CN104303742B - A kind of ripe multiple cropping method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi double cropping of rice three - Google Patents
A kind of ripe multiple cropping method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi double cropping of rice three Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title description 154
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ripe multiple cropping method of Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system Rhizoma Solani tuber osi double cropping of rice three, reasonably combined by spring sowing potato early rice Varieties In Late Rice, improve soil cultivation technology and the coverage mode of spring sowing potato cultivation, reach the ripe per mu yield grain 1500kg in rice field three.Spring sowing potato cultivates step：（1）From breeding；（2）Rotary tillage soil-working；（3）Use sufficient base manure；（4）Begin sowing in good time；（5）The careless overlay film of lid；（6）Field management；（7）Harvest in time.The emphasis of the present invention reasonably combined three season crop varieties, improve the soil cultivation of potato culture and coverage mode, potato culture ecological environmental condition can be improved.Application this method can not only promote Rhizoma Solani tuber osi to do sth. in advance maturation, the nervous contradiction of effectively solving Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system Rhizoma Solani tuber osi double cropping of rice three ripe multiple cropping crops for rotation linking, give full play to the volume increase potential of double-ridged horn, and improve horse bell quality, improve the nutritive value of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, also improve the economic benefit of peasant simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation is and in particular to a kind of Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system Rhizoma Solani tuber osi-bis- seasons
The comprehensive high-yield technique of the ripe multiple cropping per mu yield 1500kg grain of rice three.
Background technology
It is estimated that current south China has about 3.23 hundred million mu of winter slack cultivated area, account for the 46.6% of this region cultivated area.
Deduct due to various limiting factors outside unavailable arable land, currently available winter slack arable land is about 1.42 hundred million mu.Especially
It is double rice cropping system, rice field winter slack phase is up to 5-6 month.Winter paddy field has two kinds of forms, and one kind is plate field winter slack, and another kind is plate field
Winter steeps.If long-term winter slack and winter bubble, soil incobation and the aggravation of secondary incobation certainly will be led to, increase middle-and-low-yielding fields area, impact
The sustainable use in soil, directly results in rice field grain production capacity and declines；Meanwhile, rice field winter slack leads to multiple crop index to decline,
It is unfavorable for the raising of total grain output.This region winter slack phase Wen Guang, hydrothermal resources are extremely abundant, are suitable to develop Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, Brassica campestris L, purple
The winter crops such as Yun Ying produce.Plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi using rice field winter slack phase, carry out rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double
Season rice triple-cropping system, both can improve rice field grain production capacity, ensure national food security, further through carrying out rice field-upland field rotation, training
Fertile soil fertility, realizes arable land sustainable use, is the double effective measure obtaining of an one action.
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is a kind of grain and vegetable dual-purpose crop, is also a kind of health food.It is rich in carbohydrate so as to
Become good heat energy source；In block root tuber crops, (content under the conditions of weight in wet base is about its protein content highest
2.1%), preferably, amino acid pattern is mated quality with human wants very much；It is also rich in vitamin C.Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is as grain
Crop, its yield comes rice, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss, after Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae, becomes the fifth-largest cereal crops of China；As vegetable, alleviate
The not enough contradiction of s market supply.Therefore, Winter paddy field plantation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi both can Ensuring Food Safety, people can be improved again
Nutritional condition, meanwhile, also improve warm light resources utilization rate and land resource output capacity, increase peasant economy revenue source.
Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system have winter slack phase plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi fine tradition, but, great majority take turn over outdoor
The traditional cultivation method of cultivation, in recent years, small part takes No-tillage cultivation and straw covering to cultivate.It is ripe that both modes plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
Phase is slower, there is, with double cropping of rice, the contradiction that crops for rotation are connected nervous.Because Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is ripe late, have impact on rice Production season, agriculture
The people must from precocious early-paddy brown rice, precocious or in ripe Varieties In Late Rice, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and double cropping paddy rice are unable to balanced increase production, lead to produce
Amount is relatively low, economic benefit is low, has dampened the enthusiasm of peasant planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi-double cropping of rice, has caused double rice cropping system Winter paddy field area
Increasing, not only waste soil and warm light resources, and also affect national food security.Refer to improve rice field multiple cropping
Number, promotes spring sowing potato and three season of double cropping of rice balanced increase production, has carried out technological innovation to spring sowing potato double cropping of rice multiple cropping method,
By improving soil cultivation mode and covering methods, promote Rhizoma Solani tuber osi to do sth. in advance maturation, alleviate the crops for rotation rank of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and double cropping of rice
Connect contradiction, by ripe conventional Rice or Hybrid Rice Varieties in being changed to early rice precocity conventional rice variety, the kind optimizing double cropping of rice is ripe
Phase arranges in pairs or groups, realize three season crop balanced increase production it is proposed that a kind of Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system Rhizoma Solani tuber osi-ripe multiple cropping side of double cropping of rice three
Method, significantly improves economic benefit.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system Rhizoma Solani tuber osi-ripe multiple cropping method of double cropping of rice three.Should
Operation is simple for method, by reasonably combined spring sowing potato, early rice, late rice different maturation period kind, improves spring sowing potato cultivation
Methods of soil tillage, coverage mode, the nervous contradiction of spring sowing potato-double cropping of rice triple-cropping system crops for rotation linking can be solved, promote the spring
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and three season of double cropping of rice balanced increase production.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes technical scheme below：
A kind of ripe multiple cropping method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi-double cropping of rice three, specific as follows：
This method using Early cropping potato+in ripe early rice+in by the way of ripe late rice, the height that early, late rice is promoted mainly using locality
Produce cultivation technique.Following steps are taken in potato culture：
(1) select breeding：From precocity, and the preferable Potato Cultivars of yielding ability, quality, every mu of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi need to prepare excellent
125 150 kilograms of matter potato seed.It is cut into every piece of potato wedges with 23 eyes before sowing.
