Summary of the invention
the invention provides the color leaf of a kind of bull and view and admire the artificial culturing method of moulding bonsai tree, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, it can effectively solve the current single problem of gold leaf elm kind form.
technical scheme of the present invention realizes by following measures: the color leaf of a kind of bull is viewed and admired the artificial culturing method of moulding bonsai tree, carries out in the steps below:
the first step, digs tree well: select planting site, ridge, do furrow on the planting site of choosing, dig tree well on plot of land;
second step, select seedling: select that bark is smooth, growing way is vigorous, side shoot is many, branching-point is low, there is no damage by disease and insect, there is no mechanical damage, nursery and the superseded American elm of engineering be as stock, complete stock field planting in late October, the stock soil ball that digging root system is complete, the diameter of stock soil ball is 8 times to 10 times of the stock diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground;
the 3rd step, field planting, plantation: select diameter, than the container of the large 30cm to 50cm of the native bulb diameter of stock, stock soil ball is carried out to field planting, be sprinkled at the container bottom of choosing the earth's surface mellow soil that 10cm to 20cm is thick, first stock soil ball put into container, then will in container, fill up with mellow soil, tamping, then the container that is placed with stock soil ball is put into tree well, then container periphery is filled up to righting, tamping, waters after filling with root with taking root liquid;
the 4th step, grafting: carry out grafting in the last ten-days period in April to mid-April after the slow seedling of Second Year stock in spring survives, grafting time standby cut-grafting method carry out the scion of grafting gold leaf elm, limb unnecessary stock is all wiped out, the trunk of continuing to employ and side shoot block in the position of design height, in grafting process, the otch wound of stock trunk or side shoot is greater than the incision of 1.5cm and smears wound healing spirit;
the 5th step, field management operation: after grafting through normal bud picking, except sprouting, the scion of gold leaf elm survives and bag will be ventilated, be put to initial stage of growing, in the time that growing to 15cm to 20cm, young sprout carries out pinching, when pruning, constantly remove apical dominance, pinching, prune and promote that crown type is plentiful, the gold leaf elm scion branch of new grafting is cultivated into discoid, trees are carried out desinsection, diseases prevention, topdress, loosen the soil and weeding operates;
the 6th step, be shaped into tree: the nursery stock after grafting through desinsection, the diseases prevention of a growth cycle, topdress, loosen the soil, after weeding, pinching, traction and cut operation, impel the scion of gold leaf elm according to the direction growth and shaping of design appearance requirement, then on the appearance basis of the previous year, continue to trees carry out desinsection, diseases prevention, topdress, loosen the soil, weeding, pinching, traction and cut operation, the color leaf of bull that can obtain designing requirement is viewed and admired moulding bonsai tree.
the further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical scheme below:
planting site in the above-mentioned first step is selected in the nursery lot that physical features is smooth, have irrigation conditions, after nursery lot is chosen, to the first spraying herbicide of soil and grass seeds inhibitor, then to soil deeply plough, rotary tillage, rake, sterilization, desinsection process operation; Or/and the spacing in the rows between the tree well digging on planting site is that 2.5m, line-spacing are 3m, the diameter of tree well is than the large 30cm to 50cm of diameter of stock original soil ball, and tree well diameter is unanimous between the higher and lower levels, and the degree of depth of tree well is greater than the 20cm to 30cm of stock original soil bulb diameter; Or/and, the high 30cm in the ridge, the wide 3m of furrow.
in above-mentioned second step, be that the tree root incision that wound diameter is greater than 1.5cm is smeared wound healing spirit at the stock soil napiform root of digging, with straw rope, the stock soil ball digging out is tied up to real requirement according to tighten and carry out colligation, colligation straw rope used was first put into thimerosal and is soaked before carrying out colligation.
in above-mentioned the 4th step when grafting, first by the scion of gold leaf elm from apart from the nearest back side, bud position of lower cut, reach xylem to inscribe with grafting knife, down-cutting immediately cuts into the long bevel of the long 2cm to 3cm of tangent plane on earth, be whittled into upper cut to little inclined-plane that lower cut distance is 0.8cm to 1cm at its back side end, by each that selects on stock to continue to employ, do in the position of design height and block, otch is scabbled, with grafting knife at slightly xylem of stock both sides, on cross section, cut vertically downward, dark 2cm to 3cm, then will cut the long bevel of gold leaf elm in the slope scion and insert inwards stock otch, making both sides form layer aligning connects airtight, the degree of depth that the scion of gold leaf elm is inserted is that 0.2cm to 0.3cm is exposed in gold leaf elm scion bevel upper end, if stock otch is wide, aim at and form layer on one side, then tie up from bottom to top closely with plastic tape, making to form layer connects airtight, then put bagging colligation consolidation again, after the cutter using in grafting process soaks in thimerosal, airing operates again, grafting personnel's hand also soaks and operates a little in thimerosal.
