CN104487700A - 用于自动关断内燃机的方法 - Google Patents

用于自动关断内燃机的方法 Download PDF

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CN104487700A
CN104487700A CN201380036594.5A CN201380036594A CN104487700A CN 104487700 A CN104487700 A CN 104487700A CN 201380036594 A CN201380036594 A CN 201380036594A CN 104487700 A CN104487700 A CN 104487700A
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combustion engine
internal
rotating speed
motor vehicle
shutting down
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CN104487700B (zh
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J·霍夫曼
G·梅德尔
T·谢夫勒
S·乌尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/0205Circuit arrangements for generating control signals using an auxiliary engine speed control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0833Vehicle conditions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18018Start-stop drive, e.g. in a traffic jam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/192Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/042Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0833Vehicle conditions
    • F02N11/084State of vehicle accessories, e.g. air condition or power steering
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2400/00Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
    • F02D2400/12Engine control specially adapted for a transmission comprising a torque converter or for continuously variable transmissions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/07Automatic control systems according to one of the preceding groups in combination with control of the mechanism receiving the engine power
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在机动车中、特别是在具有自动变速器的机动车中借助于起动-停止装置自动关断内燃机的方法,当车辆已被制动到停止状态并且有利地以预定的时间间隔通过操纵制动踏板已保持在停止状态中时,该起动-停止装置启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施。本发明特征在于,在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施之前的限定的时刻改变、特别是减小内燃机的转速。

