CN112021060A - Cultivation method of cut flower Chinese rose - Google Patents
Cultivation method of cut flower Chinese rose Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021060A CN112021060A CN202011026709.0A CN202011026709A CN112021060A CN 112021060 A CN112021060 A CN 112021060A CN 202011026709 A CN202011026709 A CN 202011026709A CN 112021060 A CN112021060 A CN 112021060A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flower cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method of cut-flower Chinese roses, which comprises the following steps: s1, address selection: selecting an address suitable for the growth of Chinese rose peanuts for cultivation; s2, selecting seeds: selecting high-quality varieties with good effects in a trial planting stage and a selling stage; s3, planting: planting the selected seedlings in a site selection area; s4, managing the seedling recovering period for 15-20 days; s5, managing in the growing period; s6, carrying out planting daily management and pest control; s7, harvesting after maturation. The method has the advantages that the Chinese rose is guaranteed to have a good planting environment through site selection, seed selection is beneficial to the Chinese rose to have excellent quality and a good sale prospect, management in the seedling revival stage, management in the growth stage, daily management and pest control are carried out after field planting, the Chinese rose can be further guaranteed to grow well, and finally harvesting is carried out to realize sale of the Chinese rose.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flower cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method of a cut flower rose.
Background
The Chinese rose is called queen in flower, also called as Chinese rose, catharanthus roseus, victoria, emaciation, red-blood bucket and the like, is a rose plant in the Rosaceae, is evergreen or semi-evergreen low shrub, is red in flower and is occasionally white, can be used as an ornamental plant and also can be used as a medicinal plant. The planting and cultivating process of the Chinese rose is complex, the cultivating modes of the Chinese rose in the current agricultural planting are various, but the planting effect is not particularly ideal and can not meet the market demand, so that a cultivating method of the cut flower Chinese rose is needed to ensure that the planting yield of the Chinese rose is high and the planting quality is good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of cut-flower Chinese roses, and solves the problems that the yield of the Chinese roses is not high and the quality of the Chinese roses is not good by the conventional Chinese rose planting method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of cut-flower Chinese roses comprises the following steps:
s1, address selection: selecting an address suitable for the growth of Chinese rose peanuts for cultivation;
s2, selecting seeds: selecting high-quality varieties with good effects in a trial planting stage and a selling stage;
s3, planting: planting the selected seedlings in a site selection area;
s4, managing the seedling recovering period for 15-20 days;
s5, managing in the growing period;
s6, carrying out planting daily management and pest control;
s7, harvesting after maturation.
The method is characterized in that the site selection is to select an area with the average annual temperature of 13-17 ℃ and the lowest temperature of more than-2 ℃ for cultivation, the area is a sandy soil area which is dry in terrain, convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in soil, rich in organic matters, 5.5-6.5 in PH value, provided with a granular structure and loose and ventilated, the underground water level of the area is below 1.0m, a plurality of monthly planting greenhouses are built at the selected site after the site selection is completed, main drainage ditches with the depth of more than 0.8m are arranged around the monthly planting greenhouses, and inter-greenhouse ditches with the depth of more than 0.4m and communicated with the main drainage ditches are arranged between two adjacent monthly planting greenhouses.
The further technical scheme is that the field planting comprises the steps of selecting high-quality seedlings, selecting a field planting period, disinfecting soil, preparing soil, making furrows, shading, pre-processing the field planting, controlling field planting density, controlling field planting depth and post-processing the field planting;
the field planting period is 3-6 months, the field planting is carried out in cloudy and low-temperature weather, the outdoor air temperature is not more than 30 ℃ at most and the outdoor air temperature is not less than 10 ℃ during field planting;
if the planting time of the Chinese roses is too long or too long in the greenhouse, disinfecting the soil by adopting one or more of prodigiosin, quintozene, thiram and phoxim, and if the Chinese roses are planted or root nodules are found in the greenhouse for a long time, disinfecting the soil by using a metam, lime nitrogen, methyl bromide or steam disinfection mode more than one month before field planting;
the land preparation and ridge making comprises deeply turning soil by 40-50cm before field planting, after fully drying in the sun, ditching and releasing fully rotten livestock manure, medicine residues or crushed straws, wherein the height of the ridge surface for making the ridge is 20-25cm, 35-40cm or more than 50cm, the width of the ridge surface is 80-100cm or 100-120cm, and the groove surface of the ridge is 60-80 cm;
the pre-treatment of field planting comprises the steps of soaking roots of seedlings to be planted in 2500 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder for 25-30 minutes;
after planting, single-furrow double-row cultivation is adopted, the row spacing in the furrow surface is 40-50cm, the plant spacing is 14-20cm, and 4500 plants are planted in each mu of field planting manner;
controlling the planting depth to enable the cut of the grafted seedling to face the ridge surface, and enabling the scion of the grafted seedling to be 2-3cm higher than the ridge surface;
the post-treatment of the field planting comprises the steps of immediately watering root fixing water after the field planting, supporting seedlings the next day after the field planting, and straightening and righting the seedlings which are not in good positions and have changed positions after the watering.
