CN106508408A - Artificial cultivation method for dipsacus asperoids - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial cultivation method for dipsacus asperoids. The artificial cultivation method comprises the steps of planting field selection, soil preparation, base fertilizer application, manufacturing of a planting seedbed, sowing, field management, harvesting and the like. According to the artificial cultivation method for the dipsacus asperoids, through effective control and management of the procedures of dipsacus asperoids cultivation and reasonable fertilizer application, the quality of the dipsacus asperoids can be improved, the economic income per unit field area is increased, water and soil loss in a sloping field is reduced, and favorable economic and ecological benefits are achieved; and the artificial cultivation method is simple to operate and easy to master, can realize large-scale artificial cultivation of the dipsacus asperoids, is low in cost and has the characteristics of easiness in implementation and good implementation effects.

Description

A kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci

Technical field

The invention belongs to Chinese crude drug planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci.

Background technology

Radix Dipsaci is Dipsacaceae herbaceos perennial.For the large medicinal herbs most in use of China, according to《People's Republic of China's medicine Allusion quotation》The Chinese crude drug Radix Dipsaci of record is the dry rhizome of Radix Dipsaci plant, is widely used in the raw materials for production of Chinese patent medicine and health product. Radix Dipsaci bitter in the mouth, sweet, pungent, tepor, containing alkaloid and volatile oil, with invigorating the liver and kidney, bone and muscle strengthening, continue injured, only the effects such as metrorrhagia, Deficiency of the liver and kindey, soreness of the waist and knees, rheumatic arthralgia, injury from falling down etc. are cured mainly, is the important source material of Chinese patent medicine, consumption increases year by year, its The huge market demand, purchasing price are stable, and teasel root planting has huge development potentiality.Radix Dipsaci be distributed mainly on Sichuan, Yunnan, The ground such as Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, as the excessive harvesting to Wild Medicinal Plants Resources is excavated, wild Radix Dipsaci is exhausted year by year, resource Amount is greatly reduced, and the Radix Dipsaci of existing market sale is essentially from artificial growth.But teasel root planting level is relatively low at present, traditional Teasel root planting pattern, will occupy a large amount of arable lands, and weeds and pest and disease damage harm are serious, and input cost is high, and land utilization ratio is low, seriously Affect the planting benefit of Radix Dipsaci.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of method is simple, be easy to grasp, and cost is relatively low, With cultural method easy to implement, it is a kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci for having.

To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci, it is described Cultural method includes planting site selection, site preparation, basal dressing, making plantation seedbed, sowing, field management and harvesting step, specifically Step is as follows：

(1) planting site is selected：Select hillside of the height above sea level in the range of 2000～2800m, the gradient on hillside below 20 degree, soil property Loose, soil layer is deep, well-drained sandy loam mountain region is used as planting site；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Carry out ploughing deeply 40～50cm in the winter time to planting site, and with 50% wettability carbendazim, 700 times of liquid Soil is sprayed, Second Year carried out second earthing and ploughs deeply 25～35cm in 3～April to the plot after weathering, and clearly The crop tuber of stone cleaning and residual, the intensive cultivation for carrying out third time in 10～15 days prior to seeding carry out turning over plough, rake, pick Go out weeds, basal dressing when second earthing is ploughed deeply makes soil fully mix with base manure, base manure by the farm manure, phosphate fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed and Nitrogenous fertilizer is constituted, and the consumption of the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2500～3000kg/ mus, and the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 10～12kg/ mus, the use of nitrogenous fertilizer Measure as 8～10kg/ mus;

(3) make plantation seedbed：To plant that ground surface is whole carefully to rake, ground is made into by plantation seedbed, seedbed a height of 20 according to landform The distance between～25cm, a width of 1.0～1.2m, adjacent seedbed be 15～20cm, seedbed length natural length then according to landform Setting, when making seedbed, does gutter in planting site surrounding；