Described Potato Cultivars are：Dongnong303, eastern agriculture 304, Favorita, middle potato 3, new No. 3 of middle potato No. 5, gram,
Grams new No. 4, the Atlantic Ocean, Holland 7, Holland 15 etc..
(2) rotary tillage soil-working：With rotary cultivator by rice field rotary tillage 1 time, rotary tillage tilling depth degree 0.1-0.12 rice, trench digging divides railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment width
1.5-1.8 rice, furrow width 0.2-0.25 rice, 0.15 meter of ditch depth, hold successfully and enclose ditch and Yao Gou, enclose ditch, waist ditch depth 0.2-0.25 rice, wide
0.3 meter；With sharp draining.
(3) use sufficient base manure：Mu applies 1000-1500 kilogram of the farm manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or 200 kilograms of cake fertilizer, nutrient content 45%
Compound potassium sulfate fertilizer (N：P2O5：K2O=15: 15: 15) 50 kilograms.Chemical fertilizer will prevent chemical fertilizer and kind away from potato seed 4-6 cm
Potato directly contact causes the rotten kind of fertilizer damage.
(4) begin sowing in good time：December 20 to 10 days January next year is sowed.Every railway carriage or compartment 4 row, 0.3 meter of spacing in the rows, broadcast 4500 caves for every mu,
During sowing, potato seed is placed in cave, and covers 3 centimetres of become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure or fine earth.
(5) cover careless overlay film：Caulis et Folium Oryzae thickness is at 5-8 centimetre.Covered using strip, every railway carriage or compartment lid 2 row Caulis et Folium Oryzae, Caulis et Folium Oryzae direction and railway carriage or compartment
Face is vertical, and Caulis et Folium Oryzae root and afterbody connect, and covers and does not uniformly interspace, and keeps Caulis et Folium Oryzae loose, it is to avoid intermesh winding, in order to avoid
Impact is emerged.After covering Caulis et Folium Oryzae, then cover one layer of 0.015-0.02 millimeter white mulch film, then finishing railway carriage or compartment ditch, ditch depth is 0.15
Rice, by soil pressure in ditch on mulch film, to prevent wind from turning up the soil film, affects heat insulation effect.
Carry out field management in a conventional manner.
In the process described above, in Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system, field management method is specific as follows：
Field management：
Rupture of membranes draws Seedling.In Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system, after planting 35-40d, more than 80% Rhizoma Solani tuber osi emerges, and should exist in time
Seedling " drawing " is gone out face by place's rupture of membranes of emerging.Check whether there is simultaneously and phenomenon " is blocked " by Caulis et Folium Oryzae or big clod, if any must will be by
Careful " drawing " membrane of the Seedling of " card ".Neat after seedling should wipe out small and weak Seedling in time, and every selects 1～2 plant of the most strong reservation, with sharp high yield
With knot yampi.The little weeds after planting growing and rice stubble typically do not affect potato growth, if can be manually timely when weeds are excessive
Pull out, but herbicide can not be used.
Water management：
In Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system, after potato sowing, general soil moistens, and can meet potato growth to moisture
Require.As fine long no rain, to be poured water it is ensured that seedlings are uniform and strong by railway carriage or compartment ditch timely and appropriate discovery in time, but it is preferably shallow to pour water, and forbids overflowing
Fill, and it is dry to want timely draining to fall.After emerging, run into during severe drought it is necessary to timely water drenching or fill horse race water.Meet in growth period
During to heavy rain, timely ditch cleaning draining, with prevention against water-logging evil.To potato growth middle and late stage, slightly rotten water-retaining property strengthens, especially Caulis et Folium Oryzae
It is close to the Caulis et Folium Oryzae high humidity in soil face, easily causes disease, therefore runs into the rainy day, especially run into unbroken rainy weather, note
Meaning draining, reduce field humidity, make soil moisture content maintain maxmun field capacity 60-80% best.
