CN106171763A - A kind of method that old orchard quickly updates - Google Patents
A kind of method that old orchard quickly updates Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171763A CN106171763A CN201610569419.8A CN201610569419A CN106171763A CN 106171763 A CN106171763 A CN 106171763A CN 201610569419 A CN201610569419 A CN 201610569419A CN 106171763 A CN106171763 A CN 106171763A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/23—Solid substances, e.g. granules, powders, blocks, tablets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that old orchard quickly updates, comprising: (1) utilizes control root cultivation container fruit tree species, until it grows up to firstfruits seedlings；(2) in orchard to be updated, in the ranks pattern of planting according to trunk shape arranges the planting density of container seedling, excavates and processes field planting hole, container seedling is moved in planting pit；(3), after planting, treelet covering film, timely and appropriate discovery waters, topdresses afterwards, transplants and controls yield, timely flower and fruit thinning then, and after cultivation, Second Year is managed by normal orchard；(4), after planting, veteran implementation bounces back year by year, reduces tree crown, controls growth, the control measures of promotion result, excludes after 23 years.The invention have benefit that: in the case of not affecting orchard production benefit, it is gradually completing the transformation in old orchard, achieve the most excessively, old orchard rapid in-situ has been updated to new result garden, large-area old orchard is updated significant, there is good using value and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that old orchard quickly updates, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Fruits industry is the strong industry of China's agricultural, occupies very important status in China's agricultural economy.With Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae
As a example by Guo, China's cultivated area of the apple 2272.20 thousand hectares in 2014, yield is 4092.32 ten thousand tons, and area and yield all occupy generation
Boundary first.But, compared with Fructus Mali pumilae advanced production country of the world such as the U.S., Europe, the apple production of China there is also bigger difference
Away from.China fruit tree has great development period, each planting fruit-trees particularly Fructus Mali pumilae, pears, Fructus Persicae during this in the eighties and the beginning of the nineties
Homalographic expands rapidly, and up to the present, these orchards, through the production of decades, enter period of decline the most successively, occurs
The series of problems such as orchard is airtight, illumination is bad, yield poorly, poor quality, need to be updated.5 to 10 years from now on, fruit tree
The fruit tree that great development is planted period will be in the critical period of extensive update, and the whole nation has the old orchard of millions of mu every year
Need to update, and the transformation quickly completing these old orchards steadily updates the fruits industry level of development meaning improving China
Great.
The fruit trees such as Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, Fructus Mali pumilae, Fructus Persicae are all perennial trees, and the cycle of getting bumper crops from transplanted seedling tree to fruit tree is longer, and renewal is planted
Rear needs put into continuously for many years and do not have any economic benefit, hinder plantation family and are updated building the enthusiasm in garden, therefore, old fruit
What garden updated key challenge is how to allow the orchard precocity fruiting updated, morning get bumper crops, and early obtains economic well-being of workers and staff.
In production, existing nursery stock typically all fast-growing goes alone Seedling, and general cultivation can be only achieved high yield level in latter about 5 years, by
In existing nursery system, cultivating large seedling has problems, and therefore nursery person is unwilling cultivating large seedling, and therefore, seedlings of planting are early
The hope of result is relatively difficult to achieve.
Simultaneously as the land area that each big fruit tree main producing region, the whole nation can be used for Newly built orchard is very limited, old orchard is straight
Connect new tree of again planting after plane falls and there is following problem: be first that several years does not has economic benefit, next to that directly update
Existing and replant obstacle, i.e. planted the plot of fruit tree and dig up veteran replanting and newly set, new treelet length of planting is bad, many problems occurs, this
It is exactly to replant obstacle, also cries and replant disease, current bad solution.
The update mode in existing old orchard typically has three kinds:
(1) find one piece of nearly plot not raised fruit trees for 3 years-5 years and again build garden, so from garden of building to high yield it is generally required to
6 years-8 years；
(2) Pao Diaolao garden, plants the crops such as Semen Tritici aestivi 3 years-5 years in old garden, and then former address builds garden again；
(3) carrying out after full Orchard Soil is disinfected former address Jian Yuan again, this method is expensive and effect is bad.
