CN104137729A - Sorghum breeding material generation adding method for obtaining three generations in one year - Google Patents
Sorghum breeding material generation adding method for obtaining three generations in one year Download PDFInfo
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- CN104137729A CN104137729A CN201410381500.4A CN201410381500A CN104137729A CN 104137729 A CN104137729 A CN 104137729A CN 201410381500 A CN201410381500 A CN 201410381500A CN 104137729 A CN104137729 A CN 104137729A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sorghum breeding material generation adding method for obtaining three generations in one year. The sorghum breeding material generation adding method comprises the following steps that (1) early seedling breeding and management are carried out on first-cropping materials, (2) transplantation conditions of first-generation sorghum materials are determined, (3) temperature and humidity adjustment and management after transplantation are carried out on the sorghum materials in a greenhouse, (4) the harvest time of the first-generation materials is determined, (5) seed treatment is carried out before the first-generation sorghum materials are sown, (6) the germination rate of seeds produced by the second-cropping sorghum is controlled, and (7) third-generation seeds are managed when bred in the south. According to the sorghum breeding material generation adding method, one generation is added locally by means of the green house, another generation is added by means of special climate conditions in Hainan province, as a result, the generation adding technology for obtaining three generations in one year is realized, by the adoption of the generation adding technology, the sorghum breeding time in Sinkiang can be shortened, and the breeding efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specially a kind of 1 year three generations Jia Dai method of Sorghum Breeding material.
Background technology
Chinese sorghum is grass family sorghum, and annual herb plant is one of cereal crop of China's cultivation the earliest.The biological yield of Chinese sorghum and economic flow rate are all higher, have stronger drought resisting, waterlogging, Salt And Alkali Tolerance characteristic and adaptability, in Plain, hollow, the saline land of massif, waterlogging all can plant, and belongs to the crop of high yield, stable yields.CHINA SORGHUM is produced and be take grain sorghum as main, have sugar concurrently and belong to temperate continental climate with, feeding and technique Chinese sorghum Xinjiang, winter long, severe cold, summer is short, hot, autumn in spring seasonal variation is violent.Under normal circumstances Chinese sorghum 1 year can only maturation once, belong to northern spring sowing Zao Zhongshu district.Xinjiang Sorghum Breeding research starting is late, in order to accelerate breeding process, shortens breeding time, and increasing generation technique mainly carries out in Hainan at present.
Chinese sorghum south numerous added-generation technology refers to utilizes the plantation that winter, warm weather conditions carried out in south, Chinese sorghum south numerous added-generation main task be breeding material add generation, numerous, the hybrid seeding of symptom of a trend kind expansion composite, parent material.Realize two generations of Chinese sorghum 1 year strange land.In the generation that adds of prior art, can only add a generation.Compare with this technology, do not make full use of 2,3,4 months of First Year
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of 1 year three generations Jia Dai method of Sorghum Breeding material, utilize greenhouse to add a generation in locality, the special climate condition in recycling Hainan adds a generation again, realize 1 year three generations's of Chinese sorghum increasing generation technique, the Xinjiang Sorghum Breeding time is shortened in the utilization of this technology, improves breeding efficiency.Its technical scheme is:
1 year three generations Jia Dai method of Sorghum Breeding material, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the first season material ahead of time seedling-cultivating and administrative skill
Grow seedlings February in the good heating installation condition house that has of daylighting condition;
1) carry out Nutrition Soil preparation mid-February;
7 parts of loose fertile, lands for growing field crops table soil of not planting Chinese sorghum crop, add 3 parts of fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed for major ingredient, mix after sieving and make, auxiliary material: every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 0.5~1 kilogram of diammonium phosphate, 0.5~1 kilogram of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer again; In addition, every cubic metre enters 80~100 grams of 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% powder of carbendazim, to prevent sprout term disease; Nutrition Soil is filled to plastic nutritional alms bowl 3/4ths, block pattern row pattern to daylighting condition good there is heating installation condition house area without shade;
2) before seed treatment sowing, within 3-4 days, bask seeds, improve germination rate;
3) in nutritive cube, sow by the end of February
