CN103548515A - Rapid walnut orchard establishment technology for direct seeding orchard establishment - Google Patents
Rapid walnut orchard establishment technology for direct seeding orchard establishment Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548515A CN103548515A CN201310502811.7A CN201310502811A CN103548515A CN 103548515 A CN103548515 A CN 103548515A CN 201310502811 A CN201310502811 A CN 201310502811A CN 103548515 A CN103548515 A CN 103548515A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid walnut orchard establishment technology for direct seeding orchard establishment and belongs to the technical field of cultivation. The technology is a method for sowing seeds of thick-skin walnuts or pecans serving as stocks artificially in a single row according to a ruled spacing in the rows and spacing between rows by utilizing a cultivation mode of establishing an orchard through onsite-stock grafting; the cultivated variety is grafted in next year; seedlings are remained according to required spacing in the rows and spacing between rows in the third year. Through the walnut direct seeding orchard establishment technology, seedlings are in-situ and are not subjected to the processes such as lifting of seedlings, transplanting and revival of seedlings, and roots are not damaged, so that survival rate of afforestation is high, the orchard establishment speed is fast, the survival rate of over-wintering is improved greatly, the trees are neat and consistent, and convenience is brought to management. The cost of the walnut direct seeding orchard establishment is low, the time taken for orchard establishment is short, and fast effect is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of live quick walnut garden technology of building garden, belong to and cultivate technical field.
Background technology
Juglans Juglandaceae, deciduous tree, winglike compound leaf, the height of tree is generally at 15-20 rice.Florescence is at the beginning of by the end of April-5 months, unisexuality, monoecism.The fruit phase is October, and fruit approaches spherical, diameter 3-5 centimetre.Exocarp is meat, and celadon above has brown spot.Endocarp is hard, has gauffer, yellowish-brown.Fruit combined in before and after White Dew, fruit crust was macerated rotten, and interior fruit rinsing airing, cleans out, and being exactly that people are said " walnut ".
Walnut, deciduous tree, can be up to 35m, bark canescence, shallow lobe, branch marrow sheet, the fine and soft hair of sprout tip tool; 2 years raw branch Chang Wumao.The long 25-50cm of winglike compound leaf, leaflet 5-9, rare 13, ellipticity is avette to oval, and terminal leaflet is conventionally larger, long 5-15cm, wide 3-6cm, the anxious point of tip or gradually point, base portion circle or wedge shape, sometimes be heart-shaped, full edge or have not obvious cognate, surperficial bottle green, without hair, there is microtriche at the back side only arteries and veins armpit, the extremely short or nothing of petiolule.The long 5-10cm of male catkin, male flower has stamen 6-30, and calyx 3 splits; A female flower 1-3 consor, style 2 splits, crimson look.Fruit is spherical, diameter 5cm, celadon.Tool glandular hairs during children, when old, without hair, inner nut is spherical, yellowish-brown, there is irregular groove line on surface.
At present, traditional walnut garden mainly comprises and grows seedlings, transplants ,Jian garden supervisor.Tradition is built the situations such as nursery stock variet complexity, survival rate Di,Jian garden speed that child-care center occurs is slow has become the Walnut Industry bottleneck problem developing rapidly at present.So propose the live garden pattern of building of walnut for above problem,, according to setting seeding row spacing sowing, the 2nd year grafting cultivation kind, builds up garden.During orchard worker Jian garden, consider regularity and the early yield in the garden of building, often adopt finished product Miao Jian garden, not only need to pay substantial contribution and purchase nursery stock, when plantation, also need the work of digging hollow place, repeatedly watering, and the survival rate of nursery stock is low, nursery stock causes nursery stock part root system impaired through lifting, transportation, time length.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of live quick walnut garden technology of building garden, to overcome in original Zai Miaojian garden, grow seedlings, dig the links such as seedling, transplanting, shorten growth cycle, improve output.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
A kind of live quick walnut garden technology of building garden, utilize the cultivation mode of sitting ground anvil grafting Cheng Yuan, particularly, to utilize pachydermia walnut or the cathay hickory planting seed of makeing stock, artificial seeding row spacing is according to the rules carried out the method for single file sowing, in Second Year grafting cultivation kind, within the 3rd year, seeding row spacing on request stays seedling.The live garden detailed process of building is as follows:
(1) field is selected: select on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, subterranean water level are built garden lower than 2.0 meters, sand that irrigation conditions is good; Before sowing, in 2-3 week, execute the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, after deep ploughing, pours water.
