CN108658695A - A method of promoting straw decomposing - Google Patents
A method of promoting straw decomposing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108658695A CN108658695A CN201710207503.XA CN201710207503A CN108658695A CN 108658695 A CN108658695 A CN 108658695A CN 201710207503 A CN201710207503 A CN 201710207503A CN 108658695 A CN108658695 A CN 108658695A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method promoting straw decomposing, the use of returning to the field after stalk is directly crushed, cooperation wood vinegar, microorganism-decomposing agent promotes straw-returning to degenerate speed.Small molecule carbon source in wood vinegar can promote microorganism growth to accelerate the decomposed of crop material, while the compound action of wood vinegar and microorganism-decomposing agent can effectively inhibit pathogen and insect pest, reduce potential hazard of the straw-returning to crop.This method is suitable for the decomposition into field of various crop materials, and decomposed stalk speed is fast, easy to implement the method, easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural biological technical fields, and in particular to a method of promoting straw decomposing, realizes stalk
Utilization of waste as resource.
Background technology
As science and technology is constantly progressive and rural economy fast development, crop yield continuous improvement, processing of farm products
Industry rapidly develops and new countryside construction is constantly unfolded, the various agriculture and forestry organic waste material total amounts including agricultural crop straw and kind
Class is in rising trend, and especially nearly ten years, with the quickening of Urbanization Process paces, life of farmers level obviously carries
Height, it is lower and lower for the agriculture and forestry organic waste material utilization rate that can be used as fuel and fertilizer, the disposition of the efficient process of agriculture and forestry organic waste material and
Recycling has become a problem for restricting agricultural sustainable development.China possesses abundant agricultural crop straw and other are useless
Abandon biomass resource.However, due to the restriction of the factors such as technology, tradition and idea, China's abandoned biomass utilization rate is relatively low.According to
Investigation, China's crop-residue incorporation is only 15% or so, and the amount directly burnt or discarded has been more than 50%.A large amount of combustions of stalk
Burn or discarded, not only cause the serious waste of biomass resource, and increase greenhouse gas emission, cause environmental pollution or
Potential pollution aggravates.2015, State Development and Reform Commission of state, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Department issued notice jointly, it is desirable that each
Ground further strengthen stalk comprehensive utilization with prohibit burn work, strive to the year two thousand twenty whole nation stalk comprehensive utilization rate reach 85% with
On.
It converts agricultural crop straw to good organic fertilizer using straw-returning technology, may be implemented in farmland ecosystem
The benign cycle of substance, can effective solution because repeat cultivate caused by soil nutrient exhaust, fertility decline the problems such as.It can promote
Into soil microbial activity, soil organic matter content is improved, the dynamic equilibrium of soil with organic matter is maintained in a certain range, changes
The physical arrangement of kind soil, fixed and holding soil nitrogen nutriment, increases the validity of difficultly soluble nutrient, restores and maintain soil
Fertility is solved since farmland quality caused by farming declines year after year, and the soil organism is insufficient, soil water retention, fertilizer conservation, venting capability
The problems such as reduction, soil aggregate structure is reduced, it is greatly facilitated agricultural production.Straw-returning also can effectively control rural stmosphere
Pollution is the important measures for realizing China's agricultural sustainable development and Ecological Environment construction.
China solves the problems, such as large area stalk mainly by direct returning to farmland, especially in the north, two ripe farming of corn wheat at present
Under system, returning to the field has shown many benefits to a large amount of maize straws to the Wheat Growing Soils ecosystem year after year, is not only advantageous to accumulate
The soil organism, and to reducing the soil weight, increasing soil porosity, improvement soil permeability, all there is good result.But
It is due to China's multiple crop index height, reverse cropping time interval is short, stalk C/N high, and stalk is difficult to be differentiated solution in its natural state, north
The corn in some areas of side gathers in period, and for temperature generally at 10~15 DEG C, Straw decomposing is even more extremely difficult, leads to maize straw
Be decomposed in the soil after returning to the field conversion period it is long, nutrient in stalk cannot be that this season crop make full use of, and influence soil
Farming, seed are sprouted and crops seedling stage growth, additionally causes some insect pests and pathogen to survive for a long time in the soil, to work
Object brings potential hazard.
