CN104115756A

CN104115756A - Method for breeding beef cattle and mutton sheep standardly on large scale through photovoltaic facilities

Info

Publication number: CN104115756A
Application number: CN201410362799.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁志强; 郑怀东; 庄正; 丁嘨南
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-07-29
Filing date: 2014-07-29
Publication date: 2014-10-29
Anticipated expiration: 2034-07-29
Also published as: CN104115756B

Abstract

A method for breeding beef cattle and mutton sheep standardly on a large scale through photovoltaic facilities includes the four parts that first, a photovoltaic facility greenhouse is built, maize seedlings or high-quality green forage grass Zea mexicana is produced throughout the year to be used as green fodder of beef cattle and mutton sheep; second, the beef cattle and the mutton sheep are bred and bio-organic fertilizer is produced standardly on a large scale through the photovoltaic facility greenhouse; third, photovoltaic power generation is performed for self use, and excessive electricity is connected into the state grid; fourth, a beef cattle and mutton sheep traceable system is built, and foods are made safe and sanitary. Through the method, not only can solar resources be effectively utilized to output clean and green energy, but also efficient planting and breeding can be achieved, by-products are processed into organic fertilizer, and a new path is provided for green agricultural production. Because a full-frame high-standard support system is adopted for the photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse and photovoltaic modules are arranged on the greenhouse, the space of the greenhouse can be effectively utilized, power utilized in the greenhouse can be supplied through a photovoltaic power station, and equivalently, stereoscopic production is formed on the land with the same area.

Description

A kind of method of photovoltaic facility scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep

Technical field

This patent belongs to the herding scale standardization cultivation in photovoltaic agricultural, is the emerging photovoltaic industry of country.The suitable cultivation of the present invention beef cattle sheep, but the raising of applicable equally milch goat, milk cow, donkey, live pig, chicken.

Background technology

" transform light energy " technology has LED(light-emittingdiode Light Emitting Diode), be to utilize the impact of electronics and luminous; And solar energy is reverse LED, utilize monocrystalline silicon or polysilicon after being subject to light, to discharge electronics mechanism, be that a kind of mode of physics photovoltaic conversion is generated electricity.And aforementioned plant is to be the mode of a kind of chemistry (biochemistry) for catching of luminous energy.

" photovoltaic agricultural " is exactly utilize above-mentioned solar energy crystal silicon plate generating (physics mode trapped electrons) and carry out planting greenhouse horticultural crop (chemical mode trapped electrons) in the space of supporting under power generation plate, so can take full advantage of solar energy and land utilization rate.

Photovoltaic agricultural application new model: photovoltaic agricultural science and technology booth is a kind of new pattern of distributed photovoltaic application, is also the typical photovoltaic facility of photovoltaic agricultural.Compare with building centralized large-sized photovoltaic surface power station, photovoltaic agricultural science and technology booth project has many advantages.First, the utilization of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse be the ceiling of agricultural greenhouse, do not take ground, can not change land use character yet, therefore can economize the land resource; Secondly, by set up the solar panel of different light transmittances on agricultural greenhouse, can meet the daylighting demand of Different Crop, can plant all kinds of high added value crops such as organic farm products, famous and precious nursery stock, can also realize anti-season plantation, fine work plantation; Finally, utilize ceiling generating not only can meet the electricity needs of agricultural greenhouse, can also be by the grid-connected sale of remaining electricity, additional income.

Photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse advantage has a lot, for example, owing to adopting pure frame high standard mounting system, photovoltaic module be placed in greenhouse above, can effectively utilize the space of green house, electricity consumption in green house, such as heating, ventilation, illumination, can solve by photovoltaic plant, be equivalent to form three-dimensional production on the soil of same homalographic.Photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse moulding magnificence very attractive in appearance, has sight-seeing agriculture characteristic, and the various crops of planting also meet organic farming standard, and sightseeing, organic generating income that adds, be the development of future technology agricultural.Meanwhile, agricultural and integrated photovoltaic power station, combine traditional farming plantation with photovoltaic generation, improve the comprehensive utilization ratio in photovoltaic generation project soil, realizes the highly effective stereo utilization of sunlight, land resources, reached the two-way income of agricultural and generating.

Summarize it, photovoltaic facility scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep is an emerging field in photovoltaic agricultural, will promote the revolution of Chinese photovoltaic industry, photovoltaic agricultural.

The patent No. is ZL2012104375106, the applying date to be on November 06th, 2012, the day for announcing is that the patent that on 04 09th, 2014, denomination of invention are " capable of adjusting bright formula photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse " has been announced a kind of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse, belongs to photovoltaic generation and modern ecological agriculture field.This booth comprises that booth sunny side is basic, the back is basic, on sunny side basis and back basis, be provided with ceiling frame, at least two closed slides are set on ceiling frame sunny side, be respectively No. one and No. two guide rails, on a guide rail and No. two guide rails, slide photovoltaic bracket is set No. one, photovoltaic electrification component is arranged on a photovoltaic cell support, and No. one photovoltaic bracket can drive photovoltaic electrification component edge on a track and No. two tracks to slide.

Foregoing invention does not relate to photovoltaic facility scale standardization cultivation beef cattle hired herdsman's skill or method.According to retrieval and technology, look into newly, the present invention will fill up the blank in this field.

Summary of the invention

A kind of method that the object of this invention is to provide photovoltaic facility scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

1. the standardization of photovoltaic facility scale cultivates a method for beef cattle sheep, it is characterized in that: be divided into four parts, and the one, build photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, produce the blue or green forage grass zea mexicana of maize seedling or high-quality the anniversary as beef cattle, mutton sheep green fodder; The 2nd, utilize the cultivation of photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse scale standardization beef cattle, mutton sheep and biological organic fertilizer; The 3rd, photovoltaic generation is personal, and remaining electricity is incorporated to national grid; The 4th, set up the cultivation of beef cattle sheep and can relate system, reach food security, health;

1. build photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse

Photovoltaic green-house is built can supply with the required electric powers such as agricultural greenhouse intraoral illumination, and remaining electricity is grid-connected for other necessity; At photovoltaic green-house, build in net system, allocate mutually with LED system, daytime generating ensures the growth of plant; Night, LED system application daytime generating, supplied with illumination to plant, extended time at sunshine, dwindled plant and produced the cycle; Solar photovoltaic generation system, photo-thermal system and novel nano Ecology conversion film technological synthesis grafting are arrived to traditional green house; Conversion film technology can be according to different plant growths the demand to different wave length light absorption, to seeing through the sunshine of conversion film, carry out wavelength conversion so that crops more easily absorb, improved photosynthetic efficiency;

1.1 build addressing

During addressing, select physical features smooth, fertile soil, the content of organic matter is high, traffic convenience, remaining electric capacity is the place of online easily;

Photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse should meet following condition while selecting for scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep:

1, culture zone surrounding scope: apart from village, river, reservoir, road, railway all more than 1000 meters;

2, the comparatively smooth or gradient of physical features, lower than the hilly country, gentle slope of 28 °, reduces investment in land and photovoltaic Installed capital cost;

3, construction project pollution prevention facility must design with major project simultaneously, constructs simultaneously, put into operation simultaneously;

1.2 construction scheme

1.2.1 Scheme Choice

Photovoltaic generating system is divided into angle of solar battery system and grid-connected photovoltaic system; Independent photovoltaic power station comprises backwoodsman village electric power system, solar energy Home Power System, communication and signal power supply, cathodic protection, solar street light etc. various with accumulator can independent operating photovoltaic generating system; Thin-film photovoltaic solar electricity generation system with grow seedlings, seedling-wood breeding, vegetables or other crop booth combine, utilize solar cell as roofing or the roof system of various crops, nursery stock booth, belong to Novel photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse integrated optical photovoltaic generating system, effectively utilize agricultural greenhouse roof existing, in large scale;

1.2.2 building method

Photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse comprises: inside and outside double-layer plastic film (1), ventilative opening (2), photovoltaic panel module (3) and body of wall (4);

1, photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse specification; Photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse is east-west or allow photovoltaic panel vertically towards the next direction of solar radiation; Specification is as follows: with 667m ²area be benchmark, build and land readjustment, suitably strengthen or dwindle construction area:

(1) southern side or low side height: 1.5～2.5m; Thickness of wall body 24～36cm brick mix structure or thickness of wall body 8～12cm laminated foam plate structure; Body of wall has 20～35 of the windows of specification 1～2 * 2～3m, each window interval 10～50cm or larger; Window is provided with 3 layers of flashing, wind proofing heat holding curtains; A plurality of ventilative openings (2) are set on canopy face; On photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, be provided with photovoltaic panel module (3);

(2) north side or high-end height: 4～6m; Thickness of wall body 24～36cm brick mix structure or thickness of wall body 8～12cm laminated foam plate structure; Body of wall has 20～35 of the windows of specification 1～2 * 2～3m, each window interval 10～50cm or larger; Window is provided with 3 layers of flashing, wind proofing heat holding curtains;

(3) north and south span or height end span degree: 9～10m;

(4) depth length 66.7～74m;

(5) effectively cultivation or cultured area 650～667m ²;

2, photovoltaic panel module configuration; 75w * 267pcs=20.025kw or 20.025～60kw; Screening rate 68～70%;

3, the personal method of generating:

(1) photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse plantation; With scattered light and LED etc., carry out light filling or guide planting with blue, the red fibre bundle of blueness, red LED lamp or selectivity; Ruddiness carries out photosynthesis for plant, the blue light guiding direction of growth;

(2) photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse cultivation; With scattered light and LED etc., carry out light filling;

(3) general lighting; With electricity-saving lamp or the illumination of LED lamp; Power 5～50W;

4, remaining electricity online;

2. photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse plantation

The blue or green forage grass zea mexicana of 2.1 photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse maize planting seedlings or high-quality

2.1.1 plant and plant frame manufacture

With the square tube of 2～3 * 3～5cm or the pipe of diameter 2～5cm, be welded into the plantation frame of high by 1.5～2.5 * wide 0.8～1.0m * length 2～5m, the lattice hurdle frame that is partitioned into high by 0.2～0.3 * wide by 0.8～1.0 * long 0.5～0.8m specification in cultivating stand, lattice hurdle frame is placed dish for cultivating;

2.1.2 dish for cultivating manufacture

Dish for cultivating specification: high by 5～10 * wide 35～45m * length 0.4～0.7m; With enamel tray, substitute or stainless iron manufacture or stainless steel or plastics manufacture;

