CN104756722A - Alfalfa and oat crop rotation and cultivation method - Google Patents
Alfalfa and oat crop rotation and cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alfalfa and oat crop rotation and cultivation method. According to the alfalfa and oat crop rotation and cultivation method, after alfalfa is planted for four to six years, a field is ploughed, oat is planted one time every year or two times every year or three times every two years, then the alfalfa is planted again, and crop rotation is repeated. The oat planting method comprises the steps of deep ploughing of the field where the alfalfa is planted, weeding, oat planting, field managing, oat harvesting, ploughing of the field where the oat is planted, alfalfa planting, deep ploughing, weeding, alfalfa planting, field managing and alfalfa harvesting. By means of the method, the autotoxicity of the alfalfa can be overcome, fodder grass can be obtained, and the alfalfa can be used for fixing nitrogen in soil. As excellent grain feed and crop, the growth period of the oat is short, the requirement of the oat for soil is not strict, and oat green hay stems and leaves are abundant in nutrition, good in palatability and high in digestibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to forage grass planting technology field, specifically the alternating method of a kind of alfalfa and oat.
Background technology
Along with China milk industry development, constantly increase the demand of high quality grass, the No.1 Central File of 12 proposes " revitalizing milk industry clover developing activity ", and domestic clover (Medicagosativa) cultivated area progressively increases.Usual alfalfa grasslands can maintain 2 ~ 4 years, and productivity declines gradually afterwards.If now Planting Medicago sativa more again immediately, because of clover contain water-soluble from poisonous substance matter, inhibitory action is produced to the growth of new Planting Medicago sativa, thus will with other herbage or crop rotation reseeding clover again.
Clover output after utilizing the 4th year declines gradually, and planted the soil of clover, interval short period Planting Medicago sativa again, inhibitory action is produced to the growth of new Planting Medicago sativa, plough the clover seedling root system development directly sowed the same day to be suppressed, root is long have dropped 10% ~ 23%, seedling Quality Down 38% ~ 62% (Zhang Wenjie, Li Xianglin, Wan Liqiang, He Feng. turn over and sow the impact of interval time on rear stubble alfalfa growing. Practaculture Science, 2011, 28 (1): 127-130.), long-term continuous cropping presents Aboveground Biomass of Young and accumulates " biological funnel " phenomenon (Wang Jun reduced gradually, Liu Wenzhao, Zhong Liangping, Li Yushan. the Spatial Difference of long-term Planting Medicago sativa meadow Aboveground Biomass of Young and soil moisture continuously. Acta Prataculture, 2009, 18 (4): 41-46.).
Oat (Avena sativa) is also known as having shell oat, small bell wheat, and be a kind of excellent annual gramineae forage crop, essentialspecies is implanted in the provinces and regions such as the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Ningxia, Guizhou, Qinghai.Oat happiness is nice and cool but do not resist cold, preference temperature 15 ~ 25 DEG C, breeding time water requirement 360mm.Oat is tight for the selection of soil, all can plant at clay, loam, swamp soil, with clay loam and sandy loam for optimum.Cradle the oat hay of modulation in heading stage to milk ripe stage, quality is soft, and medium containing protein, sugar content is high, good palatability, and digestibility is high, and potassium content is low, is rich in high water soluble carbohydrate, has the good reputation of " sweet hay ".
