CN104641155A - 无级变速器及其控制方法 - Google Patents
无级变速器及其控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
- F16H61/66254—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling
- F16H61/66259—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling using electrical or electronical sensing or control means
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- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/16—Inhibiting or initiating shift during unfavourable conditions, e.g. preventing forward reverse shift at high vehicle speed, preventing engine over speed
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
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- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/70—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements
- F16H61/702—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements using electric or electrohydraulic control means
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- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
- F16H2037/023—CVT's provided with at least two forward and one reverse ratio in a serial arranged sub-transmission
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- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/14—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
- F16H2059/147—Transmission input torque, e.g. measured or estimated engine torque
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- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/14—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
- F16H59/18—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on the position of the accelerator pedal
- F16H2059/183—Rate of change of accelerator position, i.e. pedal or throttle change gradient
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
- F16H2061/66204—Control for modifying the ratio control characteristic
- F16H2061/66218—Control for modifying the ratio control characteristic dependent on control input parameters other than ambient conditions or driver's choice
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/14—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
- F16H59/141—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand of rate of change of torque or torque demand
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/14—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
- F16H59/18—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on the position of the accelerator pedal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
- F16H61/66227—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling shifting exclusively as a function of speed and torque
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
- F16H61/6625—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling shifting exclusively as a function of torque
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Abstract
变速器控制器基于加速踏板的开度及打开速度以及发动机的转矩变化率判定是否使副变速机构降档,在判定为使副变速机构降档的情况下,使副变速机构降档。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具备副变速机构的无级变速器的控制。
背景技术
JP2010-230117A中公开有如下的技术,即,在具备副变速机构的无级变速器中,仅在请求较大的驱动力的状况(加速器开度为规定开度以上,且加速器开度的变化速度为规定速度以上)下许可副变速机构的降档。
根据该技术,由于副变速机构的变速频率下降,因此,可以抑制因重复产生变速冲击而引起的操作性的降低及副变速机构的摩擦联接元件的耐久性的降低。
但是,在上述技术中,在以不足上述规定速度踏下加速踏板直到加速器开度比上述规定开度大之后,若以比上述规定速度高的速度踏下加速踏板,则在使副变速机构降档时可能产生变速冲击。
这是由于,在加速器开度比上述规定开度大的区域,发动机转矩接近最大值,因此,即使进一步踏下加速踏板,有时发动机转矩的变化较小或几乎无变化,在该情况下,当开始副变速机构的降档时,在将发动机转速提升到变速后的转速时,由于发动机的惯性而产生转矩减少的现象,且产生所谓的牵引冲击(除去驱动力那样的减速方向的冲击)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,在具备副变速机构的无级变速器中,抑制使副变速机构降档时的牵引冲击。
根据本发明的某方式,提供一种无级变速器及与无级变速器对应的控制方法,无级变速器具备可无级地变更变速比的变速机构和有级的副变速机构,将动力源的输出旋转变速并输出,其中,具备:降档判定部,其基于所述动力源的输出调整装置即加速踏板的开度及打开速度、以及所述动力源的转矩变化率判定是否使所述副变速机构降档;变速部,其在判定为使所述副变速机构降档的情况下,使所述副变速机构降档。
在当动力源的转矩变化率较小时使副变速机构降档的情况下,由于动力源的惯性而产生转矩减少的现象。因此,如所述方式,如果也考虑动力源的转矩变化率来判定是否使副变速机构降档,则在产生牵引冲击的状况下,可以不使副变速机构降档,从而能抑制牵引冲击的产生。
附图说明
图1是搭载有本发明实施方式的无级变速器的车辆的概略构成图;
图2是表示变速器控制器的内部构成的图;
图3是变速图;
图4是用于判定2-1许可变速区域的图;
图5是用于设定2-1许可变速变化速度的图;
图6是表示由变速器控制器执行的变速控制程序的内容的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。此外,以下的说明中,某变速机构的“变速比”是该变速机构的输入转速除以该变速机构的输出转速而得到的值。另外,“最低速(最Low)变速比”是该变速机构的最大变速比,“最高速(最High)变速比”是该变速机构的最小变速比。
图1是搭载有本发明实施方式的无级变速器的车辆的概略构成图。该车辆具备发动机1作为驱动源。发动机1的输出旋转经由液力变矩器2、第一齿轮组3、变速器4、第二齿轮组5、差速装置6传递至驱动轮7。第二齿轮组5中设有在驻车时锁定变速器4的输出轴使其不能机械性地旋转的停车机构8。
液力变矩器2具备锁止离合器2a。当联接锁止离合器2a时,液力变矩器2中滑动消失,而提高液力变矩器2的传递效率。
另外,车辆中设有:利用发动机1的动力的一部分进行驱动的油泵10、调整来自油泵10的油压并向变速器4的各部位供给的油压控制回路11、控制油压控制回路11的变速器控制器12。
变速器4是具备变速机构20和与变速机构20串联地设置的副变速机构30的无级变速器。“串联地设置”是指在从发动机1到驱动轮7的动力传递路径中串联地设有变速机构20和副变速机构30。副变速机构30也可以如该例那样与变速机构20的输出轴直接连接,也可以经由其它变速或动力传递机构(例如,齿轮组)连接。或者,副变速机构30也可以与变速机构20的前段(输入轴侧)连接。
