CN110915559A - Method for quickly forming lotus pond in soda saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for quickly forming lotus pond in soda saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915559A CN110915559A CN201911035618.0A CN201911035618A CN110915559A CN 110915559 A CN110915559 A CN 110915559A CN 201911035618 A CN201911035618 A CN 201911035618A CN 110915559 A CN110915559 A CN 110915559A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly forming a pond by using lotus in a soda saline-alkali soil, belongs to the field of vegetation recovery, and relates to a method for quickly forming a pond by using the lotus. The method aims to solve the technical problems of high cost and complex operation of the existing saline-alkali soil lotus pond forming method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, building a lotus pool habitat: mixing excrement and sand, spreading at the bottom of the lotus pool with a filling thickness of 20cm, then irrigating and soaking the field, and keeping the water level at 8-12cm after irrigating and draining for 2 times; II, transplanting the lotus roots: obliquely inserting one end with buds of the lotus roots into the mud, wherein the included angle between the lotus roots and the bottom of the lotus pool is 45 degrees, the tail parts of the lotus roots leak out of the water surface, the transplanting interval is 2 meters, and the lotus roots are transplanted from the center of the lotus pool to the periphery; and thirdly, managing the lotus pool, and mainly controlling weeds and water level to finish the rapid pond formation of the lotus in the soda saline-alkali soil. The method adopts transplanting of the lotus roots in parts, does not need soil dressing, does not limit the pH condition, is simple and easy to implement and has high transplanting speed. And after the lotus seeds are transplanted in the current year, the lotus flowers are opened in a large number, the lotus seeds are full and active, and the yield is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vegetation restoration, and relates to a method for quickly forming a pond by using lotus.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is one of the national soil resource types in China and is widely distributed in northern areas. Due to climate change and human activity interference, saline-alkali wetland and grassland ecosystems are degraded, and the area of saline-alkali land is continuously increased in recent years. The soda salt has an inhibitory effect on plant growth, so that the utilization of saline-alkali soil is limited. The national and local governments implement a long-acting water replenishing mechanism aiming at wetland ecological restoration, for example, the tender plain wetland ecological restoration project comprises a water diversion project, a water storage project and a water drainage project, and the wetland restoration is brought into a river and lake communication project, so that the restoration process of saline-alkali soil to the saline-alkali wetland is promoted. For moderately severely degraded saline-alkali swamps, the vegetation coverage rate is low, local aquatic plants are scientifically introduced, and the increase of the ecological and economic benefits of the saline-alkali wetland is a main target of wetland restoration.
The lotus is a perennial root shallow aquatic plant of the genus nelumbo of the family Nymphaeaceae, is native to the south of China, is widely introduced to the northeast for planting at present, grows well, and forms a linked wetland landscape. The lotus is used as one kind of wetland landscape, and lotus seed, lotus root and ornamental lotus are harvested as main ecological and economic benefits. The lotus can be transplanted in the soda saline-alkali soil by adopting a lotus root and lotus seed cultivation method, and either mode needs to add black soil mixed with fertilizer in a pond in advance or move the black soil into river silt, so that the smooth colonization and growth of the lotus can be ensured. Habitat pH and nutrient conditions are the limiting conditions for lotus to pond. Lotus seeds are adopted for cultivation, and a large number of plants can be grown into ponds in the current year but cannot bloom. The traditional method for introducing lotus roots into saline-alkali soil by utilizing lotus roots needs to select a place with low salinity and alkalinity, or add black soil or river sludge mixed with fertilizer at the bottom of a pool to reduce the pH value of the soil and increase the nutritional conditions, but the black soil and the river sludge around the saline-alkali soil are difficult to find, the excavation and filling costs are high, and the traditional method is not suitable for large-area use. In the traditional transplanting mode, lotus root buds need to be horizontally planted in underwater soil, the buds face upwards, and the soil is covered for 3-5cm, so that the operation is complex. The saline-alkali soil is rich in sandy soil and ruminants such as horses, cattle, manure and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high cost and complex operation of the existing method for forming the lotus pond in the saline-alkali soil, and provides a method for quickly forming the lotus pond in the soda saline-alkali soil.