2.1.3 maize seedling cultivation

Maize planting kind of the present invention is local main cultispecies or high-quality green fodder zea mexicana seedling or other cattle and sheep happiness food crop;

1, sowing is watered, dish for cultivating cultivated maize seedling;

(1) dish for cultivating sterilization; Potassium permanganate 1～4% aqueous solution spray disinfection sterilization;

(2) dish for cultivating cultivated maize seedling; Maize seed or other planting are spilt in dish for cultivating uniformly, with hand, balance seed, form not one deck of extruding mutually;

(3) water; Watering is deep to seed 1/3～1/2 and surfaces, and keeps this degree of depth 2～3d, allows more than 95% seed sprouting;

Zea mexicana can be used soil cultivation, the long-term harvesting of suitable once cultivation;

2, rich water quality management;

(1) temperature: indoor temperature remains on 15～36 ℃;

(2) humidity: indoor air humidity RH:60～85%;

(3) illumination: intensity of illumination: germination period is dark or slightly bright; During the long 1～2cm of bud, daylight 1000～50000Lux, 12hr, night slightly bright 50～200 Lux; Select LED ruddiness to promote Fast Growth, the LED blue light guiding direction of growth, ruddiness to promote photosynthesis, shorten growth cycle; Or select fibre bundle to guide ruddiness illumination, tachyauxesis; Prolonging light time on daytime 1～3hr shortens growth cycle;

(4) CO2; Indoor CO2 concentration remains on: 10～1000ppm; Winter or low temperature need higher CO2 concentration;

(5) moisture and mineral nutrition; Moisture adopts irrigate band drip irrigation or spray painting; Mineral nutrition dilutes 100～200 times of drip irrigations or sprays or apply fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer with natural pond liquid;

2.2 gather

2.2.1 conventional corn seedling is gathered

Gathered picking time in 7～8 leaf phases in seedling stage; Dish for cultivating is brought out and neatly pours out maize seedling, and blank panel sterilization is standby;

2.2.2 zea mexicana is gathered

Zea mexicana cauline leaf is tender, delicate fragrance is good to eat, comprehensive nutrition, and livestock and poultry and fish are extremely liked food; All can gather in the arbitrary period when the high 20～150cm of stem; Cradle fresh cauline leaf chopping or livestock and poultry and the fish fed of pulling an oar, green grass or young crops is raised 50% left and right that Direct-fed amount accounts for feed intake; Grass poultry appetite is most probably full, and green grass dosage accounts for 1/3～1/2 of the amount of feeding; Green grass is as tood many or too much for use, and its ensiling is standby for winter;

2.2.3 other plant is gathered

Clover seedling, millet seedling are gathered when the high 20cm of stem is above; Other plant, the vegetables timely collecting as requested of gathering;

3. photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse scale standardization cultivates beef cattle, mutton sheep

3.1 standardization cultivation greenhouses are built

According to above-mentioned " photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse specification: north and south span or height end span degree: 9～10m, depth length 66.7～74m, effectively cultivation or cultured area 650～667m2 ", build standardization cultivation greenhouse;

3.1.1 standardization cultivation greenhouse method of construction

1, build operation road; Width 2.5～2.6m, the long operation road that runs through whole facility plastic greenhouse are set in the middle of photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse;

2, build the gate at two ends; At photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse operation two ends, road, be respectively equipped with " high by 1.8～2.5 * wide 2.5～2.6m " gate;

3, build hopper; Both sides in photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse operation road are provided with the hopper of " wide by 40 * dark 10cm ", the two ends of the through photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse of hopper length;

4, build cultivation circle;

(1) build cultivation barnyard manure urine raceway groove; In cultivation, enclose the fecaluria raceway groove that below ground digs dark 20～25cm * wide 3.2～3.75m, grows to photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse two ends; Brick and hardening of cement for raceway groove; Raceway groove one side is installed automatic slurry scraper;

(2) build the face of enclosing the land that cultivates; Above fecaluria raceway groove, lay bamboo hedge, hedge gap is at 0.5～1.0cm, and the fecaluria of being convenient to sheep leaks to fecaluria raceway groove; Laying bamboo hedge wins maintenance and operates road in same plane; Beef cattle cultivation is removed this;

(3) build cultivation circle; At photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse hopper side, build cultivation circle; Specification is: wide 3.2～3.75m * length 3.2～3.75m, and it is highly the relatively independent circle field of 0.8～1.5m that cultivation circle surrounding is connected into diameter 5～6 steel pipe weldings; Each cultivation circle circle field is provided with 1～2 Automatic water tap, and height is in 0.5m left and right; Cultivation circle is provided with the latch door that width is 0.8～1.0m, is convenient to cattle and sheep turnover or subfield; Cultivation circle is positioned at operation both sides, road, one of a side, and specification is identical;

3.1.2 build fecaluria sedimentation basin

One end outside photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, installs the opposite end of automatic slurry scraper and builds fecaluria sedimentation basin, and sedimentation basin is connected with fecaluria raceway groove; Pond, shallow lake specification: length * wide * height=1～2 * 1～2 * 1～2m, 20cm above ground level, is provided with cement cover board above sedimentation basin, prevent the dirty mixed flow of rain;

3.1.3 build the dirty runner of rain

In the eaves surrounding of photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, be provided with metal concave and connect rain groove, connect rain groove low side and connect pvc pipe road or PE pipeline downstream, 3～5 cun of pipe diameters, the storm sewer on the straight-through ground of pipeline downstream, rainwater enters river course or land for growing field crops by storm sewer;

3.2 scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep

Cultivation circle specification is wide 3.2～3.75m * length 3.2～3.75m, and 8～15 of mutton sheeps are grown in each cultivation stable breeding, 5～8 of cultivation beef cattles; Each cultivation circle is placed with " adding brick " 1～2, adds brick and is divided into salt and adds brick, trace element and add that brick, mineral element add brick, vitamin adds brick, according to the difference of cattle and sheep, feeds and need to place in period, health status, epidemic prevention;

3.2.1 scale standardization cultivates mutton sheep method

3.2.1.1 breeding sheep raising method

1. nonpregnant phase; Strengthen the breed raising of previous first quarter moon of ewe, select fresh maize seedling or zea mexicana or silage fodder to feed, extend the nursing time, the mixed concentrate that every sheep supplementary feeding every day is 0.2～0.3 kilogram, reach medium above trophic level, with promotion, oestrus, make to oestrus neat, improve conception rate and double lamb rate;

2. pregnant shaking the phase; This period selects fresh maize seedling or zea mexicana or silage fodder to feed, and is aided with a small amount of concentrated feed, needn't supplementary feeding; In the ewe nutrition of latter half of gestation, the nonpregnant phase of energy Ratios increases by 30～40%, and protein increases by 40～60%, and calcium phosphorus increases by 1～2 times, and vitamin increases by 2 times; Except normal feeding, answer 0.5～1 kilogram of supplementary feeding dried wild grass, 1 kilogram, ensilage or fresh maize seedling or zea mexicana feed, 0.5～1 kilogram of fine fodder; Its ratio of fine fodder is corn 52%, soya-bean cake 25%, bran 18%, salt, stone flour, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, premix each 1%, according to percentage by weight, calculate;

3. lactation; Ewe should drink a little warm salines or in warm saline, add some wheat brans, to regulate digestive function, promotes the discharge of lochia; In 3 days postpartum, ewe can only feed some high-quality hays, do not feed fine fodder and succulence fresh feed, in order to avoid cause indigestion or mastitis, can feed after 3 days a small amount of mixed concentrate and succulence fresh feed, reach the scale of feeding of lactation gradually;

Within after lambing first 1.5 months, be lactation early stage, ewe feeding standard: 1.5 kilograms of dried wild grass, 1 kilogram, ensilage or fresh maize seedling or zea mexicana feed, 0.5 kilogram, carrot, 1～1.5 kilogram of mixed concentrate; Mixed concentrate ratio is calculated according to percentage by weight: corn 52%, wheat bran 18%, soya-bean cake 25%, salt, sodium bicarbonate, stone flour, bone meal, premix each 1%; Within latter 1.5 months, be the lactation later stage, ewe feeding standard and lactation are same early stage, and every day, every fresh maize seedling of sheep feeding or zea mexicana were 1 kilogram;

3.2.1.2 lamb raising method

1. early eat, eaten colostrum; The lamb latter 1.5 hours planted agents that are born have colostrum;

2. eat normal breast;

3. early opening tonic raises; Lamb, at raw latter 7～10 days, just should be trained and eat fresh maize seedling and material feeding; Employing is hung grass and is lured lamb to hold grass in the month, with frying the material feeding of fragrant induction lamb; Within after Birth in Lambs 15～20 days, rise, should give lamb supplementary feeding mixed concentrate, 50 grams of every lamb every days, later increasing gradually and constantly increase the supplementary feeding amount of mixed concentrate with lamb growth and required nutrient; Within every 5～7 days, dosage is 1 time, and when lamb age in days reaches 60 days, the mixed concentrate daily amount of supplementary feeding should reach 300～350 grams; Lamb is mended Concentrate formula and counts by weight percentage: corn 50%, bran 15%. soya-bean cakes 30%, salt, stone flour, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, premix each 1%;

4, the sheep newly entering or newborn lamb are wanted Unified number, registration, are registered, make card, earmarking, carry out " sheep one card " tracing management, and standard special messenger makes an inspection tour sheep hurdle, prevention epidemic situation;

3.2.1.3 be bred as sheep raising method

Feed every day and raise maize seedling or zea mexicana accounts for 1/3～1/2 of total forage volume;

1. be bred as the breeding technology in early stage; Daily ration be take fine fodder as main, and supply high-quality hay and the fresh maize seedling material of ensiling succulence, and every every day fed 0.2～0.3 kilogram by mixed concentrate; The formula rate of mixed concentrate counts by weight percentage: corn 50%, soya-bean cake 25%, rice bran 20%a, stone flour, salt, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, premix each 1%;

2. be bred as the breeding technology in later stage; Except normal feeding, every day, every supplementary feeding dried wild grass was 1 kilogram, 1 kilogram of ensilage, and 0.5 kilogram, carrot, 0.4～0.7 kilogram of mixed concentrate, the formula rate of mixed concentrate counts by weight percentage: corn 55%; Soya-bean cake 20%, bran 20%. salt, stone flour, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, premix each 1%;