变速机构20是具备初级带轮21、次级带轮22和卷挂在带轮21、22之间V型带23的无级变速机构。带轮21、22分别具备:固定圆锥板、以滑轮面与该固定圆锥板对向的状态配置且在与固定圆锥板之间形成V型槽的可动圆锥板、设于该可动圆锥板的背面且使可动圆锥板在轴方向上位移的油压缸23a、23b。当调整向油压缸23a、23b供给的油压时,V型槽的宽度变化,V型带23和各带轮21、22的接触半径变化,变速机构20的变速比无级地变化。
副变速机构30是前进2级、后退1级的变速机构,作为前进用变速级,具有1速和变速比比1速小的2速。在以下的说明中,副变速机构30的变速级为1速时,表现为“变速器4为低速模式”,当为2速时,表现为“变速器4为高速模式”。
如图2所示,变速器控制器12由CPU121、由RAM、ROM构成的存储装置122、输入接口123、输出接口124、将它们相互连接的总线125构成。
输入接口123输入有:检测表示加速踏板的操作量的加速器开度APO的加速器开度传感器41的输出信号、检测变速器4的输入转速(=初级带轮21的转速,以下称为“初级转速Npri”。)的转速传感器42的输出信号、检测车速VSP的车速传感器43的输出信号、检测变速器4的油温TMP的油温传感器44的输出信号、检测变速杆的位置的断路开关45的输出信号、检测发动机1的转速Ne的转速传感器46的输出信号等。
存储装置122中储存有变速器4的变速控制程序(图6)、在该变速控制程序中使用的各种图(图3~图5)。CPU121读出执行在存储装置122中储存的变速控制程序,对经由输入接口123输入的各种信号实施各种运算处理,而生成变速控制信号,并将生成的变速控制信号经由输出接口124输出至油压控制回路11。CPU121在运算处理中使用的各种值、其运算结果适当储存于存储装置122中。
油压控制回路11由多个流路、多个油压控制阀构成。油压控制回路11基于来自变速器控制器12的变速控制信号控制多个油压控制阀,切换油压的供给路径,并且根据油泵10中产生的油压调整所必要的油压,并将该油压供给到变速器4的各部位中。由此,进行变速机构20的变速、副变速机构30的变速级的变更、锁止离合器2a的联接、释放。
图3表示储存于存储装置122的变速图。变速器控制器12参照该变速图的同时,根据车辆的运转状态(该实施方式中,车速VSP、初级转速Npri、加速器开度APO)控制变速机构20、副变速机构30及锁止离合器2a。
该变速图中,变速器4的动作点由车速VSP和初级转速Npri定义。连结变速器4的动作点和变速图左下角的零点的线的倾斜度与变速器4的变速比(变速机构20的变速比乘以副变速机构30的变速比而得到的整体变速比,以下,称为“贯穿变速比”。)对应。该变速图中,与以往的带式无级变速器的变速图同样,在每个加速器开度APO中设定有变速线,变速器4的变速按照根据加速器开度APO选择的变速线进行。
在变速器4为低速模式时,变速器4可以在将变速机构20的变速比设为最低速变速比而得到的低速模式最低速线和将变速机构20的变速比设为最高速变速比而得到的低速模式最高速线之间(图中A、B区域)进行变速。另一方面,在变速器4为高速模式时,变速器4可以在将变速机构20的变速比设为最低速变速比而得到的高速模式最低速线和将变速机构20的变速比设为最高速变速比而得到的高速模式最高速线之间(图中B、C区域)变速。
另外,在该变速图上,以与低速模式最高速线上重叠的方式设定有判定副变速机构30从1速向2速升档的1-2变速线。在作为变速器4的目标的动作点从B区域侧向C区域侧横切1-2变速线的情况下,变速器控制器12将副变速机构30从1速向2速升档。
副变速机构30从2速向1速的降档仅在请求较大的驱动力的状况下进行。由此,降低副变速机构30的变速频率,抑制因重复产生变速冲击而引起的操作性(驾驶性)的降低或副变速机构30的摩擦元件的耐久性的降低。
具体而言,变速器控制器12在对变速图按照图4所示那样设定2-1许可变速区域,且作为变速器4的目标的动作点处于2-1许可变速区域,且加速器开度APO的变化速度比检索图5所示的图而得到的2-1许可变速变化速度高的情况下,作为请求较大的驱动力,变速器控制器12使副变速机构30从2速向1速降档。
但是,即使在作为变速器4的目标的动作点处于2-1许可变速区域,且加速器开度APO的变化速度比2-1许可变速变化速度高的情况下,发动机1的转矩变化率较小时,变速器控制器12不进行副变速机构30的降档。这是由于,防止在使副变速机构30从2速向1速降档时,由于发动机1的惯性产生所谓的牵引冲击。
图6表示储存于变速器控制器12的存储装置122的变速控制程序的内容。一边参照该内容,一边说明变速器控制器12执行的变速控制的内容。
S11中,变速器控制器12根据图3所示的变速图检索与当前的车速VSP及加速器开度APO对应的动作点(作为变速器4的目标的动作点),并将与之对应的初级转速作为到达初级转速DsrREV进行设定。到达初级转速DsrREV是在当前的车速VSP及加速器开度APO中应实现的初级转速,即初级转速的目标值。
S12中,变速器控制器12将到达初级转速DsrREV除以车速VSP、第二齿轮组5的减速比fRatio,来运算到达贯穿变速比DRatio。到达贯穿变速比DRatio是利用当前的车速VSP及加速器开度APO应实现的贯穿变速比,即贯穿变速比的目标值。
