CN103404342B - Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbitamoschata grafting and strong seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbitamoschata grafting and strong seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbitamoschata grafting and strong seedling cultivation method which comprises the following steps of proper stock selection, germination accelerating, seeding, grafting, management after grafting and planting. By means of the Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbitamoschata grafting and strong seedling cultivation method, the grafting survival rate is improved; by utilizing the Cucurbitamoschata with strong disease resistance and stress resistance to serve as the stock, heat resistance, disease resistance and stress resistance of the Cucurbita maxima are improved, and quality advantages of the Cucurbita maxima are reserved; the purpose of high and stable yield of the Cucurbita maxima is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of melon grafting method, especially a kind of western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout, cultivating method, belonged to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Dish mainly contains three cultivars with pumpkin, and China squash (cucurbita moschata D), is commonly called as pumpkin or meal melon; Giant pumpkin (cucurbita maxima D), is commonly called as winter squash; American pumpkin (cucurbita pepo L), i.e. custard squash.In recent years, the western pumpkin (being again Pumpkin) that ground is introduced from Japan, Taiwan etc. belongs to giant pumpkin in botany, and western pumpkin is nutritious because of it, best in quality, mouthfeel powder, glutinous, sweet, good looking appearance, small and exquisite, get consumer reception very much, its area under cultivation is constantly expanded.But it is vigorous that the root growth of western pumpkin is not so good as China squash, and general non-refractory, resistance is poor, holds during the broiling summer easily infected virus, and spring late sowing or autumn culture often causes total crop failure because of morbidity, in application, has significant limitation.
summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defect existing according to prior art, proposes a kind of western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, can improve warm tolerance and disease-resistant, the resistance of plant.
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs, a kind of western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, comprise the following steps:
One, select suitable stock, stock is selected heat-resisting, disease-resistant, growth potential and adaptable local China squash kind;
Two, build seedbed, selection physical features is high and dry, seedling raising greenhouse is built in the plot of convenient transportation, on the seedbed of seedling raising greenhouse, lay heating wire, and on heating wire the even Nutrition Soil of spreading 5~8cm, smooth treading, then the Seedling bag that installs Nutrition Soil is emitted on seedbed, wherein Nutrition Soil is that vegetable garden soil and decomposed dung are mixed and obtained in the ratio of 7:3, and vegetable garden soil is nontoxic, harmless and did not plant melon vegetable garden soil;
Three, vernalization, sowing, carry out presoaking and germinating processing to Chinese Pumpkin Seed, and be seeded in Seedling bag, after China squash seed sprouting, western pumpkin carried out to presoaking and germinating processing, and be seeded in seedbed or seedling-cultivating tray;
Four, grafting, when China squash seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, when western pumpkin young plant leaf has just launched, using China squash as stock, western pumpkin, as scion, utilizes the method for cutting sth. askew to start grafting;
Five, the management after grafting, grafting is sealed moisturizing 4~6 days in booth, maintains the interior relative moisture of booth more than 95%, 25~30 DEG C of day temperatures, night, 15~20 DEG C of hardenings, then ventilated gradually, saw light, maintain 20~25 DEG C of average daily temperatures, after two weeks, manage field planting according to seedling;
Six, field planting, applies fertilizer fertile soil, loose large Tanaka, uses 2000~3000 kilograms of decomposed manures for every mu, 40~50 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and by the spacing in the rows field planting grafting of 30~50cm.
China squash originates in China, and its tendril type cultivation history is long, and all parts of the country have formed many landrace, generally heat-resisting, barren-resistant, disease-resistant, wide adaptability.Therefore China squash disease-resistant by utilizing, strong stress resistance is sat stock and western pumpkin grafting, affinity is high, can strengthen that western pumpkin is heat-resisting, disease-resistant, resistance, improve grafting survival rate, solve as early as possible the problem of producing at present upper western pumpkin non-refractory easily infected virus, realized the object of western pumpkin high and stable yields.
The present invention is further technical solution problem by the following technical programs:
Aforesaid western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, wherein said China squash kind is large pumpkin or long leg pumpkin (wherein large pumpkin and long leg pumpkin are the title of China squash landrace), described western pumpkin kind is " east rises ".
Aforesaid western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, therein in described step 3, the condition of China squash or the processing of western pumpkin presoaking and germinating is: Pumpkin Seed is adopted to 55 DEG C and hot water treatment of seeds 15~20 minutes, and Pumpkin Seed is pulled out under the cooling rear normal temperature condition of nature with Seed soaking 3~4 hours, then Pumpkin Seed is pulled out and cleaned up, with gauze, Pumpkin Seed is wrapped, under 28 DEG C of temperature condition, carried out vernalization.