The further technical scheme is that the management of the seedling revival stage comprises the steps of keeping root soil and surface soil moist within one week after field planting, spraying water to leaf surfaces in the daytime to keep the air humidity at 80-90%, keeping the temperature at 18-28 ℃, spraying a protective field planting bactericide once on the 3 rd-5 th day after field planting, removing a sunshade net on the 6 th-7 th day after field planting, and spraying a survival bactericide once every 7-10 days after field planting and survival of seedlings;
the field planting bactericide comprises one or more of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800-times liquid, Bordeaux mixture, lime sulphur and coppery preparation;
the survival bactericide comprises one or more of 1000 times liquid of 58% methyloxanil-zinc wettable powder, 1000 times liquid of 80% enoyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, 1000 times liquid of 10% polyoxin wettable powder and 1000 times liquid of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid.
According to a further technical scheme, the growing period management comprises temperature management, humidity management, illumination management, greenhouse switch management, fertilization management, moisture management and branch breaking;
the temperature management comprises controlling the room temperature in the greenhouse, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 14-16 ℃ at night;
the humidity management comprises controlling the humidity in the greenhouse, so that the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 70-80% in the growth period and 40-60% in the flowering period;
the lighting management comprises: a sunshade film with a sunshade function is adopted to shade the shed body in a strong light season; shielding by adopting an ultraviolet film with high light transmittance and capable of blocking ultraviolet rays when the weather is continuous for 7-10 days; the light is not shielded in the early vegetative growth stage in rainy season; shading by using a 60-75% silver gray shading net at 10:00-16:00 in sunny days after budding;
the greenhouse switch management comprises the steps that the opening and closing of the fixed film and the side film are controlled by using an in-greenhouse control box;
and the branch folding is carried out when the length of the branch reaches more than 50cm after the permanent planting for 60 days, and the branch folding time is 15:00-16:00 in the afternoon.
The further technical scheme is that nutrient elements are supplemented to the Chinese rose in the growth period in the fertilizing management, and the supplemented nutrient elements comprise: nitrogen: 300-400 mg/branch, phosphorus: 100-200 mg/branch, potassium: 300-400 mg/branch, calcium: 120-150 mg/branch, magnesium: 30-40 mg/branch, iron: 2.0-2.5 mg/branch, manganese: 2.5-3.0 mg/branch, zinc: 1.0-1.2 mg/branch, copper: 0.2-0.3 mg/branch, boron: 0.3-0.4 mg/branch, molybdenum: 0.03-0.05 mg/branch, adopting drip irrigation fertilization in a fertilization mode, adopting artificial fertilization when the local fertilizer deficiency symptom appears, and the fertilization time is morning in summer or noon in winter;
and (3) adding decomposed organic fertilizer into the soil for 1 time every year in an amount of 3-5 tons/mu in the fertilization management, wherein a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 30cm and the width of 25-30cm is dug among the rows of the furrow surface, and the fertilizing ditch is uniformly mixed with the soil after the organic fertilizer is added.
In a further aspect, the moisture management comprises:
in the season of low air temperature and dry air, water is replenished for 1 time every 3 days in sunny days, the water replenishing time is noon, and the water replenishing amount is 1.5-1.8 cubic meters per mu;
in the season of high air temperature and dry air, 1 time of water supplement is carried out every day in sunny days, the water supplement time is before 16:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplement amount is 2.0-2.5 cubic meters per mu;
in seasons with high air temperature, much rain and high humidity, 1 time of water supplement is carried out every day in sunny days, the water supplement time is before 16:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplement amount is 1.8-2.0 cubic meters per mu;
in the season of cool weather, 1 time of water is supplemented every 2-3 days, the water supplementing time is before 14:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplementing quantity is 1.8-2.0 cubic meters/mu;
supplementing water in the morning on single rainy day, wherein the water supplementing amount is 1.5-1.8 cubic meters per mu;
and stopping water supplement in continuous rainy days.
