CN103988770B - The soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse - Google Patents

The soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse Download PDF

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CN103988770B
CN103988770B CN201410249789.4A CN201410249789A CN103988770B CN 103988770 B CN103988770 B CN 103988770B CN 201410249789 A CN201410249789 A CN 201410249789A CN 103988770 B CN103988770 B CN 103988770B
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sulfate
lycopersici esculenti
fructus lycopersici
slag
cultivation bed
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CN103988770A (en
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许桄尧
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Hubei tuanxiang Agricultural Group Co., Ltd
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Yunnan Wise And Farsighted Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract

The invention discloses the soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in a kind of greenhouse, implement step and include that cultivation bed design, substrate preparation, substrate sterilization, compounding are used the Comprehensive Cultural with Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and managed.The cultivation bed of the present invention uses mode of partly burying, and can save the input of material in a large number.The substrate used is divided into 2 layers, and all using slag, aerial parts substrate below earth's surface is Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag, this substrate have bigger porosity, beneficially root system breathing, extend and absorb bottom moisture and nutrient.Substrate of the present invention sterilization uses 70 DEG C of high temperature above sterilizations, and mainly killing object is masaic of tomato.Using this method cultivated tomato, decrease agriculture chemical usage amount and labour force and put into, tomato yield, carbohydrate content, Vc content has had and has increased substantially, and the present invention is practical, has good economic worth.

Description

The soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse
[technical field]
The present invention relates to cultivation technique without soil field, with soilless culture substrate, industrialized agriculture, pollution-free green food cultivation technique Closely related.
[background technology]
Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is that market demand is relatively big, nutritive value and the higher industrial crops of economic worth.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is planted in warmhouse booth, The Time To Market of reasonable adjusting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, is the effective way improving tomato planting benefit.But owing to long-term continuous cropping causes pest and disease damage tight Weight, soil part nutrient dificiency and physicochemical property deteriorate, and the decline of tomato yield and quality reduce, and use a large amount of during continuous cropping Pesticide and chemical fertilizer, the safety to food causes huge harm.Soilless culture is at gardening such as a lot of veterinary antibiotics, flowers There is substantial amounts of application on crop, can at utmost improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer, water and pesticide, reduced the harm of soil-borne disease, Thus play the raising quality of agricultural product, yield and the effect of safety.But during outdoor soilless culture, rainwater, air band The solid meeting of growth of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is caused significant impact by the disease and the insect pest that come.
In order to realize providing to market in the anniversary high-quality, safety eat Fructus Lycopersici esculenti raw, need to solve 2 major issues, one be solve big The problem of soil deterioration in canopy greenhouse production Fructus Lycopersici esculenti soil-borne disease insect pest and greenhouse;Two is to solve outdoor soilless culture nature to exist Pest and disease damage problem, the problem of the nutrient loss that excessive rainfall causes.The application there is not yet identical technical scheme report before proposing Lead.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention provides the soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in a kind of greenhouse, combines the advantage of greenhouse production and the advantage of soilless culture, Significantly improve tomato planting yield, mouthfeel, quality and safety.Technical scheme is as follows:
In a kind of greenhouse, the soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, comprises the steps:
(1). by the prepartion of land in warmhouse booth, and it is compacted compress soil, then uses the partly mode of burying to excavate cultivation bed, Cultivation bed excavating depth under earth's surface is 20-30cm, and wide 40-50cm, depending on the length of cultivation bed is according to the concrete size in greenhouse; Reserving the aisle of 50cm between the most adjacent 2 cultivation beds, spread waterproof cloth in cultivation bed, waterproof cloth is close to cell wall, in cultivation The edge of groove is spread solid clay brick and is formed the height exposing earth's surface;
(2). carry out disinfection in warmhouse booth sterilization, after first using dichlorvos 1kg and 5-10kg sawdust to be sufficiently mixed according to every mu It is spread to surface, aisle, disinfecting time 12-24 hour;The Caulis et Folium Oryzae that 4-5kg is dried is layered on ground again, and sawdust 5kg tiles Caulis et Folium Oryzae Above, topmost place sulfur 1kg, after closing warmhouse booth door and vent, light Caulis et Folium Oryzae and fumigate 12-24 hour;
(3). carry out disinfection sterilization to Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag and slag matrix, substrate is wrapped up respectively with thin film, stacks 7-10 days, heap Put period substrate temperature and reach 70 DEG C, major part fungal disease and Disease can be killed;
(4) on cultivation bed inner waterproofing cloth, particle volume, is filled up less than 1cm3Slag, then fill out the fermentation of 18-20cm thickness Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag, by weight Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag and slag ratio are 1:1.5, and lay drip irrigation zone 1-2 bar in stromal surface;
(5), tomato seeds soak after 2 days water planting 20-25 days in husky base, the height of tomato seedling reaches 8cm highly Field planting;
(6) by tomato seedling by spacing in the rows 60cm, the specification of line-spacing 30cm is planted in cultivation bed, every mu of 1800-2000 strain, and Putting up support, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, in good time flower and fruit thinning, uses the drip irrigation system being equipped with to implement water Fertilizer nutrition liquid irrigation, when Relative water content is less than 45%, carries out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation 5-8 minute, Relative water content Stop more than 80% irrigating;
(7) tomato growth period management, to prevent and treat epidemic disease, virosis, uses low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating seedling stage;One month Fructus Lycopersici esculenti After starting to bear fruit, focusing on powdery mildew and pest control, use biological pesticide to carry out worm preventing and treating, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height grows to 80-120cm, Carrying out putting climing, seedling stage should increase nitrogen application in right amount, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
Described warmhouse booth more than height 2.5m, warmhouse booth vent and door install fly net;Warmhouse booth surrounding soil dry Dry, there is gutter.