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide crop rotation and the cultivation method thereof of a kind of alfalfa and oat, at Alfalfa Growing plough plantation oat, then plant alfalfa, repeat crop rotation after 4 ~ 6 years by this method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The crop rotation of alfalfa and oat and a cultivation method thereof, be plough plantation 1 year season of oat or 1 year two season or 2 years three seasons after 4 ~ 6 years at Alfalfa Growing, and then plant alfalfa, repeat crop rotation;
This method is made up of following steps:
I, alfalfa is ploughed and Oatplanting: plough plantation 1 year season of oat or 1 year two season or 2 years three seasons after 4 ~ 6 years at Alfalfa Growing;
I-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: during with oat crop rotation, kind of 1 year season of oat after alfalfa first batch or second batch cradle, make alfalfa toothing 4 ~ 5cm, kind of oat pond cultivating and 2 years three seasons spray Amex820 or trefanocide carries out soil treatment in early April, then alfalfa ground is ploughed deeply, ploughing depth is 30 ~ 35cm, airing 7-10 days;
I-b, Oatplanting: 1 year season, sow 6-7 is monthly, gather in the crops a season then; Pond cultivating, early spring (mid-April) is sowed, and gathers in the crops at the beginning of 7 months; Sowing second season mid-July after front stubble oat harvesting, mid-September gathers in the crops; In 2 years three seasons, early spring (mid-April) is sowed, and gathers in the crops at the beginning of 7 months; Second time sowing mid-July after front stubble oat harvesting, mid-September gathers in the crops; Second Year early spring (mid-April) broadcast again one season oat, at the beginning of 7 months gather in the crops; The drilling of machinery essence amount, seeding quantity 13 ~ 15kg/ mu, seed level 4 ~ 6cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm; Apply base manure during sowing simultaneously, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=12%, percentage by weight >=18% of P, K percentage by weight >=21% of N, fertilizing amount 10kg/ mu;
I-c, field management:
1. weed control: seedling stage, oat was responsive to medicament, and tillering stage prevents and kill off field broad leaved weed with 2,4-D butyl ester, 300 ~ 600 times of liquid spraying 72%, and consumption is 50g ~ 100g/ mu;
2. water and fertilizer management: respectively impose urea 1 time at shooting stage, heading stage, the amount of imposing is 5 ~ 8kg/ mu, irrigates after fertilising;
I-d, oat water content in harvest be heading stage to milk ripe stage, the harvesting frequency of oat is 1 time;
II, oat ploughs and Alfalfa Growing: plough plantation alfalfa after 1 ~ 2 year 4 ~ 6 years at Oatplanting, concrete grammar is:
II-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: oat flowering stage to milk ripe stage time, first acrial part is cradled in advance, makes oat toothing 10 ~ 15cm, then Amex820 is sprayed or trefanocide carries out soil treatment, ploughed deeply by oat, ploughing depth is 20 ~ 25cm, airing 7-10 days;
II-b, Alfalfa Growing: sowed to mid or late July at the beginning of 6 months, the non-capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1 ~ 1.5kg/ mu, the capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ mu, adopt the sower of single-disc colter, the packer suppression degree of depth to 5 ~ 7cm, the drilling of machinery essence amount, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, applies base manure with sower during sowing simultaneously, diammonium phosphate 10 ㎏/mu, potassium sulfate 5 ㎏/mu;
II-c, field management:
1. weed control: when alfalfa grows the 1st group of compound leaf or before the weeds 3 leaf phase, be watered 30 ~ 40L spraying with 5% imazethapyr (5% lucerne grass is clean)+5% Quizalotop-ethyl 100 ~ 200ml/ mu, most of grassy weed and broad leaved weed can be prevented and kill off simultaneously;
2. water and fertilizer management: before raw alfalfa was turned green in 2 years, organic fertilizer 10 ㎏/mu; First batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 10 ~ 12%, the percentage by weight 15 ~ 18% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Second batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 10 ~ 12%, the percentage by weight 15 ~ 18% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Before entering the winter, execute potassium sulfate 4kg/ mu; The above fertilizer amount appropriateness of life in 2 years increases by 10 ~ 15%, irrigates after fertilising;
II-d, alfalfa harvest time be early or mid June to mid or late September, alfalfa results number of times be repeatedly;
Plough plantation oat after 4 ~ 6 years again at Alfalfa Growing, repeat the crop rotation that step I and II implements next round alfalfa oat.
Concrete grammar is turned in the middle deep ploughing of above-mentioned steps (I-a) and weed killer herbicide consumption is: be watered 450 ~ 600L spraying with 48% Amex820 missible oil or 48% trifluralin ec 200 ~ 250ml/ mu, then field drag is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, spike-tooth harrow is adopted to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then heavy duty harrow is adopted to carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level with gently harrowing, dark 14 ~ the 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, treats soil airing 7 ~ 10 days.