The further technical scheme is that the daily management comprises lateral bud cutting, pruning, cleaning of dead branches and dead leaves, picking of water branches, rhizosphere hilling and weeding;
the lateral bud shooting is that the lateral bud is removed from the base part when the lateral bud is not more than 5 cm;
the pruning and pruning comprises pruning by a branch folding method and pruning by a branch shearing method;
the cleaning time of the dead branches and dead leaves is the whole growth period of the cut roses;
the water branch pinching is that when a water branch bud is in the beginning, 5-6 leaves at the bottom and 5-8cm thick stems are cut, the cut is 45 degrees, and the first bud point faces the shade and the section faces the sun;
the rhizosphere hilling is carried out after the leaves of the cut flower Chinese rose fall or in early spring seasons, and the thickness of the base of the cut flower Chinese rose is 4-8 cm;
the intertillage weeding is carried out for 4-5 times in the growth period, the intertillage depth is 10-15cm, and weeds are removed in time.
The further technical proposal is that the method for preventing and treating the diseases and the pests comprises gardening prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control;
the horticultural prevention and control comprises the steps of selecting disease-resistant varieties, and inhibiting the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests through environmental control, cultivation measures and environmental sanitation;
the physical control comprises light color trapping and killing and artificial insect catching and killing;
the biological control comprises the control of plant diseases and insect pests by using natural enemies and the control of biological source pesticides and mineral pesticides;
the chemical control comprises chemical pesticide control of plant diseases and insect pests.
The further technical scheme is that the maturity of the China rose is divided into 6 grades, wherein the 1 grade is a bud stage, the 2 grade is a sepal level and petal non-dispersing stage, the 3 grade is a sepal sagging and outer petal loosening starting stage, the 4 grade is a petal loosening and outer petal unfolding degree light rain horizontal line stage, the 5 grade is an outer petal unfolding initial stage, the 6 grade is a full opening stage, the China rose of the 2-5 grades is collected in S7, when the China rose is used for the first time, a branch at the base part is cut at a position 10cm away from the surface of a ridge, the cut position is 0.5cm above a bud, the China rose inclines to face the sun at an angle of 45 degrees, and the collection time is 4 pm later.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages that the Chinese rose is guaranteed to have a good planting environment through site selection, seed selection is beneficial to the Chinese rose to have excellent quality and a good sale prospect, management in the seedling revival stage, management in the growth stage, daily management and pest control are carried out after field planting, the Chinese rose can be further guaranteed to grow well, and finally harvesting is carried out to realize sale of the Chinese rose.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example (b):
the cultivation method of the cut rose in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, address selection: selecting an address suitable for the growth of Chinese rose peanuts for cultivation;
s2, selecting seeds: selecting high-quality varieties with good effects in a trial planting stage and a selling stage;
s3, planting: planting the selected seedlings in a site selection area;
s4, managing the seedling recovering period for 15-20 days;
s5, managing in the growing period;
s6, carrying out planting daily management and pest control;
s7, harvesting after maturation.
The method has the advantages that the Chinese rose is guaranteed to have a good planting environment through site selection, seed selection is beneficial to the Chinese rose to have excellent quality and a good sale prospect, management in the seedling revival stage, management in the growth stage, daily management and pest control are carried out after field planting, the Chinese rose can be further guaranteed to grow well, and finally harvesting is carried out to realize sale of the Chinese rose.
The method comprises the steps of selecting an area with the average annual temperature of 13-17 ℃ and the lowest temperature of more than-2 ℃ for cultivation, wherein the area is a sandy soil area which is dry in terrain, convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in soil, rich in organic matters, 5.5-6.5 in PH value, provided with a granular structure and loose and ventilated, the underground water level of the area is below 1.0m, constructing a plurality of monthly planting greenhouses at the selected address after site selection is completed, arranging main drainage ditches with the depth of more than 0.8m around the monthly planting greenhouses, and arranging inter-greenhouse ditches with the depth of more than 0.4m and communicated with the main drainage ditches between two adjacent monthly planting greenhouses.
