CN104285658A - Method for planting teasel roots and tartary buckwheat in relay intercropping mode - Google Patents
Method for planting teasel roots and tartary buckwheat in relay intercropping mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting teasel roots and tartary buckwheat in a relay intercropping mode, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine and agriculture planting. The method includes the steps of planting field selecting, soil preparing and base fertilizer applying, bedding, sowing, tartary buckwheat field managing, tartary buckwheat seed reserving, tartary buckwheat harvesting, teasel root field managing, teasel root seed reserving, teasel root collecting, and the like. According to the method, by means of low-investment, high-throughput and high-benefit comprehensive matched technological measures, the intertillage weeding link in teasel root planting is omitted, the phenomenon that seedlings die due to droughts and water shortage is relieved, the land utilization rate is increased, the output value is increased, the output value per mu can reach 6000 yuan to 7500 yuan, and the income is increased by 2000 yuan to 2500 yuan compared with the mode of only planting teasel roots or tartary buckwheat.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to traditional Chinese medicine and agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods of mountain area economy crop bitter buckwheat interplanting Chinese medicine teasel root.
Background technology
Teasel root (
dipsacus asperoidesc.Y.Cheng et T.M.Ai) for Dipsacaceae (Dipsacaceae) Dipsacus (
dipsacus Linn.) herbaceos perennial, being used as medicine with rhizome, is the large medicinal herbs most in use of China, is that " People's Republic of China (PRC) " (version one in 2010) records kind.Have another name called shaven head, chervil, teasel etc., have a very wide distribution, be mainly distributed in the ground such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, teasel root has a very wide distribution, different regions Different Altitude all can be cultivated, but its main suitable growth height above sea level is between 1500-2500m.Teasel root avoids continuous cropping, and the soil of all continuous cultivation plantations need be planted after 2-3 years again; Or the soil of plantation more than 2 years, carry out sterilization process.
Ku Qiaoshu Liao Ke Fagopyrum annual herb plant, also known as tatar buckwheat, the high and cold mountain area of primary growth in height above sea level 1700-3000 scope, growth cycle is short, planting benefit is better.Bitter buckwheat is avoided selection soil property and is sticked important place block plantation, the not resistance to continuous cropping of bitter buckwheat.If the bitter buckwheat of single cropping, Seedling Stage needs intertill and clean tillage 2-3 times, and weeding cost is higher.
At present, although the cultivated area of bitter buckwheat or teasel root is in rapid expansion, its plantation level is still lower, especially in high altitude localities, the bitter buckwheat of single cropping or teasel root, because weeds propagation and widespread is serious, artificial weeding cost is higher, and land utilization rate is low, has a strong impact on the planting benefit of teasel root.(Shen Qing Publication day is on June 13rd, 2012 to the ecology planting method of a kind of teasel root of Chinese patent, application publication number is CN10248769A), disclose by teasel root interplanting in walnut, Chinese chestnut, pears, peach and cherry economic forest, method comprises that forest land is selected, whole, sowing, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, to gather and preliminary working step.The method mainly solves the Utilizing question of sylvan life land resources, but the teasel root planting time is long, take 19 months from whole to gathering, the cycle more than a year and a half, the dry medicinal material of average yield per mu teasel root 315 kilograms, per mu yield value also only has 2000-3000 unit, and needing intertill and clean tillage link, vegetative period, domestic demand carried out 3-4 weeding, and weeding cost is larger, and teasel root can absorb the nutrient needed for woods fruit in underwood planting, be unfavorable for that woods fruit grows up.Therefore the teasel root underwood planting cycle is long, but economic benefit is not high.
