CN105519337A - Peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology - Google Patents
Peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN105519337A CN105519337A CN201610004118.0A CN201610004118A CN105519337A CN 105519337 A CN105519337 A CN 105519337A CN 201610004118 A CN201610004118 A CN 201610004118A CN 105519337 A CN105519337 A CN 105519337A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technical field of peanut breeding, and specifically relates to a peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology. The invention adopts a technical scheme that the technology comprises the following steps: step 1, spring sowing is carried out in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, such that the first generation is bred; step 2, summer sowing is carried out in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, such that the second generation is bread; and step 3, generation-increasing breeding is carried out in Sanya, Hainan Province, such that the third generation is bred. With the breeding method, breeding period is shortened, breeding cost is reduced, and breeding efficiency is improved. The method can be widely applied in the technical field of crossbreeding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to peanut breeding technical field, be specifically related to one and cultivate peanut 1 year three generations Jia Dai breeding technique.
Background technology
Peanut is the main oil crop of China and economic crops, and peanut originates in the torrid zone, belongs to the warm crop of happiness, requires higher, cause the northern Peanut New Variety Selection cycle long to heat and illumination condition, the seed selection of restriction new peanut variety.Because peanut quality germplasm quantity is few, it is slow that new peanut variety cultivates speed, and therefore, accelerate the seed selection of new peanut variety, accelerate breeding process, the breakthrough peanut varieties cultivating Comprehensive Traits excellent has great importance,
In prior art, about 120 days peanut normal reproduction phase, utilize the Breeding Model in 1 year 1 generation of existing new peanut variety or 1 year 2 generation, being bred as a new new peanut variety at least needs the 5-8 year, time and effort consuming.In order to realize northern district peanut 1 year two season additive selection, relevant breeding units was carried out winter greenhouse and was added generation test, there is cost high, and manipulation difficulty is large and have a big risk, and effect is undesirable.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN103858656 discloses a kind of double-cropped peanut high power propagation method, and step is deep ploughed before comprising the selected field winter, shallow plowing before sowing in next year, at ridging mid-March, and covering film after herbicide spraying; Covering film carries out the sowing first season when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C in one week, and on film, punching sowing, takes plastic canopy above sowing division; When outside air temperature is stabilized in 23-26 DEG C, shed is all taken off in mid or late May, gather in the crops in late June; The sowing second season is carried out after fresh seed ethrel after results is soaked 24h, by the land readjustment after results peanut, ridging covering with plastic film is sowed, gather in the crops in mid or late October, Quick peanut propagation method of the present invention, two season reproduction coefficient can reach 150-210 doubly, described method can accelerate breeding process, improve breeding efficiency, reduce breeding cost.But the technical disadvantages existed can only add for breeding twice within 1 year.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming of prior art, technical scheme provided by the invention is 1 year three generations Jia Dai breeding technique of cultivating peanut, and comprises the following steps:
Step one: Zhengzhou, henan is sowed in spring and bred the first generation
Early April vernalization, monoseeding after five days, Ridged plant, row spacing 60-65cm, ridge height 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, plastic mulching, late May sprays ethrel, and late June sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and early July gathers in the crops, seed after results does breaking dormancy process, the 100 days time of infertility;
Step 2: the second generation is bred in Zhengzhou, henan summer sowing
The seed of breaking dormancy in step one was sowed mid-July, monoseeding, Ridged plant, row spacing 60-65cm, ridge height 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, plastic mulching, after two months, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time every 10 days, late October gathers in the crops, the seed of results does breaking dormancy process, the 100 days time of infertility;
Step 3: Sanya, Hainan adds for breeding the third generation
Sowed in late November by the seed of breaking dormancy in step 2, Ridged plant, row spacing 60-65cm, ridge height 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, sprinkling irrigation is watered, and mid-March gathers in the crops, the 110 days time of infertility.
Further, the concentration of ethrel described in step one is 0.1-0.2%.
Further, the number of times that sprays of ethrel described in step one is 1-2 time.
Further, breaking dormancy process described in step one and step 2 is that band shell is basked seeds 5 days.
