CN102475020B - Northern blueberry-growing method - Google Patents
Northern blueberry-growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102475020B CN102475020B CN2010105557846A CN201010555784A CN102475020B CN 102475020 B CN102475020 B CN 102475020B CN 2010105557846 A CN2010105557846 A CN 2010105557846A CN 201010555784 A CN201010555784 A CN 201010555784A CN 102475020 B CN102475020 B CN 102475020B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A northern blueberry-growing method includes the following technical processes: variety selection, seedling propagation, collection and sand storage of cuttings, cuttage, field planting density, soil preparation, plantation, underground management, disease and pest control, pruning, overwinter protection and cold-proof material removal. The northern blueberry-growing method sufficiently utilizes local natural resources, can greatly reduce the production cost and increase the economic benefit, and can be easily accepted by growers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to northern blueberry-growing method.
Background technology
Blueberry (Blueberry) has another name called blueberry, and blue berry belongs to Ericaceae (Ericaceae) Vacciniodeae (Vaccinioideae) genus vaccinium (Vacciniodeae) plant.Blueberry contains and prevents that cerebral nerve is old and feeble, strengthens cardiac function, makes eye bright and the unique effects material such as anticancer, and therefore classified as one of the mankind's five large healthy food by international food and agricultural organization, extremely people favor.The cultivation of blueberry approximately has last 100 years historical.The U.S. has carried out artificial cultivation at first.After the U.S., the states such as Holland, Canada, Germany, Poland, Australia, New Zealand, Japan are introducing and planting competitively, has carried out blueberry research and the cultivation work with national characteristic according to climatic characteristic and the resources advantage of own country.China starts from early 1980s to the research of blueberry, and Jilin Agriculture University has carried out the work of blueberry introducing and planting in China at first, and large quantity research has been done in blueberry cultivation technology, soil melioration work.After the agricultural university of Jilin, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing plants also begins to introduce a fine variety blueberry from the U.S. and cultivates research, and filters out the improved seeds that are fit to the south China regional culture.
Liaoning began to study the nineties in last century, and because blueberry is the shallow root system plant, root system is undeveloped, the unrooted hair, and root is very thin, is fibrous, and root system mean level distribution is in the drop shadow spread of tree crown, and vertical distribution is at 5cm～45cm.Blueberry happiness acid ground, very responsive to soil pH value, the too high growth that is unfavorable in blueberry of pH.Soil pH value is too high, often causes that blueberry growth retardation, leaf chlorosis, result are bad.Most of blueberries can be in the acid sandy soil of pH3.5～5.5 normal growth, but different blueberry kinds is also different to the soil pH claimed range.The suitable soil pH of blueberry is 4.8～5.2, and take 4.5～4.8 as best; Blueberry requires well-grown in the high soil of the content of organic matter.Must reach in 3% soil in the content of organic matter could healthy growth, and U.S.'s blueberry is grown in the content of organic matter and reaches in 8%～12% soil.Therefore soil melioration is very important link in blueberry cultivation work.According to the requirement of blueberry to soil, both at home and abroad in blueberry cultivation soil melioration work mainly both ways, the one, to the adjusting of soil acidity or alkalinity, the 2nd, improve soil organic matter content.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the technology invention is to provide the blueberry cultivation supporting technology of economical and convenient, so that accelerate the development that blueberry is produced, thus create huge economic benefit and social benefit.
The technical scheme that adopts is:
Blueberry cultivation method of the present invention is divided into outdoor cropping, Plastic canopy culture, Cultivation in Greenhouse, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
One, outdoor cropping
A, kind are selected
The kind of present northern suitable cultivation is mainly: half land (Northland), high clump kind north, north blue (Northblue), holy cloud (St.Cloud), Bei Cun (Northcountry); (Blomidon), Si Weike (Brunswick) step in short clump kind U.S.A.
B, seedling-wood breeding
The collection of (1), transplanting a cutting is hidden with husky
Cutting will gather before the winter protection of surviving the winter, generally 10 the end of month to November 15.Requirement must gather cutting on the maternal plant of robust growth, the anosis worm harm of cutting is adopted by institute, healthy and strong, bud is full and maturity is high.The cutting that gathers is placed in the shade calm place by～100 of 50/bundles/bundle, then Lower Half is embedded in clean river sand, and the humidity General Requirements of river sand is stretched out one's hand and namely fallen apart just hold with hand can be agglomerating.After the cutting blade falls light substantially, more uprightly put transplanting a cutting to move in the cellar, bury with clean wet river sand.Require one deck river sand one deck to transplant a cutting, the little dew in tip that keeps transplanting a cutting gets final product.
(2) cuttage
Generally in late January in next year, directly the nutritive cube with diameter 12cm, high 15cm carries out cuttage in greenhouse by solar heat.
Removing the river sand that is bonded in cutting after the cutting taking-up of sand Tibetan, and cut off the thin or lower part of maturity in top, then cutting is cut into 8cm/ section～10cm/ section, upper clip is apart from every section cutting topmost bud top 0.5cm～1.0cm, lower clip is disregarded, and each is transplanted a cutting and must guarantee that the topmost bud is full.The cutting lower end that shears is stained with in root-growing agent directly inserts in nutritive cube after 20 seconds to 30 seconds.Root-growing agent selects Sichuan to produce state's light board, and every gram is watered 500g～750g.
Every cube of soil is mixed 200g～300g Cosan, in the Nutrition Soil whipping process, carbendazim is produced in 800 times～1000 times liquid Jiangyin and constantly is sprayed onto on Nutrition Soil, and will mix thoroughly, keep nutritive soil preparation humidity hold with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand namely loose just.
The dress alms bowl.First river sand: the peat composed of rotten mosses is that 1: 2～3 Nutrition Soil is contained in the nutritive cube bottom, degree of depth 5cm～6cm, then cutting is stood in the nutritive cube center, again river sand: the peat composed of rotten mosses is that the Nutrition Soil of 1: 1 is contained in nutritive cube top, keep top and the nutritive cube mouth basic of cutting flat, the heavy real little dew of topmost bud of will guaranteeing to transplant a cutting of the Nutrition Soil in the rear nutritive cube of fetching water.
Putting of nutritive cube.First spread the thick thicker river sand of 6cm～10cm (playing trickle, heat-blocking action) in the place of putting nutritive cube, 0.6m～0.8m begins to put apart from the base angle, greenhouse, and width is at 1.0m～1.2m
Management.Will keep the highest natural temperature in the greenhouse in early stage, transplanting a cutting sprouts in greenhouse on rear daytime is no more than 30 ℃ apart from nutritive cube top 20cm temperature, keeps 24 ℃～26 ℃ after opening up leaf.To go up the sunshade net temperature control mid-June; Humidity in nutritive cube will keep holding with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and namely loosely just can.600 times of liquid carbendazim of Zhan Yehou spray in every 8 days to 10 days; Per month impose composite fertilizer once to August April.First blade is squirted before pouring water, 150 times of compound solutions that then will dissolve in advance spray one time with watering can, then pour water; To hoe up weeds at any time during this period.