Topdress：Go out postemergence application 7.5kg/ mu carbamide and carry Seedling, squaring period applies potassium sulfate 15kg/ mu.If Later growth is sent out
Existing leaf presenility phenomenon, then can use the carbamide that 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixes 0.5% to make solution root outer spraying 1～2 time.
Pest organism rat plague control：
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi main diseases and insect pests have cutworm, bacterial wilt, ring rot, balck shank, early late blight etc., in addition with Mus
Evil.Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi typically without weeding, pest and disease damage occur also relatively light, but the plague of rats occur heavier it should be noted that
Pre- rat preservative works with carrying out malicious Mus.Potato growth middle and late stage such as runs into the unbroken weather of spring rain, and disease is susceptible to, and should suit the medicine to the illness
Medication, prevents and treats in time, prohibits the use of pesticide in harvest time 15d.
Harvest in time：
Rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato, did sth. in advance than the non-tillage field rice straw mulching plantation spring sowing potato period of maturation
7 days about, typically in day in April 20-30, select fine day to harvest.
In schemes described above, Early cropping potato-in ripe early rice-in ripe late rice collocation preferred version be following three kinds
One of：
Favorita-in good early No. 17-Feng Yuan excellent 299,
The excellent 819- Feng Yuan in Favorita-land two is excellent 272,
The excellent 819- Feng Yuan excellent 299 in middle No. 3-land of potato two.
The present invention and the No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation ripe Field test of spring sowing potato double cropping of rice three in recent years promoted, have with
Lower advantage：
1st, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, early rice, three season of late rice crop balanced increase production are promoted
It is that this multiple cropping method promotes spring sowing potato to do sth. in advance maturation first, be that Rice Production has striven for season.The double rice cropping system winter
Planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is usually the sowing of the first tenday period of a month in late December to January, and from being seeded into the seedling growth stage, sleety weather is more, and temperature is relatively
Low.The careless film-covering planting spring sowing potato of lid can make full use of solar energy, and storage photo-thermal, in soil, avoids single lid Caulis et Folium Oryzae to absorb big again
Measure the drawbacks of moisture, reduction soil moisture.The careless plastic-film-covered cultivation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of lid cultivates 0-10cm soil temperature than No-tillage cultivation and straw covering
Improve 2.9-6.0 DEG C, may advantageously facilitate potato seed sprouting and root growth, accelerate plant nutrition organ growth, be conducive to doing sth. in advance into
Ripe.Meanwhile, cover careless overlay film and be avoided that the direct infringement to Rhizoma Solani tuber osi for the sleet.Rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato, than
In 7 days about ahead of time non-tillage field rice straw mulching plantation spring sowing potato period of maturation, effectively alleviate spring sowing potato, early rice, late rice
Produce season contradiction, be conducive to three season crop balanced increase production.
Next to that reasonable link crops for rotation, increase the yield per unit area.Due to this crops for rotation rank in three season of multiple cropping method
Engage reason, add the soil cultivation technology and coverage mode changing spring sowing potato cultivation, plant spring horse than No-tillage cultivation and straw covering
Bell potato double cropping of rice triple-cropping system yield significantly improves, and strengthens the output capacity of rice field unit area.As it can be seen from table 1 rotary tillage
The careless ripe grain of film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice three of lid is 1442.5 1585.8kg/ mus, average out to 1515.0kg/ mu,
The ripe 223.1 269.8kg/ mus that produce more food than No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation spring sowing potato double cropping of rice three, average volume increase
242.1kg/ mu, rate of growth is 19.0%, and yield increase effect is notable.
Proved by reality, in Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi can not only be promoted to do sth. in advance maturation using this technology, and
And Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and double cropping of rice yield can be improved it is ensured that three season crop balanced increase production, improve unit area grain production capacity.
2nd, improve Potato Quality
Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato, adds a cover thin film on the basis of lid Caulis et Folium Oryzae, improves Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
Growing environment, reduces Rhizoma Solani tuber osi moisture, improves nutrition content, improves the quality of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.During results, survey
Determine fresh sweet potato dry matter content, gross protein value, content of starch and the Vitamin C content of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, tied according to 3 contrast tests
Fruit statistics (table 2), the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi fresh sweet potato dry of rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice multiple cropping method, crude protein
Matter, starch, Vitamin C content average out to 20.4%, 1.88%, 12.8%, 13.8mg/100g fresh sweet potato, compare No-tillage cultivation and straw covering
The Rhizoma Solani tuber osi fresh sweet potato dry of plantation spring sowing potato double cropping of rice Cropping Patterns, thick protein, starch, Vitamin C content are average
Increase by 2.2 percentage points, 0.1 percentage point, 0.5 percentage point and 1.0mg/100g fresh sweet potato.