(2) seed collection: gathering kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m should selection, full maturity, be not subject to the harm of disease worm, the full thick shell Walnut Seed of kernel, is kept at the place of dry ventilation.
(3) seed treatment: broadcast the soaked 5-7 days of front seed demand, change water every day 1 time; Seed is exposed to the sun after pulling out one day, and duricrust breach can be sowed.
(4) stock cropping pattern:
Intercropping sowing seeding row spacing 7 * 8m, sets sowing cave.60cm * 40cm * the 40cm that digs pit inserts fertilizer 5kg, and phosphate fertilizer 200g, mixes.Table soil is filled to the sowing cave 8-10cm degree of depth, puts processed stock walnut kind, improve the soil 3-5cm suture blinding perpendicular to the ground patting of walnut surface.After adopting after first spreading on film dibbling pattern or adopting dibbling, cover about 1m2 film pattern.In the ranks can intercropping shallow root system crop.
The intensive garden of walnut seeding row spacing is set as 5 * 6, sets sowing cave, and type of seeding is sowed with reference to intercropping mode.In the ranks can intercropping shallow root system crop in the walnut treelet phase (sowing was to the 4th year).By the 5th year, only retain walnut, in order to avoid affect walnut result, produce.
(5) broadcast rear emerging for 20 to 25 days, about 40 days, all sprout, when walnut top soil is emerged, scratch in time plastic film.After seedling all sprouts, take off in time film, water after taking off film.Every about 15 days water once (depending on soil, being determined by circumstances).While watering for the first time, execute 20g/ nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer (2:1) quick-acting fertilizer, at the peripheral 10-15cm of tree body place, open the shallow annular groove fertilising of 3-5cm, water for the third time and open the shallow annular groove of 3-5cm at the peripheral 20cm of tree body place, execute 20g nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer (2:1:1) quick-acting fertilizer.Mid or late August waters and opens the shallow annular groove of 3-5cm at the peripheral 20cm of tree body place, executes 30g nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer (2:1) quick-acting fertilizer, water mid-October.
(6) after fallen leaves, tree body overwhelms, earthing 40cm left and right.Also can adopt woven bag to be enclosed within on walnut treelet, and then the protected mode of surviving the winter of banketing in woven bag, but best to bury native Wintering Methods.
(7) stock Second Year is cultivated:
Water and fertilizer management: mid or late March is opened table soil, waters the first water spring and at the peripheral 30-40cm of tree body, opens annular groove before, ditch depth 10-15cm, and organic fertilizer 10kg, quick-acting fertilizer 40g, waters before grafting for 4-5 days, approximately every 15 days water once (depending on soil moisture content).Water for the first time stump before water, according to 10-30cm left and right, ground cutting back.After seedling stump, can sprout several sprout tillers, select and remain one the most healthy and the strongest, erase other sprout tillers.Sprout tillers is removed the 10 days time between twice, twice.
(8) fringe bar grafting time: multiselect fixes on mid-June.
(9) scion is selected: fringe bar semi-lignified, the Secondary Branch that sprout is substantial.Select the full substantial sprout in fringe bar middle part.
(10) grafting method: select the seedling of Second Year growth, the stock that leading thread is greater than 0.7cm carries out grafting.Select annual shoot to carry out grafting; Grafting is poured water the last week.