The field planting comprises selecting high-quality seedlings, selecting a field planting period, disinfecting soil, preparing soil into furrows, shading, pre-field planting treatment, field planting density control, field planting depth control and post-field planting treatment; the planting period is 3-6 months, planting is carried out in cloudy and low-temperature weather, the outdoor air temperature is not more than 30 ℃ at most and the outdoor minimum air temperature is not less than 10 ℃ during planting; if the planting time of the Chinese roses is too long or too long in the greenhouse, disinfecting the soil by adopting one or more of prodigiosin, quintozene, thiram and phoxim, and if the Chinese roses are planted or root nodules are found in the greenhouse for a long time, disinfecting the soil by using a metam, lime nitrogen, methyl bromide or steam disinfection mode more than one month before field planting; soil preparation and ridge making comprise deeply turning soil for 40-50cm before field planting, after fully drying in the sun, ditching and releasing fully rotten livestock manure, medicine residues or crushed straws, wherein the height of the ridge surface for making the ridge is 20-25cm, 35-40cm or more than 50cm, the width of the ridge surface is 80-100cm or 100-120cm, and the groove surface of the ridge is 60-80 cm; the pre-treatment of field planting comprises soaking roots of seedlings to be planted in 2500 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder for 25-30 minutes; after planting, single-furrow double-row planting is adopted, the row spacing in the furrow surface is 40-50cm, the plant spacing is 14-20cm, 4000-; controlling the planting depth to enable the cut of the grafted seedling to face the ridge surface, and enabling the scion of the grafted seedling to be 2-3cm higher than the ridge surface; the post-treatment of the field planting comprises the steps of immediately watering root fixing water after the field planting, supporting seedlings the next day after the field planting, and straightening and righting the seedlings which are not in good positions and have changed positions after the watering.
The high-quality seedlings are as follows: the grafted seedling or the cutting seedling is vigorous in growth, strong, full and straight in seedling stem, thick, glossy and undistorted in leaf blade, normal in surface color of stem stalk, healthy and complete in skin thorn, free of any disease and pest harm symptoms, free of any living body of pests, obvious and strong in main root, developed in fibrous root, provided with more than three new roots, white to yellow in root color, and capable of enabling new buds to emit seedlings of more than 5 cm.
The planting period is 3-6 months, a small amount of planting can be carried out in the rest months according to the actual conditions, the planting in summer has the advantages of short seedling recovery period and fast survival, and if the planting is carried out in winter, the defects of long seedling recovery period, slow survival and the like can occur, and the planting selection time is optimal in the evening.
Soil preparation and ridge making can improve soil, increase organic matter content, improve and maintain soil permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention for a long time, and promote the long-term good growth of Chinese rose root systems. The organic fertilizer for improving soil can be decomposed cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, chicken dung, humus soil or bagasse, etc. and is added with small amount of rape seed cake, appraisal and other fine fertilizer to make the fertilizer become comprehensive in nutrients. If the soil has a large amount of particles, poor air permeability or too heavy viscosity, it can be improved by using a relatively inexpensive material which is relatively easily obtained, such as decomposed medicinal residues or pulverized straws. When a compost field is built, the produced waste branches, waste leaves, hay and other materials can be crushed, fresh farmyard manure is mixed, a certain amount of biological bacteria is applied, stack retting is carried out by using a plastic film, the stack retting time is 3-6 months, the stack retting time in a high-temperature season can be shortened, the stack retting time in a low-temperature season can be prolonged, the stack retting machine can be used as an organic fertilizer in the whole field or in the ditching and fertilizing every year, raw materials with insecticidal and bactericidal effects such as tobacco foam, tobacco residues, tobacco stems, pepper stems and the like can be mixed for stack retting, and good insecticidal and bactericidal effects can be achieved. Large soil blocks and stones cannot be contained in the soil for soil preparation and bed making so as to ensure root development and maintain soil moisture.
And after the soil disinfection in summer is finished, the black sunshade net is pulled up by more than 75% in the planting process, and the black sunshade net is not required to be pulled in other seasons.
The planting depth is controlled to enable the cut of the grafted seedling to face the ridge surface, the scion of the grafted seedling is 2-3cm higher than the ridge surface, so that the scion is prevented from generating adventitious buds, the planting depth of the cutting seedling is consistent with the depth of the seedling during cutting, the survival rate is low due to too shallow planting, and stem diseases are easily infected due to too deep planting.
After the post-planting treatment is carried out, whether white new roots are generated or not can be checked after 3-5 times, and if a large number of white new roots are generated, the planting is successful.
The management of the seedling revival stage comprises keeping the root soil and the surface soil moist within one week after planting, spraying water to the leaf surfaces in the daytime to keep the air humidity at 80-90%, keeping the temperature at 18-28 ℃, spraying a protective planting bactericide once on the 3 rd-5 th day after planting, removing a sunshade net on the 6 th-7 th day after planting, and spraying a survival bactericide once every 7-10 days after the seedlings are planted and survive; the field planting bactericide comprises one or more of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800-times liquid, Bordeaux mixture, and coppery preparation; the survival bactericide comprises one or more of 1000 times liquid of 58% methyloxanil zinc wettable powder, 1000 times liquid of 80% enoyl manganese zinc wettable powder, 1000 times liquid of 10% polyoxin wettable powder and 1000 times liquid of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid.