Summary of the invention
For prior art above shortcomings, the object of this invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of bitter buckwheat and teasel root interplanting, the method is by the measure of low input high production high benefit On Comprehensive Technique, reduce the intertill and clean tillage link in teasel root planting, alleviate drought and water shortage and cause the withered phenomenon of teasel root seedling, increase land utilization rate, improve the output value, per mu yield value can reach 6000-7500 yuan, comparatively single cropping teasel root or bitter buckwheat pattern additional income 2000-2500 yuan.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: the implantation methods of a kind of teasel root and bitter buckwheat interplanting, is characterized in that, comprises following sequential steps:
(1) planting site is selected: within the scope of 1700-2700m, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, soil property is fertile, well-drained sandy loam plot to select height above sea level;
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing: deep plough for 11-December soil 30-35cm; Second Year carries out secondary intensive cultivation in 10-15 days prior to seeding; carry out turning over plough, raking; basal dressing during deep ploughing; base manure is made up of the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer; the consumption of the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is 1000-2000kg/ mu, and the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 5-15kg/ mu, and the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5-7kg/ mu;
(3) bedding: by plot smooth and in small, broken bits after, according to line of slope bedding, the wide 130cm of furrow, furrow furrow width 30cm, during bedding, do drain ditch in planting site surrounding;
(4) sow:
A. seed treatment: 1. bask seeds: 10-15 days prior to seeding, carries out basking seeds for 3-4 days to buckwheat seed when selecting fine; 2. water seed soaking: by shining buckwheat seed 35-40 DEG C of water seed soaking 15-20min well, by teasel root seed 40-50 DEG C of water seed soaking 10-15h;
B. the sowing time: bitter buckwheat, teasel root are all sowed in March;
C. seeding quantity: bitter buckwheat seeding quantity is 2.5-3.5kg/ mu, teasel root seeding quantity is 0.8-1kg/ mu;
D. type of seeding: adopt the seeding method of drilling to sow, on wide 130cm furrow face, open 7 seed furrows, the line-spacing between seed furrow is 20cm, sowing ditch depth 2-3cm, furrow width 1.5cm, buckwheat seed spacing 3cm, single seeding quantity 1-2, teasel root seed spacing 25cm, single seeding quantity 5-6, finishes the seed fine earth sieved and gently covers.
(5) field management of bitter buckwheat
A. thinning final singling: when bitter buckwheat seedling grows to 2-4 true leaves, timely thinning final singling, strain spacing 3cm;
B. topdress: applied nitrogen when bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage topdresses, execute 10-12kg urea for every mu, flowering stage uses phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer when Flowers ending topdresses, every mu sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3kg, or carry out foliage-spray with ash leachate, every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, connect spray 1-2 times;
(6) the reserving seed for planting of bitter buckwheat: select a plot that block length gesture is better, maturity is consistent before gathering, removing hybrid strain and disease plant, reserve seed for planting after results separately;
(7) the gathering of bitter buckwheat: bitter buckwheat was gathered August, gathered when bitter buckwheat has during 2/3 Grain Ripening;
(8) field management of teasel root
A. thinning final singling: after bitter buckwheat of gathering August, when teasel root seedling grows to 20-30cm height, carries out thinning, stays healthy seedling 1-2 strain;
B. topdress: first time topdresses: thinning, after 70-80 days, is carried out first time and topdressed, and imposes composite fertilizer 15-20kg in conjunction with watering; Second time is topdressed: water in Second Year combination in 7-August and topdress, impose quick-acting composite fertilizer 25-30kg;
C. pluck flower bud delimbing: after planting Second Year teasel root in July bolting Post flowering, extract the bud of not plant left to run to seed in time and cut off 1/5-1/4 branches and leaves of the vigorous plant of growth;
(9) teasel root is reserved seed for planting: for plant left to run to seed, selects the fruit on healthy and strong plant in the October of Second Year, treats that fruit becomes yellow green, when enriching full, adopts back and dries;
(10) teasel root is gathered: teasel root was gathered 10-November of Second Year.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention has has:
1, reduce intertill and clean tillage link and teasel root irrigation times, reduce cost of labor.Teasel root and bitter buckwheat interplanting, effectively can suppress weeds propagation and widespread, exempts intertill and clean tillage link, and in field management process, reduce teasel root Seedling Stage irrigation times, greatly save the spending of human and material resources.
2, land utilization rate is improved.Utilize the bitter buckwheat of high bar short breeding time and short bar shape of crawling to grow the teasel root interplanting grown for 2 years, after the bitter buckwheat harvesting of First Year, teasel root is also in growth, and soil can not leave unused for a long time and fall into disuse, Appropriate application land resources, raising land utilization rate.
