CN110291864A - A kind of Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot - Google Patents
A kind of Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot Download PDFInfo
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- CN110291864A CN110291864A CN201910702248.5A CN201910702248A CN110291864A CN 110291864 A CN110291864 A CN 110291864A CN 201910702248 A CN201910702248 A CN 201910702248A CN 110291864 A CN110291864 A CN 110291864A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement methods on the spot, are related to technical field of land improvement, this method are as follows: chopping and returning: uniformly shedding after crushing to stalk, returning to the field using rotary tillage or by the way of turning over；Site preparation: soaked field of pouring water, it is flat to paddy field beating, drag；Nitrogen Regulation: purity nitrogen is applied；Base manure application: stalk is reconciled into fertilizer and base manure is shed together, and rotary tillage；Top dressing: top dressing is applied respectively at period of seedling establishment and boot stage；Water management: using light irrigation, wet, the alternate water management mode of drying.Present invention combination rice straw crushes full dose mechanization returning to the field and fertilizer element regulation; improve stalk mineralising and nutrient releasing speed; to realization Baijiang soil total crop return; it improves soil fertility of paddy field, reduce fertilizer amount; it ensures national food security, agricultural wastes recycling and environmental protection is promoted to all have particularly significant meaning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, more particularly to a kind of returning to the field and the soil improvement on the spot of Straw manures
Method.
Background technique
Rice straw is a kind of important organic resource, organic-inorganic nutritional ingredient rich in.Straw-returning is straw
The important channel that stalk rationally utilizes, can not only solve presently, there are crop straw burning bring problem of environmental pollution, moreover it is possible to mention
High soil fertility of paddy field and rice yield improve Ecological Environment of Paddy Field quality.But after the how effective returning to the field of rice straw and returning to the field
Corresponding fertilizer practice is carried out, without reference to being currently mainly still according to tradition in previous document or relevant criterion material
Fertilising and empiric fertilization measure cause the problem that field effect is poor, fertilizer amount is high, yield fall is big.In particular for
Different types of paddy field soil, fertilization of rice are larger because soil characteristic difference has differences.Different Soil is due to its soil
Section is constituted, Fertility Characteristics have differences, the decomposition after straw-returning due to the entrance of exogenous organic matter material and in the soil
Process makes the utilization rate of Soil Nitrogen Supplying, Nutrient Transformation process and nitrogenous fertilizer that can all be affected, and then influences the fertility of rice
And yield.Therefore, fertilising will be premised on soil, and adaptation to local conditions formulates corresponding straw returning and fertilizing technology for soil characteristic
Standard, be how to solve rice straw returning to the field especially straw-returning after apply fertilizer chaotic, cause fertilizer loss, waste, it is low yield, low
One of technical problem of effect.
Baijiang soil is the main arable soil in Heilongjiang Province, is mainly distributed on Sanjiang Plain Region, the 25% of the area Zhan Gai area
More than, it is the main representative of Sanjiang Plain Region paddy field soil.Upper widely applied fertilizer application index is produced at present mainly to come
Fertilizer test data derived from various regions.As stalk prohibits the stringent implementation burnt and enabled in recent years, straw-returning area is in expand year by year, with
Toward fertilizer practice index cannot be suitble to the Rice Production under the conditions of straw-returning, blindly fertilising not only causes fertilizer to waste,
Even incur the underproduction.Therefore, propose that straw-returning corresponding fertilization technology is urgently solved in current agricultural production for different soils
Certainly the problem of.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement methods on the spot, can solve existing skill
The problem of art.
The present invention provides a kind of Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement methods on the spot, method includes the following steps:
Straw-returning the 1st year:
Chopping and returning: uniformly shedding after crushing to stalk, returning to the field using rotary tillage or by the way of turning over；
Site preparation: soaked field of pouring water, it is flat to paddy field beating, drag；
Nitrogen Regulation: purity nitrogen is applied；
Base manure application: stalk is reconciled into fertilizer and base manure is shed together, and rotary tillage；
Top dressing: top dressing is applied respectively at period of seedling establishment and boot stage；
Water management: using light irrigation, wet, the alternate water management mode of drying；
Straw-returning the 2nd year the step of includes the 1st year chopping and returning of straw-returning, site preparation, base manure application, top dressing and water
It is in charge of reason, straw-returning the 3rd year and later step are identical as the 2nd year.
When further, to straw chopping and returning, after being gathered in, crushed to stalk using the combine harvester of adaptation
Even to shed, crushing straw length is less than 10cm.
Further, water layer depth 3-5cm when site preparation, water layer are kept for 5-7 days.
Further, the purity nitrogen dosage applied when Nitrogen Regulation is 20kg/hm2。
Further, base manure includes purity nitrogen, pure phosphorus and pure potassium, and amount of application is respectively as follows: purity nitrogen 50kg/hm2, pure phosphorus 90kg/
hm2, pure potassium 40kg/hm2。
Further, stalk is reconciled to soil rotary tillage 1-2 times after fertilizer is applied with base manure, and rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm.
