CN103618285B - A kind of overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit - Google Patents
A kind of overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit, comprise filter rectification module: the transient overvoltage pulse interference signal in filtering input signal, and prevent input signal reversal connection; Switch control module: the current signal that the rectification module that accepts filter exports also controls the break-make of this current circuit; Voltage acquisition module: the current signal from switch control module is changed into corresponding voltage signal; And signal monitoring module: monitor the voltage signal that voltage acquisition module collects, and compare with predetermined voltage threshold, if exceed predetermined voltage threshold, then control described switch control module turn-off current loop immediately, pre-set threshold value voltage can set as required.Input overcurrent excess voltage protection provided by the invention, can realize overcurrent, superpotential defencive function, safe and reliable and minimum on the impact of input signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of protective circuit, particularly a kind of overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit.
Background technology
In commercial Application, in order to overcome the impact of interference on signal, 4-20mA electric current is usually adopted to carry out signal transmission.But, in actual application, 12V or the 24V voltage signal of system is linked into input signal terminal because of misoperation by unavoidable meeting, or because of signal source fault output big current, or holding wire suffers thunderbolt that high voltage is coupled to input signal terminal, cause signal input device to be burnt, signal collecting device is malfunctioning, whole system can be caused time serious to paralyse, cause direct or indirect economic loss.
In order to avoid overcurrent-overvoltage, some adds independently input protection module.Than (patent No.: 200810301869.4), input voltage is divided in voltage comparator U1 by resistance R1, R2, and the output signal of U1, to switching circuit below, turns off the 5V_SB signal of rear class when there is overvoltage signal as shown in Figure 1.Some utilizes LM317L to realize overcurrent overvoltage protection as shown in Figure 2: electric current flow into LM317L from VI; R1 is flowed out to from Output pin; because the voltage on inner Adjustment pin is limited in 1.25V; then the electric current of the output of LM317L is limited in Ilimit=1.25/R1, within making electric current be limited in 1.25/R1.
But the function of these protective circuits to overvoltage and overcurrent protection is limited, and comparatively large on the input impedance of circuit impact, easily cause that the acquisition precision of input signal is deteriorated, input impedance becomes large harmful effect.In such as Fig. 1; front end electric resistance partial pressure sampling and switching circuit are below separate cascade connections; what turn off is also late-class circuit; not at the incoming end open circuit of overvoltage signal, if having very high voltage to access for a long time, after protective circuit effect; owing to there is no the access of disconnecting external voltage; big current, by Q1, probably burns out Q1, finally loses defencive function.And in circuit as shown in Figure 2; this scheme only relies on the 1.25V voltage of self of LM317L to limit and realizes current-limiting function; when input Input termination enters too high voltages; beyond the tolerance range of chip LM317, then LM317L itself will be damaged, finally also will lose defencive function; simultaneously; because of the impact of LM317L internal circuit, input circuit impedance is shown as non-linear, the most conference of input circuit impedance is more than 300 ohm.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, in industry spot 4-20mA current signal acquisition applications, sometimes because of misoperation or signal source fault, or in signal, be coupled to instantaneous overvoltage signal, make input signal produce overvoltage or overcurrent signal, thus cause 4-20mA current input device fault.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme adopted to be to provide a kind of overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit, comprising:
Filter rectification module: the instantaneous overvoltage pulse signal in filtering input signal, and anti-stop signal reversal connection;
Switch control module: receive current signal that described filter rectification module exports and control the break-make of this current signal;
Voltage acquisition module: the current signal from switch control module is changed into corresponding voltage signal; And
Signal monitoring module: monitor the voltage signal that collects of voltage acquisition module, and with predetermined threshold value voltage compare, if exceed predetermined voltage threshold, then control described switch control module turn-off current loop immediately.The above-mentioned overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit; wherein; described filter rectification module comprises two-way TVS pipe D1, filter capacitor C1 and anti-reverse diode D2, is connected to the positive pole of anti-reverse diode D2 after described two-way TVS pipe D1 is in parallel with filter capacitor C1.
