CN104082005B - The intercropping culture method of konjaku and ambrette - Google Patents
The intercropping culture method of konjaku and ambrette Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082005B CN104082005B CN201410332554.1A CN201410332554A CN104082005B CN 104082005 B CN104082005 B CN 104082005B CN 201410332554 A CN201410332554 A CN 201410332554A CN 104082005 B CN104082005 B CN 104082005B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to planting technical field, specifically the intercropping method of a kind of konjaku and ambrette, step comprises (1) whole ground ridging; (2) okra nursery; (3) konjaku sowing; (4) plant; (5) field management; (6) okra is gathered; (7) konjaku is gathered.Konjaku belongs to the shady crop of happiness, can improve the seed output and quality of konjaku under certain shading condition, and okra is the crop of happiness sunlight, and just in time each takes what he needs for okra and konjaku intercropping, effectively utilizes sunlight.The most of Root Distribution of konjaku is within the scope of the 25cm of earth's surface, and okra root system slightly dark 20 ~ 40cm relatively, therefore the intercropping of konjaku okra more effectively can utilize the rich water of the different soil degree of depth.Konjaku and okra intercropping, enhance the disease resistance of konjaku, decreases the generation of konjak soft rot, decreases the use of agricultural chemicals, can improve the yield and quality of konjaku, preserve the ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technical field, specifically a kind of intercropping culture method of konjaku and ambrette.
Background technology
Konjaku is Araeceae Amorphophallus herbaceos perennial, main product, abound with in Southwestern China area.Its stem tuber is rich in Glucomannan, have reducing blood lipid, fat-reducing, antitumor, strengthen the effect such as immunologic function, the dark favor by health food market.In Japan, konjaku becomes the delicacies of seat seat indispensability already, is described as " magic power food ".Also containing alkaloid, pharmaceutically external application in the fresh bulb of konjaku, there is removing toxicity for detumescence function.At present, konjaku has become the important foreign exchange earning vegetables of China.
Konjaku is a kind of bottom vegetation of Tropical Asian rainforest, and be heliophobous plant, suitable growth is under the vegetation having effect of sheltering from heat or light.Sunshine is strong, and soft rot morbidity is serious, and it is bad that output reduces product qualitative change, and cultivation should suitably be shaded.General employing konjaku and corn intercrop in current production, this method reaches the effect of diseases prevention and Appropriate application sunlight to a certain extent.But the vegetative period of corn is 3 months, and the growth harvest time of konjaku was more than 6 months, the intercropping mode of konjaku/corn has one section of nothing to shelter from heat or light period of effect.Production also there are konjaku and kiwi fruit and other fruit tree intercropping and interplantings, but just must can adopt the method in planting fruit trees district.Therefore konjaku intercropping and interplanting pattern is explored to promoting that the sound development of konjaku plant husbandry has great importance.
Okra is the special vegetable that China introduces in recent years, although do not have large-area plantation, because of mouthfeel and effect of its uniqueness, has sizable market potential at home, can receive larger economic benefit than maize planting.Simultaneously the plant height of okra 1.5 ~ 2m and palmate blade more can play effect of sheltering from heat or light.And okra damage by disease and insect is few, with konjaku without identical damage by disease and insect.Direct sunlight is avoided in konjaku plantation, most of Root Distribution is within the scope of 25cm soil layer, and okra is sun plant, root system is relatively slightly dark, therefore konjaku/okra intercropping more effectively can utilize sunlight and rich water, improve the comprehensive benefit of konjaku, okra, reach the object of high yield quality benefit of konjaku, okra.
Summary of the invention
Be the deficiency making up the existing interplant of konjaku order of the present invention, a kind of konjaku/okra intercropping and interplanting cropping pattern is provided, reach the production object of high yield quality benefit of konjaku, okra.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of intercropping culture method of konjaku and okra, comprises the steps:
(1) whole ground ridging: select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 70 ~ 80cm, open the drain ditch that width is 30 ~ 40cm between ridge;
(2) okra nursery: okra seed 50 ~ 55 DEG C of water seed soaking 15min, then at room temperature soak seed 10 ~ 20 hours, vernalization 12 ~ 24 hours under 25 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions after seed soaking terminates, in time having half seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, seeding and seedling raising is carried out with seedling-cultivating tray by 2, every hole seed with sprout, the field planting when okra 3 ~ 4 true leaves in greenhouse;
(3) konjaku sowing: be watered 20kg immersion kind taro with 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin wetting powders and take out airing 1 ~ 2 day after 0.5 ~ 1 hour, the kind taro of having sterilized was embedded in 15 ~ 20 days in soil loose in greenhouse before planting and carries out vernalization, keep temperature 15 ~ 25 DEG C, soil moisture 70 ~ 80%, plants when bud long 1cm;
(4) plant: the mode that every ridge replaces by okra, konjaku is planted;
In the present invention, during plantation can separate room two, two between the mode in two, separate room three and Shuan Long separate room five plant, the pattern plantation in separate room two i.e. " konjaku-okra-konjaku ", two i.e. every ridge four lines between two, the pattern plantation of " okra-konjaku-okra-konjaku ", separate room three i.e. every ridge four lines, by the plantation of " okra-konjaku-konjaku-konjaku " pattern; Shuan Long separate room five i.e. one group, two ridge, often organizes three row, and left ridge is planted by " konjaku-konjaku-okra " pattern, right ridge three row.