3.2.2 scale standardization cultivates adapted varieties and the science raising method of mutton sheep

3.2.2.1 scale standardization cultivates the adapted varieties of mutton sheep

The mutton sheep kind of sheep, cutter youth sheep, the cold sheep of little tail and applicable cluster stable breeding;

3.2.2.2 science raising method

1, feed selects with reasonably combined; Sheep feeding habits are more assorted, crude feed tolerance, and all kinds of green grass, crops straw, dish leaf, not plump shell all can be used as sheep feed; Utilize some agricultural byproducts offcuts soybean curb residues, dish cake, silkworm excrement, cavings, stalk to feed sheep;

(1) application straw ammoniation sheep raising technology; By straw and a certain proportion of carbonic hydroammonium, with water, be placed under airtight environmental condition, through certain hour normal temperature, deposit, to improve the nutrient component of straw, improve palatability, improve feed intake and digestibility, reducing feed cost, is one of comparatively ideal supplement feed;

(2) commercial seed grass sheep raising technology; The various forage grasses of artificial planting are a kind of nutrient balance, good palatability, the high-quality green and rough feeds that yield per unit area is high; The high quality grass kind of some Various Seasonal, according to the feature of self, is selected in scale sheep raising family, utilizes food patch, fragmentary vacant lot plantation forage grass; Utilize straw ammoniation technology as the feed of sheep; The maize seedling that the present invention produces or zea mexicana seedling are fed and are raised effective innovation that beef cattle sheep is exactly this technology;

(3) feed is reasonably combined;

2, the feeding and management of science

(1) feeding and management of stud ram;

(2) feeding and management of ewe

1. the raising at front and pregnant initial stage of breeding; In breeding first 1 month, breeding sheep is arranged, the poor individuality of body fat gives that suitable short-term is excellent raises, and adds and feeds some brans, silkworm excrement, not plump paddy, broken broad bean and mixed concentrate, improves ewe body condition; The gestation initial stage, should improve quality of the fodder, do not need to accelerate;

2. the raising of latter half of gestation; Feed request volume is little and nutrient is high, suitably reduces coarse fodder ratio, take high-quality hay as main, and mends and feed a small amount of wheat bran, the rich proteinaceous grain by-product of beans;

3. the raising of lactation; After 15～20 days, should increase gradually the mixed feed of feeding comprehensive nutrition; The lactation later stage, should suitably reduce the trophic level of ewe, in daily ration, reduce gradually succulence and fine fodder consumption;

(3) raising of lamb

1. feed sufficient colostrum;

2. feed supplement ahead of time; For promoting cud to grow, the source that has additional nutrients, should open food ahead of time, training material feeding; After Birth in Lambs, two weeks just can lure and raise a small amount of high-quality hay, and 20 ages in days just can be eaten a small amount of fine fodder, and it is main after 1 month, turning to gradually the material that pastures;

3. note motion;

4. wean in good time; About 2 monthly ages, 15 kilograms of ablactation of body weight;

(4) be bred as the raising of sheep;

1. weanling young sheep's hay material answers high-quality suitable nutritious, easy to digest; Along with the enhancing of monthly age increase, feed intake and digestion power, increase gradually the amount of feeding of coarse fodder;

2. male and female is hived off;

(5) fattening

1. lamb fattening; After selected hiving off, contrast feeding standard, gives different nutrition levels, adds and feeds fine fodder and high-quality green hay;

2. old sheep is fattened;

4. add sharp movement; Latter 5～7 days of lamb birth, selects the fine day that the winds blow gently and the sunshine is warm, allows at noon lamb move;

5, the sheep newly entering or newborn lamb are wanted Unified number, registration, are registered, make card, earmarking, carry out " sheep one card " tracing management, and standard special messenger makes an inspection tour sheep hurdle, prevention epidemic situation;

3.2.3 scale standardization cultivates beef cattle method

1, feeder cattle is selected: the feeder cattle kind of producing high quality beef select to improve with Luxi Yellow cattle, Jin Nanniu, Qinchuan Cattle, Nanyang cattle, Yan Bianniu China five large oxes and external Quality beef inter breed crossing two, three way cross ox; Feed every day and raise maize seedling or zea mexicana accounts for 1/3～1/2 of total forage volume.

2, standardized production:

(1) unify roughage supply; Fatten feeder cattle roughage source and be mainly corn stalk, peanut seedling, melon seedling and high protein zea mexicana herbage; Fatten 1 feeder cattle and need maize straw or 0.067～0.1 hectare of complete stool band fringe silage corn of 0.13～0.2 hectare;

(2) centralized purchasing; The concentrated feed centralized purchasings such as the corn of sub-ox growth needs, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, cotton cake, and to the chemical examination of feed centralized detecting, guarantee non agricultural chemical residuum, nonhazardous material, without going rotten, pollution-free;

(3) unify feed formula; Take high-octane feed balance daily ration and intensity to fatten;

(4) unify technical training, technological guidance;

(5) feeder cattle that produces Quality beef can be delivered for sale through concentrated the fattening of 120～180 days; Feeder cattle enters the cowshed after strict sterilization, in hurdle, to observe within 10～15 days, confirm anosis, without bad habit, can be incorporated to cows; To the feeder cattle newly entering, in clean drinking-water, add the anti-stress medicines such as multiannensional-sine, place vitamin and add brick, can reduce stress reaction during the journey, the feed of good palatability is provided simultaneously in time, castration, stomach invigorating, expelling parasite in time after feeder cattle regains one's strength; Day join grain and take the roughages such as green forage, dry corn stalk powder, silage corn, pomace and dreg fodder as main; In daily ration, the smart coarse fodder of ox is than being 3:7～2:8; Feeder cattle adapted to local growth after 60～80 days, should increase gradually concentrated feed, and fine fodder is with in small, broken bits; Coarse fodder is ensiling whole-plant corn, in adding procedure, wants progressive adding, and smart coarse fodder is than 6:4～7:3; Between fattening period, can take to feed intake or repeatedly feed intake for 3 times on the 1st, within 24 hours, freely drink water;

(6) fattening the later stage, change in time feeding method, increasing the content of ensiling, green forage, and increase some digestant feed addictives; Give beef cattle suitable motion simultaneously;

3, standardized management:

(1) sterilization of cowshed; Before not entering feeder cattle, cowshed will be with 2% sodium hydroxide solution thorough disinfection; Enter after ox, keep 2 sterilizations weekly; Raise doorway, community and set up sterilization pool, also can deposit the wet straw mat of thimerosal or sterilization;

(2) set up the disease ox chamber that quarantines; Once finding unsound feeder cattle, to isolate for treatment in time;

(3) feeder cattle newly entering is wanted Unified number, registration, registers, makes card, earmarking, carries out " one N of one card " tracing management, and standard special messenger makes an inspection tour cowshed, prevention epidemic situation;

(4) the beef cattle routine weighing of feeding; Calculate the price of deed; Cowshed room temperature is not less than 10 ℃, and the summer takes temperature and is no more than 30 ℃, relative moisture 60%～75%;

(5) deliver for sale in time; When reaching more than 600 kilograms, the beef cattle weight of raising to deliver for sale in time;

3.2.4 scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep fecaluria is produced biological organic fertilizer

Beef cattle sheep fecaluria, as raw material, is produced biological organic fertilizer;

3.2.4.1 biological organic fertilizer workshop building

Factory building specification: length * wide * height=30～100 * 30～100 * 3～4.8m; Factory building is steel frame construction, and ground is stone, cement, the fine sand mixed hardening face of thickness 20～30cm, and Land leveling is convenient to big machineryization running; Factory building is divided into pile fermentation district, turns over and throw fermentation zone, two or three fermentation zones, screening district, mechanical filling district, storage and detection chemical examination district, totally 7 districts;

3.2.4.2 fermentation zone management

Comprise pile fermentation district, turn over and throw fermentation zone and San Ge fermentation zone, two or three fermentation zones;

1, preparation

Ight soil raw material is prepared: cattle and sheep fecaluria, and water content is 65～75%;

Auxiliary material is prepared: auxiliary material has powder of straw, straw, rice bran, sawdust, cattle and sheep to eat the batchings such as residue vegetables after surplus feed, weeds, clean vegetables, and water content is not more than 12%; Be used for regulating moisture, air capacity of soils and C/N ratio, materials ratio: 1 ton of cattle and sheep fecaluria adds 50～100 kilograms of auxiliary materials;

2, preparation as golden bacterium dilution; Fill a prescription as follows: as golden bacterium stoste: the ratio of nutritional agents: water=2:2:16,20kg is as golden bacterium dilution in preparation; Compound method: first with a small amount of hot water, 2kg nutritional agents is dissolved, then add cold water and cool the temperature to 30～35 ℃, then pour into as golden bacterium stoste 1kg, fill up the water yield and stir evenly to 20kg;

3, prepare mixed diluting liquid; 20kg obtained in the previous step is poured in 100～150kg water as golden bacterium dilution, and water temperature must not be over 30 ℃;

4, by 1 ton of cattle and sheep fecaluria raw material and auxiliary materials and mixing, direct composting in ground or fermentation tank, groove, spray as golden bacterium mixed diluting liquid, stir, control water content 50～65%, reach hold agglomerating, loose one's grip can be loose effect, the fermentation product being stirred is stacked to fermentation, stack height 0.5～1m, width 1～5m, length are not limit; Ferment 24～～36 hours, temperature can reach 50～70 ℃, is up to more than 70 ℃, within 3～5 days, can reach deodorizing effect;

Attention:

(1) carry out 3～5 days aerobic fermentations, while reaching 40～50 ℃ to material temperature, stacking compacting, anaerobic fermentation is carried out in sealing;

(2) should, according to the humidity regulation amount of water of cattle and sheep fecaluria, when more dry, during preparation mixed diluting liquid, add water, otherwise water consumption reduce; While spraying mixed diluting liquid, also should note a minute sprinkling several times, prevent from once spraying excess moisture;

(3) sealing and fermenting; During anaerobic fermentation, if poorly sealed, easily enter air and cause high temperature, affect fertilizer quality;

5, pile fermentation reaches nuisanceless and national fertilizer standard after 15 days, can make base manure and use, as the fertilizer of growing seedlings can turn over throwing by turner, carries out two, three times and ferments;

