CN103181286A - Method for overcoming topophysis in vegetative propagation of gingkoes - Google Patents
Method for overcoming topophysis in vegetative propagation of gingkoes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for overcoming topophysis in vegetative propagation of gingkoes, which includes the following steps: taking a healthy and full-sprouted branch being without diseases and insect pests and growing at the middle upper part of a crown on the sunny side as a cutting slip; and adopting the cuttage and stumping method to solve the problem of topophysis during the vegetative propagation of gingkoes. Multiple branches generated after stumping can be directly adopted for cuttage or propagation by grafting, and the main branch can grow vertically. According to the method, the cost is low, the seedling forming speed is high, the rate of survival is high; and the problem of quick breeding of good seed sources, pedigree, clone and excellent single plant of gingkoes can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the vegetative propagation field in the woody plant cultivating seedlings, particularly a kind of about overcoming a kind of technical matters of ginkgo vegetative propagation position effect.
Background technology
Ginkgo is to carry over after the quaternary glacier motion, and the most ancient living fossil world-famous and Relict Plant in the existing spermatophyte is China's special product, is national second class protection seeds.The ginkgo whole body is " treasured ", integrates edible, medicinal, economical, ecological, cultureal value, is most typical peculiar multipurpose seeds.Ginkgo origin is not still cultivated by China, and the ancient center of introduction and acclimatization also is gingko resource and the kind diversity is the abundantest and the country of output, export volume maximum in the world.At present by more than 50 country's cultivation in the world.Ginkgo for 1000, reaches 600 year as the history of economic forest cultivation at the cultivation history of China.
The ginkgo breeding comprises seminal propagation, propagation by grafiting, is propagated from cuttings, organizes and cultivate and burr breeding 5 big classes.At present, grafting and to be propagated from cuttings be vegetative 2 main paties of ginkgo.Propagation by grafiting is ginkgo kinds such as China, Japan, Korea S one of the major measure of producing of growing directly from seeds.The ginkgo grafting is at least in the existing 400 years history of China.The sixties in 20th century, the U.S. just carried out breeding and the preservation of staminiferous plant improved seeds by this technology.As far back as nineteen forty-seven, the Vermeulen of N.J. just begins to carry out the research that the ginkgo staminiferous plant is propagated from cuttings, but until just successful by the Teuseher reported first to nineteen fifty-one.1950's, the ginkgo technology of being propagated from cuttings caused that domestic many people pay attention to, and this technology of the initial stage nineties is applied in production.Therefore, grafting and be propagated from cuttings for ginkgo breeding fast breeding, do sth. in advance solid significant.
Yet, outstanding theory and practice problem of ginkgo grafting and cuttage seeding is the oblique habit of growth of tool, be merismatic fuselage state by its determining positions on the tree body, and in the process of nourishing and generating, keep stable a kind of biological phenomena, be called position effect (Topophysis).Though position effect have promote flower bud differentiation, make fruit phase beginning in advance, the oblique and arc of branch is grown to the ginkgo bonsai production and established advantages such as good basis, it has great drawback: (1) has reduced the proliferative speed of breeding elite stand; (2) from using on material and the greening angle, position effect often makes the bending of breeding trunk, the layering of breeding poor, can not reproduce the good growth traits of elite stand; (3) from fruit growing, oblique growth is not easy to the tree-like cultivation of getting bumper crops, and is unfavorable for dense planting.Under this background, a kind of method that overcomes ginkgo vegetative propagation position effect has been proposed, this method utilizes the base portion of cuttage seeding to have a large amount of kryptoblast, kryptoblast is easy to generate again and does, growth has the advantages that to return young rejuvenation vertically upward, namely utilizes multiple dried branch grafting or cuttage, trunk can be grown vertically upward, can eliminate position effect.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, has the phenomenon of oblique growth at cuttage seeding in the vegetative process of ginkgo, position effect for control or elimination cuttage, the complete novel ginkgo vegetative propagation technique technology of proposition one cover is with the good growth traits that realizes reproducing elite stand, the proliferative speed that promotes the breeding elite stand, the tree-like purpose of cultivation high yield.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
(1) adopting the bar elite stand selects: be used for the improved seeds that the bar elite stand must be the big tree of result of adopting of cottage propagation, fruit is big, high-quality, high yield, perhaps tree-like grace, form satisfactorily material perfectly straight, fast growth use the kind select tree;
