CN102783348A - Laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco - Google Patents
Laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783348A CN102783348A CN2012103106117A CN201210310611A CN102783348A CN 102783348 A CN102783348 A CN 102783348A CN 2012103106117 A CN2012103106117 A CN 2012103106117A CN 201210310611 A CN201210310611 A CN 201210310611A CN 102783348 A CN102783348 A CN 102783348A
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Abstract
A laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco includes firstly, preparing a tobacco field and making beds one month and a half in advance, applying base fertilizer along a bottom center line of each ride, making ridges, and allowing rainwater to supplement the ridges until soil moisture is sufficient; secondly, making holes after the rain stops, and applying plant ash mixed with soil insect drug into the holes; thirdly, sowing seeds in the holes with one seed for each hole, spraying isolane to the plant ash and the coated seeds, allowing the plant ash and the coated seeds to absorb water and become humid, and covering with mulch; fourthly, making holes on the mulch when each seed germinates and grows two leaves and a core, applying fertilizer again into root holes with tobacco plants when tobacco seedlings grow about 20cm tall, filling the holes with soil, removing the mulch when the tobacco plants grow 50cm tall, hilling the beds till the ridges are full, controlling disease and pest damage, timely toping and picking buds, and harvesting for baking timely till the plants are ripe. The method omits the procedures of seedling raising, transplanting and topdressing, and accordingly planting time is shortened, peat and seedling trays are economized, and a seedling tunnel is omitted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method.
Background technology
Flue-cured tobacco is the important economic crops of China, and year cultivated area is more than 1,000,000 hectares.Tobacco planting mainly adopts the method for growing seedlings earlier and afterwards transplanting at present; Overall process mainly comprises grows seedlings, real tillage, ridging, fertilising, transplanting, epiphragma, insect pests, pinches and smear wooden fork, picking and roasting etc., and whole link length consuming time, recruitment is many, labour intensity is big.Wherein grow seedlings and mainly adopt floating seedlings and the moistening dual mode of growing seedlings of pallet, grow seedlings and need set up green house or plastic canopy, about two months of the stage required time of then growing seedlings, the used matrix of growing seedlings is main with the peat composed of rotten mosses (also claiming peat).Tobacco planting mainly adopts ridge culture, and the ridge height is generally 0.25～0.3m, and row spacing is 1.0～1.2m, and spacing in the rows is 0.5～0.6m, every 667m
2Plant about cigarette 1100 strains.Because flue-cured tobacco mainly is distributed in zones, mountain region such as China southwest, the production process mechanization degree is relatively low, at present through livestock operation plantation 667m
2The flue-cured tobacco recruitment is about 35, far above cereal crops production labors such as paddy rice, wheat, corns.
Flue-cured tobacco cultivation has many new measures and method, like plastic mulching, bi-layered fertilizing etc.The technology of applying for a patent has: No. 200810069035.5 " fire-cured tobacco cultivation technique mode by concave double-ridge plastic membrane mulching during whole breeding season ", and what be primarily aimed at is to improve the tobacco production and value amount; Number 2009101092852.0 " method of one-ridge double-row flue-cured tobacco dislocation cultivation ", what be primarily aimed at is to improve quality of tobacco, and outstanding tobacco leaf zoning characteristic makes full use of cigarette district land resources; It is not obvious that these technology are fallen the effect of this aspect the cured tobacco production saving of labor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the live saving of labor of a kind of flue-cured tobacco and fall this cultivation method, to reach the purpose of tobacco planting saving of labor cost efficiency.
As everyone knows, flue-cured tobacco is a kind of crop of intensive cultivation, if for the saving of labor low level management, the tobacco production and value amount can be affected, thereby does not reach the purpose of cost efficiency.Therefore, the inventor points out: the prerequisite of labor-saving flue-cured tobacco cultivation is that yield of tobacco and quality are not had remarkable adverse effect.