In above-mentioned steps II-a, deep ploughing turns over concrete grammar and weed killer herbicide consumption is: be watered 450 ~ 600L with 48% Amex820 missible oil or 48% trifluralin ec 200 ~ 250ml/ mu and spray, then field drag is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, spike-tooth harrow is adopted to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then heavy duty harrow is adopted to carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level with gently harrowing, dark 14 ~ the 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, sows after 7 ~ 10 days until soil airing.
In above-mentioned steps (II-a), oat cradles and ploughed before milk ripe stage.
The beneficial effect of the alternating method of alfalfa of the present invention and oat is: on the one hand can effectively overcome alfalfa Auto toxicity and obtain fodder grass, and alfalfa can also be utilized on the other hand to be fixed on nitrogen in soil.Oat is as the excellent transition silos crop of one, and breeding time is short, and require not strict to soil, oat green hay cauline leaf is nutritious, good palatability, and digestibility is high.The crop rotation of alfalfa and oat increases nitrogen fixation, increases soil fertility, and increases soil organic matter content, improves the water use efficiency of soil permeability and succession crop, can increase the general activity of edaphon simultaneously.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The alternating method of alfalfa and oat, is plough plantation 1 year season of oat after 4 years at Alfalfa Growing, and then ploughs plantation alfalfa, repeat crop rotation.Except the following alternating method of the present invention, all the other alfalfas are identical with the implantation methods of conventional alfalfa and oat with the implantation methods of oat.
This alfalfa and the alternating method of oat, specifically comprise the steps:
I, alfalfa is ploughed and Oatplanting: plough plantation 1 year season of oat after 4 years at Alfalfa Growing, concrete grammar is:
I-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: during with oat crop rotation, 1 year season after alfalfa first batch cradles, make alfalfa toothing 4 ~ 5cm, 450L spraying is watered with 48% Amex820 missible oil 200ml/ mu, then field drag (model 1BQX-2.3) is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, spike-tooth harrow is adopted to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then adopt heavy duty harrow and gently to harrow (model 1BQX-1.3) and carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level, dark 14 ~ the 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, treats soil airing 9 days;
I-b, Oatplanting:
1. planting environment condition: Shao Gen town, Alukeerqin Banner, Chifeng, semiarid continental monsoon climatic region, temperate zone in genus, average temperature of the whole year is 5.5 DEG C, and annual accumution is 2900 ~ 3400 DEG C, frost-free season 125-135d, mean annual precipitation 300 ~ 400mm.Soil organic matter content 0.97%, full nitrogen 0.06%, rapid available phosphorus 8.1mg/kg, available potassium 104mg/kg are desertization soil, cultivated area 50 mu.
2. sow: 1 year season, in sowing mid-June, gather in the crops a season then.The drilling of machinery essence amount, seeding quantity 13 ~ 15kg/ mu, seed level 4 ~ 6cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm.Apply base manure during sowing simultaneously, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 12%, the percentage by weight 18% of P, K percentage by weight 21%, the fertilizing amount 10kg/ mu of N;
I-c, field management:
1. weed control: seedling stage is responsive to medicament, and tillering stage prevents and kill off field broad leaved weed with 2,4-D butyl ester, 300 ~ 600 times of liquid spraying 72%, and consumption is 70g/ mu;
2. water and fertilizer management: respectively impose urea 1 time at shooting stage, heading stage, the amount of imposing is 5 ~ 8kg/ mu, irrigates after fertilising;
I-d, oat water content in harvest be heading stage to milk ripe stage, the harvesting frequency of oat is 1 time;
II, oat ploughs and Alfalfa Growing: plough plantation alfalfa after 1 year 4 ~ 6 years at Oatplanting, concrete grammar is:
