore can not interface circuit damage.
The wide-voltage range of input sink is realized by Schottky diode D1.Under normal circumstances, the high level that the IO input pin of microcontroller receives can not exceed its power supply VCCIO, otherwise the IO pin of microcontroller can be burnt out, but after adding Schottky diode D1, can address this problem well.When being transferred to the voltage VIN>INPUT_EN-V of Line+ pin from holding wire or OUTPUT pin
fD1time, Schottky diode D1 is in cut-off state, and the voltage being transferred to INPUT pin is always the voltage of INPUT_EN pin, even if there is high level at Line+ place, also can not burn out microcontroller.As long as so maximum reverse direct voltage V that the voltage VIN < Schottky diode being transferred to Line+ pin can bear
rDC, interface circuit and microcontroller would not be burnt out, and can ensure that the IO input pin of microcontroller receives high level.Like this, the high level scope of the IO input pin of microcontroller has brought up to V by VCCIO
rDC, usual VCCIO is no more than 5V, and V
rDCcan reach 30V, namely the high level scope of the IO input pin of microcontroller has been extended to 30V by 5V, can communicate by compatible more equipment.
If Line+ end is connected with the input pin of other equipment by external signal line accidentally, the two ends being so equivalent to external signal line are all input circuit, and now do not have electric current in circuit and flow through, can not there be damage at the two ends of external signal line.
2) microcontroller by bidirectional interface circuit of the present invention externally holding wire send the course of work of data
Microcontroller by interface circuit externally holding wire send data time, as long as the input sink of interface circuit is set to closed condition, output driver gets final product work.Therefore, only need the INPUT_EN pin output low level of the IO output pin of microcontroller to interface circuit.
Because output driver is that open collector exports, when therefore externally holding wire sends data, at the external pull-up resistor of receiving terminal, as shown in Figure 3, resistance R6 is pull-up resistor, and EXVCC is pull-up power supply, and pull-up power supply can be selected according to the level standard of receiving terminal.
When outwards sending signal, microprocessor is needed to carry out an anti-phase process to the signal that will send.When microcontroller OUTPUT pin from IO output pin to interface circuit send high level time, NPN triode Q1 conducting, Line+ externally holding wire send low level, low level value V
oLthe tube voltage drop U of=Q1
cEthe pressure drop V of+thermistor R5
r5; When microcontroller OUTPUT pin from IO output pin to interface circuit send low level time, NPN triode Q1 end, Line+ externally holding wire transmission high level, high level V
oHthe magnitude of voltage of=external power supply EXVCC.
In addition, also between D1 and Q1, thermistor R5 is added in the present embodiment.The characteristic utilizing thermistor resistance and temperature to be directly proportional, achieves the function of output driver being carried out to overcurrent protection.The electric current of output driver can produce heat through thermistor R5, and when heat is greater than a certain degree, the resistance of thermistor R5 can increase sharply.When resistance R6 is short-circuited, EXVCC power supply directly receives Line+ pin.Now, if Q1 conducting, the immediate current so flowing through thermistor R5 is very large, and thermistor R5 can generate heat rapidly, and its resistance becomes large decades of times instantaneously, therefore can reduce rapidly the current value flowing into NPN triode Q1, prevent Q1 to be burned.Use thermistor very simple as overcurrent protector, control without the need to any controller.When the electric current in output driver is greater than the tripping current of thermistor, the resistance of thermistor will become rapidly large, thus reduces the electric current flowing through driver.When Failure elimination, the resistance of thermistor returns to original resistance, and output driver just can continue normal work.
Output driver is that open collector exports, and exports high value and is determined by external power source EXVCC, can arrange according to the interface level of receiving terminal.As long as EXVCC is no more than the maximum voltage U that can bear between the collector and emitter of Q1
cEmax, Q1 would not damage.Usual U
cEmaxcan reach 60V, therefore the voltage range of output level is very wide.