3rd, increased farmers' income
Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice multiple cropping method improves crop yield, thus increasing peasant's
Income.As known from Table 3, rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting three season of the spring sowing potato double cropping of rice crop gross output value is 6033.8--7481.3
Unit/mu, average out to 6648.1 yuan/mu, totle drilling cost is 3317--3415 unit/mu, average out to 3355.7 yuan/mu, and gross profit is
2716.8--4066.3 unit/mu, average out to 3292.5 yuan/mu, compared with No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation spring sowing potato double cropping of rice,
The gross output value averagely increases by 1102.5 yuan/mu, increases by 2%；Totle drilling cost averagely increases by 98.7 yuan/mu, increases by 3%；Gross profit is average
Increase by 1003.8 yuan/mu, increase by 44%；Remarkable in economical benefits.
4th, soil fertility, culture fertility are changed
Original Soil tillage or no-tillage are changed to rotary tillage, both having avoided turns over causes " hole " in soil layer,
It is unfavorable for that fertile phenomenon is inhaled in Rhizoma Solani tuber osi water suction, turn avoid the no-tillage soil compaction causing, coordinated the soil water, gas contradiction.?
Potato growth middle and late stage, Caulis et Folium Oryzae decomposition plays, to Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, the effect of topdressing, and is conducive to improving yield.Additionally, rice straw mulching energy
Increase the soil organism, increase soil fertility, have obvious production-increasing function to rear stubble Oryza sativa L..
Specific embodiment
It is intended to further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with example, and the unrestricted present invention.Technical scheme of the present invention, such as
Not specified, it is this area conventional scheme.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment is the test carrying out in Gan Shan village of Gan Shan township of ChangSha, Hunan Province county
Double cropping of rice variety matching；
Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, early rice good early No. 17 in selecting, sow, April 28 by March 31
Day transplants, and July 16 gathered in, and per mu yield is 485.8kg；Late rice selects Feng Yuan excellent 299, and June 19 was sowed, and July 18 transplanted,
October 15 gathered in, and per mu yield is 618.3kg；Double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is 1104.1kg.
No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plants spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, and early rice selects Hunan morning Xian 6, and April 6 was sowed, May 5
Transplant, July 17 gathered in, per mu yield is 410.5kg；Late rice selects Yue You 9113, and June 20 was sowed, and July 19 transplanted, and 10
The moon 12 harvesting, per mu yield is 505.5kg；Double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is 916.0kg.
Spring sowing potato cultivation operating procedure is as follows：
(1) choose seeds：From early-maturing variety Favorita.
(2) rotary tillage soil-working：With rotary cultivator by rice field rotary tillage 1 time, 0.12 meter of rotary tillage depth；Rough trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment is wide by 1.8
Rice, 0.2 meter of furrow width, deep 0.15 meter；Surrounding is opened and is enclosed ditch, and Tanaka opens waist ditch, encloses ditch and 0.3 meter of waist furrow width, deep 0.25 meter.
(3) use sufficient base manure：Mu applies 1500 kilograms of the pig manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer (N：P2O5：K2O=15:
15: 15) 50 kilograms；Chemical fertilizer will be away from 5 centimetres of potato seed, in case chemical fertilizer and potato seed directly contact cause rotten kind.
(4) begin sowing in good time：December 29 was sowed.Every railway carriage or compartment 4 row, 0.4 meter of spacing in the rows, broadcast 4500 caves for every mu, by potato seed during sowing
It is placed in cave, and cover 3 centimetres of the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
(5) cover careless overlay film：Due to taking rotary tillage lid grass plastic-film-covered cultivation, the thickness of mulching straw can compare No-tillage cultivation and straw covering
The thickness of cultivation is slightly thin.This test mulching straw thickness is 8 centimetres.Using strip covering, every railway carriage or compartment lid row Caulis et Folium Oryzae, direction and railway carriage or compartment face
Vertically, root and afterbody connect, and cover and uniformly do not interspace, and keep Caulis et Folium Oryzae loose, and avoid the winding that intermeshes, in order to avoid impact
Emerge.After covering Caulis et Folium Oryzae, then cover one layer of mulch film, then finishing railway carriage or compartment ditch, ditch depth is 0.15 meter, by soil pressure in ditch on mulch film,
To prevent wind from turning up the soil film, affect heat insulation effect.