The above-mentioned overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit, wherein, described switch control module is metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, and described voltage acquisition module is sampling resistor R3, and described signal monitoring module comprises voltage comparator U1, divider resistance R1 and divider resistance R2; The drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of anti-reverse diode D2, the grid of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected to the output of voltage comparator U1, the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is then connected to sampling resistor R3, be connected to the reverse input end of voltage comparator U1 simultaneously, the positive input of described voltage comparator U1 is then connected to one end of electric resistance partial pressure resistance R1 and divider resistance R2 simultaneously, the other end of described divider resistance R1 is connected to power end V_Set, and the other end of described divider resistance R2 is connected to earth terminal GND.
The above-mentioned overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit, wherein, described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is N channel enhancement metal-oxide-semiconductor.
The present invention contrasts prior art following beneficial effect: the overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit provided by the invention, realizes overcurrent, superpotential defencive function by filter rectification module, voltage acquisition module, switch control module and signal monitoring module; This protective circuit is little on input signal impact, is less than 1uA to the error effect of input current is maximum; Protective circuit is very little to the impedance influences of input circuit, enables input circuit keep low input impedance, lower to the requirement of signal source; Fast response time, when overcurrent overvoltage signal appears in input signal, moment thoroughly disconnects input circuit, and make overcurrent overvoltage signal and protected isolation of system, available protecting late-class circuit, reliability is high; Can effectively prevent thunderbolt or transient overvoltage pulse interference signal to be input to late-class circuit simultaneously; This circuit uses components and parts simple, and implementation cost is cheap.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing over-voltage protection function block diagram;
Fig. 2 is the existing overcurrent protection block diagram based on LM317L;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention inputs overcurrent excess voltage protection block diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention inputs overcurrent excess voltage protection figure.
In figure:
1 filter rectification module 2 switch control module 3 signal monitoring module
4 voltage acquisition modules
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention inputs overcurrent excess voltage protection block diagram.
Refer to Fig. 3, the overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit provided by the invention comprises:
Filter rectification module 1: the instantaneous overvoltage pulse interference signal in filtering input signal, and anti-stop signal reversal connection;
Switch control module 2: the current signal that the rectification module 1 that accepts filter exports also controls the break-make of this current circuit;
Voltage acquisition module 4: the current signal from switch control module 2 is changed into corresponding voltage signal; And
Signal monitoring module 3: monitor the voltage signal that voltage acquisition module 4 collects, and compare with predetermined voltage threshold, if exceed predetermined voltage threshold, then control described switch control module 2 turn-off current loop immediately.Described voltage threshold can regulate as required.
Overcurrent excess voltage protection operation principle for 4-20mA current input circuit provided by the invention is as follows: first processed by the curtage signal of filter rectification module 1 to input, prevent transient overvoltage pulse interference signal to be input to late-class circuit, and prevent input signal reversal connection; Then input signal flows into switch control module 2, and switch control module 2 is when opening, and conduction impedance is extremely low, finally enters into voltage acquisition module 4.Voltage acquisition module 4 is by a sampling resistor, current signal is changed into corresponding voltage signal, then the moment monitors the voltage signal that voltage acquisition module 4 collects to signal monitoring module 3, and compare with predetermined voltage threshold, once the voltage that voltage acquisition module collects exceedes set point, make switch control module 2 turn-off current loop instantaneously, then signal monitoring module 3 voltage that monitoring voltage acquisition module 4 is again collected, now because circuit disconnects, the voltage collected should be 0V, so, signal monitoring module 3 makes switch control module 2 circuit turn-on, then signal monitoring module 3 voltage that monitoring voltage acquisition module 4 is again collected, if the voltage now collected is still higher than predetermined voltage threshold, then moment makes switch control module 2 open circuit loop again, on the contrary, if the voltage now collected is lower than predetermined voltage threshold, then switch control module 2 is not operated, reenter voltage detection module 4 and wait for result of determination, circulation like this, make voltage acquisition to voltage be controlled in below predetermined voltage threshold.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention inputs overcurrent excess voltage protection figure.