The method for quickly forming the lotus pond in the soda saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
firstly, building a lotus pool habitat:
mixing excrement and sandy soil according to the volume ratio of 1-2: 4, and then paving the mixture at the bottom of the lotus pond, wherein the filling thickness is 20 cm; or spreading feces at the bottom of the lotus pool, mechanically stirring and mixing 20cm of saline-alkali soil and feces on the surface layer of the lotus pool bottom, irrigating and soaking for 2-4 weeks, irrigating and draining water for 2 times, and maintaining the water level at 8-12cm before transplanting lotus roots;
II, transplanting the lotus roots:
obliquely inserting one end with buds of the lotus roots into the mud, wherein the included angle between the lotus roots and the bottom of the lotus pool is 45 degrees, the tail parts of the lotus roots are exposed out of the water surface, the transplanting distance is 2 meters, and the lotus roots are transplanted from the center of the lotus pool to the periphery;
thirdly, managing the lotus pool:
and (3) fertilizer management and weed management, wherein a deep water level with the height of 1m is reserved before the lotus roots enter the winter to ensure that the lotus roots live through the winter, and thus the rapid pond formation of the lotus flowers in the soda saline-alkali soil is completed.
In the step one, the excrement is excrement of ruminants.
In the step one, the excrement is horse manure.
In the second step, the lotus variety with the lotus root buds is northern red lotus, or exquisite lotus American goldthread, crystal, Guangyang palace, fingered citron kwan-yin and flute girls.
The fertilizer management in the third step is as follows:
when the lotus leaves are green or dark green, additional fertilizer is not needed; when the color of the lotus leaves is yellow green, a small amount of inorganic fertilizer can be applied.
The weed management in step three is:
and removing emergent aquatic vegetation bulrush in an underwater mowing mode.
The normal lotus root breeding is to extend transversely in the mud, when digging up the transplanting material with lotus root buds, usually to carry one lotus root bud for one section, so that the other end except the lotus root bud end is provided with an eyelet gap structure. When the lotus root sprout cultivation device is used for transplanting lotus roots, the included angle between the lotus roots and the bottom of a lotus pond is 45 degrees, one end with sprouts is inserted into mud, and the other end without the sprouts is exposed out of the water surface, so that the lotus root sprouts are promoted to grow vertically upwards, and meanwhile, the lotus root sprouts are prevented from being watered from holes to influence the survival of the lotus root sprouts and influence the pond forming effect and the growth speed. Because the edge water level of the lotus pool is relatively low, when the water level of the center of the pool is 10cm, the water level of the periphery of the lotus pool is possibly 0cm or below, weeds are easy to grow and not easy to eradicate, lotus root buds are not beneficial to growth and propagation, and the transplanting mode of diffusing from the center to the periphery can avoid the part close to the edge of the lotus pool, so that the pond formation is promoted and the management is convenient.
The method of the invention uses local materials according to local conditions, and uses the excrement of ruminants such as cattle, sheep and the like and sandy soil to build a habitat suitable for the growth of the lotus.
The method adopts transplanting of the lotus roots in parts, does not need soil dressing, does not limit the pH condition, is simple and easy to implement and has high transplanting speed. And after the lotus seeds are transplanted in the current year, the lotus flowers are opened in a large number, the lotus seeds are full and active, and the yield is high.