(5) field management: after okra field planting respectively after slow seedling, first the flowers are in blossom put before and intertill and clean tillage three times after yielding positive results, and insert in fixing plant near okra plant with the bamboo pole that 0.5 ~ 1m is long, when konjaku will open up leaf, earth up, thickness 5 ~ 8cm, envelope sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 3 times behind ridge;
(6) okra is gathered: okra of conventionally gathering;
(7) konjaku is gathered: konjaku of conventionally gathering.
Further, applying base fertilizer in step (1) is fertilizer special for konjak, and sowing amount is every mu of 1500kg.
Further, in step (4), when temperature gos up to 15 DEG C, start to plant okra and konjaku.
Compared with prior art, Advantageous Effects of the present invention is:
(1) konjaku belongs to the shady crop of happiness, can improve the seed output and quality of konjaku under certain shading condition, and okra is the crop of happiness sunlight, and just in time each takes what he needs for okra and konjaku intercropping, effectively utilizes sunlight;
(2) the most of Root Distribution of konjaku is within the scope of the 25cm of earth's surface, and okra root system slightly dark 20 ~ 40cm relatively, therefore the intercropping of konjaku okra more effectively can utilize the rich water of the different soil degree of depth;
(3) konjaku and okra intercropping, enhance the disease resistance of okra, decreases the generation of konjak soft rot, decreases the use of agricultural chemicals, single fertilization, reduce production cost, can preserve the ecological environment;
(4) konjaku and okra intercropping improve the comprehensive benefit of konjaku, okra, for the scale of konjaku industry, standardized production provide technical foundation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
An intercropping method for konjaku and ambrette, comprises the steps:
(1) whole ground ridging: select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, applying base fertilizer is fertilizer special for konjak, sowing amount is every mu of 1500kg, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 70cm, open the drain ditch that width is 30cm between ridge;
(2) okra nursery: okra seed 50 DEG C of water seed soaking 15min, then at room temperature soak seed 10 hours, vernalization 12 hours under 25 DEG C of conditions after seed soaking terminates, in time having half seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, seeding and seedling raising is carried out with in seedling-cultivating tray by 2, every hole seed with sprout, the field planting when okra 3 true leaves in booth;
(3) konjaku sowing: be watered 20kg immersion kind taro with 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin wetting powders and take out airing 1 day after 0.5 hour, the kind taro of having sterilized was embedded in 15 days in soil loose in greenhouse or booth before planting and carries out vernalization, keep temperature 15 DEG C, soil moisture 70%, plants when bud long 1cm;
(4) planting patterns: when the temperature rises to 15 DEG C every year, 1 row okra, 3 row konjaku plantations on every ridge, okra spacing in the rows 50cm, 6 times that plant taro transverse diameter is line-spacing, and 4 times is spacing in the rows;
(5) after the field planting of field management okra respectively after slow seedling, first the flowers are in blossom put before and intertill and clean tillage three times after yielding positive results, and insert in the lodging preventing okra near okra plant with the bamboo pole of 0.5m; When konjaku will open up leaf, earth up, thickness 5cm sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times after sealing ridge;
(6) okra is gathered okra of conventionally gathering;
(7) konjaku is gathered: konjaku of conventionally gathering.