The management in the growing period comprises temperature management, humidity management, illumination management, greenhouse opening and closing management, fertilization management, moisture management and branch folding; the temperature management comprises controlling the room temperature in the greenhouse to make the temperature in the greenhouse be 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 14-16 ℃ at night; the humidity management comprises controlling the humidity in the greenhouse, so that the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 70-80% in the growth period and 40-60% in the flowering period; the illumination management includes: a sunshade film with a sunshade function is adopted to shade the shed body in a strong light season; shielding by adopting an ultraviolet film with high light transmittance and capable of blocking ultraviolet rays when the weather is continuous for 7-10 days; the light is not shielded in the early vegetative growth stage in rainy season; shading by using a 60-75% silver gray shading net at 10:00-16:00 in sunny days after budding; the greenhouse switch management comprises the steps that the opening and closing of the fixed film and the side film are controlled by using a greenhouse control box; and (3) starting to perform branch breaking when the length of the branch reaches more than 50cm after 60 days of field planting, wherein the branch breaking time is 15:00-16:00 in the afternoon. The method for folding branches comprises holding the middle part of the branch with one hand, pinching the other hand at a position 3-5cm away from the base part, twisting the branch with fingers, bending the two sides, and uniformly swinging.
The temperature in the big-arch shelter is mainly controlled through adjusting the canopy membrane, need increase the inner membrance in the canopy and further keep warm winter, can also heat up in the canopy through heating device when colder winter to guarantee to produce flower speed and less low temperature freeze injury risk.
The relative humidity of the Chinese roses in the greenhouse is very important, the relative humidity can influence the colors of the Chinese roses, the adjustment and the placement of the Chinese roses are mainly controlled by controlling the opening and the closing of a greenhouse film, adjusting the water replenishing amount and the water replenishing time, the relative humidity in the daytime is controlled at 40% in the flowering period, and the relative humidity at night is controlled at 60%.
The greenhouse switch management is to keep the top film open for 24 hours in a sunny day in spring and summer; in autumn and winter, the top film is opened in sunny days with low temperature or in downy seasons, and the top film is closed at night; in windless rainy days, the sawtooth greenhouse opens the top film and closes the side film, and the circular arch greenhouse closes the top film and opens the side film; in a windy and rainy day, except that the side film is properly opened for ventilation and air exchange in a short time in a windy or breezy state, the top film and the side film are closed in the rest time; closing the top film and the side film at night in rainy days; only the top film is opened and the side film is not opened in cloudy days; closing the top film and the side film at night in winter; opening the top film and the side film to remove moisture when diseases occur, and only opening the top film when powdery mildew occurs; and when the humidity of the air outside the shed is high, the top film and the side film are closed, and when the humidity in the shed is high, the top film and the side film are opened.
In the fertilization management, nutrient elements are supplemented to the Chinese rose in the growth period, and the supplemented nutrient elements comprise: nitrogen: 300-400 mg/branch, phosphorus: 100-200 mg/branch, potassium: 300-400 mg/branch, calcium: 120-150 mg/branch, magnesium: 30-40 mg/branch, iron: 2.0-2.5 mg/branch, manganese: 2.5-3.0 mg/branch, zinc: 1.0-1.2 mg/branch, copper: 0.2-0.3 mg/branch, boron: 0.3-0.4 mg/branch, molybdenum: 0.03-0.05 mg/branch, adopting drip irrigation fertilization in a fertilization mode, adopting artificial fertilization when the local fertilizer deficiency symptom appears, and the fertilization time is morning in summer or noon in winter; and (3) adding decomposed organic fertilizer into the soil for 1 time every year in an amount of 3-5 tons/mu in the fertilization management, wherein a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 30cm and the width of 25-30cm is dug among the rows of the furrow surface, and the fertilizing ditch is uniformly mixed with the soil after the organic fertilizer is added.
