CN101507402B - Drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land - Google Patents
Drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN101507402B CN101507402B CN200910074072XA CN200910074072A CN101507402B CN 101507402 B CN101507402 B CN 101507402B CN 200910074072X A CN200910074072X A CN 200910074072XA CN 200910074072 A CN200910074072 A CN 200910074072A CN 101507402 B CN101507402 B CN 101507402B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating trees in heavy degree saline and alkaline land through dripping irrigation, which comprises ridging, planting and irrigation management. The method comprises: A, a step of manual ridging, in which the ridge height is 60 centimeters, the width of ridge top is 60 centimeters, and the ridge spacing is 300 centimeters, and the plant spacing is 200 centimeters; B, a step of planting, in which holes with a diameter of between 30 and 50 centimeters and a depth of between 30 and 50 centimeters are dug in the planting process, non-saline and alkaline soil dressing is filled in the holes after saplings are planted and fixed in the holes, and films are covered on the land; C, a step of drip irrigation zone setting, in which the center of each ridge is provided with a single-ridge single-strip drip irrigation zone and the drop spacing is 10 to 50 centimeters; and D, a step of drip irrigation, in which the land is irrigated initially on the same day of planting, the amount of water used for irrigation is four times of that of water used for daily irrigation, after that the land is irrigated one every other 1 to 2 days, with 4 to 5 millimeters of water each time. The method adopts ground irrigation and tree root soil replacement, and forms desalting areas at the root parts of the trees and ensures the normal growth of the trees. The method solves the problem that the soil structure of the saline and alkaline soil with a high sodium ion content is damaged after leaching, keeps the good soil structure of soil dressing during salt leaching and provides a good growing environment for the trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land, belong to the saline land and administer and the planting technology field.
Background technology
The saline land is the important land resources that agricultural development utilizes.According to China's soil survey information second time, nearly 100,000,000 hm of China's saline land resource area
2, about 0.37 hundred million hm of wherein modern saline-alkali soil area
2, about 0.42 hundred million hm of remaining saline soil
2, about 0.17 hundred million hm of potential saline soil
2Saline-alkali soil causes plant growing difficulty on the saline land because of containing the growth generation inhibitory action of the excessive and bad soil property of excessive salinity, noxious material and basicity to plant, forms the large tracts of land saline-alkali wasteland, and ecotope is abominable.But along with the minimizing day by day that can utilize land resources, the saline land is as a kind of land resources of preciousness, its development and use and be modified to source for important utilized soil.
The salt content on heavy salinized ground surpasses 6/1000ths, and plant is difficult to growth even forms " barren land ", and its main cause is that plant roots district scope soil salt has influenced its normal growth at aspects such as infiltration, ion murders by poisoning.Therefore, exploitation saline-land vegetable planting and trees must reduce plant roots district soil salt content, in the sustainable scope of salt content controlling plant as far as possible.At present, the method for controlling soil salt usually is with certain water yield soil to be carried out drip washing, but for the high saline-alkali soil of sodium ions content, carry out salinity drip washing after, when salt content reduced, soil structure was destroyed, not water flowing of stuffiness, plant is difficult to survive.Other carry out the method for saline land chemical modifying in addition, add the chemical improvement agent instant effect, but introduce ion easily, make that salt content increases in the soil, the requirement of fund and technical elements in addition, and large tracts of land is implemented relatively difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The method that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heavy salinized ground drip-irrigation tree to plant, this method is fully used the characteristics to drip irrigation drip washing salinity, and in conjunction with the displacement root region soil, by long-time, high-frequency ground drip irrigation, make the tree root district keep higher water content, and moisture constantly to around and diffuse underneath, guarantee that the tree root district becomes a desalination district, make the trees can normal growth.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that this drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land, comprises ridging, plants the irrigation management following steps:
A, artificial ridging: the high 60cm in ridge, ridge top width 60cm, distance between the ridges 300cm, spacing in the rows 200cm;
B, plant: dig the cave of diameter 30-50cm, dark 30-50cm in the process of planting, plant after the sapling field planting with non-saline and alkaline backfilling new soil, covering with plastic film then;
C, drip irrigation zone setting: at wall scroll irrigate band, the single ridge of ridge center arrangement, dripper spacing 10-50cm;
D, irrigation: pour water first at once after planting the same day, irrigation quantity is more than four times of daily irrigation quantity, irrigates 1 time in per then 1～2 day, and 4～5mm pours water at every turn.