The technical scheme that the inventor adopted may further comprise the steps:
(1) one and a half months before the conventional transplanting of local flue-cured tobacco period is put kind of a cigarette ground in order, and 100cm opens the railway carriage or compartment by row spacing, center line bar basal dressing at the bottom of the ridge, and ridging then, and wait the additional ridge of rainwater body moisture to the soil moisture content abundance;
(2) rain ends the circular card punch punching of back employing, in the hole, applies the thick ash that is mixed with anti-underground insect medicament of 0.5cm;
(3) in the hole, sow afterwards, 1 of flue-cured tobacco vernalization capsuled seed is broadcast in every hole, and transplanting miraculous cure agent to ash and the capsuled seed that then sprays 2000 times of dilutions in the aperture absorbs water moistening, covers mulch film to whole ridge body then;
(4) treat seed germination emerge and grow to two leaves wholeheartedly the time on film a broken aperture, when the cigarette seedling grows the ridge body, and when reaching the 20cm height; Fertilising once more, fertilizer applies in the hole of cigarette strain root, fills up the hole with soil then; After the 50cm height is grown in the cigarette strain, throw off mulch film, and last railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging body is full, carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest; The bud picking of in time pinching, ripe back is picking and roasting in time.
In above-mentioned (1) step, the amount of said basal dressing is 85% of total fertilizing amount; Said ridging height is about 25cm; Said rainwater replenishes ridge body moisture, requires in 24 hours, to rain to reach more than the 25mm, or the light rain of long period, moderate rain, make soil drench; Said soil moisture content abundance is meant that soil moisture content reaches more than 90% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
In above-mentioned (2) step, said circular card punch is the special-purpose punching device made from stainless steel tube, the structure of this card punch be documented in No. 201220430100.4 or No. 201220430089.1 patent application parts among; The pitch-row of said punching is 50cm, and the hole diameter is 6cm, deeply for 6cm; Said anti-underground insect medicament is that tea is withered, oil cake is pulverized and is particle diameter≤2mm, and, oil cake mass ratio withered by tea mixes at 2: 1.
In above-mentioned (3) step, said flue-cured tobacco vernalization capsuled seed is meant by after vernalization, according to the tobacco seed of routine techniques dressing.
In above-mentioned (4) step, the said amount of fertilising once more is 15% of total fertilizing amount.
This method combines the principle of seed sowing cultivation and plastic film mulching cultivation, gives full play to the two usefulness, for seed germination and tobacco seedling growth provide an adapt circumstance, thereby reach tobacco planting not only the saving of labor effect of tobacco production and value amount is fallen but also is not reduced.Have the following advantages: (1) can significantly reduce the link amount of labour used of growing seedlings, transplant, topdress in the cured tobacco production process, and the general planting method of transplanting is again compared every 667m with growing seedlings earlier at present
2Flue-cured tobacco can be saved 4 of recruitments, reduces production costs about 200 yuan; (2) grow under the prerequisite with yield of tobacco and quality not influencing the cigarette strain, can shorten about tobacco planting time two weeks; (3) present floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco and pallet moistening grow seedlings required a large amount of peat composed of rotten mosses non-renewable resources and expanded polystyrene seedling-cultivating trays such as (peat), every 667m have been saved
2Flue-cured tobacco reduces production costs about 80 yuan; (4) can save infrastructure constructions such as the booth of growing seedlings; (5) simple to operate, be easy to promote.The present invention is applicable to tobacco planting.
Embodiment
Embodiment: at the conventional transplanting previous first quarter moon in period of local flue-cured tobacco; Put kind of a cigarette ground in order; 100cm opens the railway carriage or compartment by row spacing, and 85% of the total fertilizing amount of center line row replacement makes base manure at the bottom of the ridge, then ridging height to the 25cm; The ridge is played good back and is waited rainwater to replenish ridge body moisture to soil moisture content abundance, and promptly soil moisture content reaches more than 90% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil; The circular card punch that stops to adopt the backpack puncher in the back at rain is then beaten the hole of diameter 6cm, dark 6cm by pitch-row 50cm; In the hole, apply the thick ash that is mixed with anti-underground insect medicament of 0.5cm; 1 of every then hole sowing flue-cured tobacco vernalization capsuled seed; Spray transplanting miraculous cure agent to the ash of 2000 times of dilutions then in the aperture and after vernalization the seed suction of dressing moistening, cover mulch film to whole ridge body then.Treat seed germination emerge and grow to two leaves wholeheartedly the time on film a broken aperture, when the cigarette seedling grows the ridge body, and when reaching the 20cm height; Apply remaining 15% fertilizer in the hole of cigarette strain root, fill up the hole with soil then, after the 50cm height is grown in the cigarette strain, throw off mulch film; And last railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging body is full; Carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of in time pinching, in time picking and roasting.