Described slag is the slag that coal-burning boiler produces, and slag pulverizes the fritter for diameter 0.7-1.3cm;Fermentation Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag Be by broken for needle mushroom ground-slag, tiling after spray water to mushroom slag surface wettability, pile fermentation 25-30 days at normal temperatures.
Described waterproof cloth width 1-2m.
The solid clay brick of cultivation bed edge a size of 240 × 120 × 60mm, the edge layer overlay at cultivation bed is solid viscous Cob brick, covers solid clay brick block upper surface by waterproof cloth to surrounding stretching, then adds 2 layers of solid clay brick by waterproof cloth compression.
Dropper system described in step (6) uses electronic suction pump or diesel engine to provide pressure irrigation water fertilizer nutrition liquid for power.
Described liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution and use as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate (3~7kg)+ammonium nitrate (2~6kg)+potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5~1.5kg)+sulphuric acid Magnesium (2~8kg)+boric acid 15g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free tap water 5000kg;
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate (8~20kg)+potassium nitrate (3~10kg)+boric acid 15g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg;
Nutritional solution a and nutritional solution b is used alternatingly, and seedling stage suitably heightens the ratio of ammonium nitrate, fruiting period suitably heighten potassium sulfate and The ratio of potassium nitrate.
The cultivation bed of the present invention uses mode of partly burying, and can save the input of material in a large number.The substrate used is divided into 2 layers, ground All using slag below table, aerial parts substrate is Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag, this substrate have bigger porosity, beneficially root system breathing, Moisture bottom extension and absorption and nutrient.Substrate of the present invention sterilization uses the sterilization of 70 DEG C of high temperature above, mainly kill object for kind Flos Solani Melongenae leaf disease.Use the method cultivated tomato of the present invention, decrease agriculture chemical usage amount and labour force puts into, tomato yield, Carbohydrate content and Vc content have had and have increased substantially, and this invention is practical, has good economic worth.
[detailed description of the invention]
Various embodiments of the present invention comprise the steps:
The design of cultivation bed: warmhouse booth more than height 2.5m, warmhouse booth vent and door install fly net;Warmhouse booth four All antecedent soil moistures, have gutter.First by prepartion of land in warmhouse booth, and it is compacted compress soil.Excavation cultivation bed, plants Training groove uses mode of partly burying, and under earth's surface, excavating depth is 20-30cm, the groove of wide 40-50cm, and the length of groove is according to greenhouse Depending on concrete size;The aisle of 50cm is reserved between the most adjacent 2 cultivation beds.Waterproof cloth, waterproof cloth width is spread in cultivation bed Degree 1-2m, waterproof cloth is close to cell wall, is filled up particle volume less than 1cm in waterproof cloth3Slag.Spread at the edge of cultivation bed One layer of solid clay brick increases the height of groove, and solid clay brick size: 240 × 120 × 60mm, by waterproof cloth to surrounding stretching lid Live fragment of brick upper surface, and add 2 layers of solid clay brick again by waterproof cloth compression.Thickness 18-20cm is filled out in exposing the cultivation bed on earth's surface Fermentation Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag is aerial parts substrate, and Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag and slag are 1:1.5 by weight proportion, and laying is dripped on substrate Fill band 1-2 bar.Carry out disinfection sterilization with substrate in warmhouse booth afterwards;The sterilization of disease pest in the 6-7 month carries out greenhouse, often Year is once.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti seedling selects high yield, disease-resistant, fruit type uniform one dimensional infinite wall Fructus Lycopersici esculenti breeding, carries out planting without soil before transplanting Cultivate Seedling.