gold leaf elm scion in above-mentioned the 4th step from robust growth, the gold leaf elm bearing tree that best in quality, proterties is stable, choose in tree crown, top peripheral grow enrich, sprout is full, do the scion of gold leaf elm without damage by disease and insect, the annual gold leaf elm branch that has no mechanical damage.
in above-mentioned second step, digging is watered to selected stock the last week; Or/and, in the time that being 2cm to 7cm, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of stock select soft nonwoven tree planting bag as container, and in the time that being 8cm to 30cm, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of stock select the control root device of hard as container.
in the above-mentioned first step, the diameter of the tree well that digs is the tree well that 85cm, the degree of depth are 65cm; Second step selects in seedling, and to select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground be 8cm bark is smooth, growing way is vigorous, side shoot is many, branching-point is low, there is no damage by disease and insect, there is no mechanical damage, nursery and the superseded American elm of engineering be as stock, and the native bulb diameter of the stock of digging is 65cm; In the 3rd step field planting, selected depth is that 65cm, the diameter control root device that is 80cm is as container, be sprinkled at the container bottom of choosing the earth's surface mellow soil that 15cm is thick, when plantation, by container periphery fill up, after righting, tamping, stock trunk is done to gusseted, then water taking root liquid and carry out root irrigation, and water.
the present invention is by using different planting technologies and grafting method set, make full use of American elm stock tree crown skeleton joint many, the tree crown fast feature that is shaped, mode by the grafting of cut-grafting method combines the two advantage of American elm and gold leaf elm, and the way that greatly shortens cultivation period is to reach the object of Quick-forming, the color leaf of bull that reaches shape design requirement is viewed and admired moulding bonsai tree, it is a kind of a kind of breeding method that the utilization of American elm and gold leaf elm and ornamental value are improved greatly, and by the production of industrialization, meet the demand in market, and graft survival rate of the present invention reaches 90% to 95%, transplanting survival rate reaches 100%, the incidence of disease of leaf-curl can reduce more than 85%, simultaneously, the inventive method is easy to learn, easily operation, saving resource cost is low, be easy to be extended and applied.
Embodiment
the present invention is not subject to the restriction of following embodiment, can determine concrete embodiment according to technical scheme of the present invention and actual conditions.
below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
embodiment 1, the color leaf of this bull is viewed and admired the artificial culturing method of moulding bonsai tree, carries out in the steps below:
the first step, digs tree well: select planting site, ridge, do furrow on the planting site of choosing, dig tree well on plot of land;
second step, select seedling: select that bark is smooth, growing way is vigorous, side shoot is many, branching-point is low, there is no damage by disease and insect, there is no mechanical damage, nursery and the superseded American elm of engineering be as stock, complete stock field planting in late October, the stock soil ball that digging root system is complete, the diameter of stock soil ball is 8 times to 10 times of the stock diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground; Before digging, will first scalp the loosened soil of topsoil surface 10cm to 15cm, stock soil ball will scrape out taper shape, digs tree instrument sharp, can not cause tree root to tear, and tree root otch requires smooth;
the 3rd step, field planting, plantation: select diameter, than the container of the large 30cm to 50cm of the native bulb diameter of stock, stock soil ball is carried out to field planting, be sprinkled at the container bottom of choosing the earth's surface mellow soil that 10cm to 20cm is thick, first stock soil ball put into container, then will in container, fill up with mellow soil, tamping, then the container that is placed with stock soil ball is put into tree well, then container periphery is filled up to righting, tamping, waters after filling with root with taking root liquid, stock uses container pack plantation in the time of field planting, can effectively promote the development and growth of lateral root system, improve the transplanting success of product, and break general planting method for the seasonal restriction of tree grafting growth, can be suitable for the spring, summer, autumn soil is not any time transplanted and is planted between freezing season, greatly extend the time of Landscape Construction, facilitate plantation, taking root liquid is the product that market is bought, being diluted by the dosage of the description of product and proportioning, the taking root liquid of buying from market carries out root irrigation, when cast, with the bucket with mouth, the liquid preparing is watered all along outer one circle of stock soil ball, because stock soil ball is to be planted in container, digging at any time, transplanting, broken traditional cultivation method for the restriction in season, and be with container to transplant simultaneously and do not hinder root system, slow seedling after transplanting, product transplanting survival rate can reach 100%, stock waters first normal root water immediately after planting, attention must irrigate, after entering ground, people checks immediately root soil gap situation, earthing as timely in apertured need tamps, after 7 days, water normal root water for the second time, after 15 days, water normal root water for the third time, before normal root water, first water for the third time a taking root liquid and rewater,