At present, based on first two method.But no matter use which kind of method, all can cause in renewal process at least 6 years
There is no economic benefit, affect the enthusiasm that orchard worker renovates old orchards.Therefore, the wish that orchard worker updates plantation is the highest, maintains one day
It is one day, have impact on the development of whole fruits industry.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that old orchard quickly updates, should
Method is capable of precocity fruiting, early high yield, thus early obtains economic well-being of workers and staff.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of method that old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step1: utilize control root cultivation container fruit tree species, until it grows up to firstfruits seedlings, it is thus achieved that container seedling；
Step2: in the ranks pattern of planting according to trunk shape arranges the planting density of container seedling in orchard to be updated, selected
After planting point, excavation field planting hole, and the soil dug out in cheating from field planting is mixed fertile and disinfects, then backfill, plant
Before again excavate planting pit according in control root container size field planting hole after backfill, and container seedling is moved in planting pit
Centre, control root container of then dismantling, carefully backfill soil from surrounding, be compacted after filling up, make soil and nursery stock substrate fluid-tight engagement；
Step3: after planting, treelet water 1 time-2 times permeable, after soil is fully heavy real, blinding flattens, every strain tree covering film
3m2-4m2, the effect that play soil moisture conservation, heats, timely and appropriate discovery waters, topdresses afterwards, transplants and controls yield then, and timely flower thinning is dredged
Really, after cultivation, Second Year is managed by normal orchard；
Step4: after planting, veteran implementation bounces back year by year, reduces tree crown, controls growth, the control measures of promotion result, and 2
After-3 years years, veteran is excluded.
The method that aforesaid old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step1, the fruit tree species of selection is result
The seeds that the time limit is longer.
The method that aforesaid old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step2, the time of planting of container seedling is the spring
After season, or autumn fruit harvesting.
The method that aforesaid old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step2, to dig out in cheating from field planting
Soil is mixed fertile and disinfects method particularly includes:
The soil dug out in cheating from each field planting is fully mixed thoroughly with appropriate fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and soil sterilants, so
Rear backfill, covers covering in soil surface after filling and leading up, and makes soil sterilants spread in the airtight or facility of semi-hermetic, kills
Pathogenic bacteria.
The method that aforesaid old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step2, the allotment ratio of fertilizer and chemical fertilizer
Example is 100:1.
The method that aforesaid old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step2, to water permeable in time after planting well.
The method that aforesaid old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step4, the management carried out for veteran is arranged
Execute specific as follows:
Bouncing back the bough stretched in the ranks, other boughs take measures to promote result year after year, remove tree body the most in time each
The overstocked branch at position and overlapping branch, remove 1-2 major branch every year, first removes that position is too low and that result is few major branch.
The method that aforesaid old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step4, the management carried out for veteran is arranged
Execute and also include: control the prosperous length of young sprout, promote flower_bud formation.
The invention have benefit that: the present invention, on the basis of utilizing control root cultivation container fruit tree seedlings, will just tie
Really seedlings are directly planted in old orchard in the ranks, plant fruit tree entrance high yield period until new, in the process veteran are carried out particular tube
Reason, bounce back veteran year by year, until plane falls veteran after new tree high yield, completes old orchard and updates, so, be from container owing to newly planting trees
Middle transplanting, it has cultivated good root system, adds that soil disinfection processes, and can effectively overcome and replant obstacle,
Not only nursery stock growing way is good, and most important advantage is to utilize long new tree in the ranks, and veteran continues result, minimum to orchard Efficiency,
There is during renovating in old orchard great application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention made concrete introduction.