S13中,变速器控制器12比较到达贯穿变速比DRatio和实际贯穿变速比Ratio,来判定是否进行变速。在两个值不同,且判定为进行变速的情况下,处理进入S14,在判定为不进行变速的情况下,处理进入S20。
S14中,变速器控制器12基于到达贯穿变速比DRatio和实际贯穿变速比Ratio的大小关系,判定以下进行的变速是升档还是降档。
在判定为以下进行的变速为升档的情况下,变速器控制器12根据未图示的处理进行升档控制。升档控制中,变速器控制器12以实现到达贯穿变速比DRatio的方式使变速机构20变速,在作为变速器4的目标的动作点横切1-2变速线的情况下,使副变速机构30从1速向2速升档。
在判定为以下进行的变速为降档的情况下,处理进入S15。
S15中,变速器控制器12判定副变速机构30的变速级是否为2速,且作为变速器4的目标的动作点是否处于图4所示的2-1许可变速区域。2-1许可变速区域是加速器开度APO增大,请求较大的驱动力,且为了实现该区域的贯穿变速比而需要将副减速机构30的变速级设为1速的区域。在肯定的判定的情况下,处理进入S16,在否定的判定的情况下,处理进入S19。
S16中,变速器控制器12检索图5的图,设定与加速器开度APO及车速VSP对应的2-1许可变速变化速度,据此,也判定加速器开度APO的变化速度是否为高。2-1许可变速变化速度是用于判定是否为请求较大的驱动力的状况的阈值。在肯定的判定的情况下,处理进入S17,在否定的判定的情况下,处理进入S19。
S17中,变速器控制器12判定发动机1的转矩变化率是否比2-1许可变速变化率(规定的低变化率)大。发动机1的变化率可以通过如下取得,即,根据规定的发动机转矩图检索与加速器开度APO及发动机转速Ne对应的值,并运算其变化率。2-1许可变速变化率设定为,在使副变速机构30从2速向1速降档的情况下,不会由于惯性而产生转矩减少的现象的转矩变化率的下限值,即不会产生牵引冲击的转矩变化率的下限值。在肯定的判定的情况下,处理进入S18,在否定的判定的情况下,处理进入S19。
S18中,变速器控制器12使副变速机构30从2速向1速降档。另外,变速器控制器12使变速机构20变速,以实现到达贯穿变速比DRatio。
在S15~S17中进行否定的判定而进入S19中,变速器控制器12仅使变速机构20变速,以变速器4的实际贯穿变速比Rati接近到达贯穿变速比DRatio。由于副变速机构30的变速级为2速,因此,在仅通过变速机构20的变速不能实现到达贯穿变速比DRatio的情况下,使变速机构20变速到最低速变速比。
处理进入S20的情况为不需要变速的情况,因此,变速器控制器12使变速机构20及副变速机构30均不变速。
因此,根据上述变速控制,在作为变速器4的目标的动作点处于2-1许可变速区域,且加速器开度APO的变化速度比2-1许可变速变化速度高的情况下,如果是通常,则进行副变速机构30的降档(S18),但在发动机1的转矩变化率比2-1许可变速变化率小的情况下,不进行副变速机构30的降档,而仅进行变速机构20的变速(S19)。
例如,在慢慢踏下加速踏板而作为变速器4的目标的动作点进入2-1许可变速区域,且发动机1的转矩相对于加速器开度APO的变化较小(例如,加速器全开近傍)而突然踏下加速踏板的情况下,即使在S15,S16中进行肯定的判定,在S17中也进行否定的判定,因此,不进行副变速机构30的降档。
这样,在转矩变化率较小的情况下,通过限制副变速机构30的降档,使发动机1的转矩变化率较小,由此,可以抑制因使副变速机构30降档而引起的牵引冲击的产生。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但上述实施方式只不过表示本发明适用例的一部分,不是将本发明的技术范围限定于上述实施方式的具体构成的意思。
另外,将2-1许可变速区域设定成由低速模式最低速线、高速模式最低速线、全负荷线及滑行线包围的区域,但该情况是一例,也可以设定与该情况不同的2-1许可变速区域。
另外,上述实施方式中,动力源为发动机1,但动力源也可以是组合发动机1和电动机的结构。
本发明申请基于在日本国专利局于2012年9月27日申请的特愿2012-213939号主张优先权,该申请的全部内容通过参照引用于本说明书中。
Claims (3)
1.一种无级变速器,具备可无级地变更变速比的变速机构和有级的副变速机构,将动力源的输出旋转变速并输出,其中,具备:
降档判定装置,其基于所述动力源的输出调整装置即加速踏板的开度及打开速度、以及所述动力源的转矩变化率判定是否使所述副变速机构降档;
变速装置,其在判定为使所述副变速机构降档的情况下,使所述副变速机构降档。
2.如权利要求1所述的无级变速器,其中,
所述降档判定装置在所述动力源的转矩变化率比规定的低变化率小的情况下,无论加速踏板的开度及打开速度的值是多少均判定为不使所述副变速机构降档。
3.一种无级变速器的控制方法,该无级变速器具备可无级地变更变速比的变速机构和有级的副变速机构,将动力源的输出旋转变速并输出,其中,
基于所述动力源的输出调整装置即加速踏板的开度及打开速度、以及所述动力源的转矩变化率判定是否使所述副变速机构降档,
在判定为使所述副变速机构降档的情况下,使所述副变速机构降档。
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