Aforesaid western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, wherein in described step 4, when grafting, utilize blade excision stock growing point, be the special bamboo let of the downward oblique cutting of 45° angle in incision, form the spliced eye of 0.5~1.0cm, keep bamboo let in stock stem, get again western pumpkin seedling, in western pumpkin young plant leaf below, cut sth. askew to butt by end of blade in 0.5cm place, obtaining length is the wedge shape scion of 0.5~1.0cm, take out bamboo let, scion is inserted in the spliced eye of stock, and the otch that makes stock and the scion embedding of working in coordination, adopt clip, sleeve pipe or adhesive tape are fixed.
Aforesaid western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, when the cotyledon grafting of the cotyledon of wherein said scion western pumpkin and stock China squash, direction is consistent.
Aforesaid western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, wherein said special bamboo let is the gradually wedge shape of point of tip, its thickness size is close or identical with the hypocotyl of western pumpkin.
Aforesaid western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, wherein in described step 6,2.5 meters of wide furrow are made in land for growing field crops, and in the upper unregistered land film of laying of plantation row, when field planting on the film of unregistered land standardized planting pit, grafting is transplanted in planting pit, watered after appropriate water, with native, cave mouth is covered.
Aforesaid western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, therein in described step 3, after emerging as the China squash of stock, grow to leaf spray nutritious liquor wholeheartedly time its seedling, the formula of described nutrient solution is in every kg water, to add 5 grams of compositions.Described composition is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40~50%, borax 0.5~1%, zinc sulphate 2~3%, magnesium sulfate 3~4%, vinegar 35~40% and paclobutrazol 5%, above each component sum is 100%.At grafting forward direction stock seedling spray nutritious liquor, can make the organ of stock accumulate more nutrient, make its growth more substantial, improve the vitality of seedling.
In the nutrient solution that the present invention uses, contain potassium, boron, zinc, magnesium etc., the seedling that can be western pumpkin provides sufficient nutritive element, and to promote growing of plant seedlings, borax also has the effect of desinsection, can prevent and treat insect pest in seedling stage.Vinegar not only contains acetic acid in addition, also contain amino acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, nicotinic acid, sugar, salt, calcium, iron, aldehyde compound etc., can regulate and promote growing of plant, spray vinegar, can improve the acid concentration of plant, strengthen assimilation, increase nutrient supply, to accelerate the metabolic function in plant corpus, keep the leaf of plant, root activity, strengthen its photosynthesis ability, make seedling stem stalk sturdy, can be used as foliage fertilizer, also can be used as plant protection product, in nutrient solution of the present invention, add not only can the have additional nutrients application effect of element of vinegar, the stability of the each component in liquid of having additional nutrients, increase borax, the application effect of paclobutrazol etc., also play the effect of sterilization and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.And paclobutrazol can stop the apical dominance of seedling, promote the growth of lateral bud, seedling is shown as short strong, well developed root system.
Aforesaid western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout, cultivating method, soaked 1s in the naphthalene acid solution that is wherein 200ml/kg by the described scion cutting in mass concentration.Formula corresponding to naphthalene acid solution of mass concentration 200ml/kg is in 1kg distilled water, to add 200ml methyl α-naphthyl acetate.Methyl α-naphthyl acetate can promote cambial activity, promotes the healing of wound, further improves graft survival rate.
The present invention is simple to operation, improve graft survival rate, utilized China squash disease-resistant, strong stress resistance to make stock, not only strengthened that western pumpkin is heat-resisting, disease-resistant, resistance, also retain the quality advantage of western pumpkin, realized the object of western pumpkin high and stable yields.
Embodiment
In the present invention, " large pumpkin " and " long leg pumpkin " are all purchased from Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City, and " east rises " western pumpkin is purchased from Wuhan nine-headed bird Seed company.Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the present invention, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, zinc sulphate, magnesium sulfate, vinegar, paclobutrazol and methyl α-naphthyl acetate etc. is commercially available.
Embodiment mono-
The western pumpkin of the present embodiment and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, comprise the following steps:
1. stock is selected
Select the heat-resisting disease-resistant China squash " large pumpkin " of local cultivation to make stock, select the western pumpkin " east rises " of high-quality to do scion.
2. preparing nursery bed
Selection physical features is high and dry, booth is built in the plot of convenient transportation, makes the low furrow in north-south in booth, dark 30cm, and wide 1.2~1.5m, length is determined as required.On the seedbed of seedling raising greenhouse, lay heating wire, and on heating wire the even Nutrition Soil of spreading 5~8cm, smooth treading, is then emitted on the Seedling bag that installs Nutrition Soil on seedbed.