Further, described in step one and step 2, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1-0.2%.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: described breeding method, shortens breeding cycle, reduces seed selection cost, improves breeding efficiency, is widely used in crossbreeding technology field.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. Zhengzhou, henan is sowed in spring and is bred the first generation
Vernalization on April 1, April 5 was sowed, monoseeding, Ridged plant, row spacing 60-65cm, ridge height 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, and in order to improve ground temperature, increasing accumulated temperature, keeping soil nutrient, prevention against water-logging preserves soil moisture, and carries out plastic mulching.The fine earth compacting of film limit, reaches film and puts down, tightly, prevent large wind from breaking mulch film.Mulch film has the place of breaking, and seals cut with fine earth.Within after planting 10-15 days, peanut can be emerged successively, when cotyledon is unearthed and opens, or cotyledon be not unearthed but visible true leaf time, just by mulch film, one cross mouth is opened to seedling place with finger or blade, draws seedling membrane, then to obturage film mouth at tapping fine earth.In order to shorten the peanut florescence, promoting precocious, before and after May 25, spraying ethrel 1-2 time of 0.1-0.2%; Note when spraying to cover blade face completely.Transport to pod to prevent leaf presenility, improving the photosynthetic efficiency of blade and improving trophosome photosynthetic product, before and after June 20, spray 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 time.July 10 gathered in the crops, and in order to breaking dormancy, the seed belt shell after results is exposed to the sun 5 days.The 100 days time of infertility.
2. the second generation is bred in Zhengzhou, henan summer sowing
By the seed of breaking dormancy in step one in sowing on July 15, single grain fine sowing, Ridged plant, row spacing 60-65cm, high 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, in order to improve ground temperature, increasing accumulated temperature, keeping soil nutrient, prevention against water-logging preserves soil moisture, and carries out plastic mulching.The fine earth compacting of film limit, reaches film and puts down, tightly, prevent large wind from breaking mulch film.Mulch film has the place of breaking, and must seal cut with fine earth.Within after planting 10-15 days, peanut can be emerged successively, when cotyledon is unearthed and opens, or cotyledon be not unearthed but visible true leaf time, just by mulch film, one cross osculum is opened to seedling place with finger or blade, draws seedling membrane, then to obturage film mouth at tapping fine earth.Seedling is put in perforate should not be excessively late, high temperature in film occurs when sunlight especially will be prevented strong and burns seedling.Transport to pod to prevent leaf presenility, improving the photosynthetic efficiency of blade and improving trophosome photosynthetic product, before and after September 15,25 days, October 5, spray 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times.October 25 gathered in the crops, and in order to breaking dormancy, the seed belt shell after results is exposed to the sun 5 days.The 100 days time of infertility.
3. Sanya, Hainan adds for breeding the third generation
By the seed of breaking dormancy in step 2 at Sanya bedder-planter on November 25, row spacing 60-65cm, ridge height 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, sprinkling irrigation is watered, and field management is normal, and March 15 gathered in the crops.The 110 days time of infertility.
In the reproductive process in above-mentioned per generation, the peanut varieties of employing is flower U410, and the seed of all results can both be ripe, and do not affect the sowing of lower first phase, and data are see table 1.
Table 1 peanut 1 year three generations's breeding results statistics
| Sowing date | Per plant number (individual) | Plumpness % | Breeding time/sky |
| April 5 | 34.5 | 80％ | 100 |
| July 15 | 26.9 | 70％ | 100 |
| November 25 | 32.4 | 90％ | 110 |
Claims (5)
1. one to cultivate peanut 1 year three generations Jia Dai breeding technique, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one: Zhengzhou, henan is sowed in spring and bred the first generation
Early April vernalization, monoseeding after five days, Ridged plant, row spacing 60-65cm, ridge height 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, plastic mulching, late May sprays ethrel, and late June sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and early July gathers in the crops, seed after results does breaking dormancy process, the 100 days time of infertility;
Step 2: the second generation is bred in Zhengzhou, henan summer sowing
By seed sowing mid-July of breaking dormancy in step one, monoseeding, Ridged plant, row spacing 60-65cm, ridge height 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, plastic mulching, after two months, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time every 10 days, late October gathers in the crops, the seed of results does breaking dormancy process, the 100 days time of infertility;
Step 3: Sanya, Hainan adds for breeding the third generation
Sowed the seed late November of breaking dormancy in step 2, Ridged plant, row spacing 60-65cm, ridge height 8-10cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 30cm, sprinkling irrigation is watered, and mid-March gathers in the crops, the 110 days time of infertility.
2. according to breeding technique described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concentration of ethrel described in step one is 0.1-0.2%.
3. according to breeding technique described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the number of times that sprays of ethrel described in step one is 1-2 time.
4. according to breeding technique described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: breaking dormancy process described in step one and step 2 is that band shell is basked seeds 5 days.
5. according to breeding technique described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in step one and step 2, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1-0.2%.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105993923A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-10-12 | 辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所 | Peanut variety breeding accelerating method suitable for northeast China region |
| CN110692475A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-01-17 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting early flowering and early maturing of peanuts |
| CN111543273A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-18 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Three-generation peanut breeding method in northern area |
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| CN111543273A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-18 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Three-generation peanut breeding method in northern area |
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