6, fermentation time and temperature; Fermentation time spring and autumn 20～25 days, 15～20 days summers, 30～40 days winters; 25～35 ℃ of the environmental temperatures of fermentation; Photovoltaic green-house fermentation keeps 25～35 ℃ of environmental temperatures, and fermentation in 15～20 days is complete;

7, the standard of having fermented; The compost smell fermenting is: have bent fragrance and not smelly;

3.2.4.3 the final-period management of fermenting

Comprise screening district, mechanical filling district, storage and detection chemical examination district's management;

Sieve partition management: the compost that fermentation is completed sieves, removes the foreign material such as stone, plastics, cloth, adhesive tape, iron wire, unfermentable stalk, and unfermentable stalk is put back into stack retting district and continues fermentation;

Mechanical filling district management: the compost after screening is pulverized through cracker, powdery fertilizer, through mechanical filling, also can enter mixer, powder feeding machine, extruder, comminutor granulation fertilizer, packing;

Storage and detect the management of chemical examination district: the fertilizer after filling and packing detects through chemical examination, meets can selling of production standard;

4. photovoltaic generation is personal, and remaining electricity is incorporated to national grid;

Photovoltaic power generation equipment is mainly comprised of solar cell panel assembly, controller, accumulator, if remaining electricity will be powered for AC load, also needs to configure AC inverter; Remaining electricity is incorporated to national grid;

5. set up the cultivation of beef cattle sheep and can relate system, reach food security, health

Set up the safety in production of beef cattle sheep and can review system, comprise two approach: the one, follow the trail of from front to back, Ji Cong plant, buyer agent, add industry and commerce, forwarding agent to distributors, this method is mainly used in the reason of search quality problem, determines original producton location and the feature of product; Another kind is to review from back to front, and namely consumer has found safety problem the beef cattle sheep of point-of-sale purchasing, can review layer by layer forward, and final problem identificatioin place, this method problem of being mainly used in is recalled; These two kinds of approach all need encode and put on record, and the application of result of modern information technologies, to food security field, can be realized and reviews the efficient, quick and reliable of result; Concrete grammar is as follows:

5.1 paper record

The method of paper record is recorded in the overall process of the whole food supply chain of " cultivation is to dining table " on paper exactly, by the inquiry to raw information, can inquire easily the particular location of each cattle and sheep food and the position in cattle and sheep food supply chain; The turnover record of the cultivation record of enterprise, cultivation account, beef cattle sheep is exactly the form of record;

5.2 barcode technology

Bar code is exactly to utilize optoelectronic scanning arrangement for reading to distinguish and realize a kind of special code of data input calculator; The coding that each article is corresponding is unique;

5.3 REID

Radio frequency discrimination RFID is a kind of wireless communication technology, can identify specific objective and read and write related data by radio signals, and without setting up machinery between recognition system and specific objective or optics contacts;

5.4 EPC product electronic code and DNA techniques

The automatic recognition system of taking as the leading factor with EPC technology can make the variation of overall process generation essence of production, storage, transportation, purchase and the sale of product, thereby improve the performance of global supplier's chain; EAN.UCC system can be reviewed the application in system setting up food; DNA technique is divided into DNA collection, information storage, 3 processes of information comparison; Animal DNA indicates recognition technology, by specific equipment, extract the DNA sample of organism, a kind of emerging recognition technology using DNA sample as identifying object, has not reproducible uniqueness, stability and safety, is applied to food tracing system automatic identifying method.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect: the photovoltaic agricultural science and technology booth in the present invention not only can effectively utilize solar energy resources, output cleans green energy resources, can also realize efficient plantation, efficiently cultivation, by product processing fertilizer, produces a new path is provided for green agriculture.Photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse is owing to adopting pure frame high standard mounting system, photovoltaic module be placed in greenhouse above, can effectively utilize the space of green house, electricity consumption in green house, such as heating, ventilation, illumination, can solve by photovoltaic plant, be equivalent to form three-dimensional production on the soil of same homalographic.

Photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse of the present invention moulding magnificence very attractive in appearance, has sight-seeing agriculture characteristic, and the various crops of planting also meet organic farming standard, and sightseeing, organic generating income that adds, be the development of future technology agricultural.Meanwhile, agricultural and integrated photovoltaic power station, combine traditional farming plantation with photovoltaic generation, improve the comprehensive utilization ratio in photovoltaic generation project soil, realizes the highly effective stereo utilization of sunlight, land resources, reached two incomes of agricultural and generating.

The present invention has realized the organic synthesis of generating, plantation, cultivation and organic fertilizer production, traceable system, form oneself's circulation across industrial economy system, realized resource comprehensive, scientific utilization.

Thin-film solar cells energy absorbing wavelength scope, lower than the ultraviolet ray of 400nm, can effectively stop the destruction of ultraviolet light to plant, is conducive to avoid injuring plant and reduce damage by disease and insect, contributes to the raising of quality of agricultural product; Thin-film solar cells has very high light transmittance.Hull cell, when guaranteeing generating, has also met the demand of photosynthesis of plant to sunshine; Stop too much heat to enter booth, can suppress canopy temperature and excessively rise, in the time of in the winter time with night, also can avoid the loss of warm indoor heat, can effectively play the effect of winter and insulation at night,

The present invention is applicable to the raising of milch goat, milk cow, donkey, live pig, chicken equally.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is as golden bacterium fermentation cattle and sheep excrement process chart

In accompanying drawing: 1, inside and outside double-layer plastic film; 2, ventilative opening; 3, photovoltaic panel module; 4, body of wall.

Embodiment

The present invention is divided into four parts, and the one, build photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse.Anniversary is produced maize seedling or high-quality green grass or young crops is raised zea mexicana as beef cattle, mutton sheep green fodder; The 2nd, utilize the cultivation of photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse scale standardization beef cattle, mutton sheep and biological organic fertilizer; The 3rd, photovoltaic generation is personal, and remaining electricity is incorporated to national grid.The 4th, set up the cultivation of beef cattle sheep and can relate system, reach food security, health.

The photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep of growing seedlings, has realized the organic synthesis of generating, plantation, cultivation and organic fertilizer production, traceable system, form that oneself circulates across industrial economy system, realized resource comprehensive, scientific utilization.The present invention is applicable to the raising of milch goat, milk cow, donkey, live pig, chicken equally.

Embodiment

1. photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse is built

Photovoltaic green-house is built can supply with the required electric powers such as agricultural greenhouse intraoral illumination, and remaining electricity is grid-connected for other necessity; At photovoltaic green-house, build in net system, can allocate mutually with LED system, daytime generating ensures the growth of plant; Night, LED system can be applied daytime generating, to plant, supplied with illumination, extended time at sunshine, dwindled plant and produced the cycle.Solar photovoltaic generation system, photo-thermal system and novel nano Ecology conversion film technological synthesis grafting, to traditional green house, are reached to mysterious effect.

Conversion film technology can be according to different plant growths the demand to different wave length light absorption, to seeing through the sunshine of conversion film, carry out wavelength conversion so that crops more easily absorb, improved photosynthetic efficiency.

1.1 build addressing

Photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, for growing seedlings or planting vegetable, flowers, nursery stock, traditional Chinese medicine or other crops, does not change soil land used character, remaining electricity online, national encourage growth.During addressing, select physical features smooth, fertile soil, the content of organic matter is high, traffic convenience, remaining electric capacity is the place of online easily.

1, culture zone four is to scope: apart from village, river, reservoir, road, railway all more than 1000 meters;

2, the comparatively smooth or gradient of physical features, lower than the hilly country, gentle slope of 28 °, reduces investment in land and photovoltaic Installed capital cost.

3, environmental practice " three simultaneously ".According to < < Law of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China > > regulation, construction project pollution prevention facility must design with major project simultaneously, constructs simultaneously, put into operation simultaneously.

1.2 construction scheme

1.2.1 Scheme Choice

Photovoltaic generating system is divided into angle of solar battery system and grid-connected photovoltaic system.Independent photovoltaic power station comprises backwoodsman village electric power system, solar energy Home Power System, communication and signal power supply, cathodic protection, solar street light etc. various with accumulator can independent operating photovoltaic generating system.Thin-film photovoltaic solar electricity generation system with grow seedlings, seedling-wood breeding, vegetables or other crop booth combine, utilize solar cell as roofing or the roof system of various crops, nursery stock booth, belong to Novel photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse integrated optical photovoltaic generating system, effectively utilize agricultural greenhouse roof existing, in large scale, without taking new land resources, do not change soil land used character simultaneously.

1.2.2 building method

Photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse as shown in Figure 1, comprising: inside and outside double-layer plastic film 1; Ventilative opening 2; Photovoltaic panel module 3 and body of wall 4.

1, photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse specification.Photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse is east-west or allow photovoltaic panel all the time vertically towards the next direction of solar radiation.Specification is as follows: the area of 667m2 of take is benchmark, builds and land readjustment, suitably strengthens or dwindles construction area:

(1) southern side or low side height: 1.5～2.5m; Thickness of wall body 24～36cm brick mix structure or thickness of wall body 8～12cm laminated foam plate structure.Body of wall has 20～35 of the windows of specification 1～2 * 2～3m, each window interval 10～50cm or larger.Window is provided with 3 layers of flashing, wind proofing heat holding curtains.A plurality of ventilative openings 2 are set on canopy face.On photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, be provided with photovoltaic panel module 3.

(2) north side or high-end height: 4～6m; Thickness of wall body 24～36cm brick mix structure or thickness of wall body 8～12cm laminated foam plate structure.Body of wall has 20～35 of the windows of specification 1～2 * 2～3m, each window interval 10～50cm or larger.Window is provided with 3 layers of flashing, wind proofing heat holding curtains.

(3) north and south span or height end span degree: 9～10m;

(4) depth length 66.7～74m;

(5) effectively cultivation or cultured area 650～667m ².

2, photovoltaic panel module configuration.75w * 267pcs=20.025kw or 20.025～60kw.Screening rate 68～70%.

3, the personal method of generating.

(1) photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse plantation.With scattered light and LED etc., carry out light filling or guide planting with blue, the red fibre bundle of blueness, red LED lamp or selectivity.Ruddiness carries out photosynthesis for plant, the blue light guiding direction of growth.

(2) photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse cultivation.With scattered light and LED etc., carry out light filling.

(3) general lighting.With electricity-saving lamp or the illumination of LED lamp.Power 5～50W.

4, remaining electric online condition.Meet the grid-connected safety condition of < < photo-voltaic power generation station and value disciplines > > (trying) (in March, 2013) relevant requirements that State Electricity Regulatory Commission organizes to set up.