Description

用于自动关断内燃机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1前序部分的用于自动关断内燃机的方法。
背景技术
目前,内燃机大多借助于点火钥匙由驾驶员手动关断。在DE 10023 331 A1中介绍的方法是个例外。在此,代替点火钥匙而利用制动踏板位置或者制动踏板压力。当在机动车达到停止状态之后在制动踏板的已经操纵的位置中加强操纵制动踏板时,启动内燃机的关断过程。这种方法的缺点在于,只有机动车驾驶员负责关断内燃机。对如今驾驶行为的分析表明,尽管环保意识提高并且燃油价格升高,例如在交通信号灯前,也很少自主地手动关断内燃机。
为了减少燃油消耗和有害物质排放,如今正开发并且也已经部分地投入使用了一些方法和***,这些方法和***在一定的先决条件下或者在存在预定的关断条件时自动关断机动车的内燃机,并且在存在预定的起动条件时又自动起动机动车的内燃机。这样的方法和***或者说起动-停止装置主要适于城市交通用以减少燃油消耗,因为在城市交通中车辆经常在信号灯前或者由于交通的原因而停车,并且内燃机的运行不是必要的。
例如由EP 0 158 605 B1已知一种装置,该装置根据不同的条件来促使停止或者重新起动内燃机。用于启动自动关断过程的条件例如是,在自动停止内燃机之前车辆速度必须在一定的时间上低于极限值。
由DE 10 2008 060 350 A1已经已知一种用于借助于起动-停止装置自动关断自动车辆的内燃机的方法,在该方法中,当车辆已被制动到停止状态并且在预定的时间间隔上通过操纵制动踏板已被保持在停止状态中时,起动-停止装置自动关断内燃机。
在自动关断的具有自动变速器的车辆中,当车辆保持在停止状态时,由于变速器或者设置在发动机和变速器之间的变矩器的位于变速器侧的涡轮停止、而发动机或者变矩器的与发动机不可相对转动地相连接的位于发动机侧的泵还在运行的问题,而出现如下问题,即,由于在发动机输出端(或者变矩器的泵轮)和变速器(或者变矩器的涡轮)之间的转速差而形成变速器接收(吸收)力矩,在自动关断内燃机时,该变速器接收力矩在发动机惯性运行时由于纵向振动和横向振动而可能导致冲击,该冲击可能让驾驶员感觉不舒服。
为了完整起见,现在还指出DE 10 2007 009 833 B4,其公开了一种用于控制内燃机的自动关断过程的方法,在该方法中,关断措施分成准备性关断措施和其余的关断措施。用于自动关断内燃机的准备性关断措施在此已经在存在所有预定的关断条件之前进行,从而能实现快速且舒适地自动关断内燃机。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,给出一种用于在车辆中自动关断内燃机的方法,该方法能实现舒适地自动关断内燃机。
按照本发明,所述目的通过一种按照权利要求1所述的方法来实现。有利的进一步扩展方案是从属权利要求的主题。
当(除了其它预定的并且已满足的关断条件之外)机动车已被制动到停止状态并且有利地以预定的时间间隔通过操纵制动踏板已保持在停止状态时,按照本发明的用于在机动车中、优选在具有自动变速器的机动车中自动关断内燃机的方法借助于起动-停止装置启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施。在达到停止状态之后的预定的时间间隔之内可以给予驾驶员阻止自动关断的可能性。例如当驾驶员识别到立刻即将进行继续行驶时,那么应该阻止自动关断。
本发明的基本构思现在在于,通过适当的措施确保在启动自动关断过程时存在小的变速器接收力矩,从而在自动关断内燃机时因力矩快速降低而不产生冲击或者只产生非常小的冲击。基于此,按照本发明的方法的特征在于,在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施之前的限定的时刻改变、有利地减小内燃机的转速。
通过减小内燃机的转速,也减小了在(转动的)发动机和(停止的)变速器之间的转速差,从而又产生减小的变速器接收力矩。因此在内燃机的自动关断过程中只须降低更小的变速器接收力矩,这又引起更小的纵向振动和/或横向振动。还可能产生的冲击变得更小、有利地如此小,以至于该冲击不再让驾驶员感觉不舒服。限定的时刻可以固定地或者可变地预定。
有利地,根据内燃机的当前转速和/或机动车的预定运行状态的存在来改变内燃机的转速。如果内燃机的转速例如已经低于转速下阈值,从而进一步的减小可能会导致发动机运转的恶化,那么不进行发动机转速的进一步的减小。同样有意义的是,内燃机转速的改变仅在机动车的预先规定的运行条件存在时进行,在这些预先规定的运行条件下确保在内燃机的转速改变或者减小时对机动车运行或者对自动关断过程不产生不利的影响。
有利地也可以根据内燃机的当前转速和/或机动车的预定运行状态的存在来决定内燃机转速改变的幅度、特别是转速减小的幅度。例如如果当前转速由于车辆的很多激活的能量消耗器的原因而非常高,则可以进行比在内燃机转速本来已经非常低时更强地减小内燃机转速。
在本发明的一种非常有利的设计方案中,例如可以考虑机动车空调设备的运行,因为内燃机的转速在空调设备运行时通常比在空调设备不运行、即去激活时高。因此可以这样进一步改进按照本发明的方法,即,在机动车空调设备运行——该运行需要内燃机的更高的转速——时,在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施之前的限定的时刻将内燃机的转速减小到预定的值、特别是减小到在空调设备去激活时在机动车的其它相同的运行条件下设定的值。
除了在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施之前的限定的时刻改变内燃机转速之外,也可以启动另外的准备措施、特别是这些在装备有自动变速器或者自动化的变速器的机动车的停止状态下在自动关断内燃机时同样以有利的方式影响舒适性的准备措施。