3. vernalization, sowing
March 5 will be done " large pumpkin " presoaking and germinating processing of stock, seed soaking condition is for adopting " large pumpkin " seed 55 DEG C and hot water treatment of seeds 15~20 minutes, and its seed is pulled out under the cooling rear normal temperature condition of nature with Seed soaking 3~4 hours, then " large pumpkin " seed is pulled out and cleaned up, with gauze, seed is wrapped, under 28 DEG C of left and right temperature condition, carried out vernalization.After sprouting by planting seed in Seedling bag.The China squash of generally making stock is than western pumpkin planting early enough about 7 days, after China squash is emerged, the western pumpkin seed-soaking processing of scion will be done again, actual conditions is for adopting " east rises " Pumpkin Seed 55 DEG C and hot water treatment of seeds 15~20 minutes, and pulled out under the cooling rear normal temperature condition of nature with Seed soaking 3~4 hours, then seed is pulled out and cleaned up, with gauze, seed is wrapped, under 28 DEG C of left and right temperature condition, carry out vernalization.Can guarantee that like this rootstock seedling is greater than scion seedling, be convenient to grafting.
When " large pumpkin " sowing, in the middle of Seedling bag, prick a dark hole of about 1cm, then the melon seeds bud that has bud is put into aperture down, put after a seed for every bag, cover 1cm left and right Nutrition Soil, and carefully spray a small amount of water, finally lid layer mulch film on Seedling bag, buckle little shed film, after " large pumpkin " seed sprouting, take in time mulch film off.Separately after " large pumpkin " emerges, its seedling grows to leaf spray nutritious liquor wholeheartedly time, to improve the vitality of stock, wherein the formula of nutrient solution is in every kg water, to add 5 grams of compositions (being that mass concentration is 5g/kg), and composition is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40~50%, borax 0.5~1%, zinc sulphate 2~3%, magnesium sulfate 3~4%, vinegar 35~40% and paclobutrazol (purchased from Jiangsu Tuoqiu Agrochemicals Co., Ltd.) 5%, above each component sum is 100%.
March 9 was carried out presoaking and germinating processing (processing method is the same) to western pumpkin " east rises ", and be seeded in seedling-cultivating tray, insulation, moisturizing grows seedlings, and management is after planting the same with general pumpkin way to manage, and seedling management after emerging is with generally western pumpkin is the same.
4. grafting
When " large pumpkin " seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, when " east rises " young plant leaf has just launched, using " large pumpkin " as stock, " east rises ", as scion, utilizes the method for cutting sth. askew to start grafting.When grafting, utilize blade excision " large pumpkin " growing point, then (special bamboo let is the gradually wedge shape of point of tip to adopt special bamboo let, its thickness size is close or identical with the hypocotyl of western pumpkin) be the downward oblique cutting of 45° angle in " large pumpkin " incision, form the spliced eye of 0.5~1.0cm, retain bamboo let in " large pumpkin " stem, get again " east rises " seedling, in " east rises " young plant leaf below, cut sth. askew to butt by end of blade in 0.5cm place, obtaining length is the wedge shape scion of 0.5~1.0cm, in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate that is 200ml/kg in mass concentration by the scion cutting (reaching biochemistry purchased from Zhengzhou agriculture) solution, soak 1s, to promote wound healing, improve graft survival rate.Wherein, the formula that the naphthalene acid solution of mass concentration 200ml/kg is corresponding is in 1kg distilled water, to add 200ml methyl α-naphthyl acetate.Take out bamboo let, scion is inserted in the spliced eye of stock " large pumpkin ", and make embeddings of working in coordination of the otch of stock and scion, employing clip, sleeve pipe or adhesive tape are fixed.When the cotyledon grafting of the cotyledon of scion " east rise " and stock " pumpkin greatly ", direction is consistent.