Greenhouse cuttage survival rate is 85%～95%, nursery stock then outplanting rate (more than the high 30cm of stem) 70%～85%.
Plantation density
The seeding row spacing of field planting: half high clump kind is 1.0m * 2.0m or 1.0m * 2.5m; Short clump kind is 0.5m * 2.0m or 0.5m * 1.2m * 2.0m (strip planting).
Whole ground
The blueberry suitable growth is at sandy loam, not in the waterlogged lowland, clayed ground plants blueberry.Generally in the autumn upper one year of cultivation, ground was raked, waited to plant.
Plant
Before and after clear and bright with last year whole good ground first get the field planting line-spacing ready, then draw a straight line between the field planting point of every row two ends, an online side is put blueberry seedling with Nutrition Soil by spacing in the rows requirements, and the high high-quality more than 30cm of the stem of seedling is through the seedling of the dormancy of surviving the winter (non-dormancy seedling plant after growth potential a little less than).Spread the training fertilizer in the surrounding of seedling again and make it to become a truncated cone-shaped.The preparation of fertilizer is: the ratio to the sand soil preparation is to admix the sandy loam of 1.5 times～2.0 times with the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed of hay cutter hand hay cutter, and loam ground and clayed ground are admixed the river sand of 2 times to 3 times with the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed of hay cutter hand hay cutter; To the sandy loam of 1.5 times～2.0 times of the ratio of the sand soil preparation also available chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the blendings of oxen and horses excrement, the ratio of loam ground and clayed ground preparation is that the chicken manure or the oxen and horses excrement that become thoroughly decomposed are admixed the river sand of 2 times to 3 times.Spread a circle Cosan 10g/ strain left and right (this consumption is fit to P in soil H value in 5.5～6.5 area, also changes in the past disposable input Cosan and is input year by year in the bottom of round platform.), use excessive or spread fertilizer over the fields inequality but make sure to keep in mind Cosan, Cosan uses excessive or spreads fertilizer over the fields uneven can the generation and burn seedling.Its symptom initial stage is rubescent like the blade that arid causes, and carefully see and can find that vein is rubescent, and once shaking.Once finding that burning seedling can or water to slow down the extent of injury with killed seedling surrounding soil removal and replacement replanting.Then do furrow, the high approximately 10cm～15cm equal with nutritive cube of furrow, the wide 90cm～100cm of furrow covers the unregistered land film after carrying out furrow at once, and the seedling base portion is tight with grave.
Early June will be torn a diameter to mulch film and will be the circle of 50cm centered by seedling, ammonium sulfate 20g～25g is spread fertilizer over the fields in every strain, cover then that to be not less than 10cm thick in the broken stalk of hay cutter hand hay cutter.
September 20 beginning ditching basal dressing in the same direction between strain, furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～30cm.The preparation of base manure is: all put covering under the projection of strain clump into ditch, if can add not, and then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer.To sandy loam consumption 10kg～15kg/667
2, loam and clay also will apply river sand 1.0m except using Stanley board composite fertilizer
3～2.0m
3/ 667
2
After the Second Year blueberry goes out the winter protection thing to be unearthed, covering film no longer, but stalks mulching.Though be topdress, the basal dressing requirement carries out between strain, kind, the consumption of fertilizer are the same.Topdress, spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan (the same full bearing period of Cosan consumption) generally mid-April to late April, basal dressing was since September 20.Complete in two years soil melioration between strain.
Managed the same full bearing period in the 3rd year.Blueberry cultivation has a small amount of result then, and Second Year strain rate as a result is 20%～50%, and the 3rd annual production is at 180kg～240kg/667
2, the 4th annual production is at 500kg～600kg/667
2, enter the full bearing period.
Underground management
After blueberry went the winter protection thing to be unearthed, generally the plane ditch imposed ammonium sulfate mid-April to late April, requires strain in full bearing period clump 20kg～30kg/667
2Evenly spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in strain clump surrounding, consumption 10kg～15kg/667
2, this consumption be fit to P in soil H value 5.5～6.5, annual rainfall is in the area of 1000mm～1200mm, annual rainfall is cut down according to the circumstance lower than this.Carry out at the beginning of late April to 5 month that under the strain clump, stalk covers, its cladding thickness is not less than 10cm.The fallen flowers phase, i.e. June first arrival imposed Stanley board composite fertilizer, consumption 10kg～15kg/667 mid-June under covering to Fruit
2After fruit harvesting, projection place of strain clump prolong row to, all put covering into ditch in the both sides ditching of strain clump, furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～30cm, and then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer.To sandy loam consumption 15kg～20kg/667
2, loam and clay also will apply river sand 2.0m except using Stanley board composite fertilizer
3～4.0m
3/ 667
2, until improve to sandy loam.Strive for completing in the 3rd, the 4th year the capable soil melioration to both sides of strain Cong Yan.Beginning in the 5th year, except topdressing by output, the strain clump will keep being not less than the thick stalk covering of 10cm lower every year.The management of moisture is with conventional.
The cultivation uproot of blueberry is taked two kinds of patterns: a kind of is to hoe up weeds in row, and in the ranks sward, cradled 3 times～4 times with brush saw before August 20, keep natural plant height to be no more than 20cm, use weed killer herbicide 8 the end of month one time, weed killer herbicide must use that agriculture reaches, gram is without track, and dosage is pressed product description; A kind of is to hoe up weeds in row, and in the ranks 3 years strawberries of planting, harrowed strawberry on the 4th year, by upper a kind of mode treatment.
The extermination of disease and insect pest
Disease at north harm blueberry has gray mold, blossom rot, leaf spot, spot disease; Insect pest has chafer (harm of apple hair rutelian is main), fall webworm, aphid, two spotted spider mite.
Nuisanceless integrated control: spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim squaring period in blueberry and mix 500 times～800 times liquid matrines, after 7 days～10 days, then spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim and mix 5000 times of liquid Avermectin; 8000 times～10000 times liquid lucky stars of spray when fruit begins to expand; Spray continuously 600 times～800 times large living secondaries of liquid after fruit harvesting, every minor tick 7 days～10 days.Also can be with seeing with grabbing for fall webworm.Also can slaughter with DT-15P projection-type disinsection lamp (this lamp power supply is from internal battery) in the first Sheng phase of generation for chafer, installation method is pressed product description, for increasing insecticidal effect, to dig again the hole of a diameter 1.5m～2.0m, dark 15cm～20cm under lamp, the end, hole, will put down, outer rim will be vertically, will spread plastic greenhouse film in the hole, the water 5cm～6cm in will keeping every day cheating will in time remove the residual body of worm in the hole.But to be strict controlled in use at 19 o'clock～21 o'clock (this time period is the chafer frequent activity phase).For the larva grub of chafer, can white muscardine fungi be pressed the product description using dosage before mid or late July to the beginning of autumn, after overcast and rainy, rain, sooner or later spread fertilizer over the fields under covering during high humidity, accomplish to be used while allocating.