Adopt band xylem to paste bud grafting method and square bud grafting method.The bud grafting of band xylem: fringe bar defoliation handle, in sprout bottom, the oblique cutter of reverse petiole direction causes fringe bar xylem, and the reverse sprout direction of 1.5cm above sprout is got horse ear shape band xylem sprout.Grafting part is selected in stock according to leading thread 30-40cm height.3cm band xylem horse ear shape is got at the smooth place of internode, at the horse ear shape base portion 3cm place that makes progress, blocks horse ear, the sprout on insertion fringe bar.Phloem alignment compresses.Use plastic film tighten, only expose sprout.On the top of grafting mouth, stay two compound leaves, every compound leaf stays 4 leaflets, prevents the rising Sheng of crossing.Square bud grafting method: grafting part is selected in stock apart from leading thread 30-40cm height.Fringe bar defoliation handle, arrives xylem for one week in the 1cm up and down of bud place's crosscut, in the vertical partial application of sprout dorsal part, is " work " font.The smooth place of stock internode get with fringe bar on the contour size of bud square, draw " work " notched cut and cause xylem.Thumb forefinger is tightly pinched sprout, takes off sprout, with handle of a knife, dials from the cortex of stock I shape otch both sides, bud sheet is embedded in stock otch, and the upper and lower and stock otch of bud sheet fits tightly, and closes up stock cortex, expose scion sprout, use plastic film tighten, only expose sprout.On the top of grafting mouth, stay two compound leaves, every compound leaf stays 4 leaflets, prevents the rising Sheng of crossing.
(11) seedling rich water quality management after grafting: after grafting 10 days, open annular groove Nitrogen Top Dressing at the peripheral 40cm of tree body place: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1:2:1, sets 30g for every.Cut off the water by the end of August.
(12) nursery stock management: treat young sprout 50-70cm pinching, promote lignification.
(13) survive the winter: bury native Wintering Methods, set body and overwhelm, earthing 40cm left and right.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the seedling cost of the conventional seedbed system transplantation technique adopting with current walnut is high, transplant after the problems such as the slow Miao Man,Jian garden time is long compare, walnut in this invention is live builds garden technology nursery stock in original place, not through processes such as lifting, transplanting, slow seedlings, root system does not sustain damage, therefore survival rate Gao，Jian garden is fast, and has greatly improved overwintering survival rate, tree body neat and consistent, is convenient to management.Live to build the garden cost Di，Cheng garden time short for walnut by contrast, instant effect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the embodiment of this invention.
Embodiment
Live quick walnut garden technology of building garden, utilize the cultivation mode of sitting ground anvil grafting Cheng Yuan, pachydermia walnut or the cathay hickory planting seed of stock made in employing, artificial seeding row spacing is according to the rules carried out the method for single file sowing, in Second Year grafting cultivation kind, within the 3rd year, seeding row spacing on request stays seedling.Detailed process is as follows:
1, field is selected: select on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, subterranean water level are built garden lower than 2.0 meters, sand that irrigation conditions is good; Sow first 3 weeks, execute the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, after deep ploughing, pour water.
2, seed collection: collection kind of period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m shell is thick is 3-4 millimeter, full maturity, be not subject to the harm of disease worm, the full middle-late ripening variety of kernel, is kept at dry place of ventilating.
3, seed treatment: broadcast front seed demand soaked 7 days, change water every day 1 time; Seed shines 6-7 hour in the sun after pulling out, start sowing when seed splits shell.
4, sowing earthing: during walnut intercropping short stalk crop, seeding row spacing is 6 * 8 meters, during not intercropping, seeding row spacing distance is 4 * 6 meters; Before broadcasting, execute phosphoric acid diamines, intensive cultivation, digs pit according to the seeding row spacing of having stipulated behind level land, and long 65 centimetres of hole is wide 55 centimetres, dark 50 centimetres, applies fertilizer and diamines (10kg:0.2kg), and inserts table soil.Ground temperature is stabilized in 10 ℃ when above, puts into the seed of having got ready in hole, and 1 of every bunch planting kind, makes suture perpendicular to the ground, earthing 5 cm thicks, its upper cover mulch film.
5, the processing of emerging: while coming up by the standardized osculum of mulch film, the seedling ramp phase, in conjunction with watering, topdress 3 times, 12 grams, urea is executed in strain, in time intertill and clean tillage.
6, in Second Year grafting in June seedling, and the mixed fertilizer 20g (1:2:1) that urea diamines potash fertilizer is executed in strain once, buries soil survive the winter 10 the end of month.