(2) plugged ear is selected and is handled: select robust growth, full, the no damage by disease and insect of bud to transplant a cutting, adopt bar in tree crown sunny side middle and upper part, the plugged ear upper cut is flat nick, lower cut is cut into single horse ear shape with sharp blade or budding knife, spray is transplanted a cutting and is kept 2-4 sheet leaf, the long 8-10cm of plugged ear, base footpath 0.3-0.8cm; The long 10-30cm of hardwood cuttings plugged ear, thick 0.4-0.8cm, the long 1.5-2.0cm of bevel;
(3) the epicormic branch cuttage time can carry out in mid-May, and late June transplants; About March 15 cuttage time or cuttage in autumn, spring transplant cuttage degree of depth 10-15cm; The taper hole straight cutting is inserted the back and is sprayed once permeable;
(4) manage after the cuttage: epicormic branch cuttage requires control bed surface temperature about 30 ℃, keep ground moistening, about relative air humidity 85%, the cooling of will sheltering from heat or light in cuttage 5-8 month prevents that matrix from becoming dry, keep relative air humidity more than 80%, daytime temperature is with 21 ℃-25 ℃, and be advisable with 15 ℃ night, and adaptability of soil earth temperature is 15-20 ℃, facility cool canopy light transmittance is advisable with 30%-50%, notes the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(5) Ginkgo early growth type, epicormic branch cuttage do not have high growth then, so cutting time to be early being advisable, in case freeze injury takes place winter, and height of seedling 15.2cm then, leading thread 0.4cm; The hard branch of ginkgo can be taken out living shoot in the seedbed, the young sprout germination rate can reach about 80%, because seedling-slowing stage is long, the amount of taking root seldom then behind the nursery stock transplanting;
(6) stump rejuvenation, stump instrument are shrub and hedge trimmer, and the stump time can be transplanted in cuttage seeding and be carried out when back 1 year, base portion have new life to do again, and crops for rotation want level and smooth when noting stump, do not have and split a batch breach, stubble height 3-5cm; Common 1 strain cuttage seeding can be germinated the multiple of 3-5 growth vertically upward and do behind stump, doing number again with age growth obviously increases, can set up the improved seeds cutting orchard by this approach, the scion or the plugged ear breeding that utilize this cutting orchard to obtain can be eliminated position effect.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) position effect has been constrained the tree body and has been nourished and grown, and often makes the bending of breeding trunk, the layering of breeding poor, " short do low hat "; Present technique then makes the good growth traits of elite stand be reproduced.
(2) position effect makes and the oblique growth of trunk is unfavorable for get bumper crops tree-like cultivation and dense planting, this phenomenon is overcome and regulates and control by this technology.
(3) effectively promoted the proliferative speed of breeding elite stand.
Utilize said method utilization base to give birth to the multiple dried vegetative propagation of carrying out, to reverse the position effect of breeding, reach rejuvenation and delay the purpose of clone aging, facility is easy, with low cost, for enrich the ginkgo seedling-cultivating method, particularly for the significance that establishes in ginkgo fine provenance, family, clonal reproduction and ginkgo breeding picking leaves garden.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 transplants a cutting processing;
Fig. 2 cuttage root-taking;
Fig. 3 transplants a cutting position effect;
The rejuvenation of Fig. 4 stump
Annotate: 3-1 transplants a cutting for the stem section for band top cutting, 3-2; 4-1 is stump, and 4-2 does for multiple.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
This is studied in 1993-1995 and carries out in ginkgo stock breeding garden, Tancheng, belongs to the little shed of the plastics seedbed in the protection ground cuttage.Select tree crown sunny side middle and upper part robust growth, bud branch full, no damage by disease and insect to make plugged ear.Adopt the ABT root-inducing powder to handle and automatic intermittent spraying cultivation cuttage seeding.Nursery stock is managed same conventional seedbed system.Seedling, and stimulates and produces a large amount of vertical tender tips of regeneration and namely do again to minimum position through stump repeatedly; Again do to impel normal bud or indefinite bud germinating the dried stump of mother the 2nd year spring after transplanting, and stump namely reversed to the 3rd year position effect after 2 years continuously.Ginkgo cuttage stump rejuvenation method implementation step is as follows:
1. cuttage preparation
The instrument of preparing cuttage has: shrub and hedge trimmer, single-edge blade, budding knife, Hydra plastic sack, bucket.During cuttage scion is placed in the plastic sack of preserving moisture, with inserting with getting.
2. the selection of plugged ear and processing
Spray is transplanted a cutting and is selected robust growth, full, the no damage by disease and insect of bud, adopts bar in tree crown sunny side middle and upper part, and the plugged ear upper cut is flat nick, and 1cm blocks at the place above bud.Lower cut position 1cm below bud blocks at the place.Lower cut is cut into single horse ear shape with sharp blade or budding knife.Otch will keep lateral bud in the side of bud as far as possible.The part of pruning be plugged ear footpath thick 1/3, form layer and xylem as long as expose, and it is thicker that reserve part is tried one's best, and is beneficial to take root.Keep 2-4 sheet leaf.The long 8-10cm of plugged ear, base footpath 0.3-0.8cm, the long 10-30cm of hardwood cuttings, thick 0.4-0.8cm.