Please continue see Fig. 4, filter rectification module 1 in the present invention can be made up of a two-way TVS pipe D1, filter capacitor C1 and anti-reverse diode D2, switch control module 2 can select N channel enhancement metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, signal monitoring module 3 adopts voltage comparator U1 and divider resistance R1, R2 composition, and voltage acquisition module 4 adopts sampling resistor R3.Concrete connected mode is as follows: the positive pole being connected to anti-reverse diode D2 after two-way TVS pipe D1 is in parallel with filter capacitor C1, the negative pole of anti-reverse diode D2 is connected to the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, the grid of Q1 is connected to the output of voltage comparator U1, the source electrode of Q1 is then connected to sampling resistor R3, be connected to the reverse input end of voltage comparator U1 simultaneously, the positive input of voltage comparator U1 is then connected to one end of divider resistance R1 and R2 simultaneously, the other end of divider resistance R1 is connected to power end V_Set, and the other end of divider resistance R2 is connected to earth terminal GND.Divider resistance R2 is threshold voltage to the dividing potential drop of V_Set.
The overcurrent excess voltage protection course of work that the present invention is used for 4-20mA current input circuit is as follows: during normal 4-20mA current signal input, via the rectification of two-way TVS pipe D1 and filter capacitor C1 filtering and anti-reverse diode D2, flow into the drain electrode of Q1, then out flow into sampling resistor R3 from source electrode, sampling resistor R3 is converted to voltage signal, the i.e. voltage that collects of voltage acquisition module 4, and this voltage is sent to late-class circuit; The supply power voltage of voltage comparator U1 is generally more than or equal to 3.3V, and when due to circuit initial input state and input normal 4-20mA signal, the voltage at resistance R3 two ends is adopted all to be less than the threshold voltage Vset of excess voltage protection setting, the output voltage of guarantee voltage comparator U1 is high level when circuit input signal is normal thus, and now output voltage is the supply power voltage of voltage comparator; In order to leave surplus, sampling resistor R3 is taken as 75 ohm, and circuit protection voltage threshold is set as 2.5V, and when 20mA electric current inputs, the voltage that sampling resistor R3 collects is: U=0.02 × 75=1.5V; Under normal 4-20mA current signal input condition, voltage comparator U1 is greater than negative pole input voltage due to positive pole input voltage, export as high level, now for metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, grid voltage equals 3.3V, and source voltage is less than or equal to 1.5V, then metal-oxide-semiconductor grid voltage is greater than source voltage, i.e. conducting between the drain electrode of Vgs>1.8V, Q1 and source electrode.
When occurring that overcurrent signal inputs, by the filter rectification process of two-way TVS pipe D1, filter capacitor C1, anti-reverse diode D2, most Zhongdao sampling resistor R3 changes into voltage, this voltage is connected to the reverse input end of voltage comparator U1, reverse input voltage and the forward input voltage of voltage comparator U1 compare, because the forward input voltage of voltage comparator U1 is obtained by two electric resistance partial pressures, so the forward input voltage of voltage comparator U1 is fixing, this voltage can set by regulating the resistance value of R1, R2.When the voltage on sampling resistor R3 is greater than the forward input voltage of U1, the output of voltage comparator U1 exports as low level immediately, the grid voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is less than source voltage, the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and the separated of drain electrode, namely current circuit disconnects, voltage on sampling resistor R3 becomes 0V, be less than the positive pole input voltage of U1, so the output of voltage comparator U1 exports high level again, the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and source conduction, current signal flow into sampling resistor R3 again, change into voltage, and compare with the forward input voltage of U1, owing to being overcurrent signal, the voltage that sampling resistor R3 transforms is greater than the forward input voltage of voltage comparator U1, output low level instantaneously, source electrode and the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 disconnect, so repeatedly, voltage on final guarantee R3 is less than or equal to the forward input voltage of U1, i.e. R1, voltage after R2 dividing potential drop.
