CN104488394B - A kind of synthesis improvement method of salinized soil - Google Patents

A kind of synthesis improvement method of salinized soil Download PDF

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CN104488394B
CN104488394B CN201410682563.3A CN201410682563A CN104488394B CN 104488394 B CN104488394 B CN 104488394B CN 201410682563 A CN201410682563 A CN 201410682563A CN 104488394 B CN104488394 B CN 104488394B
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soil
slope
gentle slope
improvement method
salinized soil
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CN104488394A (en
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王胜
时彦平
尹金珠
荆瑞英
丁雪梅
吴伟斌
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Shandong Sunway Saline Alkali Soil Technology Co Ltd
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Shandong Sunway Garden Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil, comprises the steps: S1, fertilising;S2, whole: to mould an arc gentle slope every 5 10 meters, at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope between excavation have bright ditch;S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler;S4, sowing Suaeda salsa;S5, irrigation;S6, picked vegetable;S7, at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, remove plant after partial exfoliation.The salinized soil of beach saline land can be repaired by the present invention targetedly, shortens improvement time, and can produce economic benefit.

Description

A kind of synthesis improvement method of salinized soil
Technical field
The present invention relates to alkaline land improvement technical field, be specifically related to the synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil.
Background technology
Currently, constantly deteriorating and the irrational land development and utilization of people of ecological environment, cause the salt of soil Alkalization is on the rise, it has also become a global difficult problem, and soil salinization problem is that puzzlement world agriculture is raw The a great problem produced.How to develop saline and alkaline land resource, improve saline and alkaline soil using effect and caused people Great attention.
Due to the difference of the environmental factors such as salinized soil Distribution Area bioclimate, various places salinized soil area, salinization Degree and salt have been grouped into significantly different, are broadly divided into following several.
East marine solonchak and tidal land, including the Jiangsu to the north of entrance of Changjiang River, Shandong, Hebei, Zhu Sheng shore, Liaoning The marine solonchak that on the south sea salt soil and entrance of Changjiang River, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan etc. save.
The salinized soil of Huang-Huai-Hai plain, including Lower Reaches of The Yellow River, Haihe Plain, the Plain of Huanghua Area, ground is across Jing-jin-ji region Henan, Shandong and Wan Bei northern Suzhou are former.
The salinized soil of Northeast plain, is most with song-Nen plain.
Half unconcerned domestic land solonchak, including the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongol, Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia, Hexi Corridor In Gansu, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, china.
The unconcerned border solonchak of blue or green new extreme drought, including Tarim Basin In Xinjiang, Turpan Basin and Qaidam, Qinghai Basin.
The environment of each RS in Alkali Region is different, and the emphasis therefore administered is the most identical.With coastal semi-moist As a example by RS in Alkali Region (also known as beach saline land), the main feature of beach saline land: be containing more water-soluble Property salt or alkaline matter.Due to the accumulation of salinities a large amount of in soil, cause a series of soil physical property in salt-soda soil The deterioration of shape;Or clayey saline-alkali soil, its structure viscous, aeration is bad, and unit weight is high, and soil temperature rises slow, In soil, aerobic microorganism activity is poor, and nutrients release is slow, and infiltration coefficient is low, and capillarity is strong;Or Sandy saline-alkali soil, its field capacity and soil fertility are low, and it is the highest that salinity is extracted in soil saturation, and soil steams Sending out causes table earth salt segregation collection serious.
And the salinized soil of beach saline land exists and following repairs difficult point: 1) due to by seawater jacking with pour in down a chimney Impact, level of ground water is difficult to control;2) land is formed and the land reclamation age is short, and soil alkaline degree is serious; 3) Pedotransfer function is serious;4) lacking freshwater resources, the row's of flushing brine source is not enough;5) soil is dived Educating effect is strong, and water physics proterties is severe;6) soil is less rich in nutrient, and organic fertilizer resource is not enough.
Patent " the side of a kind of planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area of Publication No. 102388730A Method ", but, this method is not suitable for the salinized soil reparation to beach saline land, is primarily due to drip irrigation salt Make this run off the most therewith with regard to barren soil nutrient while walking with water, and do not carry out nutrient and supplement;" pipe A line ", drip irrigation pipe consumption is big, there is the wasting of resources;Do not carry out vegetables harvesting, do not produce economic benefit.