Therefore, seek it is a kind of how to promote straw decomposing, accelerate straw-returning efficiency method be very urgent.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in：The regional crop high for multiple crop index, reverse cropping time interval is short
Its attached speed of straw-returning influences the present situation of crop yield slowly, provides a kind of method for promoting to accelerate crop material decomposed.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：A kind of method promoting straw decomposing is provided,
During carrying out decomposed processing to stalk, promote straw decomposing using wood vinegar is applied before microorganism-decomposing agent.
In the method provided by the invention for promoting straw decomposing, urea adjusting carbon nitrogen is also applied during straw decomposing
Than.
In the method provided by the invention for promoting straw decomposing, include the following steps：
S1, it after crops stalk crushing, will be spread fertilizer over the fields after being mixed with wood vinegar uniformly to field；Alternatively, by agricultural crop straw
It is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly to field after crushing, then is uniformly spray applied wood vinegar；
S2, urea is uniformly applied, adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio；
S3, microorganism-decomposing agent is uniformly applied to field by commodity requirement；
S4, rotary cultivator rotary tillage make agricultural crop straw turn to upper soll layer or less.
In the method provided by the invention for promoting straw decomposing, in the step S1, the suitable length after stalk crushing
≤4cm；Wood vinegar is diluted 250-500 times, by stoste 0.5-1L/ even applications per mu.
In the method provided by the invention for promoting straw decomposing, in the step S2, according to 5-10kg/ even applications per mu
Urea adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio to 35-40 to field:1.
In the method provided by the invention for promoting straw decomposing, in the step S4, by stalk conpound salto to upper soll layer
Following 5-20cm.
Implement the present invention, has the advantages that：The present invention accelerates crop straw in order to promote straw-returning, using promotion
The decomposed method of stalk, this method spray a wood vinegar before stalk sprays microorganism-decomposing agent.Wood vinegar is weakly acidic, contains
A large amount of small-molecule substance provides carbon source and suitable condition for the breeding of microorganism, increases the functional diversity sum number of microorganism
Amount.Small molecule carbon source can promote microorganism growth to accelerate the decomposed of crop material, while wood vinegar and microorganism-decomposing agent
Compound action can effectively inhibit pathogen and insect pest, reduce potential hazard of the straw-returning to crop.This method is suitable for
The decomposition into field of various crop materials, decomposed stalk speed is fast, easy to implement the method, easy to operate.
Specific implementation mode
The content of present invention is illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
In order to solve stalk in the prior art be decomposed conversion period is long, nutrient cannot be what this season crop make full use of
Technical problem, the present invention provide it is a kind of promote straw decomposing method, this method to stalk carry out decomposed processing during,
Straw decomposing, wood vinegar, being used cooperatively for microorganism-decomposing agent is promoted to promote straw using wood vinegar is applied before microorganism-decomposing agent
Stalk returning to the field degenerates speed.
Microorganism-decomposing microbial inoculum is bought for market：Trade name decomposing agent contains multiple beneficial microorganism and cellulose, half
Cellulose, lignin decomposition enzyme, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/gram.The microorganism-decomposing agent can carry out straw-returning, allow peasant
Can the edge of a field handle nearby, solve straw-returning on the spot, the fertility for increasing the beneficial microbe in soil, increasing soil.
Implement the method that the present invention promotes straw decomposing, includes the following steps：
S1, it after crops stalk crushing, will be spread fertilizer over the fields after being mixed with wood vinegar uniformly to field；Alternatively, by agricultural crop straw
It is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly to field after crushing, then is uniformly spray applied wood vinegar；Suitable length≤4cm after stalk crushing；By wood vinegar
250-500 times of dilution, by stoste 0.5-1L/ even applications per mu.Agricultural crop straw after combining, which uniformly divides, is sprinkling upon field
Between, it can be directly spray applied wood vinegar, if agricultural crop straw has gathered in collection, it is latter uniform with spreading fertilizer over the fields that wood vinegar can be mixed
To field.
