CN103975742A - Planting method for improving yield of aeolian sandy soil spring corns - Google Patents
Planting method for improving yield of aeolian sandy soil spring corns Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A planting method for improving yield of aeolian sandy soil spring corns comprises the steps of firstly, selecting a plot; secondly, correspondingly performing formula fertilization aiming at the plot with different fertility capacities; thirdly, preparing the fertilized plot; fourthly, precisely sowing on the prepared plot; fifthly, performing field managing. The applying amounts of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer are determined by combining the fertilizer needing characters of the spring corns according to the soil fertility supplying capacity and a target yield, and the crop physiological problem caused by blindness fertilization and excessive fertilization is avoided; organic matter and inorganic matter are combined by the formula applying of N, P and K, plastic mulch is adopted for covering, and seedling trimming, seedling thinning, seedling fixing, fertilizing, intertillage and the like in the later period are performed, so the use rate of the fertilizers is improved, the yield of the aeolian sand soil spring corns is effectively increased, and the aims of high yield, cost saving and efficiency are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method that improves aeolian sandy soil Spring Corn Yield.
Background technology
Formula fertilization by soil testing obtains wide popularization and application in recent years, this technology is taking soil testing and manuring field trial as basis, according to crop regulation of fertilizer requirement, fertilizer provision from soil performance and fertilizer effect, on the basis of Rational Application organic manure, regulate and solve crop and need the contradiction between fertilizer and fertilizer provision from soil, supplement targetedly the required nutritive element of crop simultaneously, realize various nutrient balance supplies, meet the needs of crop, reach the object that improves utilization rate of fertilizer.
The demand difference of the corn of different growing stage to nutrient, determines that the target output of the corn of planting is to be determined by the soil fertility height situation of ploughing then.Loess plateau is maximum in the world Loess Accumulation district, its loess particle is thin, soil property is soft, containing abundant mineral matter nutrient, be beneficial to farming, is one of cradle of ancient Chinese Farming Culture, also be one of major grain producing area of modern times and even contemporary China, these ecological region planting crops are of a great variety, hybridizing under the current conditions that breeding and improved seeds are comparatively universal, culture technique has breakthrough, and fertilizer practice has become one of key constraints of this regional agriculture high-yield and high-efficiency.At present chief crop produce in ubiquity chemical fertilizer application excessive, nutrient supply is unbalanced, high yield poor efficiency and low yield poor efficiency the problem such as deposit, particularly exist: diazonium phosphate fertilizer, light potash fertilizer; Great secondary element, slight secondary element; Heavy inorganic fertilizer, " triple three light " phenomenon of light fertilizer.Improper and the unreasonable raising that is restricting corn unit yield and economic benefit of application process of fertilizing time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides a kind of cultivation method that improves aeolian sandy soil Spring Corn Yield by the rational application of fertilizer.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: comprise the following steps:
The first step, selects plot;
1) for high fertility plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient is containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=45mg/kg, available phosphorus >=22.6mg/kg, the plot of available potassium >=93mg/kg;
2) for middle fertility plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient is containing the plot of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 39～44mg/kg, available phosphorus 10.3～22.5mg/kg, available potassium 73～92mg/kg;
Second step, for different fertility plot, correspondence is carried out rational application of fertilizers;
1) for high fertility plot: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:10.5kg, P
2o
5: 2.2kg, K
2o:4.5kg;
2) for middle fertility plot: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:7.9kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:5kg;
The 3rd step, carries out whole ground to the plot after fertilising;
Comprise and water vola moisture in the soil water, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil;
The 4th step, precisely sowing on the plot through whole ground;
1) select breeding: select compact kind Zheng Dan 958 or first beautiful 335;
2) covering with plastic film: 150 milliliters/mu of every mu of use " beautiful agriculture think of " before overlay film, be watered 50kg/ mu, seal spraying, controlling weeds; Select fabric width 70～80 ㎝, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ㎜, mu consumption 3kg;
3) dense planting sowing: banding pattern 1.2m, adopts wide-narrow row planting mode; Zheng Dan 958: wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row is apart from 40 ㎝, and mu stays seedling 5000～5500 strains;
The 5th step, field management;
1) put seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertill: after planting check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to 3～4 leaf thinnings; Final singling when 5～6 leaf; In the process of intertillage, topdress;
2) pouring: answer Controlled irrigation number of times early stage, restraining the growth of seedlings prevents from excessive growth from causing lodging; Water simultaneously and emerge, take out Xiong Shui, ensure not lack of water of pustulation period;
3) extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat in time while finding mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite;
4) results: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, suitably receives evening.