(4) sow：

A. seed treatment：First with 2～3h of Seed soaking before sowing, then with 40～45 DEG C of 20～24h of water seed soaking, then with 50% Carbendazim presses 0.6～0.8% seed dressing of seed weight, while adding 1～1.5 times of fine sand mixing seed dressing of seed weight；

B. sowing time：At the beginning of late June to 7 months, under rainwater thoroughly, soil is sowed after being sufficiently humidified so as to；

C. application rate：Per mu with plant 1.0～1.2kg；

D. type of seeding：Using wrong cave seeding method, by 25～28cm of line-spacing, hill spacing 20～25cm program requests, it is in three between adjacent cave Angular distribution, per bunch planting 3～4 seeds of kind, finishes the seed fine earth for sieving and gently covers 2～3cm, be somewhat compacted, and cover One layer of broken grass or dead leaf are with moisturizing；

(5) field management：

A. thinning final singling：Starting thinning during 15～20cm of height of seedling, 1～2 plant of strong sprout being stayed per cave, a Seedling for going out is used to fill a vacancy, and fills the gaps with seedlings When must balled transplanting, watered after cultivation in time；

B. middle weeding：With reference to thinning, first time weeding is carried out, is preferably removed with hand-lifting；Later stage carries out the weeding of shallow hoe with hoe Plough, avoid hindering root when hoeing up weeds, affect growth, respectively carry out once in late July, mid-August and late September, accomplish field without miscellaneous Grass；Second Year spring will clean field, turn green to envelope moisture in the soil and be still to carry out weeding in 2～3 times；

C. topdress：After seedling grows to 30cm, 15～20kg of compound fertilizer is imposed with reference to watering per mu, imposed on by strain, apply rear earthing； After Second Year is turned green, 5～mid-June, the ratio for applying 500～600kg of urea solution, carbamide and water with reference to the mu that waters is 1:60； And in late July～early August, 30～35kg of compound fertilizer is imposed with reference to watering per mu, impose on by strain, apply rear earthing；

D. pluck flower bud：After planting Second Year late June～mid-July, on Radix Dipsaci plant, extract alabastrum successively out, in addition to seed field, its Its alabastrum is extractd without exception, and cuts off 1/5～1/4 branch and leaf for growing vigorous plant, nutrient is concentrated on rhizome, to ensure Radix Dipsaci The quality of medical material；

(6) harvest：After planting Second Year late November～early December harvesting, prescinds stem and leaf withered on the ground with reaping hook, digs out The complete rhizome in underground, removes soil and reed head.

Further, the artificial cultivation method of the Radix Dipsaci, wherein in the step (5) field management process, wherein institute Impose compound fertilizer and apply N:P:K=2:1:2 compound fertilizer.

Using a kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci of the present invention, compared with prior art, its advantage is：Pass through Carry out effectively from cultivation of the process to Radix Dipsaci such as planting site selection, site preparation, basal dressing, making plantation seedbed, sowing, field management Control and management, and the rational application of fertilizer, can improve the quality of Radix Dipsaci, increase the income of land area of one unit, reduce hillside fields Interior soil erosion, with good economy and ecological benefits.Using above technical scheme, not only with simple to operate, it is easy to Grasp, artificial growth Radix Dipsaci can also be made to realize implantation in large scale, cost is relatively low, with easy to implement, the good spy of implementation result Point.

Specific embodiment

In order to more fully explain the enforcement of the present invention, the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Institute Give an actual example and be served only for explaining the present invention, rather than limit the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1：

A kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci, the cultural method include that planting site selection, site preparation, basal dressing, making kind are planted seedlings Bed, sowing, field management and harvesting step, comprise the following steps that：