3. cutting time
Cuttage can be divided into four periods according to the lignified degree of cutting in the ginkgo protection ground, spray from late May to the early August cuttage.About March 15 cuttage time or cuttage in autumn, spring transplant.From rooting efficiency, except July was low slightly, rooting rate all can reach more than 95% At All Other Times.
4. cottage method
For preventing that lower cut skin zone from tearing, can adopt taper hole straight cutting or trench digging by the method for wall cuttage.Insert the back with the real matrix of hand, prevent that plugged ear is unsettled, guarantee that plugged ear and matrix connects airtight, and spray once permeable at once.The following maintenance, have good growing environment in the slotting machine, ventilation and penetrating light, the overlapped and extruding of the blade of rigorous different plugged ears during epicormic branch cuttage.The lateral bud of plugged ear topmost is to the south, and blade is all on a line.Under the good condition of spraying facility, shallow the inserting of trying one's best has good aeration status to guarantee lower cut, is convenient to lifting simultaneously, and spray inserts 5-8cm, cuttage degree of depth 10-15cm.Cutting density 5 * 10cm is advisable.
5. insert the back management
Epicormic branch cuttage requires control bed surface temperature about 30 ℃, keep ground moistening, about relative air humidity 85%, the cooling of will sheltering from heat or light in cuttage 5-8 month prevents that matrix from becoming dry, keep relative air humidity more than 80%, daytime temperature is with 21 ℃-25 ℃, and be advisable with 15 ℃ night, and adaptability of soil earth temperature is 15-20 ℃, facility cool canopy light transmittance is advisable with 30%-50%, notes the extermination of disease and insect pest.
6. acclimatization and transplants
When rooting rate reach 90%, on average take root several more than 4.After the cuttage 45 days, but just acclimatization and transplants.The hardening technology is the another key measure of protection ground cuttage practicability.The principle of hardening: strengthen the photosynthesis of the seedling of taking root gradually, the effect of performance protective tissue strengthens the adaptability of environment to external world.7-15 days hardening time was advisable.During the hardening control of envirment factor with take root during opposite, mainly contain:
(1) prevents under the prerequisite of matrix exsiccation, reduce water spray number of times and injection flow rate gradually, nursery stock is carried out drought resisting take exercise;
(2) increase intensity of illumination.Take off the reed curtain of the side of covering gradually, increase canopy iuuminting rate, till all removing;
(3) increase ventilation number and intensity, reduce humidity in the canopy.
Carefully excavate by strain with scoop during lifting, prevent the root system damage, and keep the matrix around the rhizosphere, preferably balled transplanting as far as possible.It is thicker and crisp that ginkgo is transplanted a cutting shoot root system, easily hinders root when planting, so should adopt " trench digging is by the wall planting method ", that is: opens the shallow ridges of dark 5-10cm, a wide 10cm earlier at whole good bed surface, and the inwall of ditch is vertical.With the leveling of shallow ridges bottom of trench, plant by the seeding row spacing of 10 * 30cm then.The time of planting is preferably in to rob before the rain and plants, or successive cloudy days and planting at dusk.Plant the back and pour water once at once, preferably top dressing every day once, to reduce seedling-slowing stage.Generally plant and just can survive the same conventional seedbed system of later management in back 15 days.
7. stump rejuvenation
It is one of main feature of this invention that the stump rejuvenation is carried out in the ginkgo cutting, and the stump instrument is shrub and hedge trimmer, and specific requirement is:
(1) selection of best stump time: the stump time can be transplanted in cuttage seeding and be carried out when back 1 year, base portion have new life to do again.Generally in the fall resin stop to flow the back or spring resin begin flow progresses row stump, be preferably annual November 20 to March in next year.
(2) stubble height: toothing is unsuitable too high, and crops for rotation are too high not only to be caused the wasting of resources but also be unfavorable for sprout tillers.General toothing 3-5cm is the most suitable.Crops for rotation want level and smooth during stump, do not have and split a batch breach.
(3) stump intensity: during stump, transplant a cutting and to put down entirely for each strain.
Common 1 strain cuttage seeding can be germinated the multiple of 3-5 growth vertically upward and do behind stump, doing number again with age growth obviously increases, can set up the improved seeds cutting orchard by this approach, the scion or the plugged ear breeding that utilize this cutting orchard to obtain can be eliminated position effect.