One, firstfruits seedlings are cultivated
1, suitable species and cultivars is selected
Preferably selecting the fruit tree species that the result time limits such as Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, Fructus Mali pumilae, Fructus Persicae, pears are longer, after it is planted, several years could enter rich
In term, so can give full play to the effect of the present invention.
Kind, with to build garden normally the same, need to select to produce the preferably new quality product kind of performance, to obtain optimal economy
Benefit.
In the present embodiment, what we selected is Fructus Mali pumilae seeds.
2, cultivate
Utilize control root cultivation container fruit tree species, until it grows up to firstfruits seedlings.
Some of qualified firstfruits seedlings are required: there is certain rugosity and height (to tie at the beginning of common field planting
Fruit tree is standard), there is good root system, the most tree-like, robust growth, without obvious pest and disease damage, bearing capacity is normal.
Two, plant in orchard to be updated firstfruits seedlings (container seedling)
1, plant the time
The transplanting of container seedling is not subject to seasonal restrictions, but should avoid heat and severe cold weather as far as possible, preferably selects season in spring and autumn
After saturating rain occur successive cloudy days, little rainy day or the morning of fine day, transplant evening, the effect now transplanted is preferable.
Advocating and transplant after fruit harvesting in the fall, such root system also has the restoration ecosystem phase of 1 month-2 months, and
Just at the last summit of growth phase of root system, root system can be made preferably to adapt to and recover, thus be a large amount of knots in the coming year
The most ready.
2, preparation is transplanted
Select that vitality is strong, trunk is thick, main root is flourishing, fibrous root is many, leaf color is normal, without the nursery stock of pest and disease damage.
Water permeable before lifting, or transport is permeable to watering behind place of planting, and plants the most again.
Before fortune Seedling, the root growing control root container bottom is all cut.
When moving and transport container seedling, to avoid colliding with, avoid and make culture medium loose, destroy root system.Little tree can people's frock
Unload, set preferably by machinery greatly, both can improve efficiency, also can be cost-effective.
When filling Seedling on car, according to vehicle, nursery stock and control root container size, Chinese character pin-shaped which floor can stack, the most not can exceed that 5
Layer.
Compartment the most handy canopy cloth hides, it is to avoid nursery stock is affected with tanning by the sun by wind and rain.
Nursery stock after transport should be planted in time.
3, plant
(1) planting point is selected
In orchard to be updated in the ranks according to the planting density formulation plan of planting adapted to Training system, in general,
Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, Fructus Mali pumilae, Fructus Persicae, pears etc. should be according to the pattern of planting of trunk shape to arrange density, i.e. line-spacing 3 meters-4 meters, spacing in the rows about 2 meters,
General old orchard planting density mostly is line-spacing 4 meters, spacing in the rows 3 meters, and therefore, it is in the ranks entirely capable of meeting the new requirement planting treelet.
(2) field planting hole and soil treatment are dug
After selected planting point, excavation field planting hole, depending on the size in the field planting hole size according to tree body, the biggest more
Good, it is square that the specification in field planting hole is typically 80cm, it is also possible to increases to 120cm square.After field planting hole is dug, will be from each fixed
The soil dug out in planting hole is fully mixed with appropriate fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and soil sterilants (cobaltous chloride, lime nitrogen, bromomethane)
Even, in the present embodiment, the usage amount of fertilizer is 10kg/ hole, and the usage amount of chemical fertilizer is 100g/ hole, fertilizer and chemical fertilizer
Allotment ratio is 100:1, and wherein, what chemical fertilizer was selected is the Controlled Release Fertilizer or other chemical fertilizer that nitrogen content is higher, by soil after fully mixing thoroughly
It is backfilling in hole, after filling and leading up, covers the coverings such as thin film in soil surface, spread in the airtight or facility of semi-hermetic, kill disease
Bacterium.Can plant treelet through at least week age.
(3) treelet field planting
During field planting, again according to control root container size excavation planting pit, size is more bigger than control root container, to dig flat at the bottom of cave,
With ensure in control root container substrate base with engage at the bottom of cave tight.
