CN104429553A - Production method for raising blueberry seedlings by cutting through containers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a production method for raising blueberry seedlings by cutting through containers. The production method comprises the steps that yellow soil of which the pH value is below 5.0 is used as medium soil; the medium soil and perlite are mixed to be even with the weight ratio of the medium soil to the perlite being 4:1, so that a cutting medium is obtained; the cutting medium is loaded into the plastic seedling containers until the cutting medium reaches the four-fifth positions of the plastic seedling containers, and watering is performed to wet the soil in the containers; green branches at the upper middle positions of female parents for breeding varieties are collected in August and September and cut into cuttings of 12-15 cm for cutting; after cutting, a sun-shading net is erected for sun shading and moisture preservation; when leaves at the top ends start to turn green, it means that the cuttings already start to root, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer starts to be applied after the cuttings root; after cutting, each seedling can be transplanted out of a nursery when growing up to 60 cm or more and provided with three or more branches. The production method for raising the blueberry seedlings by cutting is easy and convenient to implement; the seedlings do not need to be treated through hormones, rooting powder, bacterial manure, soil sourness conditioning agents and the like, so that the production cost is low, and environmental pollution will not be caused; diseases during the growth period of the seedlings barely occur, the seedlings grow strong, and the cutting survival rate can reach up to 90% or more; the seedling raising cycle is short, and the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery after 18 months.

Description

A kind of production method of blueberry container cutting plant culture

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of planting technology of emerging fruit blueberry, provide a kind of production method being specially adapted to southern blueberry cuttage and seedling culture.

Background technology

Blueberry, has another name called blueberry, blue berry, is the wide fruit tree of a kind of development prospect.Its fruit is rich in anthocyan, can improving eyesight, subtract and decline, be classified as one of five large healthy food by international food and agricultural organization.

Blueberry breeding cultivation history is not long.The U.S. started blueberry breeding in 1906, and nineteen thirty-seven starts commercialization cultivating and growing at first, cultivates suitable improved seeds more than 100, become blueberry main product state of the world, successively have 35 countries from U.S.'s introducing and planting to the eighties in 20th century.

In China, Jilin Agriculture University in 1981 starts to introduce a fine variety blueberry viewing test from the U.S. at first.Calendar year 2001 domestic beginning commercial crop cultivation 24hm2, by 2009, national blueberry cultivated area developed into 3033 hm2, and planting area presents the gesture of south expansion by northeast Jilin Province, Heilungkiang, Liaoning San Sheng.There are introducing and planting in the provinces and cities such as current Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hunan, become the new direction of local adjustment fruit variety structure, development characteristic industry.

China's blueberry introducing and planting plantation development speed is slow, and blueberry reproductive survival rate is low is one of its important restriction factor.In recent years, Domestic Scientific Research unit and scholar have carried out experimental study to the propagation technique of blueberry.Zhao Yanli etc. have carried out tissue cultures and fast breeding technique research ［ the Exploitation of Agriculture in Heilongjiang science of Introduced From Abroad blueberry kind, 201l (6) ］, cultivate with the Jing Duanzuo explantation tissue that children is tender, the germination rate 0 ~ 60% of different culture media process, rooting rate 10.8% ~ 45.2%, its planting percent is low, and seedling raise period is long, and cost is higher; And due to temp. and humidity and the land for growing field crops of group training environmental difference comparatively greatly, transplanting survival rate is lower, needs the longer laundering period, poor growth after transplanting.Wu Fengzhang etc. carry out softwood cutting propagation technical research ［ Journal of northeast Forestry university, the 35th volume 11 phase in 2007 ］, rooting rate 28.3% ~ 86.3% between different blueberry kind.Wu Wen is brave etc. carries out Different Optimization test ［ seed, the 8th phase in 2008 ］ of Vaccinium ashei softwood cutting propagation technology, uses the hormones such as indolebutyric acid and the composite interstitial substance such as perlite, bacterium bag to stimulate and takes root, play certain effect, rooting rate 62.3% ~ 92.6%.

But as a whole, blueberry rearing condition is harsher, propagation technique difficulty is comparatively large, and difficult grasp in production, general planting percent is lower.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention, is to provide a kind of easy, effective, practical blueberry nursery propagation method, to accelerating development the seedling providing super quality and competitive price for blueberry.

Technical scheme of the present invention: with blueberry spray for cuttage raw material, with acid clinosol for matrix, adopts nutritive cube container cutting plant culture.Production stage comprises:

(1) nursery plastics seedling alms bowl is prepared, format diameter 15cm, height 13cm;

(2) yellow soil is got as substrate soil, substrate soil pH value less than 5.0;

(3) substrate soil and the perlite ratio by weight 4:1 mix, obtain cutting medium;

(4) cutting medium is loaded plastics seedling alms bowl 4/5 place, arrange and neatly put, stay 30cm aisle by 10 alms bowls one, water moistening alms bowl soil;

(5) gather 8 ~ September and intend breeding kind maternal plant garden robust growth, even thickness, the harm of anosis worm, the green branch in raw then middle and upper part that blade is complete, be cut into 12 ~ 15cm cutting, every section is stayed 4 ~ 6 buds, 2 ~ 3 leaves, flat declivity on otch, under lower cut is positioned at bud, with adopting with cutting with inserting; Skewer bar depth underground portion 2 ~ 3 bud, overground part stays 2 ~ 3 buds; .

(6) set up sunshade net after cuttage, moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light, when top blade starts to turn green, indicate that cutting has started to take root, start after rooting of cuttings to apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;

(7) after cuttage, seedling growth, up to more than 60cm, has 3 can go out garden during upper branch.