因此有利地可以这样进一步改进所述方法,即,在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施之前的限定的第二时刻——该限定的第二时刻可以与限定的(第一)时刻相同,改变地驱控自动变速器的离合器、特别是这样驱控使得离合器压力降低。由此在离合器中产生打滑,通过该打滑可以减小变速器接收力矩。
附图说明
在附图中示出本发明的一个实施例。该图以具有自动变速器的机动车为例示出对于按照本发明的方法的简化的流程图。
具体实施方式
用于自动关断内燃机的方法集成在起动-停止装置中或者控制器中。在第一步骤100中查询所有的对于自动关断内燃机必需的前提条件(运行条件和附加条件)。在此例如是:车辆速度,该车辆速度必须大致为零(车辆停止状态);转速,该转速必须低于预定的极限值;和制动踏板,该制动踏板必须***纵。仅当所有的前提条件都满足时,才进一步实施方法。否则中断方法并且重新开始方法。
如果所有的前提条件都满足,则在第二步骤110中接通LED作为指示元件。以此通知车辆驾驶员,内燃机在预定的时间之后被关断,如果他不阻止这一点的话。同时在步骤110中起动监控时间t的计时器。
接下来在下一步骤120中,监控流逝的时间t与预定的第一时间间隔Tmax1或者限定的时刻Tmax1相比较。时间间隔或者时间间隔的限定的(结束)时刻Tmax1在此这样选择,即,其表明用于启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施的时刻随着该第一时间间隔Tmax1的走完立刻即将到来。在该第一时间间隔Tmax1的走完和内燃机自动关断过程的开始之间例如有600ms。因此,时刻Tmax1表征在启动用于内燃机的自动关断过程的措施之前的限定的(第一)时刻。
只要流逝的时间t位于预定的第一时间间隔Tmax1之内,那么在下一步骤140中持续监控是否存在中断条件。中断条件例如可以在驾驶员由于开动愿望的原因而松开制动踏板时存在。当没有检测到中断条件时,返回到步骤120并且继续实施时间监控。
然而如果在步骤140中例如由于松开制动踏板的原因而检测到中断条件的存在,那么这就是在下一步骤150中阻止自动关断内燃机并且内燃机保持运行的信号。只有当在最后的步骤160中加油门并且车辆速度再次大于大致零时,方法才重新开始。
然而如果现在在步骤120中确定流逝的时间t至少不小于预定的时间间隔Tmax1,那么起动-停止装置发出指示自动关断过程立刻即将到来的信号。于是在步骤130中在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施之前的限定的时刻Tmax1这样改变内燃机的转速nMot,使得当前的转速n_a以预定的转速差值dn下降。此外,自动变速器的离合器K主动打开,从而产生打滑。
在这些准备措施之后转到步骤135并且等待直到走完预定的第二时间间隔Tmax2,该预定的第二时间间隔导致启动关断内燃机的措施。如果达到该时刻Tmax2或者该第二时间间隔Tmax2的结束,则在下一步骤170中启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施并且关断内燃机。
因此可以通过所述方法以简单的并且经济的方式确保,特别是在装备有自动变速器的车辆中达到舒适的、在理想状态下无冲击的自动关断过程。

Claims (7)

1.用于在机动车中、特别是在具有自动变速器的机动车中借助于起动-停止装置自动关断内燃机的方法,当机动车已被制动到停止状态并且有利地以预定的时间间隔(Tmax2)通过操纵制动踏板已保持在停止状态中时,该起动-停止装置启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施(170),其特征在于,在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施(170)之前的限定的时刻(Tmax1)改变内燃机的转速(nMot)(130)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,减小内燃机的转速(nMot)(130)。
3.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,根据当前转速(n_a)和/或机动车的预定运行状态的存在来改变内燃机的转速(nMot)。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,根据当前转速(n_a)和/或机动车的预定运行状态的存在来决定转速(nMot)改变的幅度、特别是转速(nMot)的减小。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在机动车空调设备运行时,该运行需要内燃机的更高的转速,在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施(170)之前的限定的时刻(Tmax1)将内燃机的转速(nMot)减小到预定的值、特别是到在空调设备去激活时设定的值。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施(170)之前的限定的第二时刻(Tmax1)启动另外的准备措施(130)。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在启动用于自动关断内燃机的措施(170)之前的限定的第二时刻(Tmax1),改变地驱控自动变速器的离合器(K)、特别是这样驱控使得离合器压力降低(130)。
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