The problems such as the present embodiment is high with the seedling cost of the conventional seedbed system transplantation technique that current walnut adopts, the rear slow Miao Man,Jian garden time of transplanting is long are compared, walnut is live builds garden technology nursery stock in original place, not through processes such as lifting, transplanting, slow seedlings, root system does not sustain damage, therefore survival rate Gao，Jian garden is fast, and has greatly improved overwintering survival rate, tree body neat and consistent, is convenient to management.Live to build the garden cost Di，Cheng garden time short for walnut by contrast, instant effect.Walnut is live builds garden and seedling replanting is built garden relatively in Table 1.The technology of the present invention can greatly shorten builds the garden time, bears fruit ahead of time, reduces and build garden cost.Compare the live garden technology of building with traditional seedling transplanting technique and save that to build garden cost nearly 50%, economic benefit is obvious, and 1000 mu of walnuts are live builds garden cost accounting specifically in Table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
Claims (1)
1. a live quick walnut garden technology of building garden, it is characterized in that: utilize the cultivation mode of sitting ground anvil grafting Cheng Yuan, particularly, to utilize pachydermia walnut or the cathay hickory planting seed of makeing stock, artificial seeding row spacing is according to the rules carried out the method for single file sowing, in Second Year grafting cultivation kind, within the 3rd year, seeding row spacing on request stays seedling, and the live garden detailed process of building is as follows:
(1) field is selected: select on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, subterranean water level are built garden lower than 2.0 meters, sand that irrigation conditions is good; Before sowing, in 2-3 week, execute the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, after deep ploughing, pours water;
(2) seed collection: select robust growth,, thick shell real without the evening of damage by disease and insect grows directly from seeds walnut as seed tree; The equal pericarp of fruit in autumn 60% cracking, gathers during fruit full maturity;
(3) seed treatment: broadcast the soaked 5-7 days of front seed demand, change water every day 1 time; Seed is exposed to the sun after pulling out one day in the sun, and seed splits and mouthful can sow;
(4) sowing earthing: intercropping sowing seeding row spacing 7 * 8m, sets sowing cave; 60cm * 40cm * the 40cm that digs pit inserts fertilizer 5kg, and phosphate fertilizer 200g, mixes; Table soil is filled to the sowing cave 8-10cm degree of depth, puts processed stock walnut kind, improve the soil 3-5cm suture blinding perpendicular to the ground patting of walnut surface; After adopting after first spreading on film dibbling pattern or adopting dibbling, cover about 1m
2film;
(5) the stock management of emerging: while coming up by the standardized osculum of mulch film, the seedling ramp phase, in conjunction with watering, topdress 2-4 time, urea 10-15 gram is executed in strain, in time intertill and clean tillage;
(6) stock is survived the winter: rootstock seedling overwhelms and buries soil and survive the winter;
(7) stock Second Year is cultivated: nursery stock is stump at the beginning of 4 months, retains an annual shoot, erases other sprout tillers;
(8) grafting: multiselect fixes on mid-June;
(9) grafting method: band xylem bud grafting and square bud grafting;
(10) seedling rich water quality management after grafting: after grafting 10 days, open annular groove Nitrogen Top Dressing at the peripheral 40cm of tree body place: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer, set 30g for every; Cut off the water by the end of August;
(11) nursery stock management: treat young sprout 50-70cm pinching, promote lignification;
(12) survive the winter: bury native Wintering Methods, set body and overwhelm, earthing 40cm left and right.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104429640A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Bud grafting cultivation method for walnuts |
| CN104705076A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-17 | 陈争峰 | Grafting and managing method for walnut stocks at North China |
| CN104770262A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 郭永涛 | Method for planting walnuts in eastern region of Anhui |
| CN104982230A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-21 | 汪永全 | Method of grafting and cultivating Dabie Mountain hickory seedling |
| CN105052664A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-11-18 | 管天球 | Oil tea and walnut interplanting method |
| CN105918053A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly establishing persimmon orchard |
| CN107371994A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-11-24 | 卫治家 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104429640A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Bud grafting cultivation method for walnuts |
| CN104705076A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-17 | 陈争峰 | Grafting and managing method for walnut stocks at North China |
| CN104770262A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 郭永涛 | Method for planting walnuts in eastern region of Anhui |
| CN104982230A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-21 | 汪永全 | Method of grafting and cultivating Dabie Mountain hickory seedling |
| CN105052664A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-11-18 | 管天球 | Oil tea and walnut interplanting method |
| CN105052664B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-10-31 | 管天球 | Method is planted between a kind of oil tea and walnut |
| CN105918053A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly establishing persimmon orchard |
| CN105918053B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2019-06-04 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of persimmon rapid-result garden method fastly |
| CN107371994A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-11-24 | 卫治家 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
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