Further, the top dressing that period of seedling establishment applies is applied for 10-12 days after rice transplanting, and top dressing is purity nitrogen, amount of application 30kg/
hm2, the top dressing that boot stage applies is purity nitrogen and pure potassium, and amount of application is respectively 20kg/hm2And 40kg/hm2。
One of present invention Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot are related to rice straw and crush full dose machine
Tool returning to the field regulates and controls with Hefei element, improves stalk mineralising and nutrient releasing speed, to Baijiang soil total crop return is realized, improves
Soil fertility of paddy field reduces fertilizer amount, ensures national food security, and agricultural wastes recycling and environmental protection is promoted to have
There is particularly significant meaning.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, method includes the following steps:
Straw-returning the 1st year:
(1) it straw chopping and returning: using the harvesting of adaptation combine harvester, carries out stalk crushing and uniformly sheds, crush straw
Stalk length is less than 10cm or so；Rotary cultivator rotary tillage returning to the field or mouldboard plow turn over returning to the field.
(2) site preparation: soaked field of pouring water (3~5cm of water layer or so), and keep water layer 5~7 days.Be beaten with ground making of paddyfield machinery,
Drag is flat, reaches grogs and is uniformly dispersed, not open country；
(3) straw-returning Nitrogen Regulation: straw-returning need to adjust nitrogen, and cooperation total crop return need to apply purity nitrogen 20kg/
hm2；
(4) base manure is applied: application base manure purity nitrogen 50kg/hm2, pure phosphorus 90kg/hm2(P2O5), pure potassium (K2O)40kg/hm2,
By stalk reconcile fertilizer and base manure shed together ground screw in soil, rotary tillage 1 to 2 times (15~20cm of rotary tillage depth).
(5) top dressing: top dressing in two times, turn green tillering fertilizer and ear manuer；Tillering fertilizer of turning green imposes for 10 days after rice transplanting, imposes pure
Nitrogen 30kg/hm2, boot stage nitrogen topdressing 20kg/hm2With pure potassium (K2O)40kg/hm2。
(6) water management: water consumpation management is using light irrigation (3~5cm water layer), wet, drying alternative expression water management
Mode.
The continuous returning to the field of stalk the 2nd year:
(1), (2), (4), (5), (6) are consistent with the 1st year in the 2nd year main technical content of straw-returning, and (3) and the 1st year
It is inconsistent；It straw-returning the 2nd year, does not need cooperation straw-returning and adjusts nitrogen, cancel the operation of (3).Base manure applies purity nitrogen
50kg/hm2, pure phosphorus 90kg/hm2 (P2O5), pure potassium (K2O)40kg/hm2, by base manure shed ground screw in soil, rotary tillage 1 to 2 times
(15~20cm of rotary tillage depth).Top dressing and water management and the 1st year are all consistent.
The continuous returning to the field of stalk the 3rd year:
Straw-returning the 3rd year and later technology contents with the 2nd year unanimously, be all made of after returning to the field year after year the 3rd year fertilising and
Field management technology content.
The test process method of embodiment 1:
(1) place: land reclamation and cultivation general bureau, Heilongjiang Province build space branch office advance farm
(2) soil types: Baijiang soil
(3) basic fertility is horizontal: organic matter 37.17gkg-1, full nitrogen 1.43gkg-1, full phosphorus 0.49gkg-1, full potassium
14.9g·kg-1, mollic thickness 25.1cm.
(4) test group is arranged:
A group: returning to the field is not handled setting stalk, and fertilizing method applied fertilizer according to the embodiment of the present invention 1 the 1st year, each average annual consistent；
B group: straw-returning processing, fertilizing method applied fertilizer according to the embodiment of the present invention 1 the 1st year, each average annual consistent；
C group: straw-returning regulates and controls N fertilization, and fertilizing method is executed according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Obtain result:
(1) yield
Straw-returning adjusts N fertilization (C group) rice and increases production year after year, and yield is as shown in table 1, amount of increase in production 5.19%
~10.34%, reach cost-saving synergistic purpose.
Table 1 the 1st year and the 2nd annual output
Note: the letter in table 1 after data is significance analysis as a result, P < 0.05.
(2) soil fertility
The straw-returning soil organism and full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen are improved, and every fertility is as shown in table 2, and nitrogen processing is adjusted to have
Machine matter compares significant difference with not returning to the field.