(1) planting site is selected：Select hillside of the height above sea level in the range of 2000～2400m, the gradient on hillside below 10 degree, soil property Loose, soil layer is deep, well-drained sandy loam mountain region is used as planting site；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Carry out ploughing deeply 40～45cm in the winter time to planting site, and with 50% wettability carbendazim, 700 times of liquid Soil is sprayed, Second Year carried out second earthing and ploughs deeply 25～30cm in 3～April to the plot after weathering, and clearly The crop tuber of stone cleaning and residual, the intensive cultivation for carrying out third time in 10～12 days prior to seeding carry out turning over plough, rake, pick Go out weeds, the basal dressing when second earthing is ploughed deeply makes soil fully mix with base manure, base manure is by the farm manure, phosphate fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed Constitute with nitrogenous fertilizer, the consumption of the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2500～2700kg/ mus, the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 10kg/ mus, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer For 8kg/ mus;

(3) make plantation seedbed：To plant that ground surface is whole carefully to rake, ground is made into by plantation seedbed, seedbed a height of 20 according to landform The distance between～22cm, a width of 1.0～1.2m, adjacent seedbed be 15～18cm, seedbed length natural length then according to landform Setting, when making seedbed, does gutter in planting site surrounding；

(4) sow：

A. seed treatment：Seed soaking 2h is first used before sowing, then with 40～45 DEG C of water seed soaking 20h, then is pressed with 50% carbendazim 0.6% seed dressing of seed weight, while adding 1 times of fine sand mixing seed dressing；

B. sowing time：At the beginning of late June to 7 months, under rainwater thoroughly, soil is sowed after being sufficiently humidified so as to；

C. application rate：Per mu with kind of a 1.0kg；

D. type of seeding：Using wrong cave seeding method, by line-spacing 25cm, the program request of hill spacing 20cm, distribution triangular in shape between adjacent cave, Per bunch planting 4 seeds of kind, finish the seed fine earth for sieving and gently cover 2～3cm, be somewhat compacted, and lid last layer is broken careless or withered Leaf is with moisturizing；

(5) field management：

A. thinning final singling：Starting thinning during 15～18cm of height of seedling, 1 plant of strong sprout being stayed per cave, a Seedling for going out is used to fill a vacancy, when filling the gaps with seedlings Must balled transplanting, watered after cultivation in time；

B. middle weeding：With reference to thinning, first time weeding is carried out, is preferably removed with hand-lifting；Later stage carries out the weeding of shallow hoe with hoe Plough, avoid hindering root when hoeing up weeds, affect growth, respectively carry out once in late July, mid-August and late September, accomplish field without miscellaneous Grass；Second Year spring will clean field, turn green to envelope moisture in the soil and be still to carry out weeding in 2～3 times；

C. topdress：After seedling grows to 30cm, with reference to watering, per mu imposes N:P:K=2:1:2 15～18kg of compound fertilizer, wherein Imposed compound fertilizer applies.Impose on by strain, apply rear earthing；After Second Year is turned green, 5～mid-June, with reference to watering, mu applies carbamide The ratio of 500～550kg of liquid, carbamide and water is 1:60；And in late July～early August, with reference to watering, mu imposes compound fertilizer 30kg, imposes on by strain, applies rear earthing；

D. pluck flower bud：After planting Second Year late June～mid-July, on Radix Dipsaci plant, extract alabastrum successively out, in addition to seed field, its Its alabastrum is extractd without exception, and cuts off 1/5～1/4 branch and leaf for growing vigorous plant, nutrient is concentrated on rhizome, to ensure Radix Dipsaci The quality of medical material；

(6) harvest：After planting Second Year late November～early December harvesting, prescinds stem and leaf withered on the ground with reaping hook, digs out The complete rhizome in underground, removes soil and reed head.