Example one:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and warmhouse booth
Selecting high yield Fructus Pyracanthae tomato variety ruby seed to soak 2 days, water planting 20-25 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of Seedling reaches Field planting is highly got final product to 8cm.First dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust is used to be sufficiently mixed and be spread to away according to every mu in warmhouse booth Road, disinfecting time 12 hours.The Caulis et Folium Oryzae that 5kg is dried is layered on ground again, and sawdust 5kg tiles above Caulis et Folium Oryzae, topmost puts Put sulfur 1kg, after closing door and vent, light Caulis et Folium Oryzae and fumigate 12 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
In booth after abundant sterilization and disinsection processes, in cultivation bed, substrate is after 70 DEG C of high-temperature process 7-10 days, by spacing in the rows The specification field planting of 60cm, line-spacing 30cm, about every mu of 2000 strains, and puts up support, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses and goes alone pruning technique, extracts Side shoot, in good time flower and fruit thinning.
3, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute;Relative water content Stop more than 80% irrigating.Nutritional solution a and nutritional solution b is used alternatingly, and prevents the calcium nitrate applied by biphosphate Potassium fixating; Seedling stage should increase nitrogen application in right amount, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) liquid manure in seedling stage ratio of nutrient solution is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 3kg+ ammonium nitrate 6kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg+ magnesium sulfate 6kg+ boric acid 10g+ sulphuric acid Manganese 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free certainly Water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 10kg+ potassium nitrate 4kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulphuric acid Zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
3.5kg+ ammonium nitrate 5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 6kg+ is pollution-free from the beginning for nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate Water 5000kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g +EDTA700g;
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 10kg+ potassium nitrate 6kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulphuric acid Zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
4, tomato cultivation management
Seedling stage, to prevent and treat epidemic disease, virosis, uses low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating;After one month Fructus Lycopersici esculenti starts to bear fruit, focus on white lead Disease and pest control, use biological pesticide to carry out worm preventing and treating, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti collecting time about 100 days.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height during management Grow to 80-120cm, carry out putting climing, reduce Fructus Lycopersici esculenti aerial parts branch height.
Example two:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and warmhouse booth
Selecting high yield Fructus Pyracanthae tomato variety Baily to be good for seed to soak 2 days, water planting 20 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of Seedling reaches 8cm gets final product field planting.First in warmhouse booth, every mu of use dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust are sufficiently mixed and are spread to aisle, during sterilization Between 15 hours.The Caulis et Folium Oryzae that 5kg is dried is layered on ground again, and sawdust 5kg tiles above Caulis et Folium Oryzae, topmost places sulfur 1kg, After closing door and vent, light Caulis et Folium Oryzae and fumigate 15 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
In booth after abundant sterilization and disinsection processes, in cultivation bed, substrate was through 70 DEG C of high-temperature process 7 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm, The specification field planting of line-spacing 35cm, about every mu of 1800 strains, and puts up support, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, Flower and fruit thinning in good time.
3, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute;Relative water content Stop more than 80% irrigating.Nutritional solution a and nutritional solution b is used alternatingly;Seedling stage should increase nitrogen application in right amount, and fruiting period should increase Add potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) liquid manure in seedling stage ratio of nutrient solution is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 5kg+ ammonium nitrate 7kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 8g+ sulphuric acid Manganese 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free certainly Water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 12kg+ potassium nitrate 3kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulphuric acid Zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 6kg+ ammonium nitrate 6kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 15g+ sulphuric acid Manganese 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free certainly Water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 16kg+ potassium nitrate 5kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulfur Acid zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
4, tomato cultivation management
Seedling stage, to prevent and treat epidemic disease, virosis, uses low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating;After one month Fructus Lycopersici esculenti starts to bear fruit, focus on white lead Disease and pest control, use biological pesticide to carry out worm preventing and treating, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti collecting time about 120 days.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height during management Grow to about 100cm, carry out putting climing, reduce Fructus Lycopersici esculenti aerial parts branch height.