2 photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse plantations

2.1.1 plant and plant frame manufacture

With the square tube of 2～3 * 3～5cm or the pipe of diameter 2～5cm, be welded into the plantation frame of high by 1.5～2.5 * wide 0.8～1.0m * length 2～5m, the lattice hurdle frame that is partitioned into high by 0.2～0.3 * wide by 0.8～1.0 * long 0.5～0.8m specification in cultivating stand, lattice hurdle frame is placed dish for cultivating.

2.1.2 dish for cultivating manufacture

Dish for cultivating specification: high by 5～10 * wide 35～45m * length 0.4～0.7m.With enamel tray, substitute or stainless iron manufacture or plastics manufacture.

2.1.3 maize seedling cultivation

Maize planting kind of the present invention is local main cultispecies or high-quality green fodder zea mexicana or other cattle and sheep happiness food crop.

1, sowing is watered.Dish for cultivating cultivated maize seedling.

(1) dish for cultivating sterilization.Potassium permanganate 1～4% aqueous solution spray disinfection sterilization.

(2) dish for cultivating cultivated maize seedling.Maize seed or other planting are spilt in dish for cultivating uniformly, with hand, balance seed, form not one deck of extruding mutually.

(3) water.Watering is deep to seed 1/3～1/2 and surfaces, and keeps this degree of depth 2～3d, allows more than 95% seed sprouting.

Specified otherwise: zea mexicana can be used soil cultivation, the long-term harvesting of suitable once cultivation.

2, rich water quality management.

(1) temperature: indoor temperature remains on 15～36 ℃;

(2) humidity: indoor air humidity RH:60～85%;

(3) illumination: intensity of illumination: germination period is dark or slightly bright.During the long 1～2cm of bud, daylight 1000～50000Lux, 12hr, night slightly bright 50～200 Lux.Select LED ruddiness to promote Fast Growth, the LED blue light guiding direction of growth, ruddiness to promote photosynthesis, shorten growth cycle.Or select fibre bundle to guide ruddiness illumination, tachyauxesis.Prolonging light time on daytime 1～3hr shortens growth cycle.

（4）CO ₂。Indoor CO ₂concentration remains on: 10～1000ppm.Winter or low temperature need higher CO ₂concentration, CO in atmosphere ₂the increase of concentration, can strengthen the resistivity of crop to unfavorable factors such as low temperature, low light photograph, arid, the salinization of soil, air pollutions.Night higher concentration CO ₂can suppress to breathe, reduce nutrient consumption, improve the output of crops.

(5) moisture and mineral nutrition.Moisture adopts irrigate band drip irrigation or spray painting.Mineral nutrition dilutes 100～200 times of drip irrigations or sprays with natural pond liquid.Or apply fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer.Guarantee that product meets green, organic farm products standard.

2.2 gather

2.2.1 conventional corn seedling is gathered

Gathered picking time in 7～8 leaf phases in seedling stage.Dish for cultivating is brought out and neatly pours out maize seedling, and blank panel sterilization is standby.

zea mexicana is gathered

Zea mexicana cauline leaf is tender, delicate fragrance is good to eat, comprehensive nutrition, and livestock and poultry and fish are extremely liked food.All can gather in the arbitrary period when the high 20～150cm of stem.Cradle fresh cauline leaf chopping or livestock and poultry and the fish fed of pulling an oar, green grass or young crops is raised 50% left and right that Direct-fed amount accounts for feed intake; Grass poultry appetite is most probably full, and green grass dosage accounts for 1/3～1/2 of the amount of feeding.Green grass, can be standby for winter by its ensiling as tood many or too much for use.

2.2.3 other plant is gathered

Clover seedling, millet seedling are gathered when the high 20cm of stem is above.Other plant, the vegetables timely collecting as requested of gathering.

3.1 standardization cultivation greenhouses are built

According to above-mentioned " photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse specification: north and south span or height end span degree: 9～10m, depth length 66.7～74m, effectively cultivation or cultured area 650～667m2 ", build standardization cultivation greenhouse.

3.1.1 standardization cultivation greenhouse method of construction

1, build operation road.Width 2.5～2.6m, the long operation road that runs through whole facility plastic greenhouse are set in the middle of photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse.

2, build the gate at two ends.At photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse operation two ends, road, be respectively equipped with " high by 1.8～2.5 * wide 2.5～2.6m " gate.

3, build hopper.Both sides in photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse operation road are provided with the hopper of " wide by 40 * dark 10cm ", the two ends of the through photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse of hopper length.

4, build cultivation circle.

(1) build cultivation barnyard manure urine raceway groove.In cultivation, enclose the fecaluria raceway groove that below ground digs dark 20～25cm * wide 3.2～3.75m, grows to photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse two ends.Brick and hardening of cement for raceway groove.Raceway groove one side is installed automatic slurry scraper.

(2) build the face of enclosing the land that cultivates.Above fecaluria raceway groove, lay bamboo hedge, hedge gap is at 0.5～1.0cm, and the fecaluria of being convenient to sheep leaks to fecaluria raceway groove.Laying bamboo hedge wins maintenance and operates road in same plane.Beef cattle cultivation is removed this.

(3) build cultivation circle.At photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse hopper side, build cultivation circle.Specification is: wide 3.2～3.75m * length 3.2～3.75m, it is highly the relatively independent circle field of 0.8～1.5m that cultivation circle surrounding is connected into diameter 5～6 steel pipe weldings.Each cultivation circle circle field is provided with 1～2 Automatic water tap, and height is in 0.5m left and right.Cultivation circle is provided with the latch door that width is 0.8～1.0m, is convenient to cattle and sheep turnover or subfield.Cultivation circle is positioned at operation both sides, road, one of a side, and specification is identical.

3.1.2 build fecaluria sedimentation basin

One end outside photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, installs the opposite end of automatic slurry scraper and builds fecaluria sedimentation basin, and sedimentation basin is connected with fecaluria raceway groove.Sedimentation basin specification: length * wide * height=1～2 * 1～2 * 1～2m, 20cm above ground level, is provided with cement cover board above sedimentation basin, prevent the dirty mixed flow of rain.

3.1.3 build the dirty runner of rain

In the eaves surrounding of photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, be provided with metal concave and connect rain groove, connect rain groove low side and connect pvc pipe road or PE pipeline downstream, 3～5 cun of pipe diameters, the storm sewer on the straight-through ground of pipeline downstream, rainwater enters river course or land for growing field crops by storm sewer.

3.2 scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep

Cultivation circle specification is wide 3.2～3.75m * length 3.2～3.75m, and 8～15 of mutton sheeps are grown in each cultivation stable breeding, 5～8 of cultivation beef cattles.Each cultivation circle is placed with " adding brick " 1～2, adds brick and is divided into salt and adds brick, trace element and add that brick, mineral element add brick, vitamin adds brick, according to the difference of cattle and sheep, feeds and need to place in period, health status, epidemic prevention.

3.2.1 scale standardization cultivates mutton sheep method

3.2.1.1 breeding sheep raising method

1. nonpregnant phase.In the period that finger weans again breeding to ewe from lamb, be also convalescence, about 3 months.This period, the ewe emphasis of raising was the rejuvenation of fattening, body condition return to medium more than, in order to breeding.Medium body condition the first non-return rate can reach 80～85%, and what body condition was poor only reaches 65～75%.Strengthen the breed raising of previous first quarter moon of ewe, select fresh maize seedling or zea mexicana or silage fodder to feed as far as possible, extend the nursing time, the mixed concentrate that every sheep supplementary feeding every day is 0.2～0.3 kilogram, reach medium above trophic level, with promotion, oestrus, make to oestrus neat, improve conception rate and double lamb rate.

2. pregnant shaking the phase.Ewe pregnancy duration is 5 months, and first 3 months is first half period of gestation, and latter 2 months is latter half of gestation.

First half period of gestation fetus grows slower in parent, only accounts for birth heavy by 10～20%, and before ewe maintains breeding, body weight is just passable.This period selects fresh maize seedling or zea mexicana or silage fodder to feed, and is aided with a small amount of concentrated feed, needn't supplementary feeding.

Latter half of gestation fetus grows comparatively fast in parent, and approximately 80～90% fetal weight forms at latter half of gestation, needs to supply with better nutritivity, and as oligotrophy, lamb birth is heavy little, and survival rate is low, and ewe milking capacity declines.In ewe nutrition now, the nonpregnant phase of energy Ratios increases by 30～40%, and protein increases by 40～60%, and calcium phosphorus increases by 1～2 times, and vitamin increases by 2 times.Except normal feeding, answer 0.5～1 kilogram of supplementary feeding dried wild grass, 1 kilogram, ensilage or fresh maize seedling or zea mexicana feed, 0.5～1 kilogram of fine fodder.Its ratio of fine fodder is corn 52%, soya-bean cake 25%, bran 18%, salt, stone flour, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, premix each 1%, according to percentage by weight, calculate.

The management of gestation ewe: do not feed the feed of moldy metamorphism, do not drink freezing water, not crowded while coming in and going out house, just before giving birth front 1 week video surveillance management.

3. lactation.Be 2.5～3 months lactation.After lambing sheep, ewe should drink a little warm salines or in warm saline, add some wheat brans, to regulate digestive function, promotes the discharge of lochia.In 3 days postpartum, ewe can only feed some high-quality hays, do not feed fine fodder and succulence fresh feed, in order to avoid cause indigestion or mastitis, can feed after 3 days a small amount of mixed concentrate and succulence fresh feed, reach the scale of feeding of lactation gradually.

After lambing, lactation amount rises gradually.In the time of 4～6 weeks, peak, start to decline after 10 weeks, the nutrition of lamb in 20 days postpartum relies on breast milk to supply with completely.

Within after lambing first 1.5 months, be lactation early stage, ewe feeding standard: 1.5 kilograms of dried wild grass, 1 kilogram, ensilage or fresh maize seedling or zea mexicana feed, 0.5 kilogram, carrot, 1～1.5 kilogram of mixed concentrate.Mixed concentrate ratio is calculated according to percentage by weight: corn 52%, wheat bran 18%, soya-bean cake 25%, salt, sodium bicarbonate, stone flour, bone meal, premix each 1%.Within latter 1.5 months, be the lactation later stage, ewe feeding standard and lactation are same early stage, and every day, every fresh maize seedling of sheep feeding or zea mexicana were 1 kilogram.