At average indoor temperature during at 20 ℃, nutritive cube is watered permeable, each nutritive cube is broadcast 3-4 grain sorghum seeds spacing 2cm, then covers the fine earth that 1cm is thick; After all finishing, on nutritive cube, cover transparent plastic film, to reach heat and moisture preserving effect;
4) strengthen seedling management
When seed sprouting reaches 50% in nutritive cube, throw off film; When seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, timely thinning, in each nutritive cube, preferably stay 2 seedlings, and carry out weeding and insect protected work, note temperature and water-fertilizer conditioning, to cultivate short healthy seedling;
Step 2: the determining of Chinese sorghum material transplanting condition
1) transplant in time
When seedling age 30-35 days or leaf age 6-7 leaf, to transplant in time to greenhouse by solar heat; Transplant first 10 days greenhouse by solar heats and will water and hold moisture in the soil, treating that greenhouse surface skin becomes dry turns white, and mu is executed 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, and 6 kilograms, urea evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields rear whole ground; Hardening 3-4 days before planting, rejects disease seedling, lopsided seedling;
2) double seedlings field planting
Because being double seedlings in nutritive cube, therefore nest distance can suitably be amplified to 28cm, line-spacing is 60cm; During transplanting, accomplish seedling multi-band soil, hinder root less, the large end of nest, is flat, and seedling is upright, root stem stalk blinding 3cm left and right, and root system is unfolded, and in lower reality, pine, waters after having transplanted immediately;
Step 3: management after the temperature and humidity regulation of Chinese sorghum material and transplanting in greenhouse
Because of Ili Prefecture at the beginning of 4 months outside air temperature lower, and temperature Change is large, prevent that seedling-slowing stage and jointing low temperature in early stage from causing harm; In corridor, greenhouse, placing girth is 2 meters, and length is about the water bag of greenhouse length, utilizes the absorb heat daytime principle of heat release in evening of water bag to carry out temperature adjusting;
To June, note by the end of April greenhouse high temperature, the cooling of leaking informaton in time; The cooling of must leaking informaton when warm indoor air temperature reaches 45 ℃; When warm indoor material 40% is bloomed, throw off daylight film for greenhouse, wet down and ventilation;
At Chinese sorghum toy trumpet mouth, during the phase, earth up and water, booting stage, pustulation period, water, weeding;
Step 4: the determining of first generation material harvest time
Ili Prefecture Chinese sorghum first season material must just can make the Chinese sorghum normal mature second season gathering in the crops to July 3 by the end of June, according to relevant research, shows that sorghum seed is 60~70% at milking maturity germination rate in mid-term, and be 70~80% middle dough stage; Early cut off the water by the Chinese sorghum later stage first season, when guaranteeing certain germination rate, do sth. in advance to gather in the crops, to shorten bearing time;
Step 5: seed treatment before the sowing of first generation material
Seeds before seeding is basked seeds 1 day, to strengthen seed vitality, more general with 30 minutes with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, " 920 " solution seed soaking 4-5 hour of 25ppm, further improves seeding ratio;
Before early July, the material second season must be planted;
Step 6: the second season sorghum production the control of percentage of seedgermination;
1) second season, the ripe later stage of Chinese sorghum prevented that low temperature and early frost from causing Chinese sorghum seed blighted grain light, endured cold, and carried out in time daylight film for greenhouse covering mid-September, improved effective accumulated temperature breeding time, accelerated high seed growing process;
2) after results, Chinese sorghum fruit ear be arranged on the spot and carried out airing, in case fruit ear moldy metamorphism; Threshing is carried out in airing during to moisture content 17%~18% again; Or seed is carried out in insulating box to drying and processing, moisture content is dropped to below 14%;
Step 7: period management when third generation seed south is numerous;
At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, Chinese sorghum material is carried out to program request on film at Sanya, Hainan, drip and emerge, at shooting stage, typhon mouth phase, heading stage, initial stage pustulation period, carry out under-film drip irrigation fertilising respectively; Later stage is noted few nitrogenous fertilizer, early cuts off the water.
Preferably, sowing by the end of February described in step 1, during 20 ℃ of average indoor temperatures, each nutritive cube is broadcast 3-4 grain sorghum seeds spacing 2cm, then covers the fine earth that 1cm is thick;
Preferably, 8~10 centimetres of the diameters of the alms bowl of plastic nutritional described in step 1.
Preferably, to transplant in time to greenhouse by solar heat when seedling age described in step 2 30-35 days or leaf age 6-7 leaf; Double seedlings field planting, nest is apart from 28cm, and line-spacing is 60cm;
Preferably, clean water is filled with in the inside of water bag described in step 3, the about 25cm of water bag thickness after pouring water, and length is greenhouse length.