(6) field management
Rupture of membranes draws Seedling.After planting 35d, 87% Rhizoma Solani tuber osi emerges, and in place's rupture of membranes of emerging, Seedling " drawing " is gone out face in time, with
When check whether there is phenomenon " blocked " by Caulis et Folium Oryzae or big clod.Neat after seedling wipes out small and weak Seedling in time, and every selects the most strong 1～2 plant
Retain, with sharp high yield and knot yampi.March 12 artificial weeding 1 time.
Water management.After planting, ground moistening, can meet the requirement to moisture for the potato growth, be not required to irrigate, the soil water
Divide the 60-80% maintaining maxmun field capacity.March 5 ditch cleaning 1 time, with prevention against water-logging evil.
Topdress.Neat postemergence application 7.5kg/ mu carbamide carries Seedling, and squaring period applies potassium sulfate 15kg/ mu.
Pest organism rat plague control.Plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi in paddy fields in south china, mainly prevent late blight, wettable with 70% Mancozeb
Property powder, 175～225 grams of every mu of each dosage, it is watered 800 times and spray.
(7) harvest in time.Under this experimental condition, rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi April 26 Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maturation,
Non-tillage field rice straw mulching plantation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi May 4 is ripe, and rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is than non-tillage field Caulis et Folium Oryzae
Mulching plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi does sth. in advance 8d.
Result of the test：Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, 1692 kgs/acre of fresh tuber yield, roll over raw grain
For 338.4 kgs/acre, add double cropping of rice 1104.1kg/ mu, the ripe per mu yield grain in rice field three reaches 1442.5kg/ mu.No-tillage Caulis et Folium Oryzae covers
Lid plantation spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, 1465 kgs/acre of fresh tuber yield, folding raw grain is 293.0 kgs/acre, double cropping of rice
916.0kg/ mu, the ripe per mu yield grain in rice field three is 1209.0kg/ mu.Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, with
No-tillage cultivation and straw covering is compared by plantation spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, three 233.5 kgs/acre of season crop grain yield increases, rate of growth
For 19.3%.
Embodiment 2：
The test that the present invention is carried out in Hunan Province Nan County Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum Hu Zhen Taihe county village
Double cropping of rice variety matching：
Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato-double cropping of rice, early rice selects land two excellent 819, and March 30 was sowed, April 28
Transplant, July 13 gathered in, per mu yield is 512.5kg；Late rice selects Feng Yuan excellent 272, and June 18 was sowed, and July 15 transplanted, and 10
The moon 18 harvesting, per mu yield is 637.2kg；Double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is 1149.7kg.
No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plants spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, and early rice selects Hunan morning Xian 24, and April 5 was sowed, May 4
Transplant, July 19 gathered in, per mu yield is 422.7kg；Late rice selects Yue You 360, and June 21 was sowed, and July 21 transplanted, October
Harvesting on the 18th, per mu yield is 548.5kg；Double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is 971.2kg.
Spring sowing potato cultivation operating procedure is as follows：
(1) choose seeds：From early-maturing variety Favorita.
(2) rotary tillage soil-working：With rotary cultivator by rice field rotary tillage 1 time, 0.12 meter of rotary tillage depth；Rough trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment is wide by 1.8
Rice, 0.2 meter of furrow width, deep 0.15 meter；Surrounding is opened and is enclosed ditch, and Tanaka opens waist ditch, encloses ditch and 0.3 meter of waist furrow width, deep 0.25 meter.
(3) use sufficient base manure：Mu applies 1200 kilograms of the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer (N of nutrient content 45%：P2O5：K2O
=15: 15: 15) 50 kilograms.Chemical fertilizer will be away from potato seed 5 cm, in case chemical fertilizer and potato seed directly contact cause rotten kind.
(4) begin sowing in good time：December 24 was sowed.Every railway carriage or compartment 4 row, 0.4 meter of spacing in the rows, broadcast 4500 caves for every mu, by potato seed during sowing
It is placed in cave, and cover 3 centimetres of the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
(5) cover careless overlay film：Due to taking rotary tillage lid grass plastic-film-covered cultivation, the thickness of mulching straw can compare No-tillage cultivation and straw covering
The thickness of cultivation is slightly thin.This test mulching straw thickness is 6 centimetres.Using strip covering, every railway carriage or compartment lid row Caulis et Folium Oryzae, direction and railway carriage or compartment face
Vertically, root and afterbody connect, and cover and uniformly do not interspace, and keep Caulis et Folium Oryzae loose, and avoid the winding that intermeshes, in order to avoid impact
Emerge.After covering Caulis et Folium Oryzae, then cover one layer of mulch film, then finishing railway carriage or compartment ditch, ditch depth is 0.15 meter, by soil pressure in ditch on mulch film,
To prevent wind from turning up the soil film, affect heat insulation effect.