II-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: oat flowering stage to milk ripe stage time, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make oat toothing 10 ~ 15cm, treat that Second Year is watered 450L spraying with 48% Amex820 missible oil 200ml/ mu mid-June, then field drag (model 1BQX-2.3) is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, spike-tooth harrow is adopted to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then adopt heavy duty harrow and gently to harrow (model 1BQX-1.3) and carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level, dark 14 ~ the 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, treats soil airing 9 days;
II-b, Alfalfa Growing: Second Year late June sowing after oat results, the non-capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1 ~ 1.5kg/ mu, the capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ mu, adopt the sower (in model agricultural machinery 4526) of single-disc colter, the packer suppression degree of depth to 5 ~ 7cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, apply base manure with sower, diammonium phosphate 10 ㎏/mu, potassium sulfate 5 ㎏/mu during sowing simultaneously;
II-c, field management:
1. weed control: when alfalfa grows the 1st group of compound leaf or before the weeds 3 leaf phase, be watered 30 ~ 40L spraying with 5% imazethapyr (5% lucerne grass is clean)+5% Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml ~ 200ml/ mu, most of grassy weed and broad leaved weed can be prevented and kill off simultaneously;
2. water and fertilizer management: before raw alfalfa was turned green in 2 years, organic fertilizer 10 ㎏/mu; First batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 12%, percentage by weight >=18% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Second batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 12%, the percentage by weight 18% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Before entering the winter, execute potassium sulfate 4kg/ mu; The above fertilizer amount appropriateness of life in 2 years increases by 10 ~ 15%, irrigates after fertilising;
II-d, alfalfa harvest time be early or mid June to mid or late September, alfalfa results number of times be repeatedly;
Plough plantation oat after 4 ~ 6 years again at Alfalfa Growing, repeat the crop rotation that step I and II implements next round alfalfa oat.
Utilize above-mentioned rotation cropping technology compared with sequential cropping cultivation technology, can be embodied further by the data in table 1.
The output of alfalfa and oat after table 1 alfalfa and oat rotation and continuous cultivation
From above data, adopt the method for the invention, every mu of alfalfa hay output 25.9% can be significantly improved.
Embodiment 2:
Plough plantation 1 year two season of oat after 5 years at Alfalfa Growing, and then plough plantation alfalfa, repeat crop rotation.Except the following alternating method of the present invention, all the other alfalfas are identical with the implantation methods of conventional alfalfa and oat with the implantation methods of oat.
The alternating method of this alfalfa and oat, specifically comprises the steps:
I, alfalfa is ploughed and Oatplanting: plough plantation 1 year two season of oat after 5 years at Alfalfa Growing, concrete grammar is:
I-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: during with oat crop rotation, ploughing in early April of 1 year two season, 600L spraying is watered with 48% trifluralin ec 250ml/ mu, then field drag (model 1BQX-2.3) is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, adopt spike-tooth harrow to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then adopt heavy duty harrow and gently to harrow (model 1BQX-1.3) and carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level, the dark 14 ~ 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, treats soil airing 10 days;
I-b, Oatplanting:
1. plant place, natural environment, soil condition are identical with embodiment 1, cultivated area 30 mu.
2. sow: 1 year two season, early spring (mid-April) is sowed, and gathers in the crops at the beginning of 7 months; Sowing second season mid-July after front stubble oat harvesting, mid-September gathers in the crops.The drilling of machinery essence amount, seeding quantity 13 ~ 15kg/ mu, seed level 4 ~ 6cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm.Apply base manure during sowing simultaneously, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 12%, the percentage by weight 18% of P, K percentage by weight 21%, the fertilizing amount 10kg/ mu of N;
I-c, field management:
1. weed control: seedling stage is responsive to medicament, and tillering stage prevents and kill off field broad leaved weed with 2,4-D butyl ester, 400 ~ 600 times of liquid spraying 72%, and consumption is 80g/ mu;