3, increase farmers' income.Compared with single cropping, teasel root and bitter buckwheat relay interplanting planting, under the prerequisite ensureing the teasel root output value, add the bitter buckwheat output value, and every mu increases output value 2000-2500 unit, improves farmers' income.
4, solving teasel root or bitter buckwheat can not the problem of continuous cropping.Teasel root and bitter buckwheat single cropping can not continuous croppings, and the nixed planting of bitter buckwheat and teasel root solves can not the continuous cropping problem of planting.
Embodiment
Be specifically described the present invention below by example, but can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, person skilled in art can do some apparent improvement and adjustment according to foregoing invention content to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
An implantation methods for teasel root and bitter buckwheat interplanting, comprise planting site select, whole with basal dressing, bedding, sowing, field management, reserve seed for planting, the step such as to gather, concrete operation method is as follows:
(1) planting site is selected: height above sea level should be selected on the ground, gentle slope of 2700 meters, and loosing soil, soil layer are deep, soil property is fertile, the plantation of well-drained sandy loam plot.
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing:
First, after teasel root root of having gathered, pick up the dry branches and fallen leaves undesirable root that in soil, teasel root is residual, and the foreign material of the impact such as stone, hard clod deep ploughing plantation.
Secondly, deep ploughing.The first, in immature soil plantation on the ground, deep plough after the beginning of spring; The second, the soil of having planted is planted, after teasel root of having gathered, in mid or late November or December early and middle ten days planting site deep ploughed heavily turn over, tilling depth is advisable with 30cm or 35cm; Again, Second Year spring, within 10 days or 15 days, carry out secondary intensive cultivation prior to seeding, carry out turning over plough, raking, pick up field foreign material, make its plot smooth, in small, broken bits.
Basal dressing during deep ploughing, base manure is made up of the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, often per muly evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 or 2000kg, phosphate fertilizer 5 or 15kg, nitrogenous fertilizer 5 or 7kg.
(3) bedding: the smooth and rear bedding in small, broken bits by plot, according to line of slope bedding, if domatic towards thing, then does the furrow face of south-north direction; If domatic towards north and south, then do east-west furrow face.The wide 130cm of furrow, furrow length is determined according to length of grade, furrow furrow width 30cm.During bedding, do drain ditch in planting site surrounding, when rainy season set in July, draining of preventing waterlogging be noted.
(4) sow:
Bitter buckwheat seed can select the improved seeds such as bitter No. 1 of enlightening, bitter No. 2, clear bitter No. 1 of enlightening, the bitter buckwheat in Jiujiang, bitter No. 2 of Guizhou Province, bitter No. 4 of Guizhou Province, and the present embodiment selects clear bitter No. 1.Teasel root seed can select Dali teasel root and Lijing teasel root, and the present embodiment selects Dali teasel root.During seed selection, require that bitter buckwheat, teasel root seed are full, through selection by winnowing, wet concentration, screening, machine choosing and grain-by-grain seed selection etc., kick out of empty grain, blighted grain, grass-seed and impurity, select large and full consistent seed.
A. seed treatment: bask seeds: 10 days prior to seeding, carries out basking seeds for 3 days to buckwheat seed when selecting fine; 2. water seed soaking: by shining the buckwheat seed 35 DEG C of water seed soaking 15min well, by teasel root seed 50 DEG C of water seed soaking 10h;
B. the sowing time: bitter buckwheat, teasel root are all sowed in March;
C. seeding quantity: bitter buckwheat seeding quantity is 2.5kg/ mu, teasel root seeding quantity is 0.8kg/ mu;
D. type of seeding: type of seeding is broadcasted sowing, drilling, program request three kinds.Major part peasant adopts and broadcasts sowing, and first broadcasts sowing bitter buckwheat seed, after spread teasel root seed, because of broadcast sowing begin uneven, emerge irregular, ventilation and penetrating light is bad and output is not high; Program request is taken a lot of work, Fei Zi, time-consuming, high cost, is not suitable for adopting; The mode of the bitter buckwheat of scientic planting and teasel root adopts drilling, on wide 130cm furrow face, open 7 seed furrows, the line-spacing between seed furrow is 20cm, sowing ditch depth 2cm, furrow width 1.5cm, buckwheat seed spacing 3cm, single grain weight 1, teasel root seed spacing 25cm, single seeding quantity 5, finishes the seed soil sieved and gently covers.