As shown in Figure 4, if Line+ end is connected with the open-collector output of other equipment by external signal line accidentally, in this case two-way open collector output-parallel, external signal line level can drag down by the driver of output low level, and electric current flow into the driver of output low level by pull-up resistor R6 from external power supply EXVCC.Resistance R6 plays metering function, can not cause damage to terminal device.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 5 shows the schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, interface circuit INPUT_EN pin is directly connected with the power supply VCCIO of the IO pin of microprocessor (or controller).After such connection, input sink is just without the need to closing.When by interface circuit, externally holding wire sends data to microcontroller, input sink can receive the data that output driver sends, but this does not affect the work of output driver, and microprocessor (or controller) IO pin can be saved.When the IO pin resource of microprocessor (or controller) is nervous, this scheme can be used.
Bidirectional interface circuit of the present invention has overcurrent protection function, prevents that the input or output current is excessive burns out interface circuit; And it extends the IO level range of industrial camera internal microprocessor, realizes plurality of devices and communicates.Interface circuit Signal transmissions of the present invention time delay is less than 5us, and by contrast, the usual time delay of the existing interface circuit be made up of photoelectrical coupler is 30 ~ 50us.Therefore, interface circuit of the present invention is used for the industrial camera that the time for exposure is musec order, the shooting of image and the gating of Supported Speedlights can be made to reach good synchronous effect.
Although be described in detail principle of the present invention in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that above-described embodiment is only the explanation to exemplary implementation of the present invention above, not the present invention is comprised to the restriction of scope.Details in embodiment does not form limitation of the scope of the invention; when not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the apparent changes such as any equivalent transformation based on technical solution of the present invention, simple replacement, all drop within scope.
Claims (10)
1. a bidirectional interface circuit, is characterized in that, described bidirectional interface circuit comprises: input interface, input enable interface, input sink, output interface, output driver, output overcurrent protector.
2. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described input sink, there is one way conducting device, the first end of described one way conducting device connects described input interface and the enable interface of described input respectively, the second end connection signal transmission line of described one way conducting device; The enable interface of described input is for controlling described one way conducting device; Described output interface is for receiving the signal that externally sends and being sent to described output driver; The signal that described output driver receives for responding described output interface, and produce corresponding output signal, the first end of described output driver is connected with described output interface, and the second end is connected to described signal transmssion line through described output overcurrent protector.
3. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when described bidirectional interface circuit is in input state, the enable interface of described input exports the first level signal to the anode of described one way conducting device, when described interface circuit is in output state, the enable interface of described input exports the second level signal to the anode of described one way conducting device.
4. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described interface circuit is for connecting industrial camera and described signal transmssion line, described industrial camera has microprocessor, described input interface, input enable interface and be connected with the microprocessor of described industrial camera respectively with output interface, further, when described interface circuit is in input state, described microprocessor is to the enable interface input high level of described input; When described interface circuit is in output state, described microprocessor is to the enable interface input low level of described input.
5. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described input sink comprises: the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2 and diode D1, first pin of described first resistance R1, first pin of described second resistance R2 and the anode of described diode D1 link together, second pin of described second resistance R2 is connected with described input interface, second pin of described first resistance R1 is connected with the enable interface of input, and the negative electrode of described diode D1 is connected to described signal transmssion line.
6. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described diode D1 is Schottky diode.
7. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described output driver comprises: the 3rd resistance R3, the 4th resistance R4 and triode Q1, and the base stage of first pin of described 3rd resistance R3, first pin of the 4th resistance R4 and described triode Q1 links together; Second pin of described 3rd resistance R3 is connected with described output interface, and second pin of described 4th resistance R4, the emitter of described triode Q1 and grounding pin link together; The collector electrode of described triode Q1 is connected with described signal transmssion line through described output overcurrent protector.
8. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described triode Q1 is NPN triode or NMOS tube.
9. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described output overcurrent protector comprises the 5th resistance R5.
10. bidirectional interface circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, at the opposite side of described signal transmssion line, is connected with pull-up power supply and pull-up resistor R6.
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| CN104660247B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
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