The fertilizing method adopting for the high fertility of aeolian sandy soil plot in described second step comprises following several:
Fertilizing method one: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, urea 5kg, superphosphate 60kg, potassium chloride 18kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides and imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 15kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, and the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and imposes carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time;
Fertilizing method two: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, diammonium phosphate 15.6kg, potassium chloride 18kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, and the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and imposes carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time;
Fertilizing method three: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, 35% corn fertilizer 50kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Described corn fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=5:12:18; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
The fertilizing method adopting for fertility plot in aeolian sandy soil in described second step comprises following several:
Fertilizing method one: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, urea 5kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium chloride 20kg, the each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides and imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, and the 13 leaves urea 28kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and imposes carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time;
Fertilizing method two: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, diammonium phosphate 13kg, potassium chloride 20kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, and the 13 leaves urea 27kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and imposes carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time;
Fertilizing method three: more than mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, corn fertilizer 50kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Described corn fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=5:10:20; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides secondary to impose: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 28kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
In the 3rd described step, poison bait is mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stirs ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg.
Step 3 in the 5th described step) control mythimna separata employing pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva adopts Furadan particle 1g/ strain top to throw the heart; Control two spotted spider mite adopts sweeps the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
Compared with prior art, the present invention, in conjunction with the nutrient uptake feature of spring corn, according to soil of different fertility feeder capability and yield target, determines the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the plant physiology problem of avoiding blindly fertilising and excessive fertilization to cause.Join and execute by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, be organicly combined with inorganic phase, adopt plastic mulching, and carry out the later stage put seedling, thinning, field planting, topdress, intertillage etc., improve utilization rate of fertilizer, thereby effectively increase Spring Corn Yield, reach high yield, abridged edition, object efficiently.Record by production application, adopt cultivation method of the present invention, more than the output of high fertility plot aeolian sandy soil spring corn reaches 800kg/mu, the output of middle fertility plot aeolian sandy soil spring corn reaches 700kg/ mu.Approximately 100,000,000 mu of irrigated area, NW China inland spring corn cultivated areas, but the not enough 400kg of average yield per mu, the present invention can promote the further raising of spring corn per mu yield level, has huge economy and social value.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
1, select plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient content alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=45mg/kg, available phosphorus >=22.6mg/kg, the plot of available potassium >=93mg/kg.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:10.5kg, P
2o
5: 2.2kg, K
2o:4.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, urea 5kg, superphosphate 60kg, potassium chloride 18kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides and imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 15kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
3, meticulous whole ground: water vola moisture in the soil water, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg) in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. two ditch overlay films: select fabric width 70-80 ㎝, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ㎜; Mu consumption 3kg left and right; By planning banding pattern overlay film, require film to want close proximity to ground with overlay film facility.
2. select breeding: select compact kind Zheng Dan 958 or first beautiful 335.
3. in good time early sowing: be advisable with late April, strive for sowing about April 30 complete.
4. rational close planting: banding pattern 1.2m, adopt wide-narrow row planting mode, with hill-drop planter sowing, Zheng Dan 958: wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row is apart from 40 ㎝, and mu stays seedling 5000-5500 strain.
5. chemical weed control: 150 milliliters/mu of every mu of use " beautiful agriculture think of " before overlay film, are watered 50kg/ mu and seal spraying, controlling weeds.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertill: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling when 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time, in intertillage process, topdresses.
2. pour water: early stage is Controlled irrigation number of times suitably, restraining the growth of seedlings prevents from excessive growth from causing lodging in good time; Water simultaneously and emerge, take out the key water such as male, ensure not lack of water of pustulation period.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
Embodiment 2:
1, select plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient content alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=45mg/kg, available phosphorus >=22.6mg/kg, the plot of available potassium >=93mg/kg;
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:10.5kg, P
2o
5: 2.2kg, K
2o:4.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, diammonium phosphate 15.6kg, potassium chloride 18kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
3, meticulous whole ground: water vola moisture in the soil water, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg) in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. two ditch overlay films: select fabric width 70-80 ㎝, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ㎜; Mu consumption 3kg left and right; By planning banding pattern overlay film, require film to want close proximity to ground with overlay film facility.
2. select breeding: select compact kind Zheng Dan 958 or first beautiful 335.
3. in good time early sowing: be advisable with late April, strive for sowing about April 30 complete.
4. rational close planting: banding pattern 1.2m, adopt wide-narrow row planting mode, with hill-drop planter sowing, Zheng Dan 958: wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row is apart from 40 ㎝, and mu stays seedling 5000-5500 strain.
5. chemical weed control: 150 milliliters/mu of every mu of use " beautiful agriculture think of " before overlay film, are watered 50kg/ mu and seal spraying, controlling weeds.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertill: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling when 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time, in intertillage process, topdresses.