Embodiment 2
An intercropping method for konjaku and ambrette, comprises the steps:
(1) whole ground ridging: select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, applying base fertilizer is fertilizer special for konjak, sowing amount is every mu of 1500kg, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 80cm, open the drain ditch that width is 40cm between ridge;
(2) okra nursery: okra seed 55 DEG C of water seed soaking 15min, then at room temperature soak seed 20 hours, vernalization 24 hours under 30 DEG C of conditions after seed soaking terminates, in time having half seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, seeding and seedling raising is carried out with in seedling-cultivating tray by 2, every hole seed with sprout, the field planting when okra 4 true leaves in greenhouse;
(3) konjaku sowing: be watered 20kg immersion kind taro with 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin wetting powders and take out airing 2 days after 1 hour, the kind taro of having sterilized was embedded in 20 days in soil loose in greenhouse or booth before planting and carries out vernalization, keep temperature 25 DEG C, soil moisture 80%, plants when bud long 1cm;
(4) planting patterns: when the temperature rises to 15 DEG C every year, 2 row okras, 2 row konjaku plantations on every ridge, okra spacing in the rows 50cm, 6 times that plant taro transverse diameter is line-spacing, and 4 times is spacing in the rows;
(5) after the field planting of field management okra respectively after slow seedling, first the flowers are in blossom put before and intertill and clean tillage three times after yielding positive results, and insert in the lodging preventing okra near okra plant with the bamboo pole of 1m; When konjaku will open up leaf, earth up, thickness 8cm sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times after sealing ridge;
(6) okra is gathered okra of conventionally gathering;
(7) konjaku is gathered: konjaku of conventionally gathering.
Embodiment 3
Inventor has carried out okra high-yield high-quality safe cultivation examination in 2012 on Ya'an, Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University farm.Main research conditions is as follows:
(1) experiment material
Okra is " five happinesses " kind (Zhejiang agricultural college provides).Elephant-foot yam (rain color konjaku in Chengdu provides) selected by konjaku.
(2) intercropping mode
T
1separate room is two: every ridge three row, plants by the pattern of " konjaku-okra-konjaku ".
T
2two between two: every ridge four lines, the pattern plantation of " okra-konjaku-okra-konjaku ".
T
3separate room three: every ridge four lines, by the plantation of " okra-konjaku-konjaku-konjaku " pattern.
T
4one group, ridge, Shuan Long separate room five: two, often organizes three row, and left ridge is by the plantation of " konjaku-konjaku-okra " pattern, and right ridge three row all plants konjaku.
CK control group: clear kind three row konjakus in contrast, are not cooked any measure of sheltering from heat or light.
(3) plantation of konjaku and okra
Whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, ridge height 20cm, three row plant row spacing 60cm, 4 row plant row spacing 80cm, draining furrow width is about 40cm.Okra is in seeding and seedling raising on March 5, and April 5 is colonizated in field.Konjaku also plants field April 5 kinds.Plot area 90m
2.Field planting management is with conventional production management.Investigate Amorphophallus Yield, the soft rot incidence of disease harvest time.
(4) result
Different intercropping mode on the impact of konjak soft rot and output in table 1.Different intercropping modes all has volume increase and protection effect to konjaku, volume increase 16.0 ~ 84.9%, protection effect 40.9 ~ 84.3%.Wherein separate room three pattern effect of increasing production and protection effect best, volume increase 84.9%, protection effect 84.3%, the incidence of disease of soft rot only has 9.5%, therefore konjaku produce in suggestion adopt the cultivation mode in separate room three.
The different intercropping mode of table 1 is on the impact of konjak soft rot and output
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the intercropping culture method of konjaku and okra, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) whole ground ridging: select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 70 ~ 80cm, open the drain ditch that width is 30 ~ 40cm between ridge;
(2) okra nursery: okra seed 50 ~ 55 DEG C of water seed soaking 15min, then at room temperature soak seed 10 ~ 20 hours, vernalization 12 ~ 24 hours under 25 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions after seed soaking terminates, in time having half seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, seeding and seedling raising is carried out with seedling-cultivating tray by 2, every hole seed with sprout, the field planting when okra 3 ~ 4 true leaves in greenhouse;
(3) konjaku sowing: be watered 20kg immersion kind taro with 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin wetting powders and take out airing 1 ~ 2 day after 0.5 ~ 1 hour, the kind taro of having sterilized was embedded in 15 ~ 20 days in soil loose in greenhouse before planting and carries out vernalization, keep temperature 15 ~ 25 DEG C, soil moisture 70 ~ 80%, plants when bud long 1cm;
(4) plant: the mode that every ridge replaces by okra, konjaku is planted;
(5) field management: after okra field planting respectively after slow seedling, first the flowers are in blossom put before and intertill and clean tillage three times after yielding positive results, and insert in fixing plant near okra plant with the bamboo pole that 0.5 ~ 1m is long, when konjaku will open up leaf, earth up, thickness 5 ~ 8cm, envelope sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 3 times behind ridge;
(6) okra is gathered: okra of conventionally gathering;
(7) konjaku is gathered: konjaku of conventionally gathering.
2. the intercropping culture method of konjaku and okra according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, applying base fertilizer in step (1) is fertilizer special for konjak, and sowing amount is every mu of 1500kg.
3. the intercropping culture method of konjaku and okra according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), when temperature gos up to 15 DEG C, starts to plant okra and konjaku.
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