Preferably, the cooling of must leaking informaton when warm indoor air temperature reaches 45 ℃ described in step 3; When warm indoor material 40% is bloomed, throw off daylight film for greenhouse
Preferably, Chinese sorghum material must be by the end of June to results before July 3 first season described in step 4 kind,
Preferably, seeds before seeding is basked seeds 1 day described in step 5 kind, to strengthen seed vitality, more general with 30 minutes with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, " 920 " solution seed soaking 4-5 hour of 25ppm
Preferably, Yi Li described in step 6 carries out daylight film for greenhouse covering mid-September in time
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention utilizes greenhouse to add a generation in locality, the special climate condition in recycling Hainan adds a generation again, realize 1 year three generations's of Chinese sorghum increasing generation technique, the utilization of this technology can be shortened the Xinjiang Sorghum Breeding time, improve breeding efficiency, the utilization of this technology adds for there being certain enlightening significance other crops of Xinjiang.Be mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, make full use of local weather and facility condition, accurately hold then grow seedlings period and harvest time of the material first season, to guarantee that 1 year three generations fully effectively arranges period, to realize 1 year three generations.
2, Chinese sorghum is the warm crop of happiness, and suitable high temperature can be accelerated its growing process.Utilize greenhouse by solar heat avoid on the one hand Xinjiang late frost in early spring, autumn early frost and the seedling stage first season low temperature, increased on the other hand the effective accumulated temperature in growth stages of sorghum, shorten bearing time.
3, utilize the heat capacity that water is larger, in greenhouse, place the water bag of certain volume, to reach the object that regulates the temperature in greenhouse, for Chinese sorghum growth provides more suitable growing environment.
4, the material seed of producing the first season integrated approach such as bask seeds, hot water treatment of seeds is broken to sorghum seeds dormancy, improves emergence rate, for the plantation second season ready.
5, the second season, material continued to carry out at greenhouse by solar heat (at the beginning of 7 months) plantation, and at outside air temperature, when within continuous three days, the minimum air temperature is at 14 ℃ (Ili Prefecture is about the 9 about the middle ten days), greenhouse by solar heat bedding canopy film, to avoid low temperature, early frost, increases effective accumulated temperature.
6, results Chinese sorghum material continue to process in time at the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month was adding a generation at the beginning of 11 months again, realized 1 year three generations of Chinese sorghum material and added twice of generation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
1 year three generations Jia Dai method of Sorghum Breeding material, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the first season material ahead of time seedling-cultivating and administrative skill (first generation material)
Growing seedlings February in the good heating installation condition house (Xinjiang February-March indoor have heating installation) that has of daylighting condition;
1) carry out Nutrition Soil preparation mid-February;
7 parts of loose fertile, lands for growing field crops table soil of not planting Chinese sorghum crop, add 3 parts of fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed for major ingredient, mix after sieving and make, auxiliary material: every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 0.5~1 kilogram of diammonium phosphate, 0.5~1 kilogram of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer again; In addition, every cubic metre enters 80~100 grams of 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% powder of carbendazim, to prevent sprout term disease; Nutrition Soil is filled to plastic nutritional alms bowl (8~10 centimetres of diameters) 3/4ths, block pattern row pattern to daylighting condition good there is heating installation condition house area without shade;
2) before seed treatment sowing, within 3-4 days, bask seeds, improve germination rate;
3) in nutritive cube, sow by the end of February
At average indoor temperature during at 20 ℃, nutritive cube is watered permeable, each nutritive cube is broadcast 3-4 grain sorghum seeds spacing 2cm, then covers the fine earth that 1cm is thick; After all finishing, on nutritive cube, cover transparent plastic film, to reach heat and moisture preserving effect;
4) strengthen seedling management
When seed sprouting reaches 50% in nutritive cube, throw off film; When seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, timely thinning, in each nutritive cube, preferably stay 2 seedlings, and carry out weeding and insect protected work, note temperature and water-fertilizer conditioning, to cultivate short healthy seedling;
Step 2: the determining of Chinese sorghum material transplanting condition
1) transplant in time
When seedling age 30-35 days or leaf age 6-7 leaf, to transplant in time to greenhouse by solar heat (at the beginning of approximately 4 months, Ili Prefecture); Transplant first 10 days greenhouse by solar heats and will water and hold moisture in the soil, treating that greenhouse surface skin becomes dry turns white, and mu is executed 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, and 6 kilograms, urea evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields rear whole ground; Hardening 3-4 days before planting, rejects disease seedling, lopsided seedling;
2) double seedlings field planting