Claims (5)
1. this cultivation method falls in the live saving of labor of flue-cured tobacco, and its characteristic may further comprise the steps:
(1) one and a half months before the conventional transplanting of local flue-cured tobacco period is put kind of a cigarette ground in order, and 100cm opens the railway carriage or compartment by row spacing, center line bar basal dressing at the bottom of the ridge, and ridging then, and wait the additional ridge of rainwater body moisture to the soil moisture content abundance;
(2) rain ends the circular card punch punching of back employing, in the hole, applies the thick ash that is mixed with anti-underground insect medicament of 0.5cm;
(3) in the hole, sow afterwards, 1 of flue-cured tobacco vernalization capsuled seed is broadcast in every hole, and transplanting miraculous cure agent to ash and the capsuled seed that then sprays 2000 times of dilutions in the aperture absorbs water moistening, covers mulch film to whole ridge body then;
(4) treat seed germination emerge and grow to two leaves wholeheartedly the time on film a broken aperture, when the cigarette seedling grows the ridge body, and when reaching the 20cm height; Fertilising once more, fertilizer applies in the hole of cigarette strain root, fills up the hole with soil then; After the 50cm height is grown in the cigarette strain, throw off mulch film, and last railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging body is full, carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest; The bud picking of in time pinching, ripe back is picking and roasting in time.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the amount of said basal dressing is 85% of total fertilizing amount in (1) step; Said ridging height is about 25cm; Said rainwater replenishes ridge body moisture, requires in 24 hours, to rain to reach more than the 25mm, or the light rain of long period, moderate rain, make soil drench; Said soil moisture content abundance is meant that soil moisture content reaches more than 90% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that said circular card punch is the special-purpose punching device made from stainless steel tube in (2) step, and the structure of this card punch has been documented among No. 201220430100.4 or No. 201220430089.1; The pitch-row of said punching is 50cm, and the hole diameter is 6cm, deeply for 6cm; Said anti-underground insect medicament is that tea is withered, oil cake is pulverized and is particle diameter≤2mm, and, oil cake mass ratio withered by tea mixes at 2: 1.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that in (3) step, and said flue-cured tobacco vernalization capsuled seed is meant by after vernalization, according to the tobacco seed of routine techniques dressing.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that in (4) step, and the said amount of fertilising once more is 15% of total fertilizing amount.
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| CN201210310611.7A CN102783348B (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco |
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| CN102783348B CN102783348B (en) | 2014-03-19 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103340083A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area |
| CN103340085A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with geographical characteristics of fen-flavor tobacco producing area |
| CN103430716A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-12-11 | 中国烟草总公司福建省公司 | Transplantation method for accelerating growth and development of faint scent type tobacco plant |
| CN103444399A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-18 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫山分公司 | Tobacco cultivating method |
| CN103918444A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco cultivation method |
| CN104770098A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-15 | 王金成 | Land no-tillage pit forming substrate filling direct seeding method |
| CN110896702A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-24 | 河南省烟草公司许昌市公司 | Tobacco coated pelleted seed, preparation method and seedling growing method thereof |
| CN111543276A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-08-18 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Tobacco seedling cultivation technology |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103340083A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area |
| CN103340085A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with geographical characteristics of fen-flavor tobacco producing area |
| CN103430716A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-12-11 | 中国烟草总公司福建省公司 | Transplantation method for accelerating growth and development of faint scent type tobacco plant |
| CN103340083B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-25 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area |
| CN103340085B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-25 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with geographical characteristics of fen-flavor tobacco producing area |
| CN103430716B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-03-25 | 中国烟草总公司福建省公司 | Transplantation method for accelerating growth and development of faint scent type tobacco plant |
| CN103444399A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-18 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫山分公司 | Tobacco cultivating method |
| CN103444399B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫山分公司 | Tobacco cultivation method |
| CN103918444A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco cultivation method |
| CN104770098A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-15 | 王金成 | Land no-tillage pit forming substrate filling direct seeding method |
| CN110896702A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-24 | 河南省烟草公司许昌市公司 | Tobacco coated pelleted seed, preparation method and seedling growing method thereof |
| CN111543276A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-08-18 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Tobacco seedling cultivation technology |
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