Prune
Cultivated in north blueberry, 3 years main tasks after cultivation are to erase branch apart from the bud of ground 30cm, do not allow form branch, will remove gradually in order to survive the winter winter protection apart from the branch of ground 50cm～70cm after result; Enter the full bearing period, after fruit harvesting can with branch age more than 5 years, diameter answers posting in time ground to cut greater than the branch of 2.5cm.Remove sick branch, wound branch before winter protection.The rear every strain clump that survives the winter keeps 6～8 fruit bearing shoot.Every strain clump will be trimmed to hemispherical.
General branch formed bud in 2 years, and when therefore pruning, every strain clump will consider to stay 2～5 annual branches.
The winter protection of surviving the winter
Planting blueberries in north overwhelming majority area all needs the winter protection of surviving the winter, the time of general winter protection October 25 to the early and middle ten days in November.Specific practice is:
October 25, front and back were (because this moment, temperature was higher, the blueberry branch is softer) begin the blueberry plant is overwhelmed (remember every year all will towards same direction), a people covers forward to two layback plastic woven cloths on one side on one side, the back on one side people by irregular steps to plastic woven cloth both sides firming (so the time blade do not fall, press Yan Houyi to make the bud mouldy), the opposite direction that plastic woven cloth coverage direction and blueberry plant overwhelm, otherwise do not cover.
Early November, can disposable pressure when soil freezes daytime at night tight, the thickness of earth covering top be not less than 1.5cm, and plastic woven cloth will all be buried in the earth, and avoids accelerated ageing.
Remove the winter protection thing
The morning and evening that the winter protection thing goes directly impact work as annual production, remove early easily stripping, Bud Cold Damage, go lately easily to touch off bud and consumption nutrition finally causes the underproduction.Generally first remove anti-dry frozen ground at late March, take off plastic woven cloth after Clear and Bright, after taking off, the soil on plastic woven cloth is shaked off, folded, be placed on lucifuge place's preservation.
After blueberry was unearthed, in time loosens branch opened and cuts the branch that damages by pressure because of winter protection, avoided crowded in heaps, the impact growth of branch.
Two, Plastic canopy culture
The Plastic canopy culture kind has northern land (Northland), Berkeley (Berkeley), and its whole ground, field planting cultivation, underground management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, pruning etc. are with reference to outdoor cropping, and what differ greatly is overwinter management.Can the large cold canopy of plastics safe overwintering, and canopy is to being crucial, is secondly that canopy leaks informaton mouthful also very important, is the control of different times temperature of shed again.
Canopy preferably selects East and West direction to (refer to the large cold canopy length of plastics to), makes sure to keep in mind not select north-south (freeze injury occurs frequent).
The canopy mouth that leaks informaton will be selected and remain at distance earth's surface 1.2m～1.4m place, and so easy maintenance temperature of shed is relatively stable.
Button will fill with once permeable after canopy, and to early December, all open the air port daytime, night Close All, along with the reduction gradually of outside air temperature, the time of leaking informaton also shortens gradually; Sprout to blueberry plant bud after mid-December, the air port will be closed round the clock, will cover the wide unregistered land film of 1.0m～1.2m when closing the air port in the ranks, will fill with a water (help to thaw and increase humidity in canopy, preventing stripping) at the beginning of 1 the end of month to 2 month.The Plastic canopy culture stalk covers and will carry out at Zhan Yehou, and other presses the booth Routine Management.
Three, Cultivation in Greenhouse
The Cultivation in Greenhouse kind has Lan Feng (Bluecrop), Berkeley (Berkeley), and its whole ground, underground management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, pruning etc. are with reference to greenhouse cultivation, and what differ greatly is the field planting cultivation.High furrow (or raised fields) cultivations is taked in field planting, and concrete grammar is: do by seeding row spacing 1.0m * 1.8m or 1.0m * 2.0m the high furrow that section is isosceles trapezoid, the high 50cm of furrow, furrow upper base face width 100cm, the furrow face width 150cm that goes to the bottom.After the greenhouse heats up, except the furrow face of high furrow, all cover unregistered land film (play heat, wet down effect).Other presses the greenhouse Routine Management.
The inventive method is simple, take full advantage of local natural resources, has an economic benefit.
Embodiment
The blueberry cultivation method is divided into outdoor cropping, Plastic canopy culture, Cultivation in Greenhouse, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
Outdoor cropping
A, selection kind
The kind of present northern suitable cultivation is mainly: half land (Northland), high clump kind north, north blue (Northblue), holy cloud (St.Cloud), Bei Cun (Northcountry); (Blomidon), Si Weike (Brunswick) step in short clump kind U.S.A.
B, whole ground
The blueberry suitable growth reaches in pH3.5～5.5, the content of organic matter could healthy growth in 3% sandy loam.Not in the waterlogged lowland, clayed ground plants blueberry.Generally in the autumn upper one year of cultivation, ground was raked, waited to plant.
C, plantation density
The seeding row spacing of field planting: half high clump kind is 1.0m * 2.0m; Short clump kind is 0.5m * 2.0m.
D, plant
Before and after clear and bright with last year whole good ground first get the field planting line-spacing ready, then draw a straight line between the field planting point of every row two ends, an online side is put blueberry seedling with Nutrition Soil by spacing in the rows requirements, and the high high-quality more than 30cm of the stem of seedling is through the seedling of the dormancy of surviving the winter (non-dormancy seedling plant after growth potential a little less than).Spread the training fertilizer in the surrounding of seedling again and make it to become a truncated cone-shaped.The preparation of fertilizer is: the ratio to the sand soil preparation is to admix the sandy loam of 1.5 times with the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed of hay cutter hand hay cutter, and loam ground and clayed ground are admixed the river sand of 2.5 times with the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed of hay cutter hand hay cutter; To the sandy loam of 1.5 times of the ratio of the sand soil preparation also available chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the blendings of oxen and horses excrement, the ratio of loam ground and clayed ground preparation is that the chicken manure or the oxen and horses excrement that become thoroughly decomposed are admixed the river sand of 3 times.Spread a circle Cosan 10g/ strain left and right (this consumption is fit to P in soil H value in 5.5～6.5 area, also changes in the past disposable input Cosan and is input year by year in the bottom of round platform.), use excessive or spread fertilizer over the fields inequality but make sure to keep in mind Cosan, Cosan uses excessive or spreads fertilizer over the fields uneven can the generation and burn seedling.Its symptom initial stage is rubescent like the blade that arid causes, and carefully see and can find that vein is rubescent, and once shaking.Once finding that burning seedling can or water to slow down the extent of injury with killed seedling surrounding soil removal and replacement replanting.Then do furrow, the high approximately 10cm equal with nutritive cube of furrow, the wide 100cm of furrow covers the unregistered land film after carrying out furrow at once, and the seedling base portion is tight with grave.
Early June will be torn a diameter to mulch film and will be the circle of 50cm centered by seedling, ammonium sulfate 20g is spread fertilizer over the fields in every strain, then cover 10cm thick in the broken stalk of hay cutter hand hay cutter.