the 4th step, grafting: carry out grafting in the last ten-days period in April to mid-April after the slow seedling of Second Year stock in spring survives, grafting time standby cut-grafting method carry out the scion of grafting gold leaf elm, limb unnecessary stock is all wiped out, the trunk of continuing to employ and side shoot block in the position of design height, in grafting process, the otch wound of stock trunk or side shoot is greater than the incision of 1.5cm and smears wound healing spirit; Wound healing spirit is the wound one brush healing spirit that Ping An gardens, Zhengzhou, henan city plant protection technical research institute sells, before grafting, within 5-7 days, to first water one time water, promote resin to flow, be beneficial to and survive, stop the quantity of grafting head before grafting by the requirement of design according to American elm elite tree body size and branch situation, generally be advisable with odd number, wipe out unnecessary limb, and wound is carried out to conservation treatment, scion adopts this small-branch mode of sprig that retains one section of 2 bud to 3 bud to surviving providing safeguard of rear current increment, to promote Quick-forming;
the 5th step, field management operation: after grafting through normal bud picking, except sprouting, promote surviving and growing of scion, within after grafting 7 days to 10 days, observe it and survive situation, gold leaf elm scion viridescent, bud bud bulging survive, and mend and connect in time for the gold leaf elm scion not surviving, front inspection in February after grafting is except sprouting work circulation in every 10 days to 15 days, later, along with the surviving and grow gradually rapidly of scion, rudiment meeting reduces gradually, but should ensure in time except sprouting, the scion of gold leaf elm survives and bag will be ventilated, be put to initial stage of growing, observing in the scion of gold leaf elm has sprouting to send, and while reaching half exhibition leaf state, on plastic sack, prick in time several apertures with awl, so that aeration-cooling, through 5 days to 8 days, plastic sack can be removed after having 3 to 5 young leaves to launch completely, while generally approaching in the afternoon at dusk, carry out, to avoid the high light tender shoots of burning, in the time that growing to 15cm to 20cm, young sprout carries out pinching, promote sprouting and the growth of side shoot, when pruning, constantly remove apical dominance, pinching, prune and promote that crown type is plentiful, the gold leaf elm scion branch of new grafting is cultivated into discoid or hemispherical, note the timely removal of sending if any coppice shoot simultaneously, trees are carried out to desinsection, diseases prevention, topdress, loosen the soil and weeding operation, impel nursery stock Fast Growth, generally every two weeks waters water one time, in case of arid or rainy weather can shorten or extend watering time according to soil moisture content, " do not do and do not water but should follow, water and irrigate " principle, be the rapid phase of seedling growth June to July, impose 1 time to 2 times foliage fertilizer and promote Fast Growth, regularly loosen the soil simultaneously, weeding, keep loosing soil to be beneficial to the Fast Growth of trees without weeds, want the insect pest of keypoint control to have spring looper, bark beetle, aphid, want the disease of keypoint control to have rot and leaf-curl,
the 6th step, be shaped into tree: the nursery stock after grafting is at the desinsection through a growth cycle, diseases prevention, topdress, loosen the soil, weeding, pinching, after traction and cut operation, impel the scion of gold leaf elm according to the direction growth and shaping of design appearance requirement, then on the appearance basis of the previous year, continue trees to carry out desinsection, diseases prevention, topdress, loosen the soil, weeding, pinching, traction and cut operation, the color leaf of bull that can reach designing requirement is viewed and admired moulding bonsai tree effect, along with the continuous growth of gold leaf elm scion after grafting survival, through frequent pinching, promote the growth of side shoot to fill the space of full shaping loop, again through traction for a long time, after pruning, finally make the scion of gold leaf elm according to the direction growth and shaping of design appearance requirement, next year continues trees to carry out desinsection on the appearance basis of the previous year, diseases prevention, topdress, loosen the soil, weeding, pinching, traction and cut operation, the color leaf of bull that can obtain designing requirement is viewed and admired moulding bonsai tree.