Embodiment 2：

A kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci, the cultural method include that planting site selection, site preparation, basal dressing, making kind are planted seedlings Bed, sowing, field management and harvesting step, comprise the following steps that：

(1) planting site is selected：Between selecting hillside of the height above sea level in the range of 2400～2600m, the gradient on hillside to spend 10 to 15, The soil is porous, soil layer is deep, well-drained sandy loam mountain region is used as planting site；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Carry out ploughing deeply 43～48cm in the winter time to planting site, and with 50% wettability carbendazim, 700 times of liquid Soil is sprayed, Second Year carried out second earthing and ploughs deeply 28～32cm in 3～April to the plot after weathering, and clearly The crop tuber of stone cleaning and residual, the intensive cultivation for carrying out third time in 12～13 days prior to seeding carry out turning over plough, rake, pick Go out weeds, the basal dressing when second earthing is ploughed deeply makes soil fully mix with base manure, base manure is by the farm manure, phosphate fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed Constitute with nitrogenous fertilizer, the consumption of the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2700～2800kg/ mus, the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 11kg/ mus, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer For 9kg/ mus;

(3) make plantation seedbed：To plant that ground surface is whole carefully to rake, ground is made into by plantation seedbed, seedbed a height of 22 according to landform The distance between～24cm, a width of 1.0～1.2m, adjacent seedbed be 16～18cm, seedbed length natural length then according to landform Setting, when making seedbed, does gutter in planting site surrounding；

(4) sow：

A. seed treatment：Seed soaking 2.5h is used first before sowing, then with 40～45 DEG C of 22 h of water seed soaking, then with bacterium more than 50% 0.7% seed dressing of seed weight is pressed in spirit, while adding 1.2 times of fine sand mixing seed dressings；

B. sowing time：At the beginning of late June to 7 months, under rainwater thoroughly, soil is sowed after being sufficiently humidified so as to；

C. application rate：Per mu with kind of a 1.1kg；

D. type of seeding：Using wrong cave seeding method, by line-spacing 26cm, the program request of hill spacing 23cm, distribution triangular in shape between adjacent cave, Per bunch planting 3 seeds of kind, finish the seed fine earth for sieving and gently cover 2～3cm, be somewhat compacted, and lid last layer is broken careless or withered Leaf is with moisturizing；

(5) field management：

A. thinning final singling：Starting thinning during 16～18cm of height of seedling, 2 plants of strong sprout being stayed per cave, a Seedling for going out is used to fill a vacancy, one when filling the gaps with seedlings Surely balled transplanting is wanted, is watered after cultivation in time；

B. middle weeding：With reference to thinning, first time weeding is carried out, is preferably removed with hand-lifting；Later stage carries out the weeding of shallow hoe with hoe Plough, avoid hindering root when hoeing up weeds, affect growth, respectively carry out once in late July, mid-August and late September, accomplish field without miscellaneous Grass；Second Year spring will clean field, turn green to envelope moisture in the soil and be still to carry out weeding in 2～3 times；

C. topdress：After seedling grows to 30cm, with reference to watering, per mu imposes N:P:K=2:1:2 18～20kg of compound fertilizer, imposes on Strain is other, applies rear earthing；After Second Year is turned green, 5～mid-June, 500～600kg of urea solution, carbamide and water are applied with reference to the mu that waters Ratio be 1:60；And in late July～early August, 32～34kg of compound fertilizer is imposed with reference to watering per mu, impose on by strain, apply Earthing afterwards；

D. pluck flower bud：After planting Second Year late June～mid-July, on Radix Dipsaci plant, extract alabastrum successively out, in addition to seed field, its Its alabastrum is extractd without exception, and cuts off 1/5～1/4 branch and leaf for growing vigorous plant, nutrient is concentrated on rhizome, to ensure Radix Dipsaci The quality of medical material；

(6) harvest：After planting Second Year late November～early December harvesting, prescinds stem and leaf withered on the ground with reaping hook, digs out The complete rhizome in underground, removes soil and reed head.

