CN103430714B - New method for asexual propagation of hackberry - Google Patents
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- CN103430714B CN103430714B CN201310256252.6A CN201310256252A CN103430714B CN 103430714 B CN103430714 B CN 103430714B CN 201310256252 A CN201310256252 A CN 201310256252A CN 103430714 B CN103430714 B CN 103430714B
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- 235000018962 Celtis occidentalis Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 4
- 240000008444 Celtis occidentalis Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 102100040431 Activator of basal transcription 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005739 Bordeaux mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new method for asexual propagation of a hackberry. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting a nursery land; improving the nursery land; making cutting preparation work; cutting; transplanting and performing management work on cutting seedlings. The new method for the asexual propagation of the hackberry is an asexual propagation method which is adopted in the current production for the first time and fills the blank of hard wood cutting of the hackberry. The hard wood cutting method has a high rooting rate; the nursery stock cultured in the same year is strong, the degree of lignification is high, the diseases and pests are extremely few, the out-planting rate is high, the survival rate for the transplanting of the nursery stock provided for afforestation is high and the adaptability is strong. The method has the advantages of simple production process, normal cuttings, low cost, convenience in use and easiness in generalization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nursery stock vegetative propagation field, be specifically related to a kind of vegetative method of Piao Shu.
Background technology
Piao Shu is Ulmaceae Celtis deciduous tree, is distributed in our province most areas, is the distinctive indigenous tree species of our province.It is first-class commerical tree species and sight Landscape Trees preferably.Piao Pterostyrax heliophilous species, slightly resistance to the moon, water-fast wet, also there is certain drought-resistant ability.Like fertile moistening and deep neutral clayey soil, also resistance to light saline-alkali soil, deep-rootedness, well developed root system, wind resistance power is strong.Piao Shu branch is open and flat, tree crown broadness, and the green shade is thick, and autumn leaves is golden yellow, and quiet and tastefully laid out as picture, is Urban Parks, the main shade tree of garden.Have anti-cigarette, dust-fast characteristic, also has certain resistance to toxic gas, can plant in factories and miness district.
Piao Shu seedling propagation is commonly used seed propagation, existing propagation technique it can obtain that quantity is many, resistance and be easy to the nursery stock of domestication.But the strain of function admirable can not be entailed to filial generation through breeding, easily cause quality deterioration, be unfavorable for seed selection new varieties, make species can not get evolving, good strain can not get large scale application.
Existing seed collecting elite stand generally all more than 30 years, the long-term pipe that loses for various reasons, arboreal growth is aging, the seed quality of knot is not high, the Resistance of seedling of breeding is out poor, seedling growth lacks of staying power.Therefore, prior art is breeding nursery stock or inadequate only, also must adopt asexual reproduction method simultaneously, and the branch on good elite stand is obtained to the nursery stock that proterties is good through cottage propagation.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of this invention is to provide a kind of vegetative method of Piao Shu.Adopt the method for cottage propagation cultivation nursery stock, to improve nursery stock quality as means, by reducing the nursery stock incidence of disease, improve Piao Shu nursery stock form garden full scale and material hardness, improve Piao Shu maladjustment environment capacity and the constantly object of lifting of amount of growth thereby reach.
Technical scheme: in order addressing the above problem, to the invention provides a kind of vegetative method of Piao Shu, to comprise the following steps:
1) selection of nursery lot: select soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, organic matter is abundant husky mud field or light clay loam;
2) transformation of nursery lot: first high-quality decomposed manure is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, then plough deeply and bury 25 ~ 30 centimetres, use again the broken soil block of rotovator, sludge is mixed, then ditching, ridging, leveling nursery lot, nursery lot is wide 1.2～1.5 meters, long 10 ~ 12 meters, 30 ~ 35 centimetres of nursery lot ditch depths;
3) cuttage preparation: the diameter that February ~ early March gathers life in 1～2 year on the well-grown healthy and strong elite stand of life in 5 ~ 10 years is not less than the fringe bar of 1 centimetre, be cut into the cutting of 10 centimeter length, each cutting ensures 2 complete full buds, cutting upper end is 1 ~ 1.2 centimeters straight snips on bud, cutting lower end 0.3 ~ 0.5 centimetre of one-tenth miter angle below bud is tiltedly cut, after cutting shears, by 50～100 root cuttings be one be bundled into bud towards upper and lower end neat bar, then select ABT1 root-inducing powder 180 ~ 200mg/L soak 4 ~ 5 hours process;
4) cuttage: March early and middle ten days, by thin to nursery lot leveling, rake, then with hoe trench digging, 10 ~ 12 centimetres of ditch depths, seeding row spacing 10 × 20cm, in ditch, insert in turn cutting, then ridging is steady and sure, then opens successively a line ditch, be plugged a line, the cuttage of ditching again after ridging;
5) transplant: within 40 ~ 75 days after cuttage, obtain cuttage seeding, slender in idle nursery lot in plum rain season transplanting cuttage, seeding row spacing 15 × 30cm;
6) management work of cuttage seeding: the degenerate instant nitrogenousfertilizer of executing of duty in the first tenday period of a month in May, want that duty is loosened the soil, weeding, spray rapid available phosphorus potash fertilizer 2-3 time, to the sublateral shoot of sending out in cutting after autumn simultaneously, except top one bud is retained as elongated shoot, its lower each sublateral shoot all needs only to stay the pinching repeatedly of 1～2 leaf.