(5) field management of bitter buckwheat:
In moisture abundance, warm situation, bitter buckwheat just can be emerged for 8 days or 10 days.
A. thinning final singling: when bitter buckwheat seedling grows to 2 or 4 true leaves, timely thinning final singling, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, residual seedling, retains healthy seedling, strain spacing 3cm after final singling;
B. topdress: applied nitrogen when bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage topdresses, execute 10 or 12kg urea for every mu, entering flowering stage in July is that bitter buckwheat needs fertile maximum periods, flowering stage uses phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer when Flowers ending topdresses, every mu sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3kg, or carry out foliage-spray with ash leachate, every spray in 7 or 10 days 1 time, connect spray 1 or 2 times;
C. the extermination of disease and insect pest of bitter buckwheat:
The control of damage by disease and insect should, based on farmland control, be auxiliary with chemical control.
The disease of bitter buckwheat mainly contains damping off, ring spot, brown spot, white mould etc.Farmland control carries out draining to ponding plot after entering rainy season, reduces field humidity, controls disease.Chemical control evil can adopt 50kg seed to add the pcnb powder seed dressing of 0.5kg40%, or at seedling spraying 1:1:200 bordeaux mixture, or at seedling spraying 500-600 times of 65% wettable zineb solution, also can with 1000 times of 20% triadimefon solution, seedling spraying 2-3 times.
In the insect pest of bitter buckwheat, the most severe master of causing harm is mythimna separata, crambid worm and buckwheat hook slug moth.Farmland control can adopt to be carried out tanning by the sun 10-15 days after heavily being digged in ground in deep ploughing.
The chemical control of bitter buckwheat insect pest can adopt following method:
To the armyworm larvae before 3 ages, adopt the 3000 times of liquid controls of 40% Rogor emulsion;
To the beet webworm larva before 3 ages, adopt 90% chlorophos, 800 times of liquid or the 4000 times of liquid spraying controls of 2.5% decis;
To hook eucleid caterpillar, 90% enemy hundred is adopted to kill 1000-2000 times of liquid spraying controls.
(6) the reserving seed for planting of bitter buckwheat: the coming year, choose a plot that block length gesture is better, maturity is consistent before results, removing hybrid strain, disease plant, gathered in the crops separately, reserves seed for planting with kind being that singles singly receive.
(7) the gathering and storage of bitter buckwheat:
The results of bitter buckwheat are in August.According to the difference of height above sea level, the flowering stage of bitter buckwheat has 35-40 days.During Grain Ripening, compole is inconsistent, and same plant can be seen full ripe seed and just open flower simultaneously.Too early, the also prematurity of most of seed, evening, then a large amount of seed came off results excessively, caused bitter buckwheat Severe Reduction.Best harvest time be plant seed have 2/3 ripe time, namely become black or grey, when presenting the intrinsic color of this kind.Fine day morning should be selected in when gathering or the cloudy day carries out, accomplish to scotch and put down gently, reduce seed and come off.During harvesting, the length of cutting off bitter buckwheat to be decided according to the growing way of teasel root seedling, be careful and cut off, with cut-protection teasel root seedling.
After gathering, timely threshing airing, reduce the water content of seed.Moisture content of kernels can put storage in storage lower than 14%.Bunker will have good performance of ventilating and airtight performance, and storage time is unsuitable long.
(8) field management of teasel root
A. thinning final singling: bitter buckwheat and teasel root overlap operation mode, First Year teasel root is seedling, and main management is the management to bitter buckwheat.After cutting off bitter buckwheat August, it is high that teasel root has grown to 20cm or 30cm, now carries out thinning final singling, and during final singling, strain spacing is 25cm.