The content of 2 organic matter of table, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
Note: the letter in table 2 after data is significance analysis as a result, P < 0.05.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, operate substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is to chase after
Steps are as follows: top dressing in two times for fertilizer, turn green tillering fertilizer and ear manuer；Tillering fertilizer of turning green imposes for 12 days after rice transplanting, nitrogen topdressing
30kg/hm2, boot stage nitrogen topdressing 20kg/hm2With pure potassium (K2O)40kg/hm2。
The test process method of embodiment 2:
(1) place: land reclamation and cultivation general bureau, Heilongjiang Province build space branch office Qinglongshan farm
(2) soil types: Baijiang soil
(3) basic fertility is horizontal: organic matter 36.80gkg-1, full nitrogen 1.40gkg-1, full phosphorus 0.32gkg-1, full potassium
20.6g·kg-1, mollic thickness 22.3cm.
(4) test group is arranged
D group: returning to the field is not handled setting stalk, and fertilizing method applied fertilizer according to the embodiment of the present invention 2 the 1st year, each average annual consistent；
E group: straw-returning processing, fertilizing method applied fertilizer according to the embodiment of the present invention 2 the 1st year, each average annual consistent；
F group: straw-returning regulates and controls N fertilization, and fertilizing method is executed according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Obtain result:
(1) yield
Straw-returning adjusts N fertilization (F group) rice and increases production year after year, and yield is as shown in table 3, amount of increase in production 5.69%
~11.03%, reach cost-saving synergistic purpose.
Table 3 the 1st year and the 2nd annual output
Note: the letter in table 3 after data is significance analysis as a result, P < 0.05.
(2) soil fertility
Straw-returning total soil nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen are improved, and every fertility is as shown in table 4, and nitrogen is adjusted to handle full nitrogen and returning to the field
Uncomfortable nitrogen and non-returning to the field compare significant difference；Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen compares significant difference with not returning to the field.
The content of 4 organic matter of table, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
Note: the letter in table 4 after data is significance analysis as a result, P < 0.05.
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it is created once a person skilled in the art knows basic
Property concept, then additional changes and modifications may be made to these embodiments.So it includes excellent that the following claims are intended to be interpreted as
It selects embodiment and falls into all change and modification of the scope of the invention.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
Mind and range.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention belongs to the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies
Within, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Straw manures returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
Straw-returning the 1st year:
Chopping and returning: uniformly shedding after crushing to stalk, returning to the field using rotary tillage or by the way of turning over；
Site preparation: soaked field of pouring water, it is flat to paddy field beating, drag；
Nitrogen Regulation: purity nitrogen is applied；
Base manure application: stalk is reconciled into fertilizer and base manure is shed together, and rotary tillage；
Top dressing: top dressing is applied respectively at period of seedling establishment and boot stage；
Water management: using light irrigation, wet, the alternate water management mode of drying；
Straw-returning the 2nd year the step of includes the 1st year chopping and returning of straw-returning, site preparation, base manure application, top dressing and moisture pipe
Reason, straw-returning the 3rd year and later step are identical as the 2nd year.
2. a kind of Straw manures as described in claim 1 returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, which is characterized in that stalk
It when chopping and returning, is uniformly shed after being gathered in, crushed to stalk using the combine harvester of adaptation, crushing straw length is less than
10cm。
3. a kind of Straw manures as described in claim 1 returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, which is characterized in that when site preparation
Water layer depth 3-5cm, water layer are kept for 5-7 days.
4. a kind of Straw manures as described in claim 1 returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, which is characterized in that nitrogen tune
The purity nitrogen dosage applied when control is 20kg/hm2。
5. a kind of Straw manures as described in claim 1 returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, which is characterized in that base manure packet
Purity nitrogen, pure phosphorus and pure potassium are included, amount of application is respectively as follows: purity nitrogen 50kg/hm2, pure phosphorus 90kg/hm2, pure potassium 40kg/hm2。
6. a kind of Straw manures as claimed in claim 5 returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, which is characterized in that stalk tune
To soil rotary tillage 1-2 times after solution fertilizer and base manure application, rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm.
7. a kind of Straw manures as described in claim 1 returning to the field and soil improvement method on the spot, which is characterized in that period of seedling establishment
The top dressing of application is applied for 10-12 days after rice transplanting, and top dressing is purity nitrogen, amount of application 30kg/hm2, boot stage apply top dressing be
Purity nitrogen and pure potassium, amount of application are respectively 20kg/hm2And 40kg/hm2。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111066403A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-28 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Synchronous emission reduction CH4And N2O and method for improving soil fertility |
| CN112889606A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-04 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Rice straw full-amount direct returning cultivation method suitable for western Jilin area |
| CN114128433A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-04 | 松原市宁江区农业技术推广中心 | Method for integrating straw total returning and field management |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111066403A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-28 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Synchronous emission reduction CH4And N2O and method for improving soil fertility |
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| CN112889606A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-04 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Rice straw full-amount direct returning cultivation method suitable for western Jilin area |
| CN114128433A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-04 | 松原市宁江区农业技术推广中心 | Method for integrating straw total returning and field management |
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