3.2.1.2 lamb raising method

Lamb refers to the sheep in young age of from be born to weaning lactation.Generally, in the wean of 2～3 monthly ages, general body weight can be weaned above at 20 kilograms.

After lamb birth, a little less than physique, have a low resistance, adaptive capacity is poor, liable to illness.Doing lamb nursing well is the key that improves lamb survival rate.

1. early eat, eaten colostrum.The lamb latter 1.5 hours planted agents that are born have colostrum.Colostrum is rich in protein, magnesium and antibody.Magnesium has laxative action, promotes tire just to discharge rapidly, strengthens body immunity.After lamb birth, the walking of just standing about 10 minutes, finds nipple and sucks the breast.When weak lamb can not find ewe nipple, should manually embrace lamb induces it to eat breast under ewe nipple.

2. eat normal breast.After Birth in Lambs, in 20 days, suck the breast 1 time in interval for 1 hour, and after 20 days, interval is 4 hours 1 time.With the increase of age in days, sucking number of times reduces, and the time interval is elongated, and the duration of at every turn sucking the breast extends relatively.

To losing ewe or ewe without milk and the not enough lambs of milk, look for nurse sheep for it.Also practicable artificial benefit is newborn, and goat milk must be fed drink after 70 ℃ of sterilizings in 30 minutes, accomplishes timing, constant temperature, quantitative, and temperature is with 38～42 ℃.In 7 days postpartum, per hour feeding 1 time progressively changes lactation in 1 day 8 times into later, after 20 days, keeps feeding breast 1 time in every 4 hours.Birth lamb whole day milk feeding amount is generally equivalent to be born heavy by 1/5, and every 1 week, the amount of feeding in early stage increased by 1/4～1/3 later.

3. early opening tonic raises.Lamb, at raw latter 7～10 days, just should be trained and eat fresh maize seedling and material feeding.Employing is hung grass and is lured lamb to hold grass in the month, with frying the material feeding of fragrant induction lamb.From Birth in Lambs 15～20 days, should give lamb supplementary feeding mixed concentrate, best 50 grams of every lamb every days, later increasing gradually and constantly increase the supplementary feeding amount of mixed concentrate with lamb growth and required nutrient.Within every 5～7 days, dosage is 1 time, and when lamb age in days reaches 60 days, the mixed concentrate daily amount of supplementary feeding should reach 300～350 grams.Lamb is mended Concentrate formula and counts by weight percentage: corn 50%, bran 15%. soya-bean cakes 30%, salt, stone flour, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, premix each 1%.

4, the sheep newly entering or newborn lamb are wanted Unified number, registration, are registered, make card, earmarking, carry out " sheep one card " tracing management, and standard special messenger makes an inspection tour sheep hurdle, prevention epidemic situation.

3.2.1.3 be bred as sheep raising method

Being bred as sheep refers to from weaning to male and female children's 3～18 monthly ages of sheep age of first service.Ablactation, in the time of latter 3～4 months, is grown fast, and weightening finish intensity is large, high to raising conditional request.Feed every day and raise maize seedling or zea mexicana accounts for 1/3～1/2 of total forage volume.

1. be bred as the breeding technology in early stage.After lamb wean, Lamb Growth the most vigorous period just, but cud function imperfection also now, low to roughage utilization rate, daily ration be take fine fodder as main, and supply high-quality hay and the fresh maize seedling material of ensiling succulence, and every every day fed 0.2～0.3 kilogram by mixed concentrate.The formula rate of mixed concentrate counts by weight percentage: corn 50%, soya-bean cake 25%, rice bran 20%a, stone flour, salt, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, premix each 1%.

2. be bred as the breeding technology in later stage.Except normal feeding, every day, every supplementary feeding dried wild grass was 1 kilogram, 1 kilogram of ensilage, and 0.5 kilogram, carrot, 0.4～0.7 kilogram of mixed concentrate, the formula rate of mixed concentrate counts by weight percentage: corn 55%.Soya-bean cake 20%, bran 20%. salt, stone flour, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, premix each 1%.

Body weight is to check the index that is bred as sheep developmental state.Should be monthly check weighing regularly, to grasp the average daily gain of sheep finishing period, daily gain is with 150～200 grams.The body weight when 6～8 monthly age of eweing hogg reaches more than 40 kilograms, can be used for breeding.

3.2.2.1 scale standardization cultivates the adapted varieties of mutton sheep

The mutton sheep kind of sheep, cutter youth sheep, the cold sheep of little tail and applicable cluster stable breeding.

3.2.2.2 science raising method

1, feed selects with reasonably combined.Sheep feeding habits are more assorted, crude feed tolerance, and all kinds of green grass, crops straw, dish leaf, not plump shell etc. all can be used as sheep feed.Scale sheep raising family is tight because of labour, and hello the sheep of mowing is had any problem, and advocates and develops some agricultural byproducts offcuts, as soybean curb residue, dish cake, silkworm excrement, cavings, stalk etc. are fed sheep.

(1) application straw ammoniation sheep raising technology.By straw and a certain proportion of carbonic hydroammonium, with water, be placed under airtight environmental condition, through certain hour normal temperature, deposit, to improve the nutrient component of straw, improve palatability, improve feed intake and digestibility, reducing feed cost, is one of comparatively ideal supplement feed.

(2) commercial seed grass sheep raising technology.The various forage grasses of artificial planting are a kind of nutrient balance, good palatability, the high-quality green and rough feeds that yield per unit area is high.The high quality grass kind of some Various Seasonal, according to the feature of self, is selected in scale sheep raising family, utilizes food patch, fragmentary vacant lot plantation forage grass (as perennial ryegrass etc.).Utilize straw ammoniation technology as the feed of sheep.The maize seedling that the present invention produces or zea mexicana seedling are fed and are raised effective innovation that beef cattle sheep is exactly this technology.

(3) feed is reasonably combined.Will be according to the physiological property of sheep and nutritional need, foodstuff was arranged in pairs or groups and was fed every day, by essence, green grass or young crops, rough segmentation, did not did not throw something and feed, and drinking-water is constantly round the clock.

2, the feeding and management of science

(1) feeding and management of stud ram.To note nutrition at ordinary times, add sharp movement, make ram keep the better-than-average growth of livestock throughout the year, physically fit, energetic, the good kind body condition being highly sexed.Breeding season will be improved trophic level, adds and feeds fine fodder and the fresh corn feed of the dark green succulence of high-quality that protein content is high, and rationally control Breeding times, to improve breeding quality and to extend short ram service life.

(2) feeding and management of ewe

1. the raising at front and pregnant initial stage of breeding.In breeding first 1 month, breeding sheep is arranged, the poor individuality of body fat gives that suitable short-term is excellent raises, and adds and feeds some brans, silkworm excrement, not plump paddy, broken broad bean and mixed concentrate etc., improves ewe body condition.At the gestation initial stage, be the critical period of early embryonic development, should improve quality of the fodder, do not need to accelerate, and notes not feeding the feed that goes mouldy, and do not drink sewage and excessively cold water, avoids embryo's Deaths to cause miscarriage.

2. the raising of latter half of gestation.Because fetal weight increases rapidly, need nutritional amt greatly to increase.Therefore the trophic level of latter half of gestation ewe should increase work 50% than early stage, and feed request volume is little and nutrient is high, suitably reduces coarse fodder ratio, take high-quality hay as main, and mends and feed a small amount of fine fodder, as rich proteinaceous grain by-products such as wheat bran, beans.

3. the raising of lactation.Ewe lactation amount is large, and growing of lamb is fast, and premunition is strong, and survival rate is high.After ewe lambing 1 week, lamb was little, needed lactation amount also few, did not need to have additional nutrients.After 15～20 days, the value for feeding of lamb increases, and for making a large amount of lactations of ewe, should increase gradually the mixed feed of feeding comprehensive nutrition.In the lactation later stage, lamb desired nutritional major part is searched for food on one's own account, should suitably reduce the trophic level of ewe, reduces gradually succulence and fine fodder consumption in daily ration.

(3) raising of lamb

1. feed sufficient colostrum.Ewe colostrum is nutritious, and absorption easy to digest has again disease-resistant and promotes meconium to discharge, and lamb birth just should allow it have colostrum half an hour.

2. feed supplement ahead of time.For promoting cud to grow, the source that has additional nutrients, should open food ahead of time, training material feeding.After Birth in Lambs, two weeks just can lure and raise a small amount of high-quality hay, and 20 ages in days just can be eaten a small amount of fine fodder, and it is main after 1 month, turning to gradually the material that pastures.

3. note motion.Motion can improve a poor appetite, and builds up health, and promotes g and D.Sheep canopy door is complete can allow lamb free in and out.

4. wean in good time.Wean is determined by Lamb Growth situation and ewe milking capacity quality sooner or later.With about 2 monthly ages, 15 kilograms of ablactation of body weight are advisable.

(4) be bred as the raising of sheep.Children from wean to first service bleats and is bred as sheep.This class, the quickening of growing of sheep, physiological change is large, needs nutriment many, raises and should note:

1. weanling young sheep, feed is all converted to forage by breast milk, and digestive physiology changes greatly, and forage answers high-quality suitable nutritious, easy to digest.Along with the enhancing of monthly age increase, feed intake and digestion power, can increase gradually the amount of feeding of coarse fodder.

2. male and female is hived off.Be bred as sheep and be in sexual maturity and body maturation stage, male and female sheep has had the ability of mating breeding, and long-term same hurdle, can cause earlier mating, join excessively, and impact is grown.Preferably also subfield is foster for the sheep that body size differs greatly, and by the difference of nutritional requirement, rationally feeds.

(5) fattening

1. lamb fattening.Give full play to the fast feature of sheep early growth and development, after wean according to Individual Size, date of birth etc., after selected hiving off, contrast feeding standard, gives different nutrition levels, adds and feeds fine fodder and high-quality green hay, strengthen management, at raising to 5～6 monthly age, body weight, 30 kilograms of left and right, gets final product list marketing.Its advantage is that breeding cycle is short, growth is fast, the price of deed is high, and mutton quality is good, selling price is high.

2. old sheep is fattened.Thin and weak, old for physique, prepare to eliminate old sheep, carries out the short-term method of fattening, and in sale first about 2 months, improve, improve trophic level, supplementary feeding fine fodder, promote weightening finish.All thin sheep of buying should do once expelling parasite comprehensively before fattening, seek and suffer from will treating in time of the diseases such as rot of unguis, then according to each individual body condition hive off, subfield raises, and has additional nutrients.List marketing after fattening, can improve meat, improves meat value.