2. water and fertilizer management: respectively impose urea 1 time at shooting stage, heading stage, the amount of imposing is 5 ~ 8kg/ mu, irrigates after fertilising;
I-d, oat water content in harvest were before heading stage to milk ripe stage, and the harvesting frequency of oat is 1 time;
II, oat ploughs and Alfalfa Growing: plough plantation alfalfa after 1 year 4 ~ 6 years at Oatplanting, concrete grammar is:
II-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: oat flowering stage to milk ripe stage time, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make oat toothing 10 ~ 15cm, treat that Second Year was watered 600L spraying with 48% trifluralin ec 250ml/ mu at the beginning of 6 months, then field drag (model 1BQX-2.3) is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, spike-tooth harrow is adopted to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then adopt heavy duty harrow and gently to harrow (model 1BQX-1.3) and carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level, dark 14 ~ the 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, treats soil airing 10 days;
II-b, Alfalfa Growing: after oat results, Second Year was sowed in mid-June, the non-capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1 ~ 1.5kg/ mu, the capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ mu, adopt the sower (in model agricultural machinery 4526) of single-disc colter, the packer suppression degree of depth to 5 ~ 7cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, apply base manure with sower, diammonium phosphate 10 ㎏/mu, potassium sulfate 5 ㎏/mu during sowing simultaneously;
II-c, field management:
1. weed control: when alfalfa grows the 1st group of compound leaf or before the weeds 3 leaf phase, be watered 30 ~ 40L spraying with 5% imazethapyr (5% lucerne grass is clean)+5% Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml ~ 200ml/ mu, most of grassy weed and broad leaved weed can be prevented and kill off simultaneously;
2. water and fertilizer management: before raw alfalfa was turned green in 2 years, organic fertilizer 10 ㎏/mu; First batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 10%, the percentage by weight 15% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Second batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 10%, the percentage by weight 15% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Before entering the winter, execute potassium sulfate 4kg/ mu; The above fertilizer amount appropriateness of life in 2 years increases by 10 ~ 15%, irrigates after fertilising;
II-d, alfalfa harvest time be early or mid June to mid or late September, alfalfa results number of times be repeatedly;
Plough plantation oat after 4 ~ 6 years again at Alfalfa Growing, repeat the crop rotation that step I and II implements next round alfalfa oat.
Utilize above-mentioned rotation cropping technology compared with sequential cropping cultivation technology, can be embodied further by the data in table 2.
The output of alfalfa and oat after table 2 alfalfa and oat rotation and continuous cultivation
From table 2 data, adopt the method for the invention, every mu of alfalfa hay output 28.0% can be significantly improved.
Embodiment 3:
After Alfalfa Growing 6, plough plantation 2 years three seasons of oat, and then plough plantation alfalfa, repeat crop rotation.Except the following alternating method of the present invention, all the other alfalfas are identical with the implantation methods of conventional alfalfa and oat with the implantation methods of oat.
The alternating method of this alfalfa and oat, specifically comprises the steps:
I, alfalfa is ploughed and Oatplanting: plough plantation 2 years three seasons of oat after 6 years at Alfalfa Growing, concrete grammar is:
I-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: during with oat crop rotation, ploughing in early April of 2 years three seasons, 600L spraying is watered with 48% trifluralin ec 250ml/ mu, then field drag (model 1BQX-2.3) is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, adopt spike-tooth harrow to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then adopt heavy duty harrow and gently to harrow (model 1BQX-1.3) and carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level, the dark 14 ~ 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, treats soil airing 10 days;
I-b, Oatplanting:
1. plant place, environment, soil condition are identical with embodiment 1, cultivated area 40 mu.