As optimization, in step (1), described for plastics seedling alms bowl material be polypropylene or polyethylene.

As optimization, in step (2), the soil basketing method of described substrate soil is: on the waist of slope or under toe, and find and move along slope the loess formation piled up, more than section height 3m, takes bottom without plow layer yellow soil as substrate soil.

As optimization, in step (2), described substrate soil pH value 4.0 ~ 5.0, perlite particle diameter 20 ~ 50 order.

As optimization, in step (6), described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer applies with liquid state, concentration 3 ~ 5%, first 3 months of nursery monthly, winter overwintering, before next year rudiment, branching stage sees seedling fertilising 4 ~ 6 times.

Know-why of the present invention is, blueberry is the sour seeds of happiness, and cultivation requires acid ground, and pH value is between 4.5 ~ 5.6; The easy sick evil of soil meta-alkali, and poor growth; Plant much local soil northeastward to need to use regulating acid agent.South yellow earth clinosol is acid, and the soil body is low in the pollution of the environment, good water-retaining property, is easy to seedling of taking root.

The present invention is used for the blueberry fruit tree kind of cuttage and seedling culture, comprises high clump blueberry kind: as Elliot, Berkeley, blue gold; Vaccinium ashei kind: as brilliance, outstanding rabbit, garden indigo plant etc.

The blueberry cuttage seeding that this law is produced, method is easy, and must not carry out the process such as hormone, root-inducing powder, bacterial manure, soil regulating acid agent, production cost is low, non-environmental-pollution; Seedling growth phase disease is few, robust growth, and cuttage survival rate can reach more than 90%; Growing-seedling period is shorter, and within 18 months, nursery stock can go out garden.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with concrete case study on implementation, the present invention is described further.

Embodiment 1

Yellow earth clinosol (pH value 5.0) 1000kg got by bridge of rendering meritorious service in Yongding District, Zhangjiajie of Hunan Province city, mixes with 250kg perlite, as cutting medium, loads the polypropylene pot for growing seedlings purchased.Pot for growing seedlings format diameter 15cm, height 13cm, matrix loading height is to high 4/5 place of alms bowl, and degree of tightness appropriateness, is placed in smooth good seedbed.4 blueberry kinds light green branches in raw middle and upper part then such as Elliot, Berkeley, brilliance, garden indigo plant are gathered in late August, be cut into 12 ~ 15cm cutting, every section is stayed 4 ~ 6 buds, 2 ~ 3 leaves, flat declivity on otch, under lower cut is positioned at bud, with adopting with cutting with inserting, skewer bar depth underground portion 2 ~ 3 bud, overground part stays 2 ~ 3 buds, every kind cuttage 1000 alms bowl.Set up sunshade net after cuttage, moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light, cuttage seeding top blade start turn green time, execute thin liquid dung and add nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, concentration 3 ~ 5%, monthly, winter overwintering.Before next year rudiment, branching stage see seedling fertilising 4 ~ 6 times.Garden is gone out, seedling growth average height 72.6cm, branch 5.6 in mid-April, 2011.Cuttage survival rate and planting percent see the following form:

Different blueberry kind nutritive cube container epicormic branch cutting statistical form

Kind	Cuttage alms bowl number	Survive number	Survival rate (%)	Go out garden number	Planting percent (%)
						Elliot	1000	923	92.3	843	84.3
Berkeley	1000	944	94.4	827	82.7
						Magnificent	1000	894	89.4	821	82.1
Garden is blue	1000	876	87.6	842	84.2
						Add up to	4000	3637		3333
On average			90.92		83.32

Claims (5)

1. a production method for blueberry container cutting plant culture, is characterized in that, step comprises:

(1) nursery plastics seedling alms bowl is prepared, format diameter 15cm, height 13cm;

(2) yellow soil is got as substrate soil, substrate soil pH value less than 5.0;

(3) substrate soil and the perlite ratio by weight 4:1 mix, obtain cutting medium;

(4) cutting medium is loaded plastics seedling alms bowl 4/5 place, arrange and neatly put, stay 30cm aisle by 10 alms bowls one, water moistening alms bowl soil;

(5) gather 8 ~ September and intend breeding kind maternal plant garden robust growth, even thickness, the harm of anosis worm, the green branch in raw then middle and upper part that blade is complete, be cut into 12 ~ 15cm cutting, every section is stayed 4 ~ 6 buds, 2 ~ 3 leaves, flat declivity on otch, under lower cut is positioned at bud, with adopting with cutting with inserting; Skewer bar depth underground portion 2 ~ 3 bud, overground part stays 2 ~ 3 buds;

(6) set up sunshade net after cuttage, moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light, when top blade starts to turn green, indicate that cutting has started to take root, start after rooting of cuttings to apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;

(7) after cuttage, seedling growth, up to more than 60cm, has 3 can go out garden during upper branch.

2. the production method of blueberry container cutting plant culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), described for plastics seedling alms bowl material be polypropylene or polyethylene.

3. the production method of blueberry container cutting plant culture according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the soil basketing method of described substrate soil is: on the waist of slope or under toe, find and move along slope the loess formation piled up, more than section height 3m, takes bottom without plow layer yellow soil as substrate soil.

4. the production method of blueberry container cutting plant culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), and described substrate soil pH value 4.0 ~ 5.0, perlite particle diameter 20 ~ 50 order.

5. the production method of blueberry container cutting plant culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (6), described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer applies with liquid state, concentration 3 ~ 5%, and first 3 months of nursery monthly, winter overwintering, before next year rudiment, branching stage see seedling fertilising 4 ~ 6 times.