(6) field management
Rupture of membranes draws Seedling.After planting 38d, 92% Rhizoma Solani tuber osi emerges, and in place's rupture of membranes of emerging, Seedling " drawing " is gone out face in time, with
When check whether there is phenomenon " blocked " by Caulis et Folium Oryzae or big clod.Neat after seedling wipes out small and weak Seedling in time, and every selects the most strong 1～2 plant
Retain, with sharp high yield and knot yampi.March 15 artificial weeding 1 time.
Water management.After planting, ground moistening, can meet the requirement to moisture for the potato growth, be not required to irrigate, the soil water
Divide the 65-90% maintaining maxmun field capacity.March 7 ditch cleaning 1 time, with prevention against water-logging evil.
Topdress.Neat postemergence application 7.5kg/ mu carbamide carries Seedling, and squaring period applies potassium sulfate 15kg/ mu.
Pest organism rat plague control.Plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi in paddy fields in south china, mainly prevent late blight, wettable with 70% Mancozeb
Property powder, 175～225 grams of every mu of each dosage, it is watered 800 times and spray.
(7) harvest in time.Under this experimental condition, rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi April 26 Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maturation,
Non-tillage field rice straw mulching plantation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi May 2 is ripe, and rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is than non-tillage field Caulis et Folium Oryzae
Mulching plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi does sth. in advance 7d.
Result of the test：Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, 1835 kgs/acre of fresh tuber yield, roll over raw grain
367 kgs/acre, double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is 1149.7kg/ mu, and the ripe yield in rice field three reaches 1516.7kg/ mu.No-tillage cultivation and straw covering kind
Plant spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, 1612 kgs/acre of fresh tuber yield, roll over 322.4 kgs/acre of raw grain, double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is
971.2kg/ mu, the ripe yield in rice field three reaches 1293.6kg/ mu.Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, and no-tillage
Rice straw mulching is compared by plantation spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, three 223.1 kgs/acre of season crop grain yield increases, and rate of growth is
17.2%.
Embodiment 3：
The test that the present invention is carried out in Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Inst.
Double cropping of rice variety matching；
Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, early rice selects land two excellent 819, and March 27 was sowed, April 25
Day transplants, and July 14 gathered in, and per mu yield is 511.4kg；Late rice selects Feng Yuan excellent 299, and June 18 was sowed, and July 16 transplanted,
October 15 gathered in, and per mu yield is 590.8kg；Double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is 1102.2kg.
No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plants spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, and early rice selects Hunan morning Xian 24, and April 5 was sowed, May 2
Transplant, July 18 gathered in, per mu yield is 435.5kg；Late rice selects Feng Yuan excellent 299, and June 22 was sowed, and July 20 transplanted, and 10
The moon 16 harvesting, per mu yield is 512.7kg；Double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is 948.2kg.
Spring sowing potato cultivation operating procedure is as follows：
(1) choose seeds：From potato in early-maturing variety 3.
(2) rotary tillage soil-working：With rotary cultivator by rice field rotary tillage 1 time, 0.12 meter of rotary tillage depth；Rough trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment is wide by 1.8
Rice, 0.2 meter of furrow width, deep 0.15 meter；Surrounding is opened and is enclosed ditch, and Tanaka opens waist ditch, encloses ditch and 0.3 meter of waist furrow width, deep 0.25 meter.
(3) use sufficient base manure：Mu applies 200 kilograms of rapeseed cake fertilizer, the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer (N of nutrient content 45%：P2O5：K2O
=15: 15: 15) 50 kilograms；Chemical fertilizer will be away from potato seed 5 cm, in case chemical fertilizer and potato seed directly contact cause rotten kind.
(4) begin sowing in good time：December 28 was sowed.Every railway carriage or compartment 4 row, 0.4 meter of spacing in the rows, broadcast 4500 caves for every mu, by potato seed during sowing
It is placed in cave, and cover 3 centimetres of the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
(5) cover careless overlay film：Due to taking rotary tillage lid grass plastic-film-covered cultivation, the thickness of mulching straw can compare No-tillage cultivation and straw covering
The thickness of cultivation is slightly thin.This test mulching straw thickness is 5 centimetres.Using strip covering, every railway carriage or compartment lid row Caulis et Folium Oryzae, direction and railway carriage or compartment face
Vertically, root and afterbody connect, and cover and uniformly do not interspace, and keep Caulis et Folium Oryzae loose, and avoid the winding that intermeshes, in order to avoid impact
Emerge.After covering Caulis et Folium Oryzae, then cover one layer of mulch film, then finishing railway carriage or compartment ditch, ditch depth is 0.15 meter, by soil pressure in ditch on mulch film,
To prevent wind from turning up the soil film, affect heat insulation effect.