The method is simple and easy to operate and popularize, and can be used for quickly repairing the lotus landscape in the saline-alkali soil environment. The method can reduce the steps of lotus pond formation in soda saline-alkali soil and save the cost.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for quickly forming the lotus pond in the soda saline-alkali soil of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, building a lotus pool habitat:
mixing excrement and sandy soil according to the volume ratio of 1-2: 4, and then paving the mixture at the bottom of the lotus pond, wherein the filling thickness is 20 cm; or spreading feces at the bottom of the lotus pool, mechanically stirring and mixing 20cm of saline-alkali soil and feces on the surface layer of the lotus pool bottom, irrigating and soaking for 2-4 weeks, irrigating and draining water for 2 times, and maintaining the water level at 8-12cm before transplanting lotus roots;
II, transplanting the lotus roots:
obliquely inserting one end with buds of the lotus roots into the mud, wherein the included angle between the lotus roots and the bottom of the lotus pool is 45 degrees, the tail parts of the lotus roots are exposed out of the water surface, the transplanting distance is 2 meters, and the lotus roots are transplanted from the center of the lotus pool to the periphery;
thirdly, managing the lotus pool:
and (3) fertilizer management and weed management, wherein a deep water level with the height of 1m is reserved before the lotus roots enter the winter to ensure that the lotus roots live through the winter, and thus the rapid pond formation of the lotus flowers in the soda saline-alkali soil is completed.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that after water is poured and drained for 2 times in the first step, the water level is kept at 10cm before lotus roots are transplanted. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first or second embodiment is that the feces in the first step is feces of a ruminant. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that the feces in the first step is horse dung. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to the fourth embodiments is that in the step one, excrement with the thickness of 5-10cm is directly paved at the bottom of the lotus pool. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the lotus variety with lotus roots in the second step is northern red lotus, or top-quality lotus American goldthread, crystal, Guanhan palace, fingered citron kwan-yin and flute girls. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is that the fertilizer management in step three is:
when the lotus leaves are green or dark green, additional fertilizer is not needed; when the color of the lotus leaves is yellow green, a small amount of inorganic fertilizer can be applied. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: this embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that the weed management in step three is:
aquatic vegetation is removed by mowing. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
experiment one:
target area of the experiment: in the national wetland park with the lotus pool area of 2000m2The soil is soda saline-alkali soil.
The experiment was carried out by the following steps:
firstly, building a lotus pool habitat:
the water level and pH condition are the key conditions for transplanting the lotus. The traditional method for introducing the lotus into the saline-alkali soil needs to select a place with low salinity and alkalinity, or add black soil or river sludge mixed with fertilizer at the bottom of a pool to reduce the pH value of the soil and increase the nutrition conditions, but the black soil and the river sludge around the saline-alkali soil are difficult to find, and the excavating and filling cost is high, so that the traditional method is not suitable for large-area use.
The cattle heart sleeve protection national wetland park is provided with a large amount of saline-alkali soil, a large amount of aeolian sandy soil is arranged on the forest slope, and a horse yard is arranged near a village, so that the method is suitable according to local conditions and locally uses raw materials, horse dung and aeolian sandy soil are collected in the middle ten days of 2019 in the 4 th month, and are paved on the bottom of a lotus pool (the waste lotus pool due to poor management), and the filling thickness is ensured to be 20cm after stirring. Then irrigating and soaking the field to the bottom of 4 months, draining for 2 times, and keeping the water level for 10cm after irrigating and draining for 2 times.
II, transplanting the lotus roots: the water level of the lotus pool is kept at 10cm, and the number of the purchased 6 lotus roots with buds is 250 in 2019 in 4 months and 30 in total, wherein the number of northern red lotus is 100, and the number of other 5 exquisite lotus is 30 respectively. One end of lotus roots with buds is obliquely inserted into the mud, wherein the included angle between the lotus roots and the bottom of the lotus pool is 45 degrees, the tail of the lotus roots is exposed out of the water surface, the transplanting interval is 2 meters, and the lotus roots are transplanted from the center of the lotus pool to the periphery (when the lotus roots are transplanted at the bottom of 4 months, if the water level of the center of the pool is 10cm, the water level of the periphery of the lotus pool is 0cm or below, weeds are easy to grow and not easy to eradicate, and the lotus roots are not beneficial to growing and propagating.