4. add sharp movement.Latter 5～7 days of lamb birth, can select the fine day that the winds blow gently and the sunshine is warm, allows at noon lamb move, and to build up health, increases appetite, promotes growth, minimizing disease.

5, the sheep newly entering or newborn lamb are wanted Unified number, registration, are registered, make card, earmarking, carry out " sheep one card " tracing management, and standard special messenger makes an inspection tour sheep hurdle, prevention epidemic situation.

3.2.3 scale standardization cultivates beef cattle method

1, feeder cattle is selected: the feeder cattle kind of producing high quality beef should select to improve with the China five large oxes such as Luxi Yellow cattle, Jin Nanniu, Qinchuan Cattle, Nanyang cattle, Yan Bianniu and external Quality beef inter breed crossing two, three way cross ox is best.Select physically fitly, four limbs and body length, the wide height of front body, hind leg hock joint are high, and Dermatochalasia is soft, and soft fine and close by hair, at 12～20 months ages, the healthy and strong bull of 300 kilograms of left and right of body weight is advisable.Feed every day and raise maize seedling or zea mexicana accounts for 1/3～1/2 of total forage volume.

2, standardized production: accomplish in standardized production process:

(1) unify roughage supply.Fatten feeder cattle roughage source and be mainly corn stalk, peanut seedling, melon seedling and high protein zea mexicana herbage.Wherein field corn price is low, output is high, comprehensive nutrition.Fatten 1 feeder cattle and need maize straw or 0.067～0.1 hectare of complete stool band fringe silage corn of 0.13～0.2 hectare.The field corn later stage can not be used hormone and agricultural chemicals, accomplishes corn kernel, stalk non agricultural chemical residuum.

(2) centralized purchasing.The concentrated feed centralized purchasings such as the corn of feeder cattle growth needs, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, cotton cake, and to the chemical examination of feed centralized detecting, guarantee non agricultural chemical residuum, nonhazardous material, without going rotten, pollution-free.

(3) unify feed formula.Take high-octane feed balance daily ration and intensity to fatten.To feeder cattle, raise the brand that centralized purchasing authorized by state is answered in the veterinary drug of buying, concentrated fine fodder, additive, beef cattle growth agent etc., forbid to use residual animal medicine, counterfeit and shoddy goods, guarantee that beef cattle is by nuisanceless feeding standard.

(4) unify technical training, technological guidance, sums up popularization in time to good experience and way.

(5) feeder cattle that produces Quality beef generally can be delivered for sale through concentrated the fattening of 120～180 days.Feeder cattle enters the cowshed after strict sterilization, in hurdle, to observe within 10～15 days, confirm anosis, without bad habit, can be incorporated to cows.To the feeder cattle newly entering, in clean drinking-water, add the anti-stress medicines such as multiannensional-sine; place vitamin and add brick; can reduce stress reaction during the journey, the feed of good palatability is provided simultaneously in time, castration, stomach invigorating, expelling parasite in time after feeder cattle regains one's strength.Day join grain and take the roughages such as green forage, dry corn stalk powder, silage corn, pomace and dreg fodder as main, can reduce the disease risk of feeder cattle, save fine fodder.In daily ration, the smart coarse fodder of ox is than being advisable with 3:7～2:8.Feeder cattle adapted to local growth after 60～80 days, should increase gradually concentrated feed, and fine fodder be take in small, broken bits as good, is conducive to ruminate and digest and assimilate.Coarse fodder for well, is wanted progressive adding with ensiling whole-plant corn in adding procedure, and notes observing in case illness such as feeder cattle has loose bowels, flatulence, acidosis, and smart coarse fodder is than being advisable with 6:4～7:3.For protecting only many material feedings of ox, how long meat can be taked to feed intake or repeatedly feed intake for 3 times on the 1st between fattening period, within 24 hours, freely drinks water.

(6) fattening the later stage, the fat of ox is stored between each position of health, and apocleisis phenomenon appears in beef cattle feeding, to change in time feeding method, increase the content of ensiling, green forage, and increase some digestant feed addictives, improve cattle feed remuneration.Give beef cattle suitable motion simultaneously.

3, standardized management:

(1) sterilization of cowshed.Before not entering feeder cattle, cowshed will be with 2% sodium hydroxide solution thorough disinfection.Enter after ox, keep 2 sterilizations weekly.Raise doorway, community and set up sterilization pool, also can deposit the wet straw mat of thimerosal or sterilization.

(2) set up the disease ox chamber that quarantines.Once the unsound feeder cattle of discovery, to isolate for treatment in time, during treatment, forbid to use forbidding veterinary drug.

(3) feeder cattle newly entering is wanted Unified number, registration, registers, makes card, earmarking, carries out " one N of one card " tracing management, and standard special messenger makes an inspection tour cowshed, prevention epidemic situation.

(4) the beef cattle routine weighing of feeding.Calculate the price of deed, guarantee feed without going mouldy, free from extraneous odour, inappropriate measure is improved in time.Cowshed room temperature is not less than 10 ℃, and the summer takes temperature and is no more than 30 ℃, and relative moisture is advisable with 60%～75%.

(5) deliver for sale in time.When the beef cattle weight of raising reaches more than 600 kilograms, will deliver for sale in time, prevent that the ox material feeding from not putting on flesh, remuneration is low, loses more than gain.To the empty hurdle in community, to mend hurdle in good time, can make full use of cowshed, increase operation rate.

Beef cattle sheep fecaluria, as raw material, is produced biological organic fertilizer.Reach the object of circulation cleaner production, zero-emission.

3.2.4.1 biological organic fertilizer workshop building

Factory building specification: length * wide * height=30～100 * 30～100 * 3～4.8m.Factory building is steel frame construction, and ground is stone, cement, the fine sand mixed hardening face of thickness 20～30cm, and Land leveling is convenient to big machineryization running.Factory building is divided into pile fermentation district, turns over and throw fermentation zone, two or three fermentation zones, screening district, mechanical filling district, storage and detection chemical examination district, totally 7 districts.

3.2.4.2 fermentation zone management

Comprise pile fermentation district, turn over and throw fermentation zone and San Ge fermentation zone, two or three fermentation zones.

1, preparation

Ight soil raw material is prepared: cattle and sheep fecaluria, water content is 65～75%.

Auxiliary material is prepared: auxiliary material has powder of straw, straw, rice bran, sawdust, cattle and sheep to eat the batchings such as residue vegetables after surplus feed, weeds, clean vegetables, and water content is not more than 12%.Be used for regulating moisture, air capacity of soils and C/N ratio, materials ratio: 1 ton of cattle and sheep fecaluria adds 50～100 kilograms of auxiliary materials.

2, preparation as golden bacterium dilution.Fill a prescription as follows: as golden bacterium stoste: the ratio of nutritional agents: water=2:2:16,20kg is as golden bacterium dilution in preparation.Compound method: first with a small amount of hot water, 2kg nutritional agents is dissolved, then add cold water and cool the temperature to 30～35 ℃, then pour into as golden bacterium stoste 1kg, fill up the water yield and stir evenly to 20kg.

As golden bacterium stoste and nutritional agents are produced and are provided by Kang Yuan oasis biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

3, prepare mixed diluting liquid.As golden bacterium dilution, pour 20kg obtained in the previous step in 100～150kg water (water consumption is determined according to the dry wet of cattle and sheep fecaluria, controls water content 40～50%), water temperature must not be over 30 ℃.

4, by 1 ton of cattle and sheep fecaluria raw material and auxiliary materials and mixing, direct composting in ground or fermentation tank (groove), spray as golden bacterium mixed diluting liquid, stir, control water content 50～65%, reach hold agglomerating, loose one's grip can be loose effect, the fermentation product being stirred is stacked to fermentation, stack height 0.5～1m, width 1～5m, length are not limit.Ferment 24～～36 hours, temperature can reach 50～70 ℃, is up to more than 70 ℃, within 3～5 days, can reach deodorizing effect.

Attention:

(1) carry out 3～5 days aerobic fermentations, while reaching 40～50 ℃ to material temperature, stacking compacting, anaerobic fermentation is carried out in sealing.

(2), should, according to the humidity regulation amount of water of cattle and sheep fecaluria, when more dry, during preparation mixed diluting liquid, add water, otherwise water consumption reduce; While spraying mixed diluting liquid, also should note a minute sprinkling several times, prevent from once spraying excess moisture.

(3) sealing and fermenting.During anaerobic fermentation, if poorly sealed, easily enter air and cause high temperature, affect fertilizer quality.

5, pile fermentation reaches nuisanceless and national fertilizer standard after 15 days, can make base manure and use, as the fertilizer of growing seedlings can turn over throwing by turner, carries out two, three times and ferments.

6, fermentation time and temperature.Fermentation time spring and autumn 20～25 days, 15～20 days summers, 30～40 days winters.25～35 ℃ of the optimal environmental temperatures of fermenting.Photovoltaic green-house fermentation keeps 25～35 ℃ of environmental temperatures, and fermentation in 15～20 days is complete.

7, the standard of having fermented.The compost smell fermenting is: have bent fragrance and not smelly.

3.2.4.3 the final-period management of fermenting

Comprise screening district, mechanical filling district, storage and detection chemical examination district's management.

Sieve partition management: the compost that fermentation is completed sieves, removes the foreign material such as stone, plastics, cloth, adhesive tape, iron wire, unfermentable stalk, and unfermentable stalk is put back into stack retting district and continues fermentation.

Mechanical filling district management: the compost after screening is pulverized through cracker, powdery fertilizer, through mechanical filling, also can enter mixer, powder feeding machine, extruder, comminutor granulation fertilizer, packing.

Storage and detect the management of chemical examination district: the fertilizer after filling and packing detects through chemical examination, meets can the selling of the production standards such as mensuration, NY 525-2002 organic manure, NY/T 798-2004 composite microbiological fertilizers of induced worm egg death rate in the mensuration, GB/T 19524.2-2004 fertilizer of excrement colibacillus group in the expression method of GB 8170-1987 numerical value rule for rounding offs, GB 18877-2002 organic-inorganic complex fertilizers, GB/T 1250-1989 limiting figure and decision method, GB/T 19524.1-2004 fertilizer.

Concrete technology flow process as shown in Figure 2.