September 20 beginning ditching basal dressing in the same direction between strain, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm.The preparation of base manure is: all put covering under the projection of strain clump into ditch, if can add not, and then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer.To sandy loam consumption 10kg/667
2, loam and clay also will apply river sand 1.5m except using Stanley board composite fertilizer
3/ 667
2
After the Second Year blueberry goes out the winter protection thing to be unearthed, covering film no longer, but stalks mulching.Though be topdress, the basal dressing requirement carries out between strain, kind, the consumption of fertilizer are the same.Topdress, spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan (the same full bearing period of Cosan consumption) generally mid-April to late April, basal dressing was since September 20.Complete in two years soil melioration between strain.
Managed the same full bearing period in the 3rd year.Blueberry cultivation has a small amount of result then, and Second Year strain rate as a result is 20%～50%, and the 3rd annual production is at 180kg～240kg/667
2, the 4th annual production is at 500kg～600kg/667
2, enter the full bearing period.
E, underground management
After blueberry went the winter protection thing to be unearthed, generally the plane ditch imposed ammonium sulfate mid-April to late April, requires 30kg/667 in the full bearing period
2Evenly spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in strain clump surrounding, consumption 15kg/667
2, this consumption be fit to P in soil H value 5.5～6.5, annual rainfall is in the area of 1000mm～1200mm, annual rainfall is cut down according to the circumstance lower than this.Carry out at the beginning of late April to 5 month that under the strain clump, stalk covers, its cladding thickness 10cm.The fallen flowers phase, i.e. June first arrival imposed Stanley board composite fertilizer, consumption 10kg/667 mid-June under covering to Fruit
2After fruit harvesting, projection place of strain clump prolong row to, all put covering into ditch in the both sides ditching of strain clump, furrow width 35cm, ditch depth 25cm, and then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer.To sandy loam consumption 20kg/667
2, loam and clay also will apply river sand 3.0m except using Stanley board composite fertilizer
3/ 667
2, until improve to sandy loam.Strive for completing in the 3rd, the 4th year the capable soil melioration to both sides of strain Cong Yan.Beginning in the 5th year, except topdressing by output, the strain clump will keep the thick stalk covering of 10cm lower every year.The management of moisture is with conventional.
The cultivation uproot of blueberry is taked two kinds of patterns: a kind of is to hoe up weeds in row, and in the ranks sward, cradled 4 times with brush saw before August 20, keep natural plant height to be no more than 20cm, use weed killer herbicide 8 the end of month one time, weed killer herbicide must use that agriculture reaches, gram is without track, and dosage is pressed product description; A kind of is to hoe up weeds in row, and in the ranks 3 years strawberries of planting, harrowed strawberry on the 4th year, by upper a kind of mode treatment.
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Disease at north harm blueberry has gray mold, blossom rot, leaf spot, spot disease; Insect pest has chafer (harm of apple hair rutelian is main), fall webworm, aphid, two spotted spider mite.
Nuisanceless integrated control: spray 500 times of times of liquid of a carbendazim squaring period in blueberry and mix 600 times of liquid matrines, after 7 days～10 days, then spray 500 times of times of liquid of a carbendazim and mix 5000 times of liquid Avermectin; 10000 times of liquid lucky stars of spray when fruit begins to expand; Spray continuously 600 times of large living secondaries of liquid after fruit harvesting, every minor tick 7 days～10 days.Also can be with seeing with grabbing for fall webworm.Also can slaughter with DT-15P projection-type disinsection lamp (this lamp power supply is from internal battery) in the first Sheng phase of generation for chafer, installation method is pressed product description, for increasing insecticidal effect, to dig again the hole of a diameter 1.5m, dark 15cm under lamp, the end, hole, will put down, outer rim will be vertically, will spread plastic greenhouse film in the hole, the water 5cm in will keeping every day cheating will in time remove the residual body of worm in the hole.But to be strict controlled in use at 19 o'clock～21 o'clock (this time period is the chafer frequent activity phase).For the larva grub of chafer, can white muscardine fungi be pressed the product description using dosage before mid or late July to the beginning of autumn, after overcast and rainy, rain, sooner or later spread fertilizer over the fields under covering during high humidity, accomplish to be used while allocating.
G, pruning
Cultivated in north blueberry, 3 years main tasks after cultivation are to erase branch apart from the bud of ground 30cm, do not allow form branch, will remove gradually in order to survive the winter winter protection apart from the branch of ground 60cm after result; Enter the full bearing period, after fruit harvesting can with branch age more than 5 years, diameter answers posting in time ground to cut greater than the branch of 2.5cm.Remove sick branch, wound branch before winter protection.The rear every strain clump that survives the winter keeps 7 fruit bearing shoot.Every strain clump will be trimmed to hemispherical.
General branch formed bud in 2 years, and when therefore pruning, every strain clump will consider to stay 3 annual branches.
H, the winter protection of surviving the winter
Planting blueberries in north overwhelming majority area all needs the winter protection of surviving the winter, the time of general winter protection October 25 to the early and middle ten days in November.Specific practice is:
October 25, front and back were (because this moment, temperature was higher, the blueberry branch is softer) begin the blueberry plant is overwhelmed (remember every year all will towards same direction), a people covers forward to two layback plastic woven cloths on one side on one side, the back on one side people by irregular steps to plastic woven cloth both sides firming (so the time blade do not fall, press Yan Houyi to make the bud mouldy), the opposite direction that plastic woven cloth coverage direction and blueberry plant overwhelm, otherwise do not cover.
Early November, can disposable pressure when soil freezes daytime at night tight, the thickness of earth covering top be not less than 1.5cm, and plastic woven cloth will all be buried in the earth, and avoids accelerated ageing.
I, remove the winter protection thing
The morning and evening that the winter protection thing goes directly impact work as annual production, remove early easily stripping, Bud Cold Damage, go lately easily to touch off bud and consumption nutrition finally causes the underproduction.Generally first remove anti-dry frozen ground at late March, take off plastic woven cloth after Clear and Bright, after taking off, the soil on plastic woven cloth is shaked off, folded, be placed on lucifuge place's preservation.
After blueberry is unearthed, in time to open and to cut that the branch that damages by pressure because of winter protection is loose opens and cut the branch that damages by pressure because of winter protection with branch is loose, avoid crowded in heaps, the impact growth of branch.