S2, urea is uniformly applied, adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio；According to 5-10kg/ even application urea per mu to field, carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted
To 35-40:1.
S3, microorganism-decomposing agent is uniformly applied to field by commodity requirement；
S4, rotary cultivator rotary tillage make agricultural crop straw turn to upper soll layer or less 5-20cm.
In order to verify effect of the present invention, following simulated experiment is used：The woven bag of 120*60cm, per it is packed enter 5kg corns
Stalk；Experimental group processing addition wood vinegar, microorganism-decomposing agent and urea；Control group be only added microorganism-decomposing agent, urea and
With the water of wood vinegar equivalent；Experimental group and control group embedment underground 10cm are deep, decomposed 30 days, every 3 days measuring temperatures, cellulase
Living and humic acid content.
Experiment before acquisition topsoil soils analyze its basic physical and chemical and for try stalk nutrient content, as a result as the following table 1,
Shown in table 2：
Basic physical and chemical of the table 1 for examination soil
Nutrient content of the table 2 for examination crop material
Embodiment 1
Maize straw (stalk length≤4cm) after taking 5kg to crush after 2.5ml wood vinegar is diluted 500 times, uniformly sprays
To stalk surface layer, urea 50g is then uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, 5g microorganism-decomposing agents are finally spread fertilizer over the fields into stalk surface as required and is packed into
In woven bag, embedment underground 10cm is deep.Decomposed 30 days, every 3 days measuring temperatures, cellulase activity and humic acid content.Control group
Microorganism-decomposing agent, urea and the water with wood vinegar equivalent is only added.
Interpretation of result
Temperature change result：15 days temperature slowly rise before control group, and 23.1 DEG C of temperature was raised to by the 15th day, and rear temperature is slow
Slow variation, high temperature does not reach 24 DEG C, and is within first 9 days of test group the temperature rise period, and decomposed temperature rises to 23.8 from 11.4 DEG C
DEG C, constant temperature maintains higher temperature to contribute to the quick composting of maize straw at 24 DEG C or so within the 9th day to 24 days.
Cellulase activity result of variations：In 18 days of experiment, control group cellulase activity is continued for slowly rising, most
160U/g was risen at the 21st day eventually, and test group is most fast in the rising of preceding 9 days cellulase activities, reaches 165.4U/ at the 9th day
G slowly rises after the 9th day, and 216.7U/g was risen at the 18th day, and either the speed or enzyme activity of enzyme activity rising is exhausted
To value, experimental group is significantly better than that control group, illustrates the decomposed significant effect of product of the present invention.
The variation of decomposition rate：Decomposed stalk was sampled in 30th day.Sample utilizes mistake through clean, 80 DEG C of drying after sampling
Weight method measures straw decomposition rate, straw decomposition rate (%)=(former stalk weight-stalk residual quantity)/original stalk weight × 100.At control
For straw decomposing rate up to 56.9%, sprinkling wood vinegar up to 63.5%, puies forward the straw decomposition rate of maize straw than control treatment in reason
It is high by 6.6%.
Embodiment 2
Maize straw (stalk length≤4cm) after taking 5kg to crush uniformly is sprayed onto after 5ml wood vinegar is diluted 250 times
Then urea 50g is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on stalk surface layer, 5g microorganism-decomposing agents are finally spread fertilizer over the fields stalk surface as required and are packed into volume
It knits in bag, embedment underground 10cm is deep.Decomposed 30 days, every 3 days measuring temperatures, cellulase activity and humic acid content.Control group is only
Microorganism-decomposing agent, urea and the water with wood vinegar equivalent is added.