In described step 3), ABT1 root-inducing powder 180mg/L soaks and processes for 4 hours.
In described step 4), nursery lot is the seedbed of surface coverage one deck yellow soil.
In described step 5), transplant the water 1 time of drenching after planting, later 3 days early, evening each pouring 1 time.
In described step 6), the management work of cuttage seeding also comprises the control of damage by disease and insect.
800 times of liquid sprayings of carbendazim of 800 times of liquid of mancozeb of 80% or 50% for the control of described damage by disease and insect, when June, to spray 200-240 equivalent formula bordeaux mixture doubly every first quarter moon.
Beneficial effect: the present invention, with respect to prior art, has the following advantages:
1, the vegetative new method of Piao Shu of the present invention, is the asexual reproduction method adopting first in producing at present, and it has filled up the blank of Piao Shu cuttage.
2, its rooting rate of this hardwood cuttage method is high, and the nursery stock cultivating is then sturdy, and degree of lignification is high, and the few outplanting rate of damage by disease and insect is high, and the survival rate of transplanted seedling tree that offers afforestation is high, strong adaptability.
3, Piao Shu cuttage adopts after the method nursery stock to take root and survival rate reaches more than 96%, the annual cuttage seeding with root is transplanted survival rate and is reached more than 98%, with respect to epicormic branch cuttage and autumn its rooting rate of cuttage and transplanting success improve 20-30%, the super contrast of seedling growth amount is more than 20%.
4, production technology is simple, and scion is general, and cost is low, easy to use, is easy to apply.
embodiment
Below the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1:
1, the selection that chooses nursery lot nursery lot should be selected in and have a good transport service, physical features is smooth or gentle slope the place good with water condition.Meanwhile, nursery lot also should select that soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, organic abundant husky mud field, and such soil property ventilating permeable is good, again can preserve moisture and fertility, be conducive to the expansion growth of seedling root.2, nursery lot will apply fertilizer and ploughs deeply before the preparation cuttage of nursery lot, and every mu of General Requirements will be executed 5 tons of left and right of high-quality decomposed manure.First fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, then plough deeply the 25 centimetres of left and right of burying.Use the broken soil block of rotovator again, sludge is mixed, then by the requirement ditching, ridging of growing seedlings, leveling head of a bed face is convenient to cuttage and convenient management, and seedbed is unsuitable wide, generally with 1.2 meters of wide being advisable.Long 10 meters of left and right, specifically determine according to ground block size.Convenient for being conducive to rainy season draining, accomplish that rain cuts off the water dryly, a bed trench depth should have 30 centimetres of left and right, will accomplish that ditch ditch communicates simultaneously, and draining is smooth and easy.For survival rate and the promotion seedling growth of favourable raising cuttage seeding, adopt plastic mulching bed surface, then cuttage.Before covering with plastic film, preferably adopt herbicide spray bed surface once, affect seedling growth to prevent and treat weeds propagation and widespread.3, cutting is prepared
Gather fringe bar on well-grown healthy and strong elite stand early spring more than life in 5 years, should select 1 centimetre of diameter and abundant lignification with the kind bar that hard branch is grown seedlings do cutting, highlight light, branch rounded, the annotinous branch that eye is full, then be cut into 10 centimeter length, have the cuttings of 2 joints, upper end is about 1 centimetre place's straight snips more than terminal bud, the lower 0.5 centimetre of one-tenth miter angle of the adjacent joint in lower end is tiltedly cut and is " horse ear " shape, in order to expanding root of hair face and preventing from down inserting.After cutting shears, by 50 be one be bundled into bud towards upper and lower end neat bar, then select ABT1 root-inducing powder 180mg/L soak 4 hours process