1, blueberry cultivation method of the present invention is divided into outdoor cropping, Plastic canopy culture, Cultivation in Greenhouse, it is characterized in that comprising following technical process:
One, outdoor cropping
A, kind are selected
Kind is selected: half land, high clump kind north, northern indigo plant, holy cloud, Bei Cun; Short clump kind U.S.A steps on, Si Weike;
B, seedling-wood breeding
The collection of (1), transplanting a cutting is hidden with husky
Cutting gathers before the winter protection of surviving the winter, requirement must gather cutting on the maternal plant of robust growth, the anosis worm harm of cutting is adopted by institute, healthy and strong, bud is full and maturity is high, the cutting that gathers is by～100 of 50/bundles/bundle, be placed in the shade calm place, then Lower Half is embedded in clean river sand, the humidity requirement of river sand is hold with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and namely fall apart just, after the cutting blade falls light substantially, more uprightly put transplanting a cutting to move in the cellar, bury with clean wet river sand, require one deck river sand one deck to transplant a cutting, the little dew in tip that keeps transplanting a cutting gets final product;
(2) cuttage
In late January in next year, directly the nutritive cube with diameter 12cm, high 15cm carries out cuttage in greenhouse by solar heat;
Removing the river sand that is bonded in cutting after the cutting taking-up of sand Tibetan, and cut off the thin or lower part of maturity in top, then cutting is cut into 8cm/ section～10cm/ section, upper clip is apart from every section cutting topmost bud top 0.5cm～1.0cm, lower clip is disregarded, and each is transplanted a cutting and must guarantee that the topmost bud is full, the cutting lower end that shears is stained with in root-growing agent directly inserts in nutritive cube after 20 seconds to 30 seconds, root-growing agent selects Sichuan to produce state's light board, and every gram is watered 500g～750g;
Every cube of soil is mixed 200g～300g Cosan, in the Nutrition Soil whipping process, carbendazim is produced in 800 times～1000 times liquid Jiangyin and constantly is sprayed onto on Nutrition Soil, and will mix thoroughly, keep nutritive soil preparation humidity hold with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand namely loose just;
Zhuan ?, first river sand: the peat composed of rotten mosses is that 1: 2～3 Nutrition Soil is contained in the nutritive cube bottom, degree of depth 5cm～6cm, then cutting is stood in the nutritive cube center, again river sand: the peat composed of rotten mosses is that the Nutrition Soil of 1: 1 is contained in nutritive cube top, keep top and the nutritive cube mouth basic of cutting flat, the heavy real little dew of topmost bud of will guaranteeing to transplant a cutting of the Nutrition Soil in the rear nutritive cube of fetching water;
Putting of nutritive cube: first spread the thick thicker river sand of 6cm～10cm in the place of putting nutritive cube, 0.6m～0.8m begins to put apart from the base angle, greenhouse, and width is at 1.0m～1.2m;
Management: will keep the highest natural temperature in the greenhouse in early stage, transplanting a cutting sprouts in greenhouse on rear daytime is no more than 30 ℃ apart from nutritive cube top 20cm temperature, keeps 24 ℃～26 ℃ after opening up leaf, will go up the sunshade net temperature control mid-June; Humidity in nutritive cube will keep holding with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand namely loose just can, sprayed 600 times of liquid carbendazim after the exhibition leaf in every 8 days to 10 days; Per month impose composite fertilizer once to August April, first blade squirted before pouring water, and 150 times of compound solutions that then will dissolve in advance spray one time with watering can, then pour water; To hoe up weeds at any time during this period;
Greenhouse cuttage survival rate is 85%～95%, nursery stock then outplanting rate 70%～85%;
Plantation density
The seeding row spacing of field planting: half high clump kind is 1.0m * 2.0m or 1.0m * 2.5m; Short clump kind is 0.5m * 2.0m or 0.5m * 1.2m * 2.0m;
Whole ground
The blueberry suitable growth is at sandy loam, not in the waterlogged lowland, clayed ground plants blueberry, in the autumn upper one year of cultivation, ground raked, waited to plant;
Plant
before and after clear and bright with last year whole good ground first get the field planting line-spacing ready, then draw a straight line between the field planting point of every row two ends, an online side is put blueberry seedling with Nutrition Soil by the spacing in the rows requirement, the high high-quality more than 30cm of the stem of seedling is through the seedling of the dormancy of surviving the winter, spread the training fertilizer in the surrounding of seedling again and make it to become a truncated cone-shaped, the preparation of fertilizer is: the ratio to the sand soil preparation is to admix the sandy loam of 1.5 times～2.0 times with the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed of hay cutter hand hay cutter, and loam ground and clayed ground are admixed the river sand of 2 times to 3 times with the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed of hay cutter hand hay cutter, sandy loam to 1.5 times～2.0 times of the ratio of the sand soil preparation also available chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the blendings of oxen and horses excrement, the ratio of loam ground and clayed ground preparation is that the chicken manure or the oxen and horses excrement that become thoroughly decomposed are admixed the river sand of 2 times to 3 times, spread a circle Cosan 8-12g/ strain in the bottom of round platform, but making sure to keep in mind Cosan uses excessive or spreads fertilizer over the fields inequality, Cosan uses excessive or spreads fertilizer over the fields uneven can the generation and burn seedling, its symptom initial stage is rubescent like the blade that arid causes, carefully see and to find that vein is rubescent, and once shaking, once finding that burning seedling can or water to slow down the extent of injury with killed seedling surrounding soil removal and replacement replanting, then do furrow, the high approximately 10cm～15cm equal with nutritive cube of furrow, wide 90cm～the 100cm of furrow, at once cover the unregistered land film after carrying out furrow, the seedling base portion is tight with grave,
Early June will be torn a diameter to mulch film and will be the circle of 50cm centered by seedling, ammonium sulfate 20g～25g is spread fertilizer over the fields in every strain, cover then that to be not less than 10cm thick in the broken stalk of hay cutter hand hay cutter;
September 20 beginning ditching basal dressing in the same direction between strain, furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～30cm, the preparation of base manure is: all put covering under the projection of strain clump into ditch, if can add not, and then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer, to sandy loam consumption 10kg～15kg/667
2, loam and clay also will apply river sand 1.0m except using Stanley board composite fertilizer
3～2.0m
3/ 667
2
After the Second Year blueberry goes out the winter protection thing to be unearthed, covering film no longer, but stalks mulching, though be topdress, the basal dressing requirement carries out between strain, kind, the consumption of fertilizer are the same, topdress, spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in mid-April to late April, basal dressing was completed soil melioration between strain in two years since September 20;
Managed the same full bearing period in the 3rd year.Blueberry cultivation has a small amount of result then, and Second Year strain rate as a result is 20%～50%, and the 3rd annual production is at 180kg～240kg/667
2, the 4th annual production is at 500kg～600kg/667
2, enter the full bearing period;
Underground management
After blueberry goes the winter protection thing to be unearthed, dig ditch in mid-April to late April and impose ammonium sulfate, require strain in full bearing period clump 20kg～30kg/667
2Evenly spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in strain clump surrounding, consumption 10kg～15kg/667