B. topdress: first time topdresses: thinning, after 70 days or 80 days, is carried out first time and topdressed, and imposes composite fertilizer 15 kg or 20kg of N:P:K=10:5:5 in conjunction with watering; Second time is topdressed: combine to water Second Year July or August and topdress, impose the quick-acting composite fertilizer 25 of N:P:K=10:5:10 kg or 30kg.
C. pluck flower bud delimbing: teasel root is in Second Year bolting in July Post flowering, and cut off growth 1/5 or 1/4 branches and leaves of vigorous plant or the bud of not plant left to run to seed in time, concentrated nutrition makes rhizome sturdy, be conducive to root growth and alleviate the generation of damage by disease and insect.
D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: will take to put prevention first to the control of damage by disease and insect, biological control is auxiliary, as far as possible Shaoshi chemical pesticide, also will use efficient, low toxicity, low-residual agricultural chemicals when forced.
The disease of teasel root generally has powdery mildew and root rot, often powdery mildew is there is season at summer hot and dry weather, rational close planting can be taked to the farmland prevention and controls of powdery mildew, strengthen field ventilation and penetrating light, increasing the p application rate, potash fertilizer, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, plant strain growth stalwartness is prevented, invalid body plant is dug out in time away from the process of plantation field.The method of medical treatment has: spray 25% triadimefon, 600 times of liquid to disease plant, or 50% Tuzet wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, or 50% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid, every 15 days with wherein a kind of chemical control, sprays 2-3 times altogether.
Generally, seldom there is root rot in First Year.The July of Second Year, August are high-incidence seasons of root rot.The subterranean water level of field is high, seedling density is excessive, overcast and rainy be incessanly etc. all the reason that root rot occurs, morbidity causes butt rot, and plant is withered.Prevention and controls is that plantation is unsuitable overstocked, stays seedling too much unsuitable in height above sea level higher nice and cool area plantation; Soil must guard against ponding, and ventilation and penetrating light is good; , their early stage sprays only with vertical withered, and serious should carrying of falling ill is gathered the previous year, causes the underproduction notably to be had no harvest in order to avoid germ spreads.After planting site plants 2 years, also can spread quicklime and prevent and treat root rot.
The insect pest of teasel root is generally aphid, cutworm and grub.
Aphid endangers tender leaf and scape in summer and autumn, affects plant strain growth and blossoms and has seeds.0.3% matrine vegetable insecticide, 500 times of liquid are selected to aphid initial stage of origination, or Aphox 50% wetting powder 2000-2500 times of liquid, continuously every 10 days spray medicines twice, the emergence period sprays 5% Folithion, 1000-2000 times of liquid, every spray in 15 days once, spray 2-3 times are connected.
Cutworm bites seedling broken, causes and is short of seedling, and can take human landing catches, period poison bait, execute the prevention and controls such as pesticide-clay mixture, and the agricultural chemicals such as 50% octyl sulfate, 90% chlorophos, 5% diazinon granule also can be selected to prevent and treat.
Grub is the most serious to the harm of root, causes the presentation quality of root to decline, thus affects purchasing price.Can adopt 50% octyl sulfate missible oil every mu of 250g, the 2.5kg that adds water is sprayed on 25kg fine earth mixes thoroughly and makes pesticide-clay mixture, is mixed in base manure by pesticide-clay mixture and uses; After field finds grub, inject root surrounding soil with 90% trichlorphon, 1000-1200 times of liquid or 50% octyl sulfate missible oil, 800-1000 times of liquid.
(9) teasel root is reserved seed for planting: for plant left to run to seed, selects the fruit on healthy and strong plant in the early October of Second Year, treats that fruit becomes yellow green, when enriching full, adopts back and dries;
(10) teasel root is gathered: this implantation methods teasel root is gathered for planting Second Year then, and teasel root was gathered October of Second Year or November.When gathering, cut off the cauline leaf of acrial part, then the root of under ground portion has all been dug, carefully deep-cut, do not make root break, affect its exterior quality, then remove earth, reed head, radicula, transport root back processing;
(11) preliminary working: fresh teasel root is dried to half-dried through Exposure to Sunlight or low baking temperature, concentrates " sweating " deliquescing of banking up, and inside becomes green, then through drying or drying, plucks fibrous root;
(12) packaging and accumulating: teasel root packaging material adopt dry, clean, free from extraneous odour, meets and nationally to make about hygienic requirements and the material that do not affect quality.Packaged teasel root medicinal material, should be stored in time clean, dry, shady and cool, ventilate, in the special warehouse of free from extraneous odour, prevent from going mouldy, the plague of rats, insect pest etc., note making regular check on.