(6) field management
Rupture of membranes draws Seedling.After planting 39d, 88% Rhizoma Solani tuber osi emerges, and in place's rupture of membranes of emerging, Seedling " drawing " is gone out face in time, with
When check whether there is phenomenon " blocked " by Caulis et Folium Oryzae or big clod.Neat after seedling wipes out small and weak Seedling in time, and every selects the most strong 1～2 plant
Retain, with sharp high yield and knot yampi.March 10 artificial weeding 1 time.
Water management.After planting, ground moistening, can meet the requirement to moisture for the potato growth, be not required to irrigate, the soil water
Divide the 65-85% maintaining maxmun field capacity.March 10 ditch cleaning 1 time, with prevention against water-logging evil.
Topdress.Neat postemergence application 7.5kg/ mu carbamide carries Seedling, and squaring period applies potassium sulfate 15kg/ mu.
Pest organism rat plague control.Plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi in paddy fields in south china, mainly prevent late blight, available 70% Mancozeb can
WP, 175～225 grams of every mu of each dosage, it is watered 800 times and spray.
(7) harvest in time.Under this experimental condition, rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi April 23 Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maturation,
Non-tillage field rice straw mulching plantation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi April 30 is ripe, and rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is than non-tillage field rice
Careless mulching plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi does sth. in advance 7d.
Result of the test：Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, 2418 kgs/acre of fresh tuber yield, roll over raw grain
483.6 kgs/acre, add that double cropping of rice yield double cropping paddy rice per mu yield is 1102.2kg/ mu, the ripe yield in rice field three reaches 1585.8kg/
Mu.No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plants spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, 1839 kgs/acre of fresh tuber yield, rolls over 367.8 kgs/acre of raw grain, double
Season 948.2 kgs/acre of rice yield, the ripe yield in rice field three reaches 1316.0kg/ mu.Rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double season
Rice, compared with No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation spring sowing potato double cropping of rice, three 269.8 kgs/acre of season crop grain yield increases, increase
Yield is 20.5%.
The three ground rotary tillage lid grass ripe grain yield average out to 1515.0kg/ mus of film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice three, than
No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plants the average 1272.9kg/ mu of the ripe grain yield of spring sowing potato double cropping of rice three, averagely produces more food
242.1kg/ mu, average rate of growth reaches 19.0%.
Embodiment 4：
Results contrast is planted in embodiment 1-3：
Table 1 rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice double seasons with No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation spring sowing potato
Rice effect of increasing production compares (kg/ mu)
Note：Spring sowing potato is pressed 5kg fresh sweet potato folding 1kg raw grain and is calculated.
Table 2 rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice double seasons with No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation spring sowing potato
Rice Cropping Patterns potato quality compares
Table 3 rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato double cropping of rice double seasons with No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation spring sowing potato
Rice Cropping Patterns economic benefits comparison kg/ mu, unit/mu
Note：Rhizoma Solani tuber osi presses 2 yuan/kg of fresh sweet potato, and Oryza glutinosa calculates the output value by 2.4 yuan/kg.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system Rhizoma Solani tuber osi-ripe multiple cropping method of double cropping of rice three, specific as follows：
This method using Early cropping potato+in ripe early rice+in by the way of ripe late rice, early, late rice is planted using the high yield that locality is promoted mainly
Training technology, following steps are taken in potato culture：
(1) select breeding：From precocity, and the preferable Potato Cultivars of yielding ability, quality, every mu of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi need to prepare high-quality kind
125 150 kilograms of potato, is cut into every piece of potato wedges with 23 eyes before sowing；
(2) rotary tillage soil-working：With rotary cultivator by rice field rotary tillage 1 time, rotary tillage depth 0.1-0.12 rice, trench digging divides railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment width 1.5-
1.8 meters, furrow width 0.2-0.25 rice, 0.15 meter of ditch depth, hold successfully and enclose ditch and Yao Gou, enclose ditch, waist ditch depth 0.2-0.25 rice, wide by 0.3
Rice；With sharp draining；
(3) use sufficient base manure：Mu applies 1000-1500 kilogram of the farm manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or 200 kilograms of cake fertilizer, the sulphuric acid of nutrient content 45%
50 kilograms of K composite fertilizer；Away from 4-6 centimetre of potato seed, chemical fertilizer will prevent that chemical fertilizer and potato seed directly contact cause the rotten kind of fertilizer damage；
(4) begin sowing in good time：December 20 to 10 days January next year is sowed；Every railway carriage or compartment 4 row, 0.3 meter of spacing in the rows, broadcast 4500 caves for every mu, sowing
When potato seed is placed in cave, and cover 3 centimetres of become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure or fine earth；
(5) cover careless overlay film：Caulis et Folium Oryzae thickness is at 5-8 centimetre；Covered using strip, every railway carriage or compartment lid 2 row Caulis et Folium Oryzae, hung down with railway carriage or compartment face in Caulis et Folium Oryzae direction
Directly, Caulis et Folium Oryzae root and afterbody connect, and cover and uniformly do not interspace, and keep Caulis et Folium Oryzae loose, it is to avoid intermesh winding, in order to avoid impact
Emerge；After covering Caulis et Folium Oryzae, then cover one layer of 0.015-0.02 millimeter white mulch film, then finishing railway carriage or compartment ditch, ditch depth is 0.15 meter, will
In ditch, soil pressure is on mulch film, to prevent wind from turning up the soil film, affects heat insulation effect；
Carry out field management in a conventional manner, harvest in time.