2This consumption be fit to P in soil H value 5.5～6.5, annual rainfall is in the area of 1000mm～1200mm, annual rainfall is cut down according to the circumstance lower than this, carry out at the beginning of late April to 5 month that under the strain clump, stalk covers, its cladding thickness is not less than 10cm, the fallen flowers phase, i.e. June first arrival imposed Stanley board composite fertilizer, consumption 10kg～15kg/667 mid-June under covering to Fruit
2After fruit harvesting, projection place of strain clump prolong the row to, all put covering into ditch in the both sides ditching of strain clump, furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～30cm, and then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer, to sandy loam consumption 15kg～20kg/6672, loam and clay also will apply river sand 2.0m except using Stanley board composite fertilizer
3～4.0m
3/ 667
2, until improve to sandy loam, strive for completing the capable soil melioration to both sides of strain Cong Yan on the 3rd, the 4th year, beginning in the 5th year, except topdressing by output, the strain clump will keep being not less than the thick stalk covering of 10cm lower every year, and the management of moisture is with conventional;
The cultivation uproot of blueberry is taked two kinds of patterns: a kind of is to hoe up weeds in row, and in the ranks sward, cradled 3 times～4 times with brush saw before August 20, keep natural plant height to be no more than 20cm, use weed killer herbicide 8 the end of month one time, weed killer herbicide must use that agriculture reaches, gram is without track, and dosage is pressed product description; A kind of is to hoe up weeds in row, and in the ranks 3 years strawberries of planting, harrowed strawberry on the 4th year, by upper a kind of mode treatment;
The extermination of disease and insect pest
Disease at north harm blueberry has gray mold, blossom rot, leaf spot, spot disease; Insect pest has chafer, fall webworm, aphid, two spotted spider mite;
nuisanceless integrated control: spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim squaring period in blueberry and mix 500 times～800 times liquid matrines, after 7 days～10 days, then spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim and mix 5000 times of liquid Avermectin, 8000 times～10000 times liquid lucky stars of spray when fruit begins to expand, spray continuously 600 times～800 times large living secondaries of liquid after fruit harvesting, every minor tick 7 days～10 days, also can be with seeing with grabbing for fall webworm, also can slaughter with the DT-15P projection-type disinsection lamp in the first Sheng phase of generation for chafer, installation method is pressed product description, for increasing insecticidal effect, to dig again a diameter 1.5m～2.0m under lamp, the hole of dark 15cm～20cm, the end, hole, will put down, it is vertical that outer rim is wanted, to spread plastic greenhouse film in the hole, water 5cm～6cm in will keeping every day cheating, to in time remove the residual body of worm in the hole, but to be strict controlled in use at 19 o'clock～21 o'clock for the larva grub of chafer, can white muscardine fungi be pressed the product description using dosage before mid or late July to the beginning of autumn, in overcast and rainy, after rain, sooner or later spread fertilizer over the fields under covering during high humidity, accomplish to be used while allocating,
Prune
Cultivated in north blueberry, 3 years main tasks after cultivation are to erase branch apart from the bud of ground 30cm, do not allow form branch, will remove gradually in order to survive the winter winter protection apart from the branch of ground 50cm～70cm after result; Enter the full bearing period, after fruit harvesting can with branch age more than 5 years, diameter answers posting in time ground to cut greater than the branch of 2.5cm, removes sick branch, wound branch before winter protection, the rear every strain clump that survives the winter keeps 6～8 fruit bearing shoot, every strain clump will be trimmed to hemispherical,
General branch formed bud in 2 years, and when therefore pruning, every strain clump will consider to stay 2～5 annual branches;
The winter protection of surviving the winter
Planting blueberry in overwhelming majority area, the north all needs the winter protection of surviving the winter, and the time of winter protection, to the early and middle ten days in November, specific practice was October 25:
Begin the blueberry plant is overwhelmed before and after October 25, a people covers forward to two layback plastic woven cloths on one side on one side, the back on one side people by irregular steps to plastic woven cloth both sides firming, the opposite direction that plastic woven cloth coverage direction and blueberry plant overwhelm, otherwise do not cover, first strain first overwhelmed, plastic woven cloth covers last minute, overwhelm the second strain, then plastic woven cloth covers last minute again, by that analogy again;
Early November, can disposable pressure when soil freezes daytime at night tight, the thickness of earth covering top be not less than 1.5cm, and plastic woven cloth will all be buried in the earth, and avoids accelerated ageing;
Remove the winter protection thing
The morning and evening that the winter protection thing goes directly impact work as annual production, remove early easily stripping, Bud Cold Damage, go lately easily to touch off bud and consumption nutrition finally causes subtracting, first remove anti-dry frozen ground at late March, take off plastic woven cloth after Clear and Bright, after taking off, the soil on plastic woven cloth is shaked off, folded, be placed on lucifuge place's preservation;
After blueberry was unearthed, in time loosens branch opened and cuts the branch that damages by pressure because of winter protection, avoided crowded in heaps, the impact growth of branch;
Two, Plastic canopy culture
The Plastic canopy culture kind has northern land, Berkeley, its whole ground, field planting cultivation, underground management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, pruning etc. are with reference to outdoor cropping, what differ greatly is overwinter management, can the large cold canopy of plastics safe overwintering, canopy is to being key, it is mouthful also very important that next is that canopy leaks informaton, and is the control of different times temperature of shed again;
Canopy makes sure to keep in mind not select the north-south to preferably selecting East and West direction;
The canopy mouth that leaks informaton will be selected and remain at distance earth's surface 1.2m～1.4m place, and so easy maintenance temperature of shed is relatively stable;
Button will fill with once permeable after canopy, and to early December, all open the air port daytime, night Close All, along with the reduction gradually of outside air temperature, the time of leaking informaton also shortens gradually; Sprout to blueberry plant bud after mid-December, the air port will be closed round the clock, will cover the wide unregistered land film of 1.0m～1.2m when closing the air port in the ranks, will fill with water one time at the beginning of 1 the end of month to 2 month, the Plastic canopy culture stalk covers and will carry out at Zhan Yehou, and other presses the booth Routine Management;
Three, Cultivation in Greenhouse
The Cultivation in Greenhouse kind has Lan Feng, Berkeley, its whole ground, underground management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, pruning etc. are with reference to greenhouse cultivation, and what differ greatly is the field planting cultivation, and high furrow or raised fields cultivation are taked in field planting, concrete grammar is: do by seeding row spacing 1.0m * 1.8m or 1.0m * 2.0m the high furrow that section is isosceles trapezoid, the high 50cm of furrow, furrow upper base face width 100cm, the furrow face width 150cm that goes to the bottom, after the greenhouse heats up, except the furrow face of high furrow, all cover the unregistered land film, other presses the greenhouse Routine Management.
Northern blueberry-growing method, the collection of comprise following technical process A, kind selection, B, seedling-wood breeding (1), transplanting a cutting and husky Tibetans, (2) cuttage, plantation density, whole, plant, underground management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, the winter protection of pruning, survive the winter, go winter protection thing, the present invention to take full advantage of local natural resources, can greatly reduce production costs, increase economic efficiency, the family of planting is acceptant.