Because being double seedlings in nutritive cube, therefore nest distance can suitably be amplified to 28cm, line-spacing is 60cm; During transplanting, accomplish seedling multi-band soil, hinder root less, the large end of nest, is flat, and seedling is upright, root stem stalk blinding 3cm left and right, and root system is unfolded, and in lower reality, pine, waters after having transplanted, immediately to improve survival rate;
Step 3: management after the temperature and humidity regulation of Chinese sorghum material and transplanting in greenhouse
Because of Ili Prefecture at the beginning of 4 months outside air temperature lower, and temperature Change is large, prevent that seedling-slowing stage and jointing low temperature in early stage from causing harm; In corridor, greenhouse, placing girth is 2 meters, and length is about the water bag (the inside fill with clean water, the about 25cm of water bag thickness after pouring water) of greenhouse length, utilizes the absorb heat daytime principle of heat release in evening of water bag to carry out temperature adjusting;
To June, note by the end of April greenhouse high temperature, the cooling of leaking informaton in time; The cooling of must leaking informaton when warm indoor air temperature reaches 45 ℃; When warm indoor material 40% is bloomed, throw off daylight film for greenhouse, to be conducive to cooling, wet down and ventilation, make to improve Chinese sorghum material pollination ripening rate;
At Chinese sorghum toy trumpet mouth, during the phase, earth up and water, booting stage, pustulation period, water, weeding;
Step 4: the determining of first generation material (first season) harvest time
Ili Prefecture Chinese sorghum first season material must just can make the Chinese sorghum second season (second generation) normal mature gathering in the crops to July 3 by the end of June, according to relevant research, shows that sorghum seed is 60~70% at milking maturity germination rate in mid-term, and be 70~80% middle dough stage; Early cut off the water by the Chinese sorghum later stage first season, when guaranteeing certain germination rate, do sth. in advance to gather in the crops, time shorten bearing time;
Step 5: seed treatment (the plantation second season) before the Chinese sorghum material sowing second season,
Seeds before seeding is basked seeds 1 day, to strengthen seed vitality, more general with 30 minutes with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, " 920 " solution seed soaking 4-5 hour of 25ppm, further improves seeding ratio;
Before early July, the material second season must be planted;
Step 6: the third quarter Chinese sorghum manufacture of materials percentage of seedgermination control;
1) the ripe later stage of Chinese sorghum prevents that low temperature and early frost from causing Chinese sorghum seed blighted grain light, endures cold, and carries out in time daylight film for greenhouse covering (about mid-September), improves effective accumulated temperature breeding time, accelerates high seed growing process;
2) after results, Chinese sorghum fruit ear be arranged on the spot and carried out airing, in case fruit ear moldy metamorphism; Threshing is carried out in airing during to moisture content 17%~18% again; Or seed is carried out in insulating box to drying and processing, moisture content is dropped to below 14%;
Step 7: period management when third generation seed south is numerous;
At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, Chinese sorghum material is carried out to program request on film at Sanya, Hainan, drip and emerge, at shooting stage, typhon mouth phase, heading stage, initial stage pustulation period, carry out under-film drip irrigation fertilising respectively; Later stage is noted few nitrogenous fertilizer, early cuts off the water, and can do sth. in advance sorghum seed maturation.
The above; it is only preferably embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art; in the technical scope disclosing in the present invention, the simple transformation of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. 1 year three generations Jia Dai method of Sorghum Breeding material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the first season material ahead of time seedling-cultivating and administrative skill
Grow seedlings February in the good heating installation condition house that has of daylighting condition;
1) carry out Nutrition Soil preparation mid-February;
Major ingredient: with 7 parts of loose fertile, lands for growing field crops table soil of not planting Chinese sorghum crop, add 3 parts of fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, mix after sieving and make, auxiliary material: every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 0.5~1 kilogram of diammonium phosphate, 0.5~1 kilogram of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer again; In addition, every cubic metre enters 80~100 grams of 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% powder of carbendazim, to prevent sprout term disease; Nutrition Soil is filled to plastic nutritional alms bowl 3/4ths, block pattern row pattern to daylighting condition good there is heating installation condition house area without shade;
2) before seed treatment sowing, within 3-4 days, bask seeds, improve germination rate;
3) in nutritive cube, sow by the end of February
At average indoor temperature during at 20 ℃, nutritive cube is watered permeable, each nutritive cube is broadcast 3-4 grain sorghum seeds spacing 2cm, then covers the fine earth that 1cm is thick; After all finishing, on nutritive cube, cover transparent plastic film, to reach heat and moisture preserving effect;
4) strengthen seedling management
When seed sprouting reaches 50% in nutritive cube, throw off film; When seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, timely thinning, in each nutritive cube, preferably stay 2 seedlings, and carry out weeding and insect protected work, note temperature and water-fertilizer conditioning, to cultivate short healthy seedling;
Step 2: the determining of Chinese sorghum material transplanting condition