embodiment 2, the planting site in the first step is selected in the nursery lot that physical features is smooth, have irrigation conditions, after nursery lot is chosen, to the first spraying herbicide of soil and grass seeds inhibitor, then to soil deeply plough, rotary tillage, rake, sterilization, desinsection process operation; Or/and the spacing in the rows between the tree well digging on planting site is that 2.5m, line-spacing are 3m, the diameter of tree well is than the large 30cm to 50cm of diameter of stock original soil ball, and tree well diameter is unanimous between the higher and lower levels, and the degree of depth of tree well is greater than the 20cm to 30cm of stock original soil bulb diameter; Or/and, the high 30cm in the ridge, the wide 3m of furrow.
embodiment 3, in second step, be that the tree root incision that wound diameter is greater than 1.5cm is smeared wound healing spirit at the stock soil napiform root of digging, wound healing spirit is the wound one brush healing spirit that Ping An gardens, Zhengzhou, henan city plant protection technical research institute sells, with straw rope, the stock soil ball digging out is tied up to real requirement according to tighten and carry out colligation, avoid native ball cracking, colligation straw rope used was first put into thimerosal and is soaked before carrying out colligation, thimerosal is the thimerosal that tpn or carbendazim are mixed with by operation instructions, straw rope is put into thimerosal to be soaked, be conducive to reduce the generation of the stock soil ball stock root disease that mouth grows due to wound, improve stock transplanting survival rate.
embodiment 4, as above-described embodiment preferably, in the 4th step when grafting, first by the scion of gold leaf elm from apart from the nearest back side, bud position of lower cut, reach xylem to inscribe with grafting knife, down-cutting immediately cuts into the long bevel of the long 2cm to 3cm of tangent plane on earth, be whittled into upper cut to little inclined-plane that lower cut distance is 0.8cm to 1cm at its back side end, by each that selects on stock to continue to employ, do in the position of design height and block, otch is scabbled, with grafting knife at slightly xylem of stock both sides, on cross section, cut vertically downward, dark 2cm to 3cm, then will cut the long bevel of gold leaf elm in the slope scion and insert inwards stock otch, making both sides form layer aligning connects airtight, the degree of depth that the scion of gold leaf elm is inserted is that 0.2cm to 0.3cm is exposed in gold leaf elm scion bevel upper end, if stock otch is wide, aim at and form layer on one side, then tie up from bottom to top closely with plastic tape, making to form layer connects airtight, then put bagging colligation consolidation again, after the cutter using in grafting process soaks in thimerosal, airing operates again, grafting personnel's hand also soaks and operates a little in thimerosal.Adopt both sides, two fringes are mainly to the dual fail-safe in survival rate, also be conducive to amount of growth then after surviving simultaneously, when grafting, scion is cut into the long segment that remains with 2 to 3 complete full buds of 6cm to 8cm, notice that lower bud stays 2cm to 3cm long below, upper bud upper end stays 0.5cm length to be advisable, in thimerosal, soak after 10 minutes and take out, with wet cloth wrap pack in bag for subsequent use, and after the cutter for grafting process is also soaked in thimerosal, airing is used again, grafting personnel's hand also soaks and operates a little in thimerosal, thimerosal is the thimerosal that tpn or carbendazim are mixed with by operation instructions, the grafting of carrying out again after disinfecting like this, the incidence of disease of leaf-curl reduces greatly, than untreated reduction more than 80%.To take out through thimerosal scion after treatment from apart from the nearest back side, bud position of lower cut, reach xylem to inscribe with grafting knife, the downward parallel end that is cut to immediately, the long 2cm to 3cm of tangent plane, be whittled into the little inclined-plane of 0.8cm to 1cm at its back side end, make scion bottom form a flat lozenges, the graft survival rate of the grafting nursery stock operating according to the inventive method is 100%.