Claims (1)
1. northern blueberry-growing method, be divided into outdoor cropping, Plastic canopy culture, Cultivation in Greenhouse, it is characterized in that comprising following technical process:
One, outdoor cropping
A, kind are selected
Kind is selected: half land, high clump kind north, northern indigo plant, holy cloud, Bei Cun; Short clump kind U.S.A steps on, Si Weike;
B, seedling-wood breeding
The collection of (1), transplanting a cutting is hidden with husky
Cutting gathers before the winter protection of surviving the winter, requirement must gather cutting on the maternal plant of robust growth, the anosis worm harm of cutting is adopted by institute, healthy and strong, bud is full and maturity is high, the cutting that gathers is by～100 of 50/bundles/bundle, be placed in the shade calm place, then Lower Half is embedded in clean river sand, the humidity requirement of river sand is hold with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and namely fall apart just, after the cutting blade falls light substantially, more uprightly put transplanting a cutting to move in the cellar, bury with clean wet river sand, require one deck river sand one deck to transplant a cutting, the little dew in tip that keeps transplanting a cutting gets final product;
(2) cuttage
In late January in next year, directly the nutritive cube with diameter 12cm, high 15cm carries out cuttage in greenhouse by solar heat;
Removing the river sand that is bonded in cutting after the cutting taking-up of sand Tibetan, and cut off the thin or lower part of maturity in top, then cutting is cut into 8cm/ section～10 cm/ sections, upper clip is apart from every section cutting topmost bud top 0.5cm～1.0cm, lower clip is disregarded, and each is transplanted a cutting and must guarantee that the topmost bud is full, the cutting lower end that shears is stained with in root-growing agent directly inserts in nutritive cube after 20 seconds to 30 seconds, root-growing agent selects Sichuan to produce state's light board, and every gram is watered 500g～750g;
Every cube of soil is mixed 200g～300g Cosan, in the Nutrition Soil whipping process, carbendazim is produced in 800 times～1000 times liquid Jiangyin and constantly is sprayed onto on Nutrition Soil, and will mix thoroughly, keep nutritive soil preparation humidity hold with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand namely loose just;
The dress alms bowl, first river sand: the peat composed of rotten mosses is that the Nutrition Soil of 1:2～3 is contained in the nutritive cube bottom, then degree of depth 5cm～6cm stands in the nutritive cube center to cutting, then river sand: the peat composed of rotten mosses is that the Nutrition Soil of 1:1 is contained in nutritive cube top, guarantor
The top of holding cutting flushes substantially with the nutritive cube mouth, the heavy real little dew of topmost bud of will guaranteeing to transplant a cutting of the Nutrition Soil in the rear nutritive cube that waters;
Putting of nutritive cube: first spread the thick thicker river sand of 6cm～10cm in the place of putting nutritive cube, 0.6m～0.8m begins to put apart from the base angle, greenhouse, and width is at 1.0m～1.2m;
Management: will keep the highest natural temperature in the greenhouse in early stage, transplanting a cutting sprouts in greenhouse on rear daytime is no more than 30 ℃ apart from nutritive cube top 20cm temperature, keeps 24 ℃～26 ℃ after opening up leaf, will go up the sunshade net temperature control mid-June; Humidity in nutritive cube will keep holding with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand namely loose just can, sprayed 600 times of liquid carbendazim after the exhibition leaf in every 8 days to 10 days; Per month impose composite fertilizer once to August April, first blade squirted before pouring water, and 150 times of compound solutions that then will dissolve in advance spray one time with watering can, then pour water; To hoe up weeds at any time during this period;
Greenhouse cuttage survival rate is 85%～95%, nursery stock then outplanting rate 70%～85%;
Plantation density
The seeding row spacing of field planting: half high clump kind is 1.0m * 2.0m or 1.0m * 2.5m; Short clump kind is 0.5m * 2.0m or 0.5m * 1.2m * 2.0m;
Whole ground
The blueberry suitable growth is at sandy loam, not in the waterlogged lowland, clayed ground plants blueberry, in the autumn upper one year of cultivation, ground raked, waited to plant;
Plant
before and after clear and bright with last year whole good ground first get the field planting line-spacing ready, then draw a straight line between the field planting point of every row two ends, an online side is put blueberry seedling with Nutrition Soil by the spacing in the rows requirement, the high high-quality more than 30cm of the stem of seedling is through the seedling of the dormancy of surviving the winter, spread the training fertilizer in the surrounding of seedling again and make it to become a truncated cone-shaped, the preparation of fertilizer is: the ratio to the sand soil preparation is to admix the sandy loam of 1.5 times～2.0 times with the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed of hay cutter hand hay cutter, and loam ground and clayed ground are admixed the river sand of 2 times to 3 times with the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed of hay cutter hand hay cutter, ratio to the sand soil preparation can be admixed the sandy loam of 1.5 times～2.0 times with the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed or oxen and horses excrement, the ratio of loam ground and clayed ground preparation is that the chicken manure or the oxen and horses excrement that become thoroughly decomposed are admixed the river sand of 2 times to 3 times, spread a circle Cosan 8-12g/ strain in the bottom of round platform, but making sure to keep in mind Cosan does not use excessive or spreads fertilizer over the fields inequality, Cosan uses excessive or spreads fertilizer over the fields uneven can the generation and burn seedling, its symptom initial stage is rubescent like the blade that arid causes, carefully see and to find that vein is rubescent, and once shaking, once finding the burning seedling with killed seedling surrounding soil removal and replacement replanting or watering to slow down the extent of injury, then do furrow, the furrow height is equal with nutritive cube is 10cm～15cm, wide 90cm～the 100cm of furrow, at once cover the unregistered land film after carrying out furrow, the seedling base portion is tight with grave,
Early June will be torn a diameter to mulch film and will be the circle of 50cm centered by seedling, ammonium sulfate 20g～25g is spread fertilizer over the fields in every strain, cover then that to be not less than 10cm thick in the broken stalk of hay cutter hand hay cutter;
September 20 beginning ditching basal dressing in the same direction between strain, furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～30cm, the preparation of base manure is: all put covering under the projection of strain clump into ditch, if add not, and then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer, to sandy loam consumption 10kg～15kg/667m
2, loam and clay also will apply river sand 1.0m except using Stanley board composite fertilizer
3～2.0m
3/ 667m
2
After Second Year blueberry removal winter protection thing is unearthed, covering film no longer, but stalks mulching, though be topdress, the basal dressing requirement carries out between strain, kind, the consumption of fertilizer are the same, topdress, spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in mid-April to late April, basal dressing was completed soil melioration between strain in two years since September 20;
Managed the same full bearing period in the 3rd year, blueberry cultivation has a small amount of result then, and Second Year strain rate as a result is 20%～50%, and the 3rd annual production is at 180kg～240kg/667m
2, the 4th annual production is at 500kg～600kg/667m
2, enter the full bearing period;
Underground management
After blueberry goes the winter protection thing to be unearthed, dig ditch in mid-April to late April and impose ammonium sulfate, require strain in full bearing period clump 20kg～30kg/667m
2Evenly spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in strain clump surrounding, consumption 10kg～15kg/667m
2This consumption be fit to soil pH value 5.5～6.5, annual rainfall is in the area of 1000mm～1200mm, annual rainfall is cut down according to the circumstance lower than this, carry out at the beginning of late April to 5 month that under the strain clump, stalk covers, its cladding thickness is not less than 10cm, the fallen flowers phase, i.e. June first arrival imposed Stanley board composite fertilizer, consumption 10kg～15kg/667m mid-June under covering to Fruit