Application number 201310407151.4, entitled " one is accelerated strand barged-in fill nature desalination speed and carries The method rising soil quality " patent, be provided with the gradient wholely, but the uncombined micro-spray of drip irrigation etc. comprehensively change Good, improvement time is longer.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide the synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil, and it can pin The salinized soil to beach saline land of property is repaired, shortens improvement time, and economic effect can be produced Benefit, thus eliminate defect in above-mentioned background technology.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that
The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil, comprises the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 200-300kg;
S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon.An arc gentle slope is moulded every 5-10 rice, The gradient is 1-6%, at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope between excavation have bright ditch, furrow width 0.5-1 rice, the degree of depth 0.3-0.5 rice, bright ditch head fall 0.5-3%, in order to salt solution is discharged;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, radius of spray 0.1-1.5 Rice (adjusts according to pressure), then carries out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, with kind of a 0.75-2kg, uniform broadcasting, avoid institute for every mu The top, slope stating arc gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler and irrigate, irrigate for the first time, water after three days second time permeable, Watering after seven days the 3rd time, backsight soil dry humidity carries out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that tender tip length is gathered to 20-25cm, stay 2-5 sheet true leaf to cut the tip, plucks Spray foliage fertilizer after 7-10 days, promote that its branch is nourished and grown, carry out when branch tender tip length is to 15-20cm Again pluck, until before buddingging;
S7, at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, remove plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away Salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.
As the technical scheme of a kind of improvement, in described step S1, organic mineral fertilizer composition is: humic acid 10-20 Weight portion, chicken manure 100-120 weight portion, calcium superphosphate 20-25 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 15-20 weight portion.
As the technical scheme of a kind of improvement, in described step S4, holding soil moisture is 60-70%, i.e. soil Earth water content is 60-70%.
As the technical scheme of a kind of improvement, in described step S4, foliage fertilizer is urea.
As the technical scheme of a kind of improvement, in described step S4, within 1 year, pluck 3-5 time.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
First salt-soda soil is arranged by the present invention, digs low raising, moulds an arc gentle slope every 6-10 rice, The gradient is 1-6%, at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope between excavation have bright ditch, furrow width 0.5-1 rice, the degree of depth 0.3-0.5 rice, bright ditch head fall 0.5-3%.Landform after arrangement is very suitable for the reality of beach saline land Border situation, can meet the requirement of Suaeda salsa growth, it is possible to utilize the effect of physical features by the brightest for salinity leaching Ditch is discharged, and meanwhile, decreases the consumption rotating mini sprinkler, shortens the repair time of salinized soil, results Suaeda salsa vegetables, create bigger economic benefit.
The present invention pushes up to lay in the slope on arc gentle slope and rotates mini sprinkler, radius of spray 0.1-1.5 rice.Through sending out Person of good sense's test repeatedly finds, the rotation mini sprinkler under the conditions of being somebody's turn to do can cover whole arc gentle slopes.Change Traditional " a pipe a line " paving mode, not only reduces the consumption rotating mini sprinkler, and uses slope to push up Lay and rotate mini sprinkler mode, irrigation water can be formed the trend of flow down, be beneficial in salinized soil Salinity is taken away.
The present invention is directed to the particularity of beach saline land salinized soil, in combination with above-mentioned to salt-soda soil arrange after Physical features, selects plantation Suaeda salsa.It is known that, it is possible to the plant carrying out planting in salt-soda soil is multiple many Sample, inventor has been also carried out substantial amounts of test, have finally chosen Suaeda salsa.
This is because Suaeda salsa is as typical salt-dilution halophyte, there is substantial amounts of nature at beach saline land Distribution, through the Integrated comparative with other halophytes (Herba Atriplicis centralasiaticae, Kochia sieversiana, arrow-leaved oleaster, Chinese tamarisk etc.), Its polysalt ability is relatively strong, and tender leaf can be as organic vegetable, and not only improvement salinized soil effect is notable, and produces Give birth to considerable economic benefit.
The present invention has specific requirement to Suaeda salsa planting process, such as, sow the previous moon, execute for every mu With the organic mineral fertilizer of 200-300kg, composition is: humic acid 10-20 weight portion, chicken manure 100-120 weight Amount part, calcium superphosphate 20-25 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 15-20 weight portion, this can tentatively improve strand salt The environment of alkali ground salinized soil, is greatly improved the survival rate of Suaeda salsa sowing.Rotation mini sprinkler is utilized to fill Irrigate, irrigate and require the strictest, irrigate for the first time, water after three days second time permeable, water the 3rd after seven days Time, and by the humid control of soil at 60-70%, this is because, inventor is in practice, it has been found that work as and use During above scheme, arc gentle slope does not haves seeping phenomenon, also is able to the salt that will dissolve to greatest extent simultaneously Divide and take away, it is often more important that, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa and growing state are optimum.