When planting, control root container with the end first removes bottom, and bottomless control root container direct band container puts into planting pit, so
The most carefully dismantling and control root container, operation is careful, keeps substrate not dissipate, and nursery stock wants upright, be positioned at planting pit central authorities, then from four
Zhou little Xin backfills soil, is compacted after filling up, and makes soil and nursery stock substrate fluid-tight engagement.
After planting well, water permeable in time.
Other management are built garden with conventional apple tree and are planted essentially identical.
Three, the tree body after management is planted and orchard
1, treelet management
If planting spring, after planting, water 1 time-2 times permeable, after soil is fully heavy real, blinding flattens, every strain tree
Covering film 3m2-4m2, the effect that play soil moisture conservation, heats, in order to root growth.Before and after June, with good conditionsi mulch film is gone to cover grass.Suitable
Shi Shiliang waters, and after spring covering film, does not waters, in order to avoid the permeability of the gentle soil in impact ground.If arid, can cover
Surrounding's trench digging of film is poured water, and notes draining flood season, and it is ill that hydrops easily makes tree macerate root.Transplant tree root system absorbability weak, transplant and work as
Needing in year fertile less, as soil fertility is poor, when planting, basal dressing is few, and can ditch Shi Xie compound fertilizer in June-July；Root Absorption power
Difference, foliage top dressing to be carried out, in June-August, once (can carry out in conjunction with spraying insecticide) about every first quarter moon, early stage with Spraying nitrogen is
Main, the later stage is to spray phosphorus, potash fertilizer.
Transplant then for ensureing that tree body survives and tree vigo(u)r recovers rapidly, yield, timely flower and fruit thinning will be controlled as far as possible, remove
More early the best.Owing to control root container tree convalescent period is shorter, after cultivation, Second Year can be managed by normal orchard.
2, veteran management
Veteran is carried out and bounces back year by year, reduces tree crown, controls growth, promotes the control measures such as result, big to stretch in the ranks
Branch bounces back year after year, and other boughs take measures to promote result, removes the overstocked branch at the tree each position of body and overlapping branch the most in time, often
Year removes 1-2 major branch, first removes that position is too low and that result is few major branch, after 2 years-3 years, is excluded by veteran, at this moment,
Newly planting trees and have been enter into the result Sheng phase, old orchard completes to update.
Veteran transformation to be grasped flexibly according to the growing way of tree and result situation, carries out by several times, it is to avoid once prune overweight, lead
Causing growing way the most prosperous, yield declines to a great extent.The prosperous orchard of growing way strictly to control the use of water, nitrogenous fertilizer, with stable tree vigo(u)r, promotes into
Flower.The summer management prosperous length of controlling measurement young sprout such as emphasis control tree, pinching, sparse branching, girdling, band girdle, promote flower_bud formation.As far as possible
Avoid using the growth regulators such as ethephon, naphthalene acetic acid, paclobutrazol to control the prosperous length of tree crown.When really needing, should strictly control
Consumption, it is to avoid suppress overweight.
As can be seen here, firstfruits seedlings, on the basis of utilizing control root cultivation container fruit tree seedlings, are directly planted by the present invention
In old orchard in the ranks, planting fruit tree entrance high yield period until new, veteran carries out special management in the process, retraction is old year by year
Tree, until plane falls veteran after new tree high yield, completes old orchard and updates, so, transplant from container owing to newly planting trees, its
Container is cultivated good root system, has added that soil disinfection processes, can effectively overcome and replant obstacle, not only nursery stock growing way
Good, most important advantage is to utilize long new tree in the ranks, and veteran continues result, minimum to orchard Efficiency, updates in old orchard
Transformation process has great application prospect.
In sum, the method for the present invention, in the case of not affecting orchard production benefit, has been gradually completing old orchard
Transformation, it is achieved that steadily excessive, has been updated to new result garden by old orchard rapid in-situ, and updating large-area old orchard has
Significance, has good using value and wide application prospect.