Interpretation of result
Temperature change result：15 days temperature slowly rise before control group, and 23.1 DEG C of temperature was raised to by the 15th day, and rear temperature is slow
Slow variation, high temperature does not reach 24 DEG C, and is within first 9 days of test group the temperature rise period, and decomposed temperature rises to 24.5 from 11.4 DEG C
DEG C, constant temperature maintains higher temperature to contribute to the quick composting of maize straw at 24 DEG C or so within the 9th day to 24 days.
Cellulase activity result of variations：In 18 days of experiment, control group cellulase activity is continued for slowly rising, most
160U/g was risen at the 21st day eventually, and test group is most fast in the rising of preceding 9 days cellulase activities, reaches 154.7U/ at the 9th day
G slowly rises after the 9th day, and 207.6U/g was risen at the 18th day, and either the speed or enzyme activity of enzyme activity rising is exhausted
To value, experimental group is significantly better than that control group, illustrates the decomposed significant effect of product of the present invention.
The variation of decomposition rate：Decomposed stalk was sampled in 30th day.Sample utilizes mistake through clean, 80 DEG C of drying after sampling
Weight method measures straw decomposition rate, straw decomposition rate (%)=(former stalk weight-stalk residual quantity)/original stalk weight × 100.At control
For straw decomposing rate up to 56.9%, sprinkling wood vinegar up to 66.3%, puies forward the straw decomposition rate of maize straw than control treatment in reason
It is high by 9.4%.
Embodiment 3
Maize straw (stalk length≤4cm) after taking 5kg to crush uniformly is sprayed onto after 5ml wood vinegar is diluted 500 times
Then urea 50g is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on stalk surface layer, 5g microorganism-decomposing agents are finally spread fertilizer over the fields stalk surface as required and are packed into volume
It knits in bag, embedment underground 10cm is deep.Decomposed 30 days, every 3 days measuring temperatures, cellulase activity and humic acid content.Control group is only
Microorganism-decomposing agent, urea and the water with wood vinegar equivalent is added.
Interpretation of result
Temperature change result：15 days temperature slowly rise before control group, and 23.7 DEG C of temperature was raised to by the 15th day, and rear temperature is slow
Slow variation, high temperature does not reach 24 DEG C, and is within first 9 days of test group the temperature rise period, and decomposed temperature rises to 25.2 from 11.4 DEG C
DEG C, constant temperature maintains higher temperature to contribute to the quick composting of maize straw at 24.5 DEG C or more within the 9th day to 24 days.
Cellulase activity result of variations：In 18 days of experiment, control group cellulase activity is continued for slowly rising, most
179U/g was risen at the 21st day eventually, and test group is most fast in the rising of preceding 9 days cellulase activities, reaches 162.3U/ at the 9th day
G slowly rises after the 9th day, and 226.8U/g was risen at the 18th day, and either the speed or enzyme activity of enzyme activity rising is exhausted
To value, experimental group is significantly better than that control group, illustrates the decomposed significant effect of product of the present invention.
The variation of decomposition rate：Decomposed stalk was sampled in 30th day.Sample utilizes mistake through clean, 80 DEG C of drying after sampling
Weight method measures straw decomposition rate, straw decomposition rate (%)=(former stalk weight-stalk residual quantity)/original stalk weight × 100.At control
For straw decomposing rate up to 58.1%, sprinkling wood vinegar up to 70.9%, puies forward the straw decomposition rate of maize straw than control treatment in reason
It is high by 10.8%.
Demonstration test 1
Step 1：Wheat stalk after combining is uniformly spread to field：
Step 2：It takes wood vinegar to dilute 300 times, even stalk surface is sprayed to according to wood vinegar stoste 1L/ is per mu；
Step 3：According to 5Kg/ mus of urea and 0.5Kg/ mus of mixings of microorganism-decomposing agent, spread fertilizer over the fields to field；
Step 4：Rotary cultivator is below crop material conpound salto to soil horizon；
Step 5：After 30 days.5-20cm layers of sampling of soil, measure index of correlation.