embodiment 5, as above-described embodiment preferably, gold leaf elm scion in the 4th step from robust growth, the gold leaf elm bearing tree that best in quality, proterties is stable, choose in tree crown, top peripheral grow enrich, sprout is full, do the scion of gold leaf elm without damage by disease and insect, the annual gold leaf elm branch that has no mechanical damage.Scion be captured in early winter trees stop growing after to early spring resin before flowing, all can carry out, scion from robust growth, the adult gold leaf elm that best in quality, proterties is stable choose in tree crown, top peripheral grow enrich, sprout is full, do scion without damage by disease and insect, the annual gold leaf elm branch that has no mechanical damage.The gold leaf elm scion of adopting is back cut into long 50cm to 60cm segment, tie up for a bundle by every 50 or 100, hang up label, indicate collecting location, time, otch soaks 10 minutes in thimerosal, and thimerosal is the thimerosal that tpn or carbendazim are mixed with by operation instructions, taking-up is dried after surface moisture, in the paraffin having dissolved in advance, scion dipping is once taken out, then inserted storage bay, buried for subsequent use with wet sand.Bury while putting first wet husky at ground paving one deck, scion is piled up by bundle, in the middle of every one deck, isolate with wet sand bed, the superiors obturage, treat can grafting time with getting with use, it is the wet cool condition of 4 DEG C to 8 DEG C that scion storage environment requires relative Kong air humidity Du≤60%, temperature, within every 10 days to 15 days, checks once; When grafting, the scion of preserving is taken out, remove top layer wax.
embodiment 6, as above-described embodiment preferably, in second step, digging is watered to selected stock the last week; Or/and, in the time that being 2cm to 7cm, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of stock select soft nonwoven tree planting bag as container, and in the time that being 8cm to 30cm, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of stock select the control root device of hard as container.
embodiment 7, as above-described embodiment preferably, view and admire moulding bonsai tree as example taking the three first prize in a lottery leaves that become to set diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm, in the first step, the diameter of the tree well that digs is the tree well that 85cm, the degree of depth are 65cm; Second step selects in seedling, and to select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground be 8cm bark is smooth, growing way is vigorous, side shoot is many, branching-point is low, there is no damage by disease and insect, there is no mechanical damage, nursery and the superseded American elm of engineering be as stock, and the native bulb diameter of the stock of digging is 65cm; In the 3rd step field planting, selected depth is that 65cm, the diameter control root device that is 80cm is as container, be sprinkled at the container bottom of choosing the earth's surface mellow soil that 15cm is thick, when plantation, by container periphery fill up, after righting, tamping, stock trunk is done to gusseted, then water taking root liquid and carry out root irrigation, and water.
the present invention can cultivate according to required diameter and the height of tree, is applicable to various greenings place, to meet the demand of different customers.
it is taking American elm as stock that the color leaf of bull of the present invention is viewed and admired moulding bonsai tree, taking gold leaf elm as scion, by different planting technologies and the set of cut-grafting method grafting method are used, make full use of American elm stock tree crown skeleton joint many, the tree crown fast feature that is shaped, compare same kind, the product of same specification, mode by grafting combines the advantage of the two, and the way that greatly shortens cultivation period is to reach the object of Quick-forming, the inventive method is to cultivate according to the appearance of design, the scion of gold leaf elm is pressed to the grafting of appearance demand in the corresponding position of American elm, and by constantly artificial pruning, the mode of shaping, the color leaf of bull that reaches shape design requirement is viewed and admired moulding bonsai tree, it is a kind of a kind of breeding method that the utilization of two kinds of trees and ornamental value are improved greatly, and by the production of industrialization, meet the demand in market, the color leaf of bull of cultivating by the inventive method is viewed and admired moulding bonsai tree and has not only been possessed other view seeds to afforesting and beautifying the conventional feature of requirement, its unique appearance can become high-grade greening, beautify one of first-selected kind of New colorful leaf appearance nursery stock product is provided, select the superseded American elm of nursery and engineering further to save resource as stock, reduce production cost, and vigorous owing to thering is vitality in the northerly environment of American elm, adaptable characteristic, again in conjunction with the reasonable operation of the inventive method, make the graft survival rate of the technology of the present invention reach 90% to 95%, transplanting survival rate reaches 100%, the incidence of disease of leaf-curl can reduce more than 85%, therefore the inventive method is easy to learn, easily operation, sapling survival rate is high, moulding is fast, be easy to be extended and applied.
above technical characterictic has formed embodiments of the invention, and it has stronger adaptability and best implementation result, can increase and decrease according to actual needs non-essential technical characterictic, meets the demand of different situations.