When occurring that overvoltage signal inputs, the operation principle when operation principle of the protective circuit that the present invention describes and current signal input is similar, when overvoltage signal is instant high-voltage signal, during as thunderbolt etc., then TVS pipe D1 is by transient switching, is released to by voltage on GND, protection late-class circuit, when overvoltage signal is stable high voltage signal, then pass through C1, the filter rectification process of D2, on most Zhongdao sampling resistor R3, and compare with the forward input voltage of voltage comparator U1, when the voltage on sampling resistor R3 is greater than the forward input voltage of U1, the output of voltage comparator U1 exports as low level immediately, the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and the separated of drain electrode, namely input circuit disconnects, voltage on sampling resistor R3 and then becomes 0V, be less than the positive pole input voltage of U1, so the output of U1 exports high level again, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 conducting, voltage signal is transformed on R3, and compare with the forward input voltage of U1, owing to being overvoltage signal, be greater than the forward input voltage of U1, export as low level instantaneously, source electrode and the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 disconnect, so repeatedly, voltage on final guarantee sampling resistor R3 is less than or equal to the forward input voltage of U1, i.e. R1, voltage after R2 dividing potential drop.
In sum, the overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit provided by the invention, realizes overcurrent, superpotential defencive function by filter rectification module, voltage acquisition module, switch control module and signal monitoring module; This protective circuit is little on input signal impact, gathers worst error be less than 1uA to current input signal; Signal input impedance is low, lower to the requirement of signal source; Fast response time, when overcurrent overvoltage signal appears in input signal, moment thoroughly disconnects input circuit, and make overcurrent overvoltage signal and protected isolation of system, available protecting late-class circuit, reliability is high; Can effectively prevent the interference signals such as thunderbolt or transient overvoltage pulse to be input to late-class circuit simultaneously.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment; so itself and be not used to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when doing a little amendment and perfect, therefore protection scope of the present invention is when being as the criterion of defining with claims.
Claims (2)
1., for an overcurrent excess voltage protection for 4-20mA current input circuit, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Filter rectification module: the instantaneous overvoltage pulse signal in filtering input signal, and anti-stop signal reversal connection;
Switch control module: receive current signal that described filter rectification module exports and control the break-make of this current circuit;
Voltage acquisition module: the current signal from switch control module is changed into corresponding voltage signal; And
Signal monitoring module: monitor the voltage signal that voltage acquisition module collects, and compare with predetermined voltage threshold, if exceed predetermined voltage threshold, then control described switch control module turn-off current loop immediately;
Described filter rectification module comprises two-way TVS pipe D1, filter capacitor C1 and anti-reverse diode D2, is connected to the positive pole of anti-reverse diode D2 after described two-way TVS pipe D1 is in parallel with filter capacitor C1;
Described switch control module is metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, and described voltage acquisition module is sampling resistor R3, and described signal monitoring module comprises voltage comparator U1, divider resistance R1 and divider resistance R2; The drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected to the negative pole of anti-reverse diode D2, the grid of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected to the output of voltage comparator U1, the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is then connected to sampling resistor R3, be connected to the reverse input end of voltage comparator U1 simultaneously, the positive input of described voltage comparator U1 is then connected to one end of electric resistance partial pressure resistance R1 and divider resistance R2 simultaneously, the other end of described divider resistance R1 is connected to power end V_Set, and the other end of described divider resistance R2 is connected to earth terminal GND.
2., as claimed in claim 1 for the overcurrent excess voltage protection of 4-20mA current input circuit, it is characterized in that, described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is N channel enhancement metal-oxide-semiconductor.
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| CN105811357B (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-08-17 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | Current foldback circuit and the AI modules that the current foldback circuit is set |
| CN108666971B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2020-03-27 | 安徽亚智电气有限公司 | Overvoltage protection device control system |
| CN108551154A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-09-18 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Overvoltage protection method and device |
| CN110763910A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-07 | 绵阳市维博电子有限责任公司 | Digital display DC meter and current sampling circuit thereof |
| CN112526203A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-19 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一六研究所 | High-precision 4-20mA current signal acquisition circuit |
| CN113295957B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2023-03-10 | 基合半导体（宁波）有限公司 | Test control device, method and micro control unit |
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Date of cancellation: 20230915 Granted publication date: 20151223 Pledgee: Industrial Commercial Bank of China Ltd. Jiaxing branch Pledgor: MOX AUTOMATIC CONTROL INFORMATION (CHINA) CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2020330000105 |
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Denomination of invention: An overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit for 4-20mA current input circuits Effective date of registration: 20230918 Granted publication date: 20151223 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Jiaxing Nanhu Branch Pledgor: Vankes Automatic Control Equipment (China) Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980057447 |
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| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right |