Become it should be noted that above-described embodiment limits the present invention, all employing equivalents or equivalence the most in any form
The technical scheme that the mode changed is obtained, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method that an old orchard quickly updates, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step1: utilize control root cultivation container fruit tree species, until it grows up to firstfruits seedlings, it is thus achieved that container seedling；
Step2: in the ranks pattern of planting according to trunk shape arranges the planting density of container seedling in orchard to be updated, selected plants
After Dian, excavation field planting hole, and the soil dug out in cheating from field planting is mixed fertile and disinfects, then backfill, weight before planting
Newly according to controlling excavation planting pit in root container size field planting hole after backfill, and container seedling is moved into the central authorities of planting pit, so
After dismantle control root container, carefully backfill soil from surrounding, be compacted after filling up, make soil and nursery stock substrate fluid-tight engagement；
Step3: after planting, treelet water 1 time-2 times permeable, after soil is fully heavy real, blinding flattens, every strain tree covering film 3m2-
4m2, the effect that play soil moisture conservation, heats, timely and appropriate discovery waters, topdresses afterwards, transplants and controls yield then, timely flower and fruit thinning,
After cultivation, Second Year is managed by normal orchard；
Step4: after planting, veteran implementation bounces back year by year, reduces tree crown, controls growth, the control measures of promotion result, 2 years-3
After Nian, veteran is excluded.
The method that old orchard the most according to claim 1 quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step1, the fruit tree of selection
Seeds are the seeds that the result time limit is longer.
The method that old orchard the most according to claim 1 quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step2, the cultivation of container seedling
The time of planting is spring, or after autumn fruit harvesting.
The method that old orchard the most according to claim 3 quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step2, cheats from field planting
The soil inside dug out is mixed fertile and disinfects method particularly includes:
The soil dug out in cheating from each field planting is fully mixed thoroughly with appropriate fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and soil sterilants, then returns
Fill out, after filling and leading up, cover covering in soil surface, make soil sterilants spread in the airtight or facility of semi-hermetic, kill disease
Bacterium.
The method that old orchard the most according to claim 4 quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step2, fertilizer and change
Fertile allotment ratio is 100:1.
The method that old orchard the most according to claim 6 quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step2, plant good after want and
Time water permeable.
The method that old orchard the most according to claim 1 quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step4, real for veteran
The control measures of row are specific as follows:
Bouncing back the bough stretched in the ranks, other boughs take measures to promote result year after year, remove the tree each position of body the most in time
Overstocked branch and overlapping branch, remove 1-2 major branch every year, first remove that position is too low and that result is few major branch.
The method that old orchard the most according to claim 7 quickly updates, it is characterised in that in Step4, real for veteran
The control measures of row also include: control the prosperous length of young sprout, promote flower_bud formation.
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| CN107022356A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-08 | 邹祥茂 | It is a kind of old apple orchard is quickly planted preparation of new fruit tree and preparation method thereof again |
| CN107056364A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-08-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of apple nursery stock nursery container for plant growth and fertilizer |
| CN107278466A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of method for building up in removable orchard |
| CN107360931A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-21 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method that old peach garden is quickly updated to garden |
| CN111480505A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-08-04 | 北京农学院 | Peach tree variety updating method |
| CN115530001A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Garden building method for cedar seed garden |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107056364A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-08-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of apple nursery stock nursery container for plant growth and fertilizer |
| CN107022356A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-08 | 邹祥茂 | It is a kind of old apple orchard is quickly planted preparation of new fruit tree and preparation method thereof again |
| CN107360931A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-21 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method that old peach garden is quickly updated to garden |
| CN107278466A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of method for building up in removable orchard |
| CN111480505A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-08-04 | 北京农学院 | Peach tree variety updating method |
| CN115530001A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Garden building method for cedar seed garden |
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| CN106171763B (en) | 2019-03-19 |
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