This embodiment every mu can gather in the crops bitter buckwheat 400kg, and by market price by 5 yuan/kg, every per mu yield value is 2000 yuan; Teasel root every mu results 400kg, by market price by 10 yuan/kg, every per mu yield value is 4000 yuan, and the total income of every mu, at 6000 yuan, has increased income 2000 yuan than single cropping teasel root or single cropping hardship buckwheat every mu.Compared with single cropping pattern, the cover operation mode of this bitter buckwheat and teasel root, has not only saved the input of cost, also add economic benefit, is the agricultural modernization implantation methods of low input, high production.The advantage of this cover operation mode also has following several respects:
(1) do not need to carry out intertill and clean tillage, reduce the cost of artificial weeding.The bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage of single cropping needs intertill and clean tillage 2-3 times, because the interplanting of teasel root occupies underground vacantly, with weed competition growing space, growing of weeds can be greatly reduced, and in field management process, reduce teasel root Seedling Stage irrigation times, greatly save the spending of human and material resources.
(2) land utilization rate is improved.After the bitter buckwheat harvesting of First Year, teasel root is also in growth, and soil can not limit for a long time and fall into disuse, Appropriate application land resources.
(3) solving teasel root or bitter buckwheat can not the problem of continuous cropping.Teasel root and bitter buckwheat single cropping can not continuous croppings, and solving with the nixed planting of teasel root can not the continuous cropping problem of planting.
Through repeatedly practising proof, this cropping pattern is the single-mode changing the low output of traditional high investment with scientific and modern implantation methods, is worth large-area popularizing planting, and numerous working people are benefited.
Embodiment 2
An implantation methods for teasel root and bitter buckwheat interplanting, comprise planting site select, whole with basal dressing, bedding, sowing, field management, reserve seed for planting, the step such as to gather, concrete operation method is as follows:
(1) planting site is selected: should select on ground, the gentle slope of height above sea level 1700 meters;
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing: with embodiment 1;
(3) bedding: with embodiment 1;
(4) sow:
Bitter buckwheat seed selects clear bitter No. 1, and teasel root seed selects Dali teasel root.
A. seed treatment: 1. bask seeds: 15 days prior to seeding, carries out basking seeds for 4 days to buckwheat seed when selecting fine; 2. water seed soaking: by shining the buckwheat seed 40 DEG C of water seed soaking 20min well, by teasel root seed 40 DEG C of water seed soaking 15h;
B. the sowing time: bitter buckwheat, teasel root seed are all sowed in March;
C. seeding quantity: bitter buckwheat seeding quantity is 3.5kg/ mu, teasel root seeding quantity is 1kg/ mu;
D. type of seeding: adopt the seeding method of drilling to sow, on wide 130cm furrow face, open 7 seed furrows, the line-spacing between seed furrow is 20cm, sowing ditch depth 3cm, furrow width 1.5cm, buckwheat seed spacing 3cm, single seeding quantity 2, teasel root seed spacing 25cm, single seeding quantity 6, finishes the seed fine earth sieved and gently covers.
All the other steps are with embodiment 1.
This embodiment every mu can gather in the crops bitter buckwheat 500kg, and by market price by 5 yuan/kg, every mu of harvest is 2500 yuan; Teasel root every mu results 500kg, by market price by 10 yuan/kg, every mu of harvest 5000 yuan, the total income of every mu, at 7500 yuan, has increased income 2500 yuan than single cropping teasel root and single cropping 2 years bitter buckwheats every mu.