Thirdly, fertilizer management: the lotus leaves are observed to be green, and the nutrition condition is good, so the experiment is at 2000m2The lotus pool of (1) is added with 5kg of inorganic material in the middle of 6 monthsFertilizers (N-P-K each 15).
Water level management: increasing with the growth of lotus stalks, if there is no natural rainfall, supplementing water once every two weeks for irrigation with well water. The water level is kept 1m high before entering the winter to ensure that the lotus roots live through the winter.
Managing weeds: the bulrush is the main aquatic vegetation influencing the growth of the lotus, and the grass is manually mowed 5 times below the water surface during the management period.
The results of the growth survey of 6 transplanted varieties of lotus in mid-9 th of 2019 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 growth survey of different lotus species
According to the results of the first experiment, the method for quickly forming the lotus into the pond in the soda saline-alkali soil is constructed by the first experiment, the transplanted lotus in the current year is bright in color and long in flowering period, can bloom from the beginning of 7 months to the middle and late ten days of 9 months, and is high in lotus seed setting rate and high in yield. Therefore, the method for quickly forming the lotus pond in the soda saline-alkali soil is feasible, and a simple and easy effective way is provided for quickly restoring the lotus landscape in the soda saline-alkali soil.
Claims (8)
1. The method for quickly forming the pond by using the lotus in the soda saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, building a lotus pool habitat:
mixing excrement and sandy soil according to the volume ratio of 1-2: 4, and then paving the mixture at the bottom of the lotus pond, wherein the filling thickness is 20 cm; or spreading feces at the bottom of the lotus pool, mechanically stirring and mixing 20cm of saline-alkali soil and feces on the surface layer of the lotus pool bottom, irrigating and soaking for 2-4 weeks, irrigating and draining water for 2 times, and maintaining the water level at 8-12cm before transplanting lotus roots;
II, transplanting the lotus roots:
obliquely inserting one end with buds of the lotus roots into the mud, wherein the included angle between the lotus roots and the bottom of the lotus pool is 45 degrees, the tail parts of the lotus roots are exposed out of the water surface, the transplanting distance is 2 meters, and the lotus roots are transplanted from the center of the lotus pool to the periphery;
thirdly, managing the lotus pool:
and (3) fertilizer management and weed management, wherein a deep water level with the height of 1m is reserved before the lotus roots enter the winter to ensure that the lotus roots live through the winter, and thus the rapid pond formation of the lotus flowers in the soda saline-alkali soil is completed.
2. The method for quickly forming the pond by the lotus flowers in the soda saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the water level is kept at 10cm before the lotus roots are transplanted after the water is poured and drained for 2 times in the step one.
3. The method for lotus to rapidly pond in soda saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the excrement in the first step is excrement of ruminant.
4. The method for rapidly forming the pond by the lotus in the soda saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the excrement in the step one is horse dung.
5. The method for quickly forming the pond by the lotus in the soda saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that excrement with the thickness of 5-10cm is paved at the bottom of the lotus pond in the step one.
6. The method for quickly forming the pond by using the soda saline-alkali soil lotus flowers according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the lotus flower variety with the lotus roots is northern red lotus, or fine lotus American goldthread, crystal-clear, Guangdong, fingered citron kwan-yin and flute girls.
7. The method for lotus fast pond forming in soda saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer management in step three is as follows:
when the lotus leaves are green or dark green, additional fertilizer is not needed; when the color of the lotus leaves is yellow green, a small amount of inorganic fertilizer can be applied.
8. The method for lotus fast pond forming in soda saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the weed management in step three is:
and removing emergent aquatic vegetation bulrush in an underwater mowing mode.
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| CN111758522A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-13 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for quickly constructing lotus landscape on mudflat wetland |
| CN112237069A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-19 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for transforming soda saline-alkali land waste fishpond into cattail wetland |
| CN114246150A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-03-29 | 怀化市大丰源生态农业开发股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional breeding method for lotus and crayfish |
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Cited By (3)
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