Example three:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and warmhouse booth
Selecting high yield Fructus Pyracanthae tomato variety red Baily seed to soak 2 days, water planting 20 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of Seedling reaches 8-10cm gets final product field planting.First in warmhouse booth, dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust are sufficiently mixed and are spread to aisle, disinfecting time 24 Hour;The Caulis et Folium Oryzae that 5kg is dried is layered on ground again, and sawdust 5kg tiles above Caulis et Folium Oryzae, topmost places sulfur 1kg, closes After door and vent, light Caulis et Folium Oryzae and fumigate 24 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
In booth after abundant sterilization and disinsection processes, in cultivation bed, substrate is after 70 DEG C of high-temperature process 7 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm, The specification field planting of line-spacing 30cm, about every mu of 1800 strains, and puts up support, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot And extract sick fruit and fruit thinning in time, and fix setting fruit position, prevent branch from fractureing.
3, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, depending on irrigation time is according to water content of substrate, one As be 5-8 minute, using electronic suction pump is power;Relative water content is irrigated more than 80% stopping.Nutritional solution a and nutrition Liquid b is used alternatingly;Seedling stage should increase nitrogen application in right amount, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) liquid manure in seedling stage ratio of nutrient solution is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: the potassium sulfate 4.5kg+ ammonium nitrate 7kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg+ pollution-free tap water of magnesium sulfate 6kg+ 5000kg+ boric acid 10g+ manganese sulfate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g + EDTA700g+ is pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 14kg+ potassium nitrate 5kg+ boric acid 10g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulphuric acid Zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 400g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 7kg+ ammonium nitrate 5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 15g+ sulfur Manganese 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free in acid Tap water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 14kg+ potassium nitrate 8kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulfur Acid zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 400g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
4, tomato cultivation management
After one month Fructus Lycopersici esculenti starts to bear fruit, focus on gray mold and pest control, use 60% carbendazol wettable powder preventing and treating grey mold Disease, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti collecting time 100-120 days.During management, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height grows to about 90-110cm, by base portion tendril around cyclization Shape carries out putting climing above substrate.
Example four:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and warmhouse booth
Selecting high yield Fructus Pyracanthae tomato variety Bruno Canino seed to soak 1 day, water planting 25 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of Seedling reaches 8cm gets final product field planting;First in warmhouse booth, every mu of aisle uses dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust mixture to carry out disinfection, sterilization 24 hours time;The Caulis et Folium Oryzae that 5kg is dried is layered on ground again, and sawdust 5kg tiles above Caulis et Folium Oryzae, topmost places sulfur 1kg, After closing door and vent, light Caulis et Folium Oryzae and fumigate 24 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
In booth after abundant sterilization and disinsection processes, in cultivation bed, substrate is after about 70 DEG C high-temperature process 8 days, by spacing in the rows The specification field planting of 60cm, line-spacing 30cm, about every mu of 2000 strains, and puts up support, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses and goes alone pruning technique, extracts Side shoot, in good time flower and fruit thinning.
3, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute;Relative water content Stop more than 80% irrigating.Nutritional solution a and nutritional solution b rotation use, and prevent calcium nitrate by biphosphate Potassium fixating;Seedling stage should Increasing nitrogen application in right amount, fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) liquid manure in seedling stage ratio of nutrient solution is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 4.5kg+ ammonium nitrate 6.5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 6kg+ boric acid 10g + manganese sulfate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ without Pollute tap water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 12kg+ potassium nitrate 6kg+ boric acid 10g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulphuric acid Zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 600g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: the potassium sulfate 6kg+ ammonium nitrate 5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg+ pollution-free tap water of magnesium sulfate 6kg+ 5000kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulfate 15g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+ EDTA700g;
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 10kg+ potassium nitrate 8kg+ boric acid 15g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulphuric acid Zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 600g+EDTA700g.
4, tomato cultivation management
Seedling stage, to prevent and treat epidemic disease, virosis, uses low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating;After one month Fructus Lycopersici esculenti starts to bear fruit, focus on white lead Disease and pest control, use biological pesticide to carry out worm preventing and treating, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti collecting time about 90-120 days.Tomato strain during management Height grows to 80-100cm, carries out putting climing, reduces Fructus Lycopersici esculenti aerial parts branch height.