4, cuttage time and technique (1) cuttage period: generally March early and middle ten days carry out cuttage.(2) cottage method: first by bed surface leveling, rake carefully, then, by hoe trench digging, 10 centimetres of ditch depths, 20 centimetres of line-spacings, 10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, insert in turn cutting in ditch, then ridging is steady and sure.Then open successively a line ditch, be plugged a line, the cuttage of ditching again after ridging; Can directly on mulch film, carry out cuttage by above-mentioned strain, line-spacing.When cuttage, to note: 1. cutting eye will be upwards, insert preventing down; 2. terminal bud is wanted micro-basseting, and the one side that preferably faces south towards east of eye; 3. after inserting, should water foot once permeable.The cuttage seeding that obtains taking root for 40 days after cuttage, in the cuttage seeding of plum rain season transplantation rooting in idle nursery lot, seeding row spacing 15 × 30cm; 5, after the management cuttage of cuttage seeding, rainwater is many spring, therefore must note ditch cleaning draining, prevents that cutting from macerating rotten because of long-term accumulated water.The cutting that survived the first tenday period of a month in May all has spire, tender appearance, should the diligent degenerate instant nitrogenousfertilizer of executing, keep rich water abundance, and want that duty is loosened the soil, weeding simultaneously, promotion growth of seedling.Spray rapid available phosphorus potash fertilizer after autumn 2-3 time, promote nursery stock to grow and enrich.To the sublateral shoot of sending out on it, except top one bud is retained as elongated shoot, its lower each sublateral shoot all needs only to stay the pinching repeatedly of 1～2 leaf, to promote leading shoot thickening growth.For being conducive to the good growth of plain tree cuttage seedling, except doing a good job of it rich water quality management, also need conscientiously to do a good job of it the control of damage by disease and insect.Start to be about to begin from Zhan Ye and spray medicine prevention, the 800 times of liquid sprayings of mancozeb with 80%, spray medicine emphasis will spray leaf back, to squirt and don't to drip as good, enter June, can also spray every first quarter moon the equivalent formula bordeaux mixture of 200 times, can prevent and treat multiple fungal disease.The pest control of cuttage seeding, from the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, attention control cutworm to bite the tender tip broken.The method of control can be carried out manual catching and killing in the morning, can receive good effect.
Piao Shu cuttage adopts after the method nursery stock to take root and survival rate reaches more than 96%, the annual cuttage seeding with root is transplanted survival rate and is reached more than 98%, with respect to epicormic branch cuttage and autumn its rooting rate of cuttage and transplanting success improve 20-30%, the super contrast of seedling growth amount is more than 20%.
Embodiment 2
Substantially the same with embodiment 1, difference is, a kind of vegetative method of Piao Shu, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of nursery lot: select the light clay loam that soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, organic abundant viscosity not too weighs;
2) transformation of nursery lot: first high-quality decomposed manure is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, then plough deeply and bury 30 centimetres, then use the broken soil block of rotovator, sludge is mixed, then ditching, ridging, leveling nursery lot, nursery lot is wide 1.5 meters, long 12 meters, 35 centimetres of nursery lot ditch depths;
3) cuttage preparation: February ~ early March gathers the fringe bar of 2 centimetres of the diameters of life in 1～2 year on the well-grown healthy and strong elite stand of life in 5 ~ 10 years, be cut into the cutting of 10 centimeter length, each cutting ensures 2 complete full buds, cutting upper end is 1.2 centimeters straight snips on bud, cutting lower end 0.5 centimetre of one-tenth miter angle below bud is tiltedly cut, after cutting shears, by 100 root cuttings be one be bundled into bud towards upper and lower end neat bar, then select ABT1 root-inducing powder 200mg/L soak 5 hours process;
4) cuttage: March early and middle ten days, by thin to nursery lot leveling, rake, then with hoe on seedbed, ditch, 12 centimetres of ditch depths, seeding row spacing 10 × 20cm, in ditch, insert in turn cutting, then ridging is steady and sure, then opens successively a line ditch, be plugged a line, the cuttage of ditching again after ridging;
5) transplant: the cuttage seeding that obtains taking root for 45-60 days after cuttage, in the cuttage seeding of plum rain season transplantation rooting in idle nursery lot, seeding row spacing 15 × 30cm;
6) management work of cuttage seeding: the degenerate instant nitrogenousfertilizer of executing of duty in the first tenday period of a month in May, want that duty is loosened the soil, weeding, spray rapid available phosphorus potash fertilizer 2-3 time, to the sublateral shoot of sending out in cutting after autumn simultaneously, except top one bud is retained as elongated shoot, its lower each sublateral shoot all needs only to stay the pinching repeatedly of 1～2 leaf.
In described step 4), nursery lot is the seedbed of surface coverage one deck yellow soil.