The present invention gathers to 20-25cm in Suaeda salsa tender tip length, stays 2-5 sheet true leaf to cut the tip, plucks Spray foliage fertilizer after 7-10 days, promote that it is nourished and grown, create economic benefit.Meanwhile, at the beginning of 11 months, Plant to be planted seed maturity, removes plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away salinity, results seed, and can save again The coming year is sowed.This step is the most crucial, particularly with the salt-soda soil of transformation coastal region.Because inventor exists Long-term practice finds, if the plant of Suaeda salsa is not processed, it is easy to cause coastal region Salt-soda soil occur that saline and alkaline strengthens further, the difficulty of process can be increased.
In sum, the salinized soil of beach saline land can be repaired by the present invention targetedly, and shortening changes The good time, and economic benefit can be produced.
Detailed description of the invention
For the technological means making the present invention realize, creation characteristic, reach purpose and be easy to understand with effect, Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil, comprises the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 200kg, organic mineral fertilizer composition is: humic acid 10 Weight portion, chicken manure 100 weight portion, calcium superphosphate 20 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 15 weight portion;
S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon.An arc gentle slope is moulded every 5 meters, The gradient is 1%, at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope between excavation have bright ditch, furrow width 0.5 meter, the degree of depth 0.3 Rice, bright ditch head fall 0.5%, in order to salt solution is discharged;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, adjusts injection according to pressure Radius is 0.1 meter, then carries out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, with kind of a 0.75kg, uniform broadcasting, avoid described for every mu The top, slope on arc gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler and irrigate, irrigate for the first time, water after three days second time permeable, Watering after seven days the 3rd time, keeping soil moisture is 60%, carries out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that tender tip length is gathered to 20cm, stay 2-5 sheet true leaf to cut the tip, pluck 7 days After spray urea, promote that its branch is nourished and grown, again pluck when branch tender tip length is to 15cm, one Year plucks 5 times, until before buddingging;
S7, at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, remove plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away Salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.
The present embodiment shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, and soil physico-chemical property is improved, and pH is equal Value is reduced to 7.8 by 8.8 before transforming, and soil salt content is reduced to 0.31% by 0.65% before transforming, soil Unit weight is reduced to 1.15 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon disappears the most substantially, fertile soil, not plate Knot, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 80%.
Embodiment 2
The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil, comprises the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 250kg, humic acid 15 weight portion, chicken manure 110 weight Amount part, calcium superphosphate 23 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 18 weight portion;
S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon.An arc gentle slope is moulded every 8 meters, The gradient is 4%, at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope between excavation have bright ditch, furrow width 0.8 meter, the degree of depth 0.4 Rice, bright ditch head fall 1.5%, in order to salt solution is discharged;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, radius of spray 1.0 meters, Then carry out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, with kind of a 1.3kg, uniform broadcasting, avoid described arc for every mu The top, slope on shape gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler and irrigate, irrigate for the first time, water after three days second time permeable, Watering after seven days the 3rd time, keeping soil moisture is 65%, carries out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that tender tip length is gathered to 23cm, stay 4 true leaves to cut the tip, after plucking 8 days Spray urea, promote that its branch is nourished and grown, again pluck when branch tender tip length is to 18cm, 1 year Pluck 4 times, until before buddingging;
S7, at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, remove plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away Salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.
The present embodiment shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, and soil physico-chemical property is improved, and pH is equal Value is reduced to 7.6 by 8.8 before transforming, and soil salt content is reduced to 0.28% by 0.65% before transforming, soil Unit weight is reduced to 1.1 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon disappears the most substantially, fertile soil, not plate Knot, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 90%.
Embodiment 3
The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil, comprises the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 300kg, humic acid 20 weight portion, chicken manure 120 weight Amount part, calcium superphosphate 25 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 20 weight portion;
S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon.An arc gentle slope is moulded every 10 meters, The gradient is 6%, at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope between excavation have a bright ditch, furrow width 1 meter, the degree of depth 0.5 meter, Bright ditch head fall 3%, in order to salt solution is discharged;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, adjusts injection according to pressure Radius, at 0.1-1.5 rice, then carries out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, with kind of a 2kg, uniform broadcasting, avoid described arc for every mu The top, slope on gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler and irrigate, irrigate for the first time, water after three days second time permeable, Watering after seven days the 3rd time, keeping soil moisture is 70%, carries out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that tender tip length is gathered to 25cm, stay 5 true leaves to cut the tip, pluck 10 days After spray urea, promote that its branch is nourished and grown, again pluck when branch tender tip length is to 20cm, one Year plucks about 3 times, until before buddingging;
S7, at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, remove plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away Salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.