Interpretation of result：
Compared with singly applying microorganism-decomposing agent, straw-returning processing soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and the speed of wood vinegar are sprayed
Effect potassium content increases separately 17.4%, 40.5% and 12.4%, and active organic carbon in soil, active organic carbon are efficient and soluble
Organic carbon increases separately 12.0%, 9.5% and 51.3%.
Demonstration test 2
Step 1：Wheat stalk after combining is uniformly spread to field：
Step 2：It takes wood vinegar to dilute 250 times, even stalk surface is sprayed to according to wood vinegar stoste 0.5L/ is per mu；
Step 3：10Kg/ mus of urea and 0.5Kg/ mus of mixings of microorganism-decomposing agent are spread fertilizer over the fields to field；
Step 4：Rotary cultivator is below crop material conpound salto to soil horizon；
Step 5：After 30 days.5-20cm layers of sampling of soil, measure index of correlation.
Interpretation of result：
Compared with singly applying microorganism-decomposing agent, straw-returning processing soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and the speed of wood vinegar are sprayed
Effect potassium content increases separately 11.7%, 39.4% and 8.9%, and active organic carbon in soil, active organic carbon are efficient and soluble
Organic carbon increases separately 11.8%, 8.7% and 49.4%.
Demonstration test 3
Step 1：Wheat stalk after combining is uniformly spread to field：
Step 2：It takes wood vinegar to dilute 500 times, even stalk surface is sprayed to according to wood vinegar stoste 0.7L/ is per mu；
Step 3：8Kg/ mus of urea and 0.5Kg/ mus of mixings of microorganism-decomposing agent are spread fertilizer over the fields to field；
Step 4：Rotary cultivator is below crop material conpound salto to soil horizon；
Step 5：After 30 days.5-20cm layers of sampling of soil, measure index of correlation.
Interpretation of result：
Compared with singly applying microorganism-decomposing agent, straw-returning processing soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and the speed of wood vinegar are sprayed
Effect potassium content increases separately 13.9%, 35.1% and 11.6%, and active organic carbon in soil, active organic carbon are efficient and soluble
Organic carbon increases separately 12.3%, 9.1% and 50.3%.
Adding wood vinegar by result above analytic explanation has significantly microorganism-decomposing agent decomposition corn, wheat stalk
Facilitation.
The content that above example further illustrates the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the invention.Without departing substantially from
In the case of spirit of that invention and essence, to changing and replacing made by the method for the present invention, step or condition, the present invention is belonged to
Range.Unless otherwise specified, the conventional means that technological means used in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method promoting straw decomposing, which is characterized in that during carrying out decomposed processing to stalk, use micro- life
Wood vinegar is applied before object decomposing agent promotes straw decomposing.
2. the method according to claim 1 for promoting straw decomposing, which is characterized in that also applied during straw decomposing
Urea adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio.
3. the method according to claim 2 for promoting straw decomposing, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, it after crops stalk crushing, will be spread fertilizer over the fields after being mixed with wood vinegar uniformly to field；Alternatively, by crops stalk crushing
After spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly to field, then be uniformly spray applied wood vinegar；
S2, urea is uniformly applied, adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio；
S3, microorganism-decomposing agent is uniformly applied to field by commodity requirement；
S4, rotary cultivator rotary tillage make agricultural crop straw turn to upper soll layer or less.
4. the method according to claim 3 for promoting straw decomposing, which is characterized in that in the step S1, stalk crushes
Suitable length≤4cm afterwards；Wood vinegar is diluted 250-500 times, by stoste 0.5-1L/ even applications per mu.
5. the method according to claim 3 for promoting straw decomposing, which is characterized in that in the step S2, according to 5-
10kg/ even application urea per mu adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio to 35-40 to field:1.
6. the method according to claim 3 for promoting straw decomposing, which is characterized in that in the step S4, stalk is revolved
Turn to upper soll layer or less 5-20cm.
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Application publication date: 20181016 |