4 photovoltaic generations are personal, and remaining electricity is incorporated to national grid

Photovoltaic power generation equipment is mainly comprised of solar cell panel assembly, controller, accumulator, if remaining electricity will be powered for AC load, also needs to configure AC inverter.Remaining electric online condition.Meet the grid-connected safety condition of < < photo-voltaic power generation station and value disciplines > > (trying) (in March, 2013) relevant requirements that State Electricity Regulatory Commission organizes to set up.

The 4.1 photovoltaic generations method of using by oneself

In conjunction with local conditions, national grid Chongqing company issues the grid-connected Service Management way of < < distributed power source > > a few days ago, formally releases the grid-connected service of distributed power source.Generated energy has three kinds of modes can supply customer selecting: all online, all personal or remaining electricity online of generating power for their own use, user is not enough, and electric weight is provided by electrical network.According to relevant regulations, this intermediate item is generated power for their own use electricity price also can be by 0.35 yuan/kilowatt hour standard acquisition public subsidies.(on 05 18th, 2013, source: People's Net-People's Daily)

4.1.1 household electricity

Photovoltaic daytime, generating was stored in accumulator, and night can be for indoor, road, plant's illumination use, also can be for TV, computer, the household electricity such as heat up water of cooking.

4.1.2 plant equipment electricity consumption

Photovoltaic generation is for agricultural machinery such as cracker, feed processing machinery, water pumps.

4.1.3 production facility electricity consumption

Photovoltaic generation is used for the production of booth maize seedling, and LED lamp or fibre bundle illumination cultivate the productive powers such as circle throws light on, benefit is warm, ventilation fan, the mechanical, electrical moving transport vehicle of automatic scraping excrement, disinfection apparatus, street lighting for beef cattle sheep.

The remaining electricity of 4.2 photovoltaic generations is incorporated to national grid method

4.2.1 meet the grid-connected safety condition of < < photo-voltaic power generation station and value disciplines > > (trying) (in March, 2013) relevant requirements that State Electricity Regulatory Commission organizes to set up.

4.2.2 distributed photovoltaic rate for incorporation into the power network can " alternative "

General Affairs Department of National Energy Board issues < < about further implementing distributed photovoltaic power generation relevant policies notice (exposure draft) > > (on June 30th, 2014).Rate for incorporation into the power network in exposure draft " alternative " policy is paid close attention to by industry most, so-called " alternative " just refers to that country is for the degree electricity subsidy policy of distributed photovoltaic with for the stake electrovalence policy in large-scale ground power station, and when building distributed photovoltaic project, proprietor can select wherein arbitrary electrovalence policy.

National grid related data shows, the grid-connected capacity of China's first half of the year in 2014 is 2.33GW, has larger gap with the annual objectives of the 14GW that the beginning of the year, Bureau of Energy seted the tone, and wherein the grid-connected amount of distributed photovoltaic is less than 0.5GW, and country beginning of the year fixed be 8GW.Above data are reflected in the particularly distributed photovoltaic policy planning disconnection relevant to country of photovoltaic policy, in this case, new distributed photovoltaic new policies are being fermented by National Energy Board at present, promoting that on the one hand photovoltaic industry develops in a healthy way, is also in order to ensure the enforcement of 2014 yearly correlation planning on the other hand.

4.2.3 distributed photovoltaic network access

" the photovoltaic generation project of utilizing the land resources such as waste land, deserted mountain barren hill, agricultural greenhouse, beach, fish pond, lake to build; 35 kilovolts and following electric pressure access electrical network (project capacity is no more than 20MW) and institute's generated energy and transformation platform district, site dissolve; can carry out local photovoltaic plant stake electrovalence policy, power grid enterprises provide efficient convenient access service with reference to distributed power source by ' green channel ' ".The enforcement of this measure will promote the distributed photovoltaic construction of the projects such as Chinese agriculture booth, cultivation, beach, because the scale of agricultural projects is approximately between roof photovoltaic and surface power station, investor is concerned about electricity price, power sale mostly, and scale problem (can utilize area large, the too little project yield that is unfavorable for of capacity).New policy has new breakthrough at aspects such as voltage access grade, power sale, electricity price and capacity, improves investor's enthusiasm.

5 set up the cultivation of beef cattle sheep can relate system, reaches food security, health

Can the system of reviewing be a kind of modern technologies system that can trace back to processing, transportation, cultivation overall process, by the essential information of input product, as traceability code, product batch number etc. just can inquire cultivation cargo handling operation, raw material transit link, the base processing link of product, all information of finished product transit link.By reviewing, the information realizing is from the bottom to top reviewed, and makes the cultivation of beef cattle sheep, the responsible party of each link of circulation can clearly define, thus more effective cultivation, the safety of processing, the reliability controlled, guarantee beef cattle sheep food security, effectively resist risk.

Set up the safety in production of beef cattle sheep and can review system, comprise two approach: the one, follow the trail of from front to back, Ji Cong plant, buyer agent, add industry and commerce, forwarding agent to distributors, this method is mainly used in the reason of search quality problem, determines original producton location and the feature of product; Another kind is to review from back to front, and namely consumer has found safety problem the beef cattle sheep of point-of-sale purchasing, can review layer by layer forward, and final problem identificatioin place, this method problem of being mainly used in is recalled.These two kinds of approach all need encode and put on record, and the application of result of modern information technologies, to food security field, can be realized and reviews the efficient, quick and reliable of result.Concrete grammar is as follows:

5.1 paper record

The method of paper record is recorded in the overall process of the whole food supply chain of " cultivation is to dining table " on paper exactly, by the inquiry to raw information, can inquire easily the particular location of each cattle and sheep food and the position in cattle and sheep food supply chain.The turnover record of the cultivation record of enterprise, cultivation account, beef cattle sheep etc. is exactly the form of record.

5.2 barcode technology

Bar code is exactly to utilize optoelectronic scanning arrangement for reading to distinguish and realize a kind of special code of data input calculator.The mark that it is comprised of one group of different, parallel adjacent bar of width, sky and corresponding character thereof, numeral, letter, in order to represent certain information, it is comprising the information such as country that commodity produce, production firm, production code member, corresponding with information such as name of product, price, lot number, the place of production, the date of production.Conventionally coding corresponding to each article is unique.

5.3 REID

RF identification (English: Radio Frequency IDentification, abbreviation: RFID) be a kind of wireless communication technology, can identify specific objective and read and write related data by radio signals, and without setting up machinery between recognition system and specific objective or optics contacts.Wireless signal is by the electromagnetic field of furnishing radio frequency, data is sent out from the label being attached to article, with automatic Identification and these article of tracking.The elect magnetic field that some label sends from identifier when identification just can obtain energy, does not need battery; Also there is label itself to have power supply, and can initiatively send radio wave (electromagnetic field of furnishing radio frequency).The information that label has comprised Electronic saving, can identify within several meters.Different from bar code, within RF tag does not need to be in identifier sight line, within can embedding tracked object yet.

5.4 EPC product electronic code and DNA techniques

The automatic recognition system of taking as the leading factor with EPC technology can make the variation of overall process generation essence of production, storage, transportation, purchase and the sale of product, thereby improve the performance of global supplier's chain.EAN.UCC system can be reviewed the application in system setting up food.DNA technique is divided into DNA collection, information storage, 3 processes of information comparison.Animal DNA indicates recognition technology, by specific equipment, to extract the DNA sample of organism, a kind of emerging recognition technology using DNA sample as identifying object, there is not reproducible uniqueness, stability and safety, and because of its significant technical advantage, be applied to food tracing system automatic identifying method.

At present, generally adopt in the world EAN.UCC system food to be carried out to the management of food security trackability.

Adopt EAN.UCC system to identify the management object of the supply chain links such as the growth of the raw material of food, processing, transportation, storage and retail, and interconnect, then these identified by bar code and manually can recognition mode show.Once find to threaten the sudden food safety affair of human health, can review by these signs, not only can follow the tracks of the downstream supply chain of product, recall rapidly Related product, can also review the upstream supply chain of product, find the original producton location of product, trace the reason having problems.There is problem in beef cattle sheep product, can trace back to beef cattle sheep birthplace, raise ground until individual ox, sheep.Can block like this these local sources of goods and come into the market, then effectively administer.The unified tag system in the EAN.UCC whole world is just as a tie, by the Info Link of the links of food supply chain together.

Claims

1. build photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse

1.1 build addressing

1.2 construction scheme

1.2.1 Scheme Choice

1.2.2 building method

(3) north and south span or height end span degree: 9～10m;

(4) depth length 66.7～74m;

(5) effectively cultivation or cultured area 650～667m ²;

3, the personal method of generating:

4, remaining electricity online;

2. photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse plantation

2.1.1 plant and plant frame manufacture

2.1.2 dish for cultivating manufacture

2.1.3 maize seedling cultivation

1, sowing is watered, dish for cultivating cultivated maize seedling;

2, rich water quality management;

(1) temperature: indoor temperature remains on 15～36 ℃;

(2) humidity: indoor air humidity RH:60～85%;

2.2 gather

2.2.3 other plant is gathered

3.1 standardization cultivation greenhouses are built

3.1.1 standardization cultivation greenhouse method of construction

4, build cultivation circle;

3.1.2 build fecaluria sedimentation basin

3.1.3 build the dirty runner of rain

3.2 scale standardization cultivation beef cattle sheep

3.2.1 scale standardization cultivates mutton sheep method

3.2.1.1 breeding sheep raising method

3.2.1.2 lamb raising method

2. eat normal breast;

3.2.1.3 be bred as sheep raising method

3.2.2.1 scale standardization cultivates the adapted varieties of mutton sheep

3.2.2.2 science raising method

(3) feed is reasonably combined;

2, the feeding and management of science

(1) feeding and management of stud ram;

(2) feeding and management of ewe

(3) raising of lamb

1. feed sufficient colostrum;

3. note motion;

(4) be bred as the raising of sheep;

2. male and female is hived off;

(5) fattening

2. old sheep is fattened;

3.2.3 scale standardization cultivates beef cattle method

2, standardized production:

(4) unify technical training, technological guidance;

3, standardized management:

3.2.4.1 biological organic fertilizer workshop building

3.2.4.2 fermentation zone management

1, preparation

Attention:

3.2.4.3 the final-period management of fermenting

4. photovoltaic generation is personal, and remaining electricity is incorporated to national grid

5.1 paper record

5.2 barcode technology

5.3 REID

5.4 EPC product electronic code and DNA techniques