Embodiment 3：

A kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci, the cultural method include that planting site selection, site preparation, basal dressing, making kind are planted seedlings Bed, sowing, field management and harvesting step, comprise the following steps that：

(1) planting site is selected：Between selecting hillside of the height above sea level in the range of 2600～2800m, the gradient on hillside to spend 15 to 20, The soil is porous, soil layer is deep, well-drained sandy loam mountain region is used as planting site；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Carry out ploughing deeply 45～50cm in the winter time to planting site, and with 50% wettability carbendazim, 700 times of liquid Soil is sprayed, Second Year carried out second earthing and ploughs deeply 25～35cm in 3～April to the plot after weathering, and clearly The crop tuber of stone cleaning and residual, the intensive cultivation for carrying out third time in 13～15 days prior to seeding carry out turning over plough, rake, pick Go out weeds, the basal dressing when second earthing is ploughed deeply makes soil fully mix with base manure, base manure is by the farm manure, phosphate fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed Constitute with nitrogenous fertilizer, the consumption of the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2800～3000kg/ mus, the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 12kg/ mus, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer For 10kg/ mus;

(3) make plantation seedbed：To plant that ground surface is whole carefully to rake, ground is made into by plantation seedbed, seedbed a height of 23 according to landform The distance between～25cm, a width of 1.0～1.2m, adjacent seedbed be 18～20cm, seedbed length natural length then according to landform Setting, when making seedbed, does gutter in planting site surrounding；

(4) sow：

A. seed treatment：Seed soaking 3h is first used before sowing, then with 40～45 DEG C of 24 h of water seed soaking, then 50% carbendazim is used Dress seed by the 0.8% of seed weight, while adding 1.5 times of fine sand mixing seed dressings；

B. sowing time：At the beginning of late June to 7 months, under rainwater thoroughly, soil is sowed after being sufficiently humidified so as to；

C. application rate：Per mu with kind of a 1.2kg；

D. type of seeding：Using wrong cave seeding method, by line-spacing 28cm, the program request of hill spacing 25cm, distribution triangular in shape between adjacent cave, Per bunch planting 4 seeds of kind, finish the seed fine earth for sieving and gently cover 2～3cm, be somewhat compacted, and lid last layer is broken careless or withered Leaf is with moisturizing；

(5) field management：

A. thinning final singling：Starting thinning during 18～20cm of height of seedling, 2 plants of strong sprout being stayed per cave, a Seedling for going out is used to fill a vacancy, one when filling the gaps with seedlings Surely balled transplanting is wanted, is watered after cultivation in time；

B. middle weeding：With reference to thinning, first time weeding is carried out, is preferably removed with hand-lifting；Later stage carries out the weeding of shallow hoe with hoe Plough, avoid hindering root when hoeing up weeds, affect growth, respectively carry out once in late July, mid-August and late September, accomplish field without miscellaneous Grass；Second Year spring will clean field, turn green to envelope moisture in the soil and be still to carry out weeding in 2～3 times；

C. topdress：After seedling grows to 30cm, 18～20kg of compound fertilizer is imposed with reference to watering per mu, imposed on by strain, apply rear earthing； After Second Year is turned green, 5～mid-June, the ratio for applying 580～600kg of urea solution, carbamide and water with reference to the mu that waters is 1:60； And in late July～early August, 33～35kg of compound fertilizer is imposed with reference to watering per mu, impose on by strain, apply rear earthing；

D. pluck flower bud：After planting Second Year late June～mid-July, on Radix Dipsaci plant, extract alabastrum successively out, in addition to seed field, its Its alabastrum is extractd without exception, and cuts off 1/5～1/4 branch and leaf for growing vigorous plant, nutrient is concentrated on rhizome, to ensure Radix Dipsaci The quality of medical material；

(6) harvest：After planting the Second Year last ten-days period in November～early December harvesting, prescinds stem and leaf withered on the ground with reaping hook, digs out The complete rhizome in underground, removes soil and reed head.

Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, the scope of the claims of the present invention is not thereby limited, it is every using this The improvement of the various unsubstantialities that bright method design and technical scheme are carried out, or it is not improved by the design of the present invention and technology Scheme directly applies to other occasions, within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of artificial cultivation method of Radix Dipsaci, it is characterised in that the cultural method includes planting site selection, site preparation, Shi Ji Fertilizer, making plantation seedbed, sowing, field management and harvesting step, comprise the following steps that：

(1) planting site is selected：Select hillside of the height above sea level in the range of 2000～2800m, the gradient on hillside below 20 degree, soil property Loose, soil layer is deep, well-drained sandy loam mountain region is used as planting site；

(2) site preparation and basal dressing：Carry out ploughing deeply 40～50cm in the winter time to planting site, and with 50% wettability carbendazim, 700 times of liquid Soil is sprayed, Second Year carried out second earthing and ploughs deeply 25～35cm in 3～April to the plot after weathering, and clearly The crop tuber of stone cleaning and residual, the intensive cultivation for carrying out third time in 10～15 days prior to seeding carry out turning over plough, rake, pick Go out weeds, basal dressing when second earthing is ploughed deeply makes soil fully mix with base manure, base manure by the farm manure, phosphate fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed and Nitrogenous fertilizer is constituted, and the consumption of the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2500～3000kg/ mus, and the consumption of phosphate fertilizer is 10～12kg/ mus, the use of nitrogenous fertilizer Measure as 8～10kg/ mus;

(3) make plantation seedbed：To plant that ground surface is whole carefully to rake, ground is made into by plantation seedbed, seedbed a height of 20 according to landform The distance between～25cm, a width of 1.0～1.2m, adjacent seedbed be 15～20cm, seedbed length natural length then according to landform Setting, when making seedbed, does gutter in planting site surrounding；

(4) sow：

A. seed treatment：First with 2～3h of Seed soaking before sowing, then with 40～45 DEG C of 20～24h of water seed soaking, then with 50% Carbendazim presses 0.6～0.8% seed dressing of seed weight, while adding 1～1.5 times of fine sand mixing seed dressing of seed weight；

B. sowing time：At the beginning of late June to 7 months, under rainwater thoroughly, soil is sowed after being sufficiently humidified so as to；

C. application rate：Per mu with plant 1.0～1.2kg；

D. type of seeding：Using wrong cave seeding method, by 25～28cm of line-spacing, hill spacing 20～25cm program requests, it is in three between adjacent cave Angular distribution, per bunch planting 3～4 seeds of kind, finishes the seed fine earth for sieving and gently covers 2～3cm, be somewhat compacted, and cover One layer of broken grass or dead leaf are with moisturizing；

(5) field management：

A. thinning final singling：Starting thinning during 15～20cm of height of seedling, 1～2 plant of strong sprout being stayed per cave, a Seedling for going out is used to fill a vacancy, and fills the gaps with seedlings When must balled transplanting, watered after cultivation in time；

B. middle weeding：With reference to thinning, first time weeding is carried out, is preferably removed with hand-lifting；Later stage carries out the weeding of shallow hoe with hoe Plough, avoid hindering root when hoeing up weeds, affect growth, respectively carry out once in late July, mid-August and late September, accomplish field without miscellaneous Grass；Second Year spring will clean field, turn green to envelope moisture in the soil and be still to carry out weeding in 2～3 times；

C. topdress：After seedling grows to 30cm, 15～20kg of compound fertilizer is imposed with reference to watering per mu, imposed on by strain, apply rear earthing； After Second Year is turned green, 5～mid-June, the ratio for applying 500～600kg of urea solution, carbamide and water with reference to watering per mu is 1: 60；And in late July～early August, 30～35kg of compound fertilizer is imposed with reference to watering per mu, impose on by strain, apply rear earthing；

D. pluck flower bud：After planting Second Year late June～mid-July, on Radix Dipsaci plant, extract alabastrum successively out, in addition to seed field, its Its alabastrum is extractd without exception, and cuts off 1/5～1/4 branch and leaf for growing vigorous plant, nutrient is concentrated on rhizome, to ensure Radix Dipsaci The quality of medical material；

(6) harvest：After planting Second Year late November～early December harvesting, prescinds stem and leaf withered on the ground with reaping hook, digs out The complete rhizome in underground, removes soil and reed head.

2. the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Radix Dipsaci according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (5) the field pipe During reason, wherein imposed compound fertilizer applies N:P:K=2:1:2 compound fertilizer.