Described drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land, the described backfilling new soil of step C comprises sandy soil, sandy loam or loam.
Described drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land, the described irrigation of step D also comprise urea, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is dissolved in the irrigation water and apply fertilizer with water.
The present invention adopts the method for ground drip irrigation in conjunction with displacement trees root region soil, makes the tree root district form the desalination district, guarantees the normal growth of trees.Solved the problem that soil structure is destroyed after the high saline-alkali soil drip washing of sodium ions content, in the drip washing salinity, can keep the good soil structure of soil moved in to improve the original, for trees provide good growing environment.The present invention is practical, and cost is low, and fitting operation is simple, is easy to promote, and is the effective ways that improvement utilizes heavy salinized ground.Utilization the present invention carries out experiment and demonstration in the saline land, select the seeds of salt tolerant alkali to plant, and survival rate significantly improves and well-grown, has obtained favorable economic benefit.Find that by the plantation jujube tree jujube tree survival rate reaches 95% behind application the present invention, comparison is according to having improved 90%, and effect is remarkable, has broad application prospects.
Embodiment
Adopt the present invention on the red clay saline-alkali wasteland on the evaluation and exploration technology experiment and demonstration base, Inst of Geographic Science and Resources, Chiense Academy of Sciences drip irrigation saline land, to carry out experiment and demonstration in 2008, prove that effect of the present invention is remarkable.
(be called for short: demonstration base, saline land, Jinsha gulf) be positioned at Qingtongxia City Jinsha gulf, Ningxia modern agriculture Demonstration Garden in evaluation and exploration technology experiment and demonstration base, Inst of Geographic Science and Resources, Chiense Academy of Sciences drip irrigation saline land, 106 ° 12 of east longitude ', 38 ° 15 of north latitude ', 1160 meters of height above sea level, 70 kilometers apart from the Yinchuan City.The base is located in the inland, northwest, and monsoon influence in the southeast is less, is subjected to the control from the northwest cold dry air, the continental climate in temperate zone arid climate district in the genus more.7.6 ℃ of average annual temperature, the extreme minimum air temperature-23.7 ℃, 36.7 ℃ of the extreme maximum air temperatures, 9～18 ℃ of temperature difference per day, average annual 3070 ℃ of 〉=10 ℃ accumulated temperature, year sunshine duration 2854 hours, 130～186 days frost-free seasons, dark 1 meter of maximum frozen soil, 185 millimeters of average rainfalls, the rainfall distribution inequality focused mostly in summer and autumn, and a year evaporation discharge is 2086 millimeters.Bury of groundwater differs, and the landform eminence can reach more than 10 meters, and landform lowest part such as red clay saline land buried depth have only 75-150cm, water quality inferiority, and the deep water salinity is more than 3g/L, more than the shallow seated groundwater 10g/L.Experimental field be positioned at laterite solonchak district in the Tertiary Period, for red clay saline-alkali wasteland, belong to solonchak, except that fragmentary salt wormwood artemisia, what crop is not long, is barren land, and soil salt content sees Table 1.Irrigation water is a Huanghe water, and salinity is approximately 0.5g/L.
Red clay saline-alkali wasteland test region, table 1 Jinsha gulf soil salt content
Experimental field adopting method for planting of the present invention to plant jujube tree in 2008.
At first carried out meticulous whole ground, smooth ploughing deeply is beneficial to the dried rhizome of rehmannia and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and creates the good condition of oozing the drip washing salinity under the moisture.Remove foreign matters such as the living weeds stone riprap of salt, be beneficial to ridging, overlay film and laying drip irrigation pipe racks.Do the ridge according to crop biology characteristic, salinity drip washing needs and farming demand, the high 60cm in ridge, distance between the ridges 300cm, the wide 60cm in top, ridge, spacing in the rows 200cm; The ridging specification should be adjusted according to the trees of planting are different in actual applications.