The present invention is not limited to above embodiment, so long as used key technologies such as stump rejuvenation in the ginkgo cuttage, measure such as no matter whether cooperate to shade all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. method that overcomes ginkgo vegetative propagation position effect, this method comprises the step of following order:
(1) adopting the bar elite stand selects: be used for the improved seeds that the bar elite stand must be the big tree of result of adopting of cottage propagation, fruit is big, high-quality, high yield, perhaps tree-like grace, form satisfactorily material perfectly straight, fast growth use the kind select tree;
(2) plugged ear is selected and is handled, select robust growth, full, the no damage by disease and insect of bud to transplant a cutting, adopt bar in tree crown sunny side middle and upper part, the plugged ear upper cut is flat nick, lower cut is cut into single horse ear shape with sharp blade or budding knife, spray is transplanted a cutting and is kept 2-4 sheet leaf, the long 8-10cm of plugged ear, base footpath 0.3-0.8cm; The long 10-30cm of hardwood cuttings plugged ear, thick 0.4-0.8cm, the long 1.5-2.0cm of bevel;
(3) the epicormic branch cuttage time can carry out in mid-May, and late June transplants; About March 15 cuttage time or cuttage in autumn, spring transplant cuttage degree of depth 10-15cm; The taper hole straight cutting is inserted the back and is sprayed once permeable;
(4) the management epicormic branch cuttage requires control bed surface temperature about 30 ℃ after the cuttage, keep ground moistening, about relative air humidity 85%, the cooling of will sheltering from heat or light in cuttage 5-8 month prevents that matrix from becoming dry, keep relative air humidity more than 80%, daytime temperature is with 21 ℃-25 ℃, and be advisable with 15 ℃ night, and adaptability of soil earth temperature is 15-20 ℃, facility cool canopy light transmittance is advisable with 30%-50%, notes the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(5) the ginkgo seedling belongs to the early growth type, and epicormic branch cuttage does not have high growth then, so cutting time to be early being advisable, in case freeze injury takes place winter, and height of seedling 15.2cm then, leading thread 0.4cm; The hard branch of ginkgo can be taken out living shoot in the seedbed, the young sprout germination rate can reach about 80%, because seedling-slowing stage is long, the amount of taking root seldom then behind the nursery stock transplanting;
(6) stump rejuvenation, stump instrument are shrub and hedge trimmer, and the stump time can be transplanted in cuttage seeding and be carried out when back 1 year, base portion have new life to do again, and crops for rotation want level and smooth when noting stump, do not have and split a batch breach, stubble height 3-5cm; Common 1 strain cuttage seeding can be germinated the multiple of 3-5 growth vertically upward and do behind stump, doing number again with age growth obviously increases, can set up the improved seeds cutting orchard by this approach, the scion or the plugged ear breeding that utilize this cutting orchard to obtain can be eliminated position effect.
2. a kind of method that overcomes ginkgo vegetative propagation position effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the Best Times of described step (5) acclimatization and transplants is epicormic branch cuttage after 45 days, and cuttage is after 35 days.
3. a kind of method that overcomes ginkgo vegetative propagation position effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (6) the stump time can be transplanted in cuttage seeding and be carried out when back 1 year, base portion have new life to do again, crops for rotation want level and smooth when requiring stump, do not have and split a batch breach, stubble height 3-5cm, 1 strain cuttage seeding can be germinated the multiple of 3-5 growth vertically upward and do behind stump, doing number again with age growth obviously increases, can set up the improved seeds cutting orchard by this approach, the scion or the plugged ear breeding that utilize this cutting orchard to obtain can be eliminated position effect.
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| CN104126419A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Method for building old gingko tree excellent clonal seed orchard |
| CN104221650A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-12-24 | 山东农业大学 | Stumping rejuvenation method for Ginkgo biloba L. nursery stocks |
| CN105746280A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-13 | 云南洪尧园林绿化工程有限公司 | Ginkgo nursery-grown plant stumping and rejuvenating method |
| CN106105761A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-11-16 | 施秉县佳禾苗木花卉农民专业合作社 | A kind of cottage method of mountain region, plateau, subtropical zone ginkgo |
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| CN108184528A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-22 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method of ginkgo with heel cuttage |
| CN108260421A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-10 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method for promoting ginkgo cuttage root-taking |
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| CN103385107A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-13 | 山东农业大学 | Propagation method for stable genetic expression of Ohatsuki phenomena |
| CN104126419A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Method for building old gingko tree excellent clonal seed orchard |
| CN104221650A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-12-24 | 山东农业大学 | Stumping rejuvenation method for Ginkgo biloba L. nursery stocks |
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| CN108157117A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-15 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method for inspiring ginkgo and doing generation again |
| CN108184528A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-22 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method of ginkgo with heel cuttage |
| CN108260421A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-10 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method for promoting ginkgo cuttage root-taking |
| CN108157117B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-04-24 | 山东农业大学 | Method for promoting generation of gingko redrying |
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