1) transplant in time
When seedling age 30-35 days or leaf age 6-7 leaf, to transplant in time to greenhouse by solar heat; Transplant first 10 days greenhouse by solar heats and will water and hold moisture in the soil, treating that greenhouse surface skin becomes dry turns white, and mu is executed 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, and 6 kilograms, urea evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields rear whole ground; Hardening 3-4 days before planting, rejects disease seedling, lopsided seedling;
2) double seedlings field planting
Because being double seedlings in nutritive cube, therefore nest distance can suitably be amplified to 28cm, line-spacing is 60cm; During transplanting, accomplish seedling multi-band soil, hinder root less, the large end of nest, is flat, and seedling is upright, root stem stalk blinding 3cm left and right, and root system is unfolded, and in lower reality, pine, waters after having transplanted immediately;
Step 3: management after the temperature and humidity regulation of Chinese sorghum material and transplanting in greenhouse
Because of Ili Prefecture at the beginning of 4 months outside air temperature lower, and temperature Change is large, prevent seedling-slowing stage and jointing chilling damage in early stage; In corridor, greenhouse, placing girth is 2 meters, and length is about the water bag of greenhouse length, utilizes the absorb heat daytime principle of heat release in evening of water bag to carry out temperature adjusting;
To June, note by the end of April greenhouse high temperature, the cooling of leaking informaton in time; The cooling of must leaking informaton when warm indoor air temperature reaches 45 ℃; When warm indoor material 40% is bloomed, throw off daylight film for greenhouse, wet down and ventilation;
At Chinese sorghum toy trumpet mouth, during the phase, earth up and water, booting stage, pustulation period, water, weeding;
Step 4: the determining of first generation material harvest time
Ili Prefecture Chinese sorghum first season material must just can make the Chinese sorghum normal mature second season gathering in the crops to July 3 by the end of June, according to relevant research, shows that sorghum seed is 60~70% at milking maturity germination rate in mid-term, and be 70~80% middle dough stage; Early cut off the water by the Chinese sorghum later stage first season, when guaranteeing certain germination rate, do sth. in advance to gather in the crops, to shorten bearing time;
Step 5: seed treatment before the sowing of first generation material
Seeds before seeding is basked seeds 1 day, to strengthen seed vitality, more general with 30 minutes with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, " 920 " solution seed soaking 4-5 hour of 25ppm, further improves seeding ratio;
Before early July, the material second season must be planted;
Step 6: the second season sorghum production the control of percentage of seedgermination;
1) second season, the ripe later stage of Chinese sorghum prevented that low temperature and early frost from causing Chinese sorghum seed blighted grain light, endured cold, and Yi Li carries out daylight film for greenhouse covering mid-September in time, improves effective accumulated temperature breeding time, accelerates high seed growing process;
2) after results, Chinese sorghum fruit ear be arranged on the spot and carried out airing, in case fruit ear moldy metamorphism; Threshing is carried out in airing during to moisture content 17%~18% again; Or seed is carried out in insulating box to drying and processing, moisture content is dropped to below 14%;
Step 7: period management when third generation seed south is numerous;
At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, Chinese sorghum material is carried out to program request on film at Sanya, Hainan, drip and emerge, at shooting stage, typhon mouth phase, heading stage, initial stage pustulation period, carry out under-film drip irrigation fertilising respectively; Later stage is noted few nitrogenous fertilizer, early cuts off the water.
2. 1 year three generations Jia Dai method of Sorghum Breeding material according to claim 1, is characterized in that 8~10 centimetres of the diameters of a kind of described plastic nutritional alms bowl of step.
3. 1 year three generations Jia Dai method of Sorghum Breeding material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, clean water is filled with in the inside of water bag described in step 3, the about 25cm of water bag thickness after pouring water, and length is greenhouse length.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105519337A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-27 | 河南农业大学 | Peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology |
CN105850268A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-17 | 重庆燕盆高粱种植专业合作社 | Sorghum seedling growing method |
CN106358672A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-02-01 | 康黎明 | Method for planting sorghum |
CN107771636A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-03-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | The quick of early soybean filial generation three crops per annual adds for method |
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2014
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105519337A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-27 | 河南农业大学 | Peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology |
CN105850268A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-17 | 重庆燕盆高粱种植专业合作社 | Sorghum seedling growing method |
CN106358672A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-02-01 | 康黎明 | Method for planting sorghum |
CN107771636A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-03-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | The quick of early soybean filial generation three crops per annual adds for method |
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