The moisture management includes: in the season of low air temperature and dry air, water is replenished for 1 time every 3 days in sunny days, the water replenishing time is noon, and the water replenishing amount is 1.5-1.8 cubic meters per mu; in the season of high air temperature and dry air, 1 time of water supplement is carried out every day in sunny days, the water supplement time is before 16:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplement amount is 2.0-2.5 cubic meters per mu; in seasons with high air temperature, much rain and high humidity, 1 time of water supplement is carried out every day in sunny days, the water supplement time is before 16:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplement amount is 1.8-2.0 cubic meters per mu; in the season of cool weather, 1 time of water is supplemented every 2-3 days, the water supplementing time is before 14:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplementing quantity is 1.8-2.0 cubic meters/mu; supplementing water in the morning on single rainy day, wherein the water supplementing amount is 1.5-1.8 cubic meters per mu; and stopping water supplement in continuous rainy days.
Daily management comprises lateral bud picking, pruning, cleaning of dead branches and dead leaves, picking of water branches, rhizosphere hilling and weeding; the lateral bud shooting is that the lateral bud is removed from the base part when the lateral bud is not more than 5 cm; pruning comprises pruning by a folding method and pruning by a pruning method; the cleaning time of the dead branches and dead leaves is the whole growth period of the cut roses; the water branch pinching is that when the flower bud of the water branch is at the beginning, 5-6 leaves at the bottom and 5-8cm thick stems are cut, the cut is 45 degrees, and the first bud point faces the shade and the section faces the sun; the rhizosphere hilling is carried out after the leaves of the cut flower Chinese rose fall or in early spring, the base of the cut flower Chinese rose is hilled, and the thickness is 4-8 cm; 4-5 times of weeding in the growth period of intertillage weeding, 10-15cm of intertillage depth and timely removing weeds.
The cleaning of the dead branches and dead leaves can not be too frequent to prevent the roots from being damaged; the water branches are thick branches growing from the base of the main rod, namely the flower-producing mother branches.
The pest control method comprises gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control; the horticultural prevention and control comprises selecting disease-resistant varieties, and inhibiting the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests through environmental control, cultivation measures and environmental sanitation; physical control comprises light color trapping and killing and artificial catching and killing of diseases and insects; biological control comprises controlling diseases and insect pests by using natural enemies and applying biogenic pesticides and mineral pesticides; chemical control includes chemical pesticides to control pests.
The light color trapping and killing comprises utilizing a blue board and a yellow board to stick insects and kill insects, wherein the blue board mainly aims at various flies and breeding thrips, the yellow board mainly aims at aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers and liriomyza, and the light color trapping and killing also comprises utilizing a purple light insecticidal lamp or a black light insecticidal lamp to trap and kill moths and prevent lepidoptera and coleopteran larvae such as cabbage caterpillars. The artificial killing is mainly used for killing larger pests or egg masses with more concentrated egg grains.
The maturity of the Chinese rose flower is divided into 6 grades, wherein the 1 grade is a bud stage, the 2 grade is a stage with horizontal sepals and non-dispersed petals, the 3 grade is a stage with drooping sepals and loosening of outer petals, the 4 grade is a stage with loose petals and small rain for unfolding outer petals, the 5 grade is an initial stage for unfolding outer petals, the 6 grade is a full-open stage, the Chinese rose flower of the 2-5 grade is collected in S7, when the Chinese rose flower is first time, a branch at the base part is cut at a position 10cm high from the surface of a ridge, the position of a cut is 0.5cm above the bud and faces the sun with an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the collection time is 4 pm later.
In the bud period, the cut flower is not easy to open or not easy to open, so the cut flower is not suitable for being used as a harvesting stage; when the sepals are horizontal and the petals are not scattered, the utility model is suitable for long-distance transportation and sale in summer and autumn; when sepals drop and the outer petals begin to loosen, the long-distance transportation and sale in winter and spring are suitable; when the petals begin to be loose and the outer petals are unfolded to a small rain horizontal line, the flower petal folding machine is suitable for domestic market sale in winter; the petals on the outer layer can be sold in the planting field in the initial development period of unfolding; the cut flowers are not easy to be sold in the full-bloom stage.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure and claims of this application. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method of cut-flower Chinese roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, address selection: selecting an address suitable for the growth of Chinese rose peanuts for cultivation;
s2, selecting seeds: selecting high-quality varieties with good effects in a trial planting stage and a selling stage;
s3, planting: planting the selected seedlings in a site selection area;
s4, managing the seedling recovering period for 15-20 days;
s5, managing in the growing period;
s6, carrying out planting daily management and pest control;
s7, harvesting after maturation.
2. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: the method is characterized in that the site selection is to select an area with the average annual temperature of 13-17 ℃ and the lowest temperature of more than-2 ℃ for cultivation, the area is a sandy soil area which is dry in terrain, convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in soil, rich in organic matters, 5.5-6.5 in PH value, provided with a granular structure and loose and ventilated, the underground water level of the area is below 1.0m, a plurality of monthly planting greenhouses are built at the selected site after the site selection is completed, main drainage ditches with the depth of more than 0.8m are arranged around the monthly planting greenhouses, and inter-house ditches with the depth of more than 0.4m and communicated with the main drainage ditches are arranged between two adjacent monthly planting greenhouses.
3. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: the field planting comprises selecting high-quality seedlings, selecting a field planting period, disinfecting soil, preparing soil, making furrows, shading, pre-field planting treatment, field planting density control, field planting depth control and post-field planting treatment;
the field planting period is 3-6 months, the field planting is carried out in cloudy and low-temperature weather, the outdoor air temperature is not more than 30 ℃ at most and the outdoor air temperature is not less than 10 ℃ during field planting;
if the planting time of the Chinese roses is too long or too long in the greenhouse, disinfecting the soil by adopting one or more of prodigiosin, quintozene, thiram and phoxim, and if the Chinese roses are planted or root nodules are found in the greenhouse for a long time, disinfecting the soil by using a metam, lime nitrogen, methyl bromide or steam disinfection mode more than one month before field planting;
the land preparation and ridge making comprises deeply turning soil by 40-50cm before field planting, after fully drying in the sun, ditching and releasing fully rotten livestock manure, medicine residues or crushed straws, wherein the height of the ridge surface for making the ridge is 20-25cm, 35-40cm or more than 50cm, the width of the ridge surface is 80-100cm or 100-120cm, and the groove surface of the ridge is 60-80 cm;
the pre-treatment of field planting comprises the steps of soaking roots of seedlings to be planted in 2500 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder for 25-30 minutes;
after planting, single-furrow double-row cultivation is adopted, the row spacing in the furrow surface is 40-50cm, the plant spacing is 14-20cm, and 4500 plants are planted in each mu of field planting manner;
controlling the planting depth to enable the cut of the grafted seedling to face the ridge surface, and enabling the scion of the grafted seedling to be 2-3cm higher than the ridge surface;
the post-treatment of the field planting comprises the steps of immediately watering root fixing water after the field planting, supporting seedlings the next day after the field planting, and straightening and righting the seedlings which are not in good positions and have changed positions after the watering.
4. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: the management of the seedling revival stage comprises keeping root soil and surface soil moist within one week after planting, spraying water to leaf surfaces in the daytime to keep the air humidity at 80-90%, keeping the temperature at 18-28 ℃, spraying a protective planting bactericide once on the 3 rd-5 th day after planting, removing a sunshade net on the 6 th-7 th day after planting, and spraying a survival bactericide once every 7-10 days after planting and surviving the seedlings;
the field planting bactericide comprises one or more of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800-times liquid, Bordeaux mixture, lime sulphur and coppery preparation;
the survival bactericide comprises one or more of 1000 times liquid of 58% methyloxanil-zinc wettable powder, 1000 times liquid of 80% enoyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, 1000 times liquid of 10% polyoxin wettable powder and 1000 times liquid of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid.
5. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: the growing period management comprises temperature management, humidity management, illumination management, greenhouse opening and closing management, fertilization management, moisture management and branch folding;
the temperature management comprises controlling the room temperature in the greenhouse, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is 24-26 ℃ in the daytime and 14-16 ℃ at night;
the humidity management comprises controlling the humidity in the greenhouse, so that the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 70-80% in the growth period and 40-60% in the flowering period;
the lighting management comprises: a sunshade film with a sunshade function is adopted to shade the shed body in a strong light season; shielding by adopting an ultraviolet film with high light transmittance and capable of blocking ultraviolet rays when the weather is continuous for 7-10 days; the light is not shielded in the early vegetative growth stage in rainy season; shading by using a 60-75% silver gray shading net at 10:00-16:00 in sunny days after budding;
the greenhouse switch management comprises the steps that the opening and closing of the fixed film and the side film are controlled by using an in-greenhouse control box;
and the branch folding is carried out when the length of the branch reaches more than 50cm after the permanent planting for 60 days, and the branch folding time is 15:00-16:00 in the afternoon.
6. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: in the fertilization management, nutrient elements are supplemented to the Chinese rose in the growth period, and the supplemented nutrient elements comprise: nitrogen: 300-400 mg/branch, phosphorus: 100-200 mg/branch, potassium: 300-400 mg/branch, calcium: 120-150 mg/branch, magnesium: 30-40 mg/branch, iron: 2.0-2.5 mg/branch, manganese: 2.5-3.0 mg/branch, zinc: 1.0-1.2 mg/branch, copper: 0.2-0.3 mg/branch, boron: 0.3-0.4 mg/branch, molybdenum: 0.03-0.05 mg/branch, adopting drip irrigation fertilization in a fertilization mode, adopting artificial fertilization when the local fertilizer deficiency symptom appears, and the fertilization time is morning in summer or noon in winter;
and (3) adding decomposed organic fertilizer into the soil for 1 time every year in an amount of 3-5 tons/mu in the fertilization management, wherein a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 30cm and the width of 25-30cm is dug among the rows of the furrow surface, and the fertilizing ditch is uniformly mixed with the soil after the organic fertilizer is added.
7. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: the moisture management includes:
in the season of low air temperature and dry air, water is replenished for 1 time every 3 days in sunny days, the water replenishing time is noon, and the water replenishing amount is 1.5-1.8 cubic meters per mu;
in the season of high air temperature and dry air, 1 time of water supplement is carried out every day in sunny days, the water supplement time is before 16:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplement amount is 2.0-2.5 cubic meters per mu;
in seasons with high air temperature, much rain and high humidity, 1 time of water supplement is carried out every day in sunny days, the water supplement time is before 16:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplement amount is 1.8-2.0 cubic meters per mu;
in the season of cool weather, 1 time of water is supplemented every 2-3 days, the water supplementing time is before 14:00 in the morning, noon or afternoon, and the water supplementing quantity is 1.8-2.0 cubic meters/mu;
supplementing water in the morning on single rainy day, wherein the water supplementing amount is 1.5-1.8 cubic meters per mu;
and stopping water supplement in continuous rainy days.
8. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: the daily management comprises lateral bud picking, pruning and pruning, cleaning of dead branches and dead leaves, picking of water branches, rhizosphere hilling and weeding;
the lateral bud shooting is that the lateral bud is removed from the base part when the lateral bud is not more than 5 cm;
the pruning and pruning comprises pruning by a branch folding method and pruning by a branch shearing method;
the cleaning time of the dead branches and dead leaves is the whole growth period of the cut roses;
the water branch pinching is that when a water branch bud is in the beginning, 5-6 leaves at the bottom and 5-8cm thick stems are cut, the cut is 45 degrees, and the first bud point faces the shade and the section faces the sun;
the rhizosphere hilling is carried out after the leaves of the cut flower Chinese rose fall or in early spring seasons, and the thickness of the base of the cut flower Chinese rose is 4-8 cm;
the intertillage weeding is carried out for 4-5 times in the growth period, the intertillage depth is 10-15cm, and weeds are removed in time.
9. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: the pest control method comprises gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control;
the horticultural prevention and control comprises the steps of selecting disease-resistant varieties, and inhibiting the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests through environmental control, cultivation measures and environmental sanitation;
the physical control comprises light color trapping and killing and artificial insect catching and killing;
the biological control comprises the control of plant diseases and insect pests by using natural enemies and the control of biological source pesticides and mineral pesticides;
the chemical control comprises chemical pesticide control of plant diseases and insect pests.
10. The method of cultivating cut roses according to claim 1, wherein: the maturity of the Chinese rose flower is divided into 6 grades, wherein the 1 grade is a bud stage, the 2 grade is a stage with horizontal sepals and non-dispersed petals, the 3 grade is a stage with drooping sepals and loosening of outer petals, the 4 grade is a stage with loose petals and small rain for unfolding outer petals, the 5 grade is an initial stage for unfolding outer petals, the 6 grade is a full-open stage, the Chinese rose flower of the 2-5 grade is collected in S7, when the Chinese rose flower is first time, a branch at the base part is cut at a position 10cm high from the surface of a ridge, the position of a cut is 0.5cm above the bud and faces the sun with an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the collection time is 4 pm later.
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| CN112616607A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 四川云辰园林科技有限公司 | Chinese rose tide type seedling raising method |
| CN114097515A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-01 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Interplanting cultivation method for Chinese roses and pyrethrum |
| CN115496300A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12-20 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | Method for monitoring growth information and environment of Chinese rose seedlings |
| CN115589920A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-13 | 云南胜源农业科技发展有限公司（Cn） | Cut flower Chinese rose single plant independent cultivation method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112616607A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 四川云辰园林科技有限公司 | Chinese rose tide type seedling raising method |
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| CN115589920A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-13 | 云南胜源农业科技发展有限公司（Cn） | Cut flower Chinese rose single plant independent cultivation method |
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