In described step 5), transplant the water 1 time of drenching after planting, later 3 days early, evening each pouring 1 time.
In described step 6), the management work of cuttage seeding also comprises the control of damage by disease and insect.
The control of described damage by disease and insect is sprayed with 800 times of liquid of carbendazim of 50%, when June, to spray the equivalent formula bordeaux mixture of 240 times every first quarter moon.
Piao Shu cuttage adopts after the method nursery stock to take root and survival rate reaches 97%, the annual cuttage seeding with root is transplanted survival rate and is reached 98.2%, with respect to epicormic branch cuttage and autumn its rooting rate of cuttage and transplanting success improve 30%, the super contrast 23% of seedling growth amount.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the vegetative method of Piao Shu, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of nursery lot: select soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, organic matter is abundant husky mud field or light clay loam;
2) transformation of nursery lot: first high-quality decomposed manure is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground, then plough deeply and bury 25 ~ 30 centimetres, use again the broken soil block of rotovator, sludge is mixed, then ditching, ridging, leveling nursery lot, nursery lot is wide 1.2～1.5 meters, long 10 ~ 12 meters, 30 ~ 35 centimetres of nursery lot ditch depths;
3) cuttage preparation: the diameter that February ~ early March gathers life in 1～2 year on the well-grown healthy and strong elite stand of life in 5 ~ 10 years is not less than the fringe bar of 1 centimetre, be cut into the cutting of 10 centimeter length, each cutting ensures 2 complete full buds, cutting upper end is 1 ~ 1.2 centimeters straight snips on bud, cutting lower end 0.3 ~ 0.5 centimetre of one-tenth miter angle below bud is tiltedly cut, after cutting shears, by 50～100 root cuttings be one be bundled into bud towards upper and lower end neat bar, then select ABT1 root-inducing powder 180 ~ 200mg/L soak 4 ~ 5 hours process;
4) cuttage: March early and middle ten days, by thin to nursery lot leveling, rake, then with hoe on seedbed, ditch, 10 ~ 12 centimetres of ditch depths, seeding row spacing 10 × 20cm, in ditch, insert in turn cutting, then ridging is steady and sure, then opens successively a line ditch, be plugged a line, the cuttage of ditching again after ridging;
5) transplant: the cuttage seeding that obtains taking root for 40 ~ 75 days after cuttage, in the cuttage seeding of plum rain season transplantation rooting in idle nursery lot, seeding row spacing 15 × 30cm;
6) management work of cuttage seeding: the degenerate instant nitrogenousfertilizer of executing of duty in the first tenday period of a month in May, want that duty is loosened the soil, weeding, spray rapid available phosphorus potash fertilizer 2-3 time, to the sublateral shoot of sending out in cutting after autumn simultaneously, except top one bud is retained as elongated shoot, its lower each sublateral shoot all needs only to stay the pinching repeatedly of 1～2 leaf.
2. the vegetative method of Piao Shu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3), ABT1 root-inducing powder 180mg/L soaks and processes for 4 hours.
3. the vegetative method of Piao Shu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 4), nursery lot is the seedbed of surface coverage one deck yellow soil.
4. the vegetative method of Piao Shu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the water 1 time of drenching after transplanting in described step 5), later 3 days early, evening each pouring 1 time.
5. the vegetative method of Piao Shu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 6), the management work of cuttage seeding also comprises the control of damage by disease and insect.
6. the vegetative method of Piao Shu according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, 800 times of liquid sprayings of carbendazim of 800 times of liquid of mancozeb of 80% or 50% for the control of described damage by disease and insect, when June, to spray 200-240 equivalent formula bordeaux mixture doubly every first quarter moon.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104082020A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-08 | 江苏绿苑园林建设有限公司 | Bridal wreath stiff wood cutting seedling culture method |
| CN104082029B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-20 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of bush cuttage propagation method |
| CN104170645B (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-05-11 | 徐华龙 | A kind of Piao Shu high-quality strong seedling cultivation method |
| CN105493989A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-20 | 遵义市林盛种植场 | Hackberry seedling growing method |
| CN105432300B (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2018-03-06 | 全椒县城西畜牧养殖专业合作社 | A kind of seed propagation method of Piao Shu |
| CN106342627A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-25 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Seedling raising method for improving quality of hackberry seedlings |
| CN109220262A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-18 | 北华大学 | A kind of Amur cork-tree hardwood cutting rooting method |
| CN113133371A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 苏州工业园区园林绿化工程有限公司 | Culture method of greening big seedlings of hackberry |
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| CN102812844A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2012-12-12 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Planting and management method of hackberry |
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