5. the management after grafting
After grafting, place grafting, cover in time little shed film and sunshade net, make grafting in booth, seal moisturizing 6 days, maintain the interior relative moisture of booth more than 95%, 25~30 DEG C of day temperatures, night, 15~20 DEG C of hardenings, ventilated gradually by the 6th day, suitably saw light, but at the noon of fine day, when illumination is strong, must carry out shading treatment, maintain 20~25 DEG C of average daily temperatures, the highest temperature is 32 DEG C, and lowest temperature is 15 DEG C, after two weeks, grafting survives and manages field planting according to seedling;
6. field planting
In fertile soil, loose field planting Tanaka fertilising, use 3000 kilograms of decomposed manures for every mu, 50 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields in conjunction with whole, and composite fertilizer carries out row replacement, and then 2.5 meters of wide furrow are made in field planting field, and in the upper unregistered land film of laying of plantation row.Press 1 mu of the spacing in the rows field planting grafting of 40cm April for ten No. five, when field planting on the film of unregistered land standardized planting pit, grafting is transplanted in planting pit, water after appropriate water, cave mouth is covered with soil.
7. field management
After slow seedling is lived, keep furrow to meet personally and dryly see wetly, and in the time that fruit expanding period is large to water demand amount, water according to field soil moisture content in time.In earlier stage control nitrogen in growth and do not topdress, after fruit starts to expand and expands, topdress, each every mu imposes 10~15 kilograms, urea, or decomposed manure.Adopt two climing trainings, pinching in the time that seedling grows to 4~5 leaf, two side shoots that the base portion growing way of then selecting and remain is close are climing, in the time of the climing 50cm of growing to, want in time hidden climing, tie up climing and keep down the vines of a creeping plant, branches and tendrils are uniformly distributed on frame face or ground, and extract in time side shoot, Lao Ye and sick leaf, be beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light.2 melons are stayed in 1 strain of old melon of gathering, and other melon is extractd in time.
8. results
Within 40~45 days after blooming, start to gather in the crops aging melon.Grafting field disease and aging melon output are in table 1.
9. control group is set
March 5, also sowing was in Seedling bag by western pumpkin " east rises " seed presoaking and germinating, and presoaking and germinating, sows, after planting management, and seedling management, field planting, and farming method is the same, its field disease and aging melon output are in table 1.
Table 1
As seen from the above table, that the western pumpkin of the method engrafting and cultivating of the present embodiment has is heat-resisting, disease resistance and resistance, and its output is high, and with respect to common western pumpkin seedling volume increase 73.6%, application suits large area to popularize.
Embodiment bis-
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment mono-is, selects " large pumpkin " pumpkin to make stock, and " east rises " western pumpkin is done scion." large pumpkin " Pumpkin Seed is carried out to presoaking and germinating processing, and be seeded in Seedling bag, 1 every bag, after " large pumpkin " Pumpkin Seed is emerged, western pumpkin " east rises " seed is carried out presoaking and germinating processing, and is seeded in seedbed or seedling-cultivating tray.When " large pumpkin " pumpkin seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, when " east rises " young plant leaf has just launched, utilize the method for cutting sth. askew to start grafting.After grafting, in booth, seal moisturizing 4~6 days, maintain the interior relative moisture of booth more than 95%, 25~30 DEG C of day temperatures, night, 15~20 DEG C of hardenings, then ventilated gradually, suitably saw light, maintained 20~25 DEG C of average daily temperatures, managed field planting after two weeks according to seedling.When field planting, press 2000 kilograms of every mu of decomposed manures field planting Tanaka, 40 kilograms of fertilisings of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and by the spacing in the rows field planting grafting of 30~50cm, then grafting is carried out to field management, and control group is set, the field disease of grafting and control group and aging melon output are in table 2.
Table 2
As seen from the above table, that grafting has is heat-resisting, disease resistance and resistance, and output is high, has increased by 74.4% with respect to common western pumpkin seedling output.
Embodiment tri-
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment mono-is, select " long leg " pumpkin to make stock, " east rises " pumpkin is done scion, wherein the seed soaking condition of " long leg " Pumpkin Seed is hoted water treatment of seeds 15~20 minutes for adopting 55 DEG C, and pulled out under the cooling rear normal temperature condition of nature with Seed soaking 3~4 hours, then Pumpkin Seed is pulled out and cleaned up, with gauze, Pumpkin Seed is wrapped, under 28 DEG C of left and right temperature condition, carry out vernalization.The field disease of its grafting and aging melon output are in table 3.