Example five:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and booth
Selecting steamed dumpling with pork, mushrooms and bamboo shoots tomato variety Hawaii seed to soak 2 days, water planting 25 days on Sha Ji afterwards, it is high that the height of Seedling reaches 8cm Degree gets final product field planting.First in warmhouse booth, every mu of aisle uses dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust mixture to carry out disinfection, during sterilization Between 12 hours;The Caulis et Folium Oryzae that 5kg is dried is layered on ground again, and sawdust 5kg tiles above Caulis et Folium Oryzae, topmost places sulfur 1kg, After closing door and vent, light Caulis et Folium Oryzae and fumigate 12 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
In booth after abundant sterilization and disinsection processes, in cultivation bed, substrate is after 70 DEG C of high-temperature process 9 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm, The specification field planting of line-spacing 35cm, about every mu of 1800 strains, and puts up support, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, Flower and fruit thinning in good time.
3, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute;Relative water content Stop more than 80% irrigating.Nutritional solution a and nutritional solution b is used alternatingly;Seedling stage should increase nitrogen application in right amount, and fruiting period should increase Add potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) liquid manure in seedling stage ratio of nutrient solution is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 5kg+ ammonium nitrate 7kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 8g+ sulphuric acid Manganese 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free certainly Water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 14kg+ potassium nitrate 4kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulphuric acid Zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 7kg+ ammonium nitrate 6kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 12g+ sulfur Manganese 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free in acid Tap water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 16kg+ potassium nitrate 7kg+ boric acid 12g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulfur Acid zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
4, tomato cultivation management
Seedling stage, to prevent and treat epidemic disease, virosis, uses low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating;After one month Fructus Lycopersici esculenti starts to bear fruit, focus on white lead Disease and pest control, use biological pesticide to carry out worm preventing and treating, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti collecting time about 100 days.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height during management Grow to about 90cm, carry out putting climing, reduce Fructus Lycopersici esculenti aerial parts branch height.
Example six:
1, disinfection in tomato seedling and warmhouse booth
Selecting steamed dumpling with pork, mushrooms and bamboo shoots tomato variety nova fifth-seeded to soak 2 days, water planting 20 days on Sha Ji afterwards, the height of Seedling reaches 8cm Highly get final product field planting.While nursery, in warmhouse booth, every mu of aisle uses dichlorvos 1kg and 5kg sawdust mixture to disappear Poison, disinfecting time 24 hours;And sterilize in booth: the Caulis et Folium Oryzae that 5kg is dried first is layered on ground, and sawdust 5kg tiles rice Above grass, topmost place sulfur 1kg, after closing door and vent, light Caulis et Folium Oryzae and fumigate 24 hours.
2, tomato seedling field planting
In booth after abundant sterilization and disinsection processes, in cultivation bed, substrate is after 70 DEG C of high-temperature process 9 days, by spacing in the rows 60cm, The specification field planting of line-spacing 35cm, about every mu of 1800 strains, and puts up support, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses goes alone pruning technique, extracts side shoot, Flower and fruit thinning in good time.
3, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti water and fertilizer management
When Relative water content is less than 45%, carry out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, irrigation time 5-8 minute;Relative water content Stop more than 80% irrigating.Nutritional solution a and nutritional solution b is used alternatingly;Seedling stage should increase nitrogen application in right amount, and fruiting period should increase Add potash fertilizer usage amount.
(1) liquid manure in seedling stage ratio of nutrient solution is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 5kg+ ammonium nitrate 7kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulfate 11g+ ammonium molybdate 0.15g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free from the beginning Water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 14kg+ potassium nitrate 4kg+ boric acid 8g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulphuric acid Zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
(2) fruiting period liquid manure nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 7kg+ ammonium nitrate 5kg+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg+ magnesium sulfate 5kg+ boric acid 14g+ sulfur Manganese 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ zinc sulfate 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ is pollution-free in acid Tap water 5000kg.
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 16kg+ potassium nitrate 7kg+ boric acid 14g+ manganese sulfate 10g+ ammonium molybdate 0.1g+ sulfur Acid zinc 1g+ copper sulfate 0.4g+ iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+ pollution-free tap water 5000kg.
4, tomato cultivation management
Seedling stage, to prevent and treat epidemic disease, virosis, uses low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating;After one month Fructus Lycopersici esculenti starts to bear fruit, focus on white lead Disease and pest control, use biological pesticide to carry out worm preventing and treating, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti collecting time about 100 days.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height during management Grow to about 90cm, carry out putting climing, reduce Fructus Lycopersici esculenti aerial parts branch height, after fruit is all gathered, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti stubble is removed, Environmental treatment away from greenhouse.In warmhouse booth, in soilless culture cultivation and greenhouse, the comparison of red soil cultivation effect is shown in Table 1.