2. method according to claim 1, in Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system, described field management is specific as follows：
Field management：
1. rupture of membranes draws Seedling：
In Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system, after planting 35-40d, more than 80% Rhizoma Solani tuber osi emerges, should be in time in place's rupture of membranes of emerging, will
Seedling " drawing " goes out face；Check whether there is simultaneously and phenomenon " is blocked " by Caulis et Folium Oryzae or big clod, careful if any the Seedling that must " be blocked "
" drawing " membrane；Neat after seedling should wipe out small and weak Seedling in time, and every selects 1～2 plant of the most strong reservation, with sharp high yield and knot yampi；Broadcast
After kind, the little weeds growing and rice stubble do not affect potato growth, if manually pulling out in time when weeds are excessive, but can not use and remove
Careless agent；
2. water management：
In Yangtze middle reaches double rice cropping system, after potato sowing, ground moistening, the requirement to moisture for the potato growth can be met；As
Meet fine long no rain, to pour water it is ensured that seedlings are uniform and strong by railway carriage or compartment ditch timely and appropriate discovery in time, but it is preferably shallow to pour water, and forbids flood irrigation, and want and
When draining fall dry；After emerging, run into during severe drought it is necessary to timely water drenching or fill horse race water；When growth period runs into heavy rain,
Want timely ditch cleaning draining, with prevention against water-logging evil；To potato growth middle and late stage, slightly rotten water-retaining property strengthens Caulis et Folium Oryzae, especially close to
The Caulis et Folium Oryzae high humidity in native face, easily causes disease, therefore runs into unbroken rainy weather it should be noted that draining, reduces field humidity, make
Soil moisture content maintains the 60-80% of maxmun field capacity；
3. topdress：Go out postemergence application 7.5kg/ mu carbamide and carry Seedling, squaring period applies potassium sulfate 15kg/ mu；If Later growth finds
Leaf presenility phenomenon, then make solution root outer spraying 1～2 time with the carbamide that 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixes 0.5%；
4. Pest organism rat plague control：
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi main diseases and insect pests have cutworm, bacterial wilt, ring rot, balck shank, early late blight, in addition with the plague of rats；Rotary tillage
The careless film-covering planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of lid without weeding, pest and disease damage occur also relatively light, but the plague of rats occur heavier it should be noted that pre- rat preservative and doing
Good poison Mus work；Potato growth middle and late stage such as runs into the unbroken weather of spring rain, and disease is susceptible to, and answers Symptomatic medicine, prevents in time
Control, in harvest time 15d, prohibit the use of pesticide；
5. harvest in time：
Rice field rotary tillage lid grass film-covering planting spring sowing potato, the 7 days ahead of time non-tillage field rice straw mulching plantation spring sowing potato period of maturation of ratio,
In day in April 20-30, fine day is selected to harvest.
3. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described Potato Cultivars are：Dongnong303, eastern agriculture 304,
Favorita, middle potato 3, new No. 4 of new No. 3, grams of middle potato No. 5, gram, the Atlantic Ocean, Holland 7 or Holland 15.
4. method according to claim 1, described Early cropping potato+in ripe early rice+in the collocation of ripe late rice be following
One of three kinds：Favorita-in good early No. 17-Feng Yuan excellent 299；The excellent 819- Feng Yuan excellent 272 in Favorita-land two；Middle potato 3-
The excellent 819- Feng Yuan excellent 299 in land two.
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| CN106069031A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi improving south double-ridged horn soil micelle poly structure and double cropping of rice rotation cropping method |
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