Table 3
As seen from the above table, that grafting has is heat-resisting, disease resistance and resistance, and output is high, has increased by 85.3% with respect to common western pumpkin seedling output.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. western pumpkin and China squash grafting, strong sprout, a cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprised the following steps:
One, select suitable stock, stock is selected heat-resisting, disease-resistant, growth potential and adaptable local China squash kind;
Two, build seedbed, select the plot of high and dry, the convenient transportation of physical features to build seedling raising greenhouse, on the seedbed of seedling raising greenhouse, lay heating wire, and on heating wire the even Nutrition Soil of spreading 5~8cm, smooth treading, is then emitted on the Seedling bag that installs Nutrition Soil on seedbed;
Three, vernalization, sowing, carry out presoaking and germinating processing to Chinese Pumpkin Seed, and be seeded in Seedling bag, after China squash seed sprouting, western pumpkin carried out to presoaking and germinating processing, and be seeded in seedbed or seedling-cultivating tray;
Four, grafting, when China squash seedling grows to two leaves wholeheartedly, when western pumpkin young plant leaf has just launched, using China squash as stock, western pumpkin, as scion, utilizes the method for cutting sth. askew to start grafting;
Five, the management after grafting, grafting is sealed moisturizing 4~6 days in booth, maintains the interior relative moisture of booth more than 95%, 25~30 DEG C of day temperatures, night, 15~20 DEG C of hardenings, then ventilated gradually, saw light, maintain 20~25 DEG C of average daily temperatures, after two weeks, manage field planting according to seedling;
Six, field planting, applies fertilizer fertile soil, loose large Tanaka, uses 2000~3000 kilograms of decomposed manures for every mu, 40~50 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and by the spacing in the rows field planting grafting of 30~50cm.
2. western pumpkin according to claim 1 and China squash grafting, strong sprout, cultivating method, is characterized in that: described China squash kind is large pumpkin or long leg pumpkin, and described western pumpkin kind is " east rises ".
3. western pumpkin according to claim 1 and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, the condition of China squash or the processing of western pumpkin presoaking and germinating is: Pumpkin Seed is adopted to 55 DEG C and hot water treatment of seeds 15~20 minutes, and Pumpkin Seed is pulled out under the cooling rear normal temperature condition of nature with Seed soaking 3~4 hours, then Pumpkin Seed is pulled out and cleaned up, with gauze, Pumpkin Seed is wrapped, under 28 DEG C of temperature condition, carry out vernalization.
4. western pumpkin according to claim 1 and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, it is characterized in that: in described step 4, when grafting, utilize blade excision stock growing point, be the special bamboo let of the downward oblique cutting of 45° angle in incision, form the spliced eye of 0.5~1.0cm, keep bamboo let in stock stem, get again western pumpkin seedling, in western pumpkin young plant leaf below, cut sth. askew to butt by end of blade in 0.5cm place, obtaining length is the wedge shape scion of 0.5~1.0cm, take out bamboo let, scion is inserted in the spliced eye of stock, and the otch that makes stock and the scion embedding of working in coordination, adopt clip, sleeve pipe or adhesive tape are fixed.
5. western pumpkin according to claim 4 and China squash grafting, strong sprout, cultivating method, is characterized in that: when the cotyledon grafting of the cotyledon of described scion western pumpkin and stock China squash, direction is consistent.
6. western pumpkin according to claim 4 and China squash grafting, strong sprout, cultivating method, is characterized in that: described special bamboo let is the gradually wedge shape of point of tip, and its thickness size is close or identical with the hypocotyl of western pumpkin.
7. western pumpkin according to claim 1 and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, it is characterized in that: in described step 6,2.5 meters of wide furrow are made in land for growing field crops, and in the upper unregistered land film of laying of plantation row, when field planting on the film of unregistered land standardized planting pit, grafting is transplanted in planting pit, watered after appropriate water, with native, cave mouth is covered.
8. western pumpkin according to claim 1 and China squash grafting, strong sprout cultivating method, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, after emerging as the China squash of stock, grow to leaf spray nutritious liquor wholeheartedly time its seedling, the formula of described nutrient solution is in every kg water, to add 5 grams of compositions, described composition is made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40~50%, borax 0.5~1%, zinc sulphate 2~3%, magnesium sulfate 3~4%, vinegar 35~40% and paclobutrazol 5%, above each component sum is 100%.
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CN105494007A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-04-20 | 安徽和合园林绿化工程有限公司 | Willow seedling cuttage cultivation method |
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CN104938167B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2018-05-25 | 贵州远志佳明科技发展有限公司 | Cultural method without shell pumpkin |
CN105191624A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-30 | 太仓市王秀粮食生产专业合作社 | High-yield pumpkin planting method |
CN106376335A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 宿州市埇桥区九里梦种植专业合作社 | Planting method for improving sprouting percentage of pumpkin squashes |
CN106358772A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 宿州市埇桥区九里梦种植专业合作社 | Method for increasing graft survival rate of chestnut pumpkins |
CN108934824A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-07 | 钟山佳欣果蔬有限责任公司 | A kind of greenhouse pumpkin high yield cultivating method |
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