Claims (6)

1. the soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in a greenhouse, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1), by the prepartion of land in warmhouse booth, and being compacted compress soil, then use the partly mode of burying to excavate cultivation bed, cultivation bed excavating depth under earth's surface is 20-30cm, and wide 40-50cm, depending on the length of cultivation bed is according to the concrete size in greenhouse;Reserving the aisle of 50cm between the most adjacent 2 cultivation beds, spread waterproof cloth in cultivation bed, waterproof cloth is close to cell wall, spreads solid clay brick in the edge of cultivation bed and forms the height exposing earth's surface;
(2), carry out disinfection in warmhouse booth sterilization, first uses dichlorvos 1kg and 5-10kg sawdust to be spread to surface, aisle, disinfecting time 12-24 hour after being sufficiently mixed according to every mu;The Caulis et Folium Oryzae that 4-5kg is dried is layered on ground again, and sawdust 5kg tiles above Caulis et Folium Oryzae, topmost places sulfur 1kg, after closing warmhouse booth door and vent, lights Caulis et Folium Oryzae and fumigate 12-24 hour;
(3), to Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag and slag matrix carry out disinfection sterilization, substrate is wrapped up respectively with thin film, stacks 7-10 days, and during stacking, substrate temperature reaches 70 DEG C, can kill major part fungal disease and Disease;
(4) on cultivation bed inner waterproofing cloth, particle volume, is filled up less than 1cm3Slag, then filling out the fermentation Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag of 18-20cm thickness, by weight Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag and slag ratio is 1:1.5, and lays drip irrigation zone 1-2 bar in stromal surface;
(5), tomato seeds soak after 2 days water planting 20-25 days in husky base, the height of tomato seedling reaches the highly i.e. field planting of 8cm;
(6) by tomato seedling by spacing in the rows 60cm, the specification of line-spacing 30cm is planted in cultivation bed, every mu of 1800-2000 strain, and put up support, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti uses and goes alone pruning technique, extract side shoot, flower and fruit thinning in good time, uses the drip irrigation system being equipped with to implement liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation, when Relative water content is less than 45%, carrying out liquid manure nutrition liquid irrigation 5-8 minute, Relative water content is irrigated more than 80% stopping;
Described liquid manure nutritional solution includes that nutritional solution a and nutritional solution b, nutritional solution a and nutritional solution b are used alternatingly, and seedling stage suitably heightens the ratio of ammonium nitrate, and fruiting period suitably heightens the ratio of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate;Liquid manure ratio of nutrient solution is as follows:
Nutritional solution a: potassium sulfate 3~7kg+ammonium nitrate 2~6kg+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5~1.5kg+magnesium sulfate 2~8kg+boric acid 15g+manganese sulfate 10g + ammonium molybdate 0.1g+zinc sulfate 1g+copper sulfate 0.4g+iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+pollution-free tap water 5000kg;
Nutritional solution b: calcium nitrate 8~20kg+potassium nitrate 3~10kg+boric acid 15g+manganese sulfate 10g+ammonium molybdate 0.1g + zinc sulfate 1g+copper sulfate 0.4g+iron sulfate 500g+EDTA700g+pollution-free tap water 5000kg;
(7) tomato growth period management, to prevent and treat epidemic disease, virosis, uses low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating seedling stage;After one month Fructus Lycopersici esculenti starts to bear fruit, focusing on powdery mildew and pest control, use biological pesticide to carry out worm preventing and treating, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height grows to 80-120cm, carries out putting climing, and seedling stage should increase nitrogen application, and fruiting period should increase potash fertilizer usage amount.
The most according to claim 1, the soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse, it is characterised in that warmhouse booth more than height 2.5m, warmhouse booth vent and door install fly net;Warmhouse booth surrounding antecedent soil moisture, has gutter.
The most according to claim 1, the soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse, it is characterised in that described slag is the slag that coal-burning boiler produces, slag pulverizes the fritter for diameter 0.7-1.3 cm;Fermentation Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag be by broken for needle mushroom ground-slag, tiling after spray water to mushroom slag surface wettability, pile fermentation 25-30 days at normal temperatures.
The soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described waterproof cloth width 1-2m.
The soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the solid clay brick of cultivation bed edge a size of 240 × 120 × 60mm, edge layer overlay solid clay brick at cultivation bed, waterproof cloth is covered solid clay brick block upper surface to surrounding stretching, then adds 2 layers of solid clay brick by waterproof cloth compression.
The soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the drip irrigation system described in step (6) uses electronic suction pump or diesel engine to provide pressure irrigation water fertilizer nutrition liquid for power.
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