Claims (3)
1. an implantation methods for teasel root and bitter buckwheat interplanting, is characterized in that, comprises following sequential steps:
(1) planting site is selected: within the scope of 1700-2700m, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, soil property is fertile, well-drained sandy loam plot to select height above sea level;
(2) wholelyly and basal dressing: deep plough for 11-December soil 30-35cm; Second Year carries out secondary intensive cultivation in 10-15 days prior to seeding; carry out turning over plough, raking; basal dressing during deep ploughing; base manure is made up of the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer; the consumption of the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed is 1000-2000kg/ mu, and the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 5-15kg/ mu, and the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5-7kg/ mu;
(3) bedding: by plot smooth and in small, broken bits after, according to line of slope bedding, the wide 130cm of furrow, furrow furrow width 30cm, during bedding, do drain ditch in planting site surrounding;
(4) sow:
A. seed treatment: 1. bask seeds: 10-15 days prior to seeding, carries out basking seeds for 3-4 days to buckwheat seed when selecting fine; 2. water seed soaking: by shining buckwheat seed 35-40 DEG C of water seed soaking 15-20min well, by teasel root seed 40-50 DEG C of water seed soaking 10-15h;
B. the sowing time: bitter buckwheat, teasel root are all sowed in March;
C. seeding quantity: bitter buckwheat seeding quantity is 2.5-3.5kg/ mu, teasel root seeding quantity is 0.8-1kg/ mu;
D. type of seeding: adopt the seeding method of drilling to sow, on wide 130cm furrow face, open 7 seed furrows, the line-spacing between seed furrow is 20cm, sowing ditch depth 2-3cm, furrow width 1.5cm, buckwheat seed spacing 3cm, single seeding quantity 1-2, teasel root seed spacing 25cm, single seeding quantity 5-6, finishes the seed fine earth sieved and gently covers;
(5) field management of bitter buckwheat
A. thinning final singling: when bitter buckwheat seedling grows to 2-4 true leaves, timely thinning final singling, strain spacing 3cm;
B. topdress: applied nitrogen when bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage topdresses, execute 10-12kg urea for every mu, flowering stage uses phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer when Flowers ending topdresses, every mu sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3kg, or carry out foliage-spray with ash leachate, every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, connect spray 1-2 times;
(6) the reserving seed for planting of bitter buckwheat: select a plot that block length gesture is better, maturity is consistent before gathering, removing hybrid strain and disease plant, reserve seed for planting after results separately;
(7) the gathering of bitter buckwheat: bitter buckwheat was gathered August, gathered when bitter buckwheat has during 2/3 Grain Ripening;
(8) field management of teasel root
A. thinning final singling: after bitter buckwheat of gathering August, when teasel root seedling grows to 20-30cm height, carries out thinning, stays healthy seedling 1-2 strain;
B. topdress: first time topdresses: thinning, after 70-80 days, is carried out first time and topdressed, and imposes composite fertilizer 15-20kg in conjunction with watering; Second time is topdressed: water in Second Year combination in 7-August and topdress, impose quick-acting composite fertilizer 25-30kg;
C. pluck flower bud delimbing: after planting Second Year teasel root in July bolting Post flowering, extract the bud of not plant left to run to seed in time and cut off 1/5-1/4 branches and leaves of the vigorous plant of growth;
(9) teasel root is reserved seed for planting: for plant left to run to seed, selects the fruit on healthy and strong plant in the October of Second Year, treats that fruit becomes yellow green, when enriching full, adopts back and dries;
(10) teasel root is gathered: teasel root was gathered 10-November of Second Year.
2. the implantation methods of a kind of teasel root according to claim 1 and bitter buckwheat interplanting, is characterized in that, in step (3) if domatic towards thing in bedding, then does the furrow face of south-north direction; If domatic towards north and south, then do east-west furrow face.
3. the implantation methods of a kind of teasel root according to claim 1 and bitter buckwheat interplanting, is characterized in that, when step (8) teasel root field management is topdressed, first time uses the composite fertilizer of N:P:K=10:5:5, and second time uses the quick-acting composite fertilizers of N:P:K=10:5:10.
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