2, after fruit harvesting, projection place of strain clump prolong row to, all put covering into ditch in the both sides ditching of strain clump, furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～30cm, and then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer is to sandy loam consumption 15kg～20kg/667m
2, loam and clay also will apply river sand 2.0m except using Stanley board composite fertilizer
3～4.0m
3/ 667m
2, until improve to sandy loam, strive for completing the capable soil melioration to both sides of strain Cong Yan on the 3rd, the 4th year, beginning in the 5th year, except topdressing by output, the strain clump will keep being not less than the thick stalk covering of 10cm lower every year, and the management of moisture is with conventional;
The cultivation uproot of blueberry is taked two kinds of patterns: a kind of is to hoe up weeds in row, and in the ranks sward, cradled 3 times～4 times with brush saw before August 20, keep natural plant height to be no more than 20cm, use weed killer herbicide 8 the end of month one time, weed killer herbicide must use that agriculture reaches, gram is without track, and dosage is pressed product description; A kind of is to hoe up weeds in row, and in the ranks 3 years strawberries of planting, harrowed strawberry on the 4th year, by upper a kind of mode treatment;
The extermination of disease and insect pest
Disease at north harm blueberry has gray mold, blossom rot, leaf spot, spot disease; Insect pest has chafer, fall webworm, aphid, two spotted spider mite;
nuisanceless integrated control: spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim squaring period in blueberry and mix 500 times～800 times liquid matrines, after 7 days～10 days, then spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim and mix 5000 times of liquid Avermectin, 8000 times～10000 times liquid lucky stars of spray when fruit begins to expand, spray continuously 600 times～800 times large living secondaries of liquid after fruit harvesting, every minor tick 7 days～10 days, for fall webworm with seeing with grabbing, just the Sheng phase slaughters with the DT-15P projection-type disinsection lamp in generation for chafer, installation method is pressed product description, for increasing insecticidal effect, to dig again a diameter 1.5m～2.0m under lamp, the hole of dark 15cm～20cm, the end, hole, will put down, it is vertical that outer rim is wanted, to spread plastic greenhouse film in the hole, water 5cm～6cm in will keeping every day cheating, to in time remove the residual body of worm in the hole, but to be strict controlled in use at 19 o'clock～21 o'clock, larva grub for chafer, before mid or late July to the beginning of autumn, white muscardine fungi was pressed the product description using dosage, in overcast and rainy, after rain, sooner or later spread fertilizer over the fields under covering during high humidity, accomplish to be used while allocating,
Prune
Cultivated in north blueberry, 3 years main tasks after cultivation are to erase branch apart from the bud of ground 30cm, do not allow form branch, will remove gradually in order to survive the winter winter protection apart from the branch of ground 50cm～70cm after result; Enter the full bearing period, after fruit harvesting with branch age more than 5 years, diameter answers posting in time ground to cut greater than the branch of 2.5cm, remove sick branch, wound branch before winter protection, the rear every strain clump that survives the winter keeps 6～8 fruit bearing shoot, every strain clump will be trimmed to hemispherical, general branch formed bud in 2 years, and when therefore pruning, every strain clump will consider to stay 2～5 annual branches;
The winter protection of surviving the winter
Planting blueberry in overwhelming majority area, the north all needs the winter protection of surviving the winter, and the time of winter protection, to the early and middle ten days in November, specific practice was October 25:
Begin the blueberry plant is overwhelmed before and after October 25, a people covers forward to two layback plastic woven cloths on one side on one side, the back on one side people by irregular steps to plastic woven cloth both sides firming, the opposite direction that plastic woven cloth coverage direction and blueberry plant overwhelm, otherwise do not cover, first strain first overwhelmed, plastic woven cloth covers last minute, overwhelm the second strain, then plastic woven cloth covers last minute again, by that analogy again;
Early November, disposable pressure is tight when soil freezes daytime at night, and the thickness of earth covering top is not less than 1.5cm, and plastic woven cloth will all be buried in the earth, and avoids accelerated ageing;
Remove the winter protection thing
The morning and evening that the winter protection thing goes directly affects works as annual production, remove early easy stripping, Bud Cold Damage, go late easily touch off bud and consume nutrition finally cause the underproduction, first remove anti-dry frozen ground at late March, take off plastic woven cloth after Clear and Bright, after taking off, the soil on plastic woven cloth is shaked off, folded, be placed on lucifuge place's preservation;
After blueberry was unearthed, in time loosens branch opened and cuts the branch that damages by pressure because of winter protection, avoided crowded in heaps, the impact growth of branch;
Two, Plastic canopy culture
The Plastic canopy culture kind has northern land, Berkeley, its whole ground, field planting cultivation, underground management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, pruning etc. are with reference to outdoor cropping, what differ greatly is overwinter management, can the large cold canopy of plastics safe overwintering, canopy is to being key, it is mouthful also very important that next is that canopy leaks informaton, and is the control of different times temperature of shed again;
Canopy makes sure to keep in mind not select the north-south to preferably selecting East and West direction;
The canopy mouth that leaks informaton will be selected and remain at distance earth's surface 1.2m～1.4m place, and so easy maintenance temperature of shed is relatively stable;
Button will fill with once permeable after canopy, and to early December, all open the air port daytime, night Close All, along with the reduction gradually of outside air temperature, the time of leaking informaton also shortens gradually; Sprout to blueberry plant bud after mid-December, the air port will be closed round the clock, will cover the wide unregistered land film of 1.0m～1.2m when closing the air port in the ranks, will fill with water one time at the beginning of 1 the end of month to 2 month, the Plastic canopy culture stalk covers and will carry out at Zhan Yehou, and other presses the booth Routine Management;
Three, Cultivation in Greenhouse
The Cultivation in Greenhouse kind has Lan Feng, Berkeley, its whole ground, underground management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, pruning etc. are with reference to greenhouse cultivation, and what differ greatly is the field planting cultivation, and high furrow or raised fields cultivation are taked in field planting, concrete grammar is: do by seeding row spacing 1.0m * 1.8m or 1.0m * 2.0m the high furrow that section is isosceles trapezoid, the high 50cm of furrow, furrow upper base face width 100cm, the furrow face width 150cm that goes to the bottom, after the greenhouse heats up, except the furrow face of high furrow, all cover the unregistered land film, other presses the greenhouse Routine Management.
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| CN106577140A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-04-26 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | High-yield blueberry cultivation method |
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| CN109258367A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-01-25 | 泰安市泰山林业科学研究院 | A kind of management method and its application of tissue-cultured seedling overwintering |
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| JP2003304765A (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-28 | Gumma Prefecture | Method for raising seedling of blueberry |
| CN101356888A (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2009-02-04 | 大连大学 | Highbush blueberries winter-proofing method |
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| CN106577140A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-04-26 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | High-yield blueberry cultivation method |
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