The present embodiment shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, and soil physico-chemical property is improved, and pH is equal Value is reduced to 7.6 by 8.8 before transforming, and soil salt content is reduced to 0.30% by 0.65% before transforming, soil Unit weight is reduced to 1.0 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon disappears the most substantially, fertile soil, not plate Knot, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 87%.
Comparative example 1
Patent " a kind of planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area according to Publication No. 102388730A Method "
A, selection of land, whole
Experimental field select Weifang beach saline land, carry out before sowing ploughing, harrowing operation, make topsoil smooth carefully Broken;
B, drip irrigation zone are laid
" a pipe a line " mode of employing, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.6m, drip emitter are laid in hollow billet drip irrigation zone Flow-control is at 1L/h;
C, sowing
Sowing time selects at the beginning of late April to 5 month, and planting patterns is drilling, is mixed by Suaeda salsa seed Fine sand and water are mixed to shot, plant in hollow billet two side areas, distance 10cm, form the wide seeding belt of 20cm, Application rate controls at 22.5kg/hm2
D, irrigation
Carrying out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, each irrigation degree with adjacent capillary watering wetted perimeter overlap is Only, total irrigation norm 4935m in the time of infertility3/hm2, germination period drip irrigation is relatively frequent, is spaced and drips once in 1 day, Drip irrigation amount 180m every time3/hm2, dripping after 4 times, enter seedling growth stage, Seedling Stage extends the drip irrigation time Interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m3/hm2, after Seedling Stage, Suaeda salsa saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, drip irrigation interval The most gradually extend.
The present embodiment shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, and soil physico-chemical property is improved, and pH is equal Value is reduced to 8.1 by 8.8 before transforming, and soil salt content is reduced to 0.38% by 0.65% before transforming, soil Unit weight is reduced to 1.44 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon disappears the most substantially, and soil fertility is not enough, Still having the phenomenon that hardens, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 48%.
Comparative example 2
According to application number 201310407151.4, entitled " a kind of quickening strand barged-in fill nature desalination speed With the method promoting soil quality ", step is:;By the way of pad is filled out in two ends excavation, centre, artificially mould Make typical case's mima type microrelief, hydraulic reclamation < 1 year, 8% < gradient < 13%, hydraulic reclamation 2-3,6% < gradient < 10%; By 12-15g/m2Amount, mixes thoroughly by fluffy for alkali seed with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves, broadcasts sowing.
This comparative example shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, and soil physico-chemical property is improved, PH average is reduced to 8.5 by 8.8 before transforming, and soil salt content is reduced to 0.40% by 0.65% before transforming, The soil weight is reduced to 1.46 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon disappears the most substantially, and soil fertility is not Foot, still has the phenomenon that hardens, and the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 42%.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, and all technology based on the present invention are conceived, done Structure on improvement, each fall among protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the synthesis improvement method of a salinized soil, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 200-300kg;
It is S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon, mould an arc gentle slope every 5-10 rice, The gradient is 1-4%, at the bottom of the slope on adjacent described arc gentle slope between excavation have a bright ditch, furrow width 0.5-1 rice, deeply Degree 0.3-0.5 rice, bright ditch head fall 0.5-3%;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, radius of spray 0.1-1.5 Rice, then carries out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, with kind of a 0.75-2kg, uniform broadcasting, avoid institute for every mu The top, slope stating arc gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler and irrigate, irrigate for the first time, water after three days second time permeable, Watering after seven days the 3rd time, backsight soil dry humidity carries out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that tender tip length is gathered to 20-25cm, stay 2-5 sheet true leaf to cut the tip, plucks Spray foliage fertilizer after 7-10 days, again pluck when branch tender tip length is to 15-20cm, until before buddingging;
S7, at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, remove plant after partial exfoliation.
The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step S1 In, organic mineral fertilizer composition is: humic acid 10-20 weight portion, chicken manure 100-120 weight portion, crosses phosphorus Acid calcium 20-25 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 15-20 weight portion.
The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step S5 In, holding soil moisture is 60-70%.
The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step S6 In, foliage fertilizer is urea.
The synthesis improvement method of a kind of salinized soil the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step S6 In, within 1 year, pluck 3-5 time.
CN201410682563.3A 2014-11-24 2014-11-24 A kind of synthesis improvement method of salinized soil Expired - Fee Related CN104488394B (en)

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