Wall scroll irrigate band, the single ridge single file jujube tree of planting.Dig the cave about diameter 40cm, dark 40cm in the process of planting, the cave is with non-saline and alkaline soil moved in to improve the original sandy soil backfill, covering with plastic film then during field planting;
In center arrangement irrigate band, ridge, dripper spacing 20cm poured water after planting the same day at once first, irrigation quantity for the design more than 4 times of irrigating water quota, be used for washed out soil salinity and for the expectation wetted perimeter enough moisture is provided;
Irrigated 1 time in per then 1～2 day, 4～5mm pours water at every turn.Can adjust each irrigation quantity according to the arboreal growth situation.Apply urea 15～25kg/ mu, potassium nitrate (potassium sulphate) 10～20kg/ mu the time of infertility, the urea fertilization with irrigation water is a 1kg/ mu at every turn, and potassium nitrate (potassium sulphate) fertilizing amount is a 0.5kg/ mu.Suitably enrich a certain amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the jujube growth situation, and adjusted the usage amount of urea and potassium nitrate (potassium sulphate) with irrigation water.Regularly jujube tree is pruned.
, plant and promptly received good effect then in the application of experimental field going up by the present invention, the jujube tree survival rate has reached 95%, and comparison is shone and improved 90%, and it is vigorous to grow.
Use the present invention, on above-mentioned " barren land " red clay saline-alkali wasteland, successfully planted jujube tree.Experiment showed, that the present invention is equally applicable to other trees the planting of heavy salinized ground, therefore, method for planting of the present invention is with a wide range of applications.
Listed examples of the present invention is intended to further illustrate drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land of the present invention, and scope of the present invention is not constituted any restriction.
Claims (1)
1. a drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land comprises ridging, plants, and irrigation management is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The high 60cm of ridging, distance between the ridges 300cm, the wide 60cm in top, ridge, spacing in the rows 200cm;
The single file jujube tree of planting in wall scroll irrigate band, single ridge digs the cave of diameter 40cm, dark 40cm in the process of planting, use sandy soil backfill after the field planting, then covering with plastic film;
In center arrangement irrigate band, ridge, dripper spacing 20cm poured water after planting the same day at once first, and irrigation quantity is more than 4 times of irrigating water quota of design;
Irrigated 1 time in per then 1～2 day, the 4～5mm that at every turn pours water applies urea 15～25kg/ mu, potassium nitrate or potassium sulphate 10～20kg/ mu the time of infertility, and execute urea with irrigation water is 1kg/ mu at every turn, and potassium nitrate or potassium sulphate are 0.5kg/ mu.
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| CN200910074072XA CN101507402B (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2009-04-03 | Drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land |
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| CN101507402B true CN101507402B (en) | 2011-07-20 |
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| CN101629944B (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2013-01-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for using saline-alkali soil negative pressure meter |
| CN102257946A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-30 | 新疆农业大学 | Drop irrigation method for cotton planted in severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN102293082A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2011-12-28 | 青海省气象科学研究所 | Method for restoring bald spots of saline-alkali wetlands in alpine lakesides |
| CN102388730B (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-06-05 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area |
| CN102668863B (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-02-26 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Saline-alkali soil suaeda physophora mulched drip irrigation direct seeding forestation method |
| CN103477948B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-10-22 | 中国农业大学 | Irrigation control method and system for saline-alkali soil |
| CN105325225A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-17 | 北京碧青园园林绿化工程有限公司 | Method improving tree plantation survival rate in severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN105248067B (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-08-29 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | A kind of construction method of strand shale salt-soda soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation |
| CN105230167B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-03-01 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | A kind of heavy salinized land soil in strand and vegetation construction system |
| CN105993805B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-02-01 | 山东农业大学 | The construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard |
| CN106416881A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 黄淮学院 | Saline and alkaline land garden plant planting method |
| CN107820761A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-03-23 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of dry drainage method suitable for arid region saline-alkali soil |
| CN107371440A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-24 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The low-lying heavy salinized ground drip irrigation ridge culture Qiao shrub stereo plantation method in arid area |
| CN108566794A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-25 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil |
| CN109644765A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-19 | 南京林业大学 | A method of transplanting sweet osmanthus in salt-soda soil |
| CN111316855A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-23 | 宁夏大学 | Lingwu long jujube tree high-ridge cultivation method |
| CN113875484B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-04-25 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Halophyte planting method for high-water-level heavy saline-alkali soil in arid region |
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| CN101248743A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-08-27 | 上海孙桥农业技术有限公司 | High ridge and nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology |
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