2. sow: 2 years three seasons, early spring (mid-April) is sowed, and gathers in the crops at the beginning of 7 months; Second time sowing mid-July after front stubble oat harvesting, mid-September gathers in the crops; Second Year early spring (mid-April) broadcast again one season oat, at the beginning of 7 months gather in the crops.The drilling of machinery essence amount, seeding quantity 13 ~ 15kg/ mu, seed level 4 ~ 6cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm.Apply base manure during sowing simultaneously, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 12%, the percentage by weight 18% of P, K percentage by weight 21%, the fertilizing amount 10kg/ mu of N;
I-c, field management:
1. weed control: seedling stage is responsive to medicament, and tillering stage prevents and kill off field broad leaved weed with 2,4-D butyl ester, 300 ~ 600 times of liquid spraying 72%, and consumption is 90g/ mu;
2. water and fertilizer management: respectively impose urea 1 time at shooting stage, heading stage, the amount of imposing is 5 ~ 8kg/ mu, irrigates after fertilising;
I-d, oat water content in harvest were before heading stage to milk ripe stage, and the harvesting frequency of oat is 1 time;
II, oat ploughs and Alfalfa Growing: plough plantation alfalfa after 2 years 4 ~ 6 years at Oatplanting, concrete grammar is:
II-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: oat flowering stage to milk ripe stage time, first acrial part is cradled in advance, make oat toothing 10 ~ 15cm, 600L spraying is watered with 48% trifluralin ec 250ml/ mu, then field drag (model 1BQX-2.3) is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, spike-tooth harrow is adopted to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then adopt heavy duty harrow and gently to harrow (model 1BQX-1.3) and carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level, dark 14 ~ the 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, treats soil airing 10 days;
II-b, Alfalfa Growing: sow in mid or late July, the non-capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1 ~ 1.5kg/ mu, the capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ mu, adopt the sower (in model agricultural machinery 4526) of single-disc colter, the packer suppression degree of depth to 5 ~ 7cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, apply base manure with sower, diammonium phosphate 10 ㎏/mu, potassium sulfate 5 ㎏/mu during sowing simultaneously;
II-c, field management:
1. weed control: when alfalfa grows the 1st group of compound leaf or before the weeds 3 leaf phase, be watered 30 ~ 40L spraying with 5% imazethapyr (5% lucerne grass is clean)+5% Quizalotop-ethyl 100ml ~ 200ml/ mu, most of grassy weed and broad leaved weed can be prevented and kill off simultaneously;
2. water and fertilizer management: before raw alfalfa was turned green in 2 years, organic fertilizer 10 ㎏/mu; First batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 10%, the percentage by weight 15% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Second batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 10%, the percentage by weight 15% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Before entering the winter, execute potassium sulfate 4kg/ mu; The above fertilizer amount appropriateness of life in 2 years increases by 10 ~ 15%, irrigates after fertilising;
II-d, alfalfa harvest time are for broadcasting rear Second Year early or mid June to mid or late September, and the number of times of alfalfa results is repeatedly;
After Alfalfa Growing 4-6, plough plantation oat again, repeat the crop rotation that step I and II implements next round alfalfa oat.
Utilize above-mentioned rotation cropping technology compared with sequential cropping cultivation technology, can be embodied further by the data in table 3.
The output of alfalfa and oat after table 3 alfalfa and oat rotation and continuous cultivation
From above data, adopt the method for the invention, every mu of alfalfa hay output 38.4% can be significantly improved.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the crop rotation of alfalfa and oat and a cultivation method thereof, is characterized in that: it ploughs plantation 1 year season of oat or 1 year two season or 2 years three seasons after 4 ~ 6 years at Alfalfa Growing, and then plant alfalfa, repeats crop rotation; This method is made up of following steps:
I, alfalfa is ploughed and Oatplanting: plough plantation 1 year season of oat or 1 year two season or 2 years three seasons after 4 ~ 6 years at Alfalfa Growing;
I-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: during with oat crop rotation, kind 1 year season of oat, after alfalfa first batch or second batch cradle, make alfalfa toothing 4 ~ 5cm, kind of oat pond cultivating and 2 years three seasons spray Amex820 or trefanocide carries out soil treatment in early April, then plough deeply alfalfa ground, ploughing depth is 30 ~ 35cm, airing 7-10 days;
I-b, Oatplanting: 1 year season, sow 6-7 is monthly, gather in the crops a season then; Pond cultivating, mid-April is sowed, and gathers in the crops at the beginning of 7 months; Sowing second season mid-July after front stubble oat harvesting, mid-September gathers in the crops; In 2 years three seasons, mid-April is sowed, and gathers in the crops at the beginning of 7 months; Second time sowing mid-July after front stubble oat harvesting, mid-September gathers in the crops; Second Year to broadcast again mid-April one season oat, gather in the crops at the beginning of 7 months; The drilling of machinery essence amount, seeding quantity 13 ~ 15kg/ mu, seed level 4 ~ 6cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm; Apply base manure during sowing simultaneously, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight >=12%, percentage by weight >=18% of P, K percentage by weight >=21% of N, fertilizing amount 10kg/ mu;
I-c, field management:
1. weed control: seedling stage, oat was responsive to medicament, and tillering stage prevents and kill off field broad leaved weed with 2,4-D butyl ester, 300 ~ 600 times of liquid spraying 72%, and consumption is 50g ~ 100g/ mu;
2. water and fertilizer management: respectively impose urea 1 time at shooting stage, heading stage, the amount of imposing is 5 ~ 8kg/ mu, irrigates after fertilising;
I-d, oat water content in harvest be heading stage to milk ripe stage, the harvesting frequency of oat is 1 time;
II, oat ploughs and Alfalfa Growing: plough plantation alfalfa after 1 ~ 2 year 4 ~ 6 years at Oatplanting, concrete grammar is:
II-a, deep ploughing are turned over and weeding: oat flowering stage to milk ripe stage time, first acrial part is cradled in advance, makes oat toothing 10 ~ 15cm, then Amex820 is sprayed or trefanocide carries out soil treatment, ploughed deeply by oat, ploughing depth is 20 ~ 25cm, airing 7-10 days;
II-b, Alfalfa Growing: sowed to mid or late July at the beginning of 6 months, the non-capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1 ~ 1.5kg/ mu, the capsuled seed amount of broadcasting is 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ mu, adopt the sower of single-disc colter, the packer suppression degree of depth to 5 ~ 7cm, the drilling of machinery essence amount, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, applies base manure with sower during sowing simultaneously, diammonium phosphate 10 ㎏/mu, potassium sulfate 5 ㎏/mu;
II-c, field management:
1. weed control: when alfalfa grows the 1st group of compound leaf or before the weeds 3 leaf phase, is watered 30 ~ 40L spraying with 5% imazethapyr+5% Quizalotop-ethyl 100 ~ 200ml/ mu, can prevents and kill off most of grassy weed and broad leaved weed simultaneously;
2. water and fertilizer management: before raw alfalfa was turned green in 2 years, organic fertilizer 10 ㎏/mu; First batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 10 ~ 12%, the percentage by weight 15 ~ 18% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Second batch cradle after, use urea, composite fertilizer that superphosphate, potassium sulfate mix, wherein percentage by weight 10 ~ 12%, the percentage by weight 15 ~ 18% of P, the K percentage by weight 21% of N, fertilizing amount 10 ㎏/mu; Before entering the winter, execute potassium sulfate 4kg/ mu; The above fertilizer amount appropriateness of life in 2 years increases by 10 ~ 15%, irrigates after fertilising;
II-d, alfalfa harvest time be early or mid June to mid or late September, alfalfa results number of times be repeatedly;
Plough plantation oat after 4 ~ 6 years again at Alfalfa Growing, repeat the crop rotation that step I and II implements next round alfalfa oat.
2. the crop rotation of alfalfa according to claim 1 and oat and cultivation method thereof, it is characterized in that: in its above-mentioned steps I-a, deep ploughing turns over concrete grammar and weed killer herbicide consumption is: be watered 450 ~ 600L with 48% Amex820 missible oil or 48% trifluralin ec 200 ~ 250ml/ mu and spray, then field drag is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, spike-tooth harrow is adopted to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then heavy duty harrow is adopted to carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level with gently harrowing, dark 14 ~ the 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, treats soil airing 7-10 days.
3. the crop rotation of alfalfa according to claim 1 and oat and cultivation method thereof, it is characterized in that: in its above-mentioned steps II-a, deep ploughing turns over concrete grammar and weed killer herbicide consumption is: be watered 450 ~ 600L with 48% Amex820 missible oil or 48% trifluralin ec 200 ~ 250ml/ mu and spray, then field drag is adopted deeply to harrow 2 times, spike-tooth harrow is adopted to be removed by the root system stayed in soil rake again, then heavy duty harrow is adopted to carry out diagonal angle and rake the soil level with gently harrowing, dark 14 ~ the 18cm of heavy duty harrow, dark 12 ~ the 14cm of light rake, sows after 7-10 days until soil airing.
4. the crop rotation of alfalfa according to claim 1 and oat and cultivation method thereof, is characterized in that: in its above-mentioned steps II-a, oat cradles and ploughed before milk ripe stage.
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