2. pour water: early stage is Controlled irrigation number of times suitably, restraining the growth of seedlings prevents from excessive growth from causing lodging in good time; Water simultaneously and emerge, take out the key water such as male, ensure not lack of water of pustulation period.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
Embodiment 3:
1, select plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient content alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=45mg/kg, available phosphorus >=22.6mg/kg, the plot of available potassium >=93mg/kg;
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:10.5kg, P
2o
5: 2.2kg, K
2o:4.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, corn fertilizer is 35% (N:P
2o
5: K
2o=5:12:18) 50kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
3, meticulous whole ground: water vola moisture in the soil water, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg) in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. two ditch overlay films: select fabric width 70-80 ㎝, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ㎜; Mu consumption 3kg left and right; By planning banding pattern overlay film, require film to want close proximity to ground with overlay film facility.
2. select breeding: select compact kind Zheng Dan 958 or first beautiful 335.
3. in good time early sowing: be advisable with late April, strive for sowing about April 30 complete.
4. rational close planting: banding pattern 1.2m, adopt wide-narrow row planting mode, with hill-drop planter sowing, Zheng Dan 958: wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row is apart from 40 ㎝, and mu stays seedling 5000-5500 strain.
5. chemical weed control: 150 milliliters/mu of every mu of use " beautiful agriculture think of " before overlay film, are watered 50kg/ mu and seal spraying, controlling weeds.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertill: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling when 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time, in intertillage process, topdresses.
2. pour water: early stage is Controlled irrigation number of times suitably, restraining the growth of seedlings prevents from excessive growth from causing lodging in good time; Water simultaneously and emerge, take out the key water such as male, ensure not lack of water of pustulation period.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
Embodiment 4:
1, select plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient is containing the plot of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 39～44mg/kg, available phosphorus 10.3～22.5mg/kg, available potassium 73～92mg/kg.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:7.9kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, urea 5kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium chloride 20kg, the each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides and imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 28kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
3, meticulous whole ground: water vola moisture in the soil water, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg) in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. two ditch overlay films: select fabric width 70-80 ㎝, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ㎜; Mu consumption 3kg left and right; By planning banding pattern overlay film, require film to want close proximity to ground with overlay film facility.
2. select breeding: select compact kind Zheng Dan 958 or first beautiful 335.
3. in good time early sowing: be advisable with late April, strive for sowing about April 30 complete.
4. rational close planting: banding pattern 1.2m, adopt wide-narrow row planting mode, with hill-drop planter sowing, Zheng Dan 958: wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row is apart from 40 ㎝, and mu stays seedling 5000-5500 strain.
5. chemical weed control: 150 milliliters/mu of every mu of use " beautiful agriculture think of " before overlay film, are watered 50kg/ mu and seal spraying, controlling weeds.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertill: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling when 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time, in intertillage process, topdresses.
2. pour water: early stage is Controlled irrigation number of times suitably, restraining the growth of seedlings prevents from excessive growth from causing lodging in good time; Water simultaneously and emerge, take out the key water such as male, ensure not lack of water of pustulation period.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
Embodiment 5:
1, select plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient is containing the plot of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 39～44mg/kg, available phosphorus 10.3～22.5mg/kg, available potassium 73～92mg/kg.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:7.9kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, diammonium phosphate 13kg, potassium chloride 20kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 27kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
3, meticulous whole ground: water vola moisture in the soil water, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg) in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. two ditch overlay films: select fabric width 70-80 ㎝, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ㎜; Mu consumption 3kg left and right; By planning banding pattern overlay film, require film to want close proximity to ground with overlay film facility.
2. select breeding: select compact kind Zheng Dan 958 or first beautiful 335.
3. in good time early sowing: be advisable with late April, strive for sowing about April 30 complete.
4. rational close planting: banding pattern 1.2m, adopt wide-narrow row planting mode, with hill-drop planter sowing, Zheng Dan 958: wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row is apart from 40 ㎝, and mu stays seedling 5000-5500 strain.
5. chemical weed control: 150 milliliters/mu of every mu of use " beautiful agriculture think of " before overlay film, are watered 50kg/ mu and seal spraying, controlling weeds.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertill: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling when 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time, in intertillage process, topdresses.
2. pour water: early stage is Controlled irrigation number of times suitably, restraining the growth of seedlings prevents from excessive growth from causing lodging in good time; Water simultaneously and emerge, take out the key water such as male, ensure not lack of water of pustulation period.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
Embodiment 6:
1, select plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient is containing the plot of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 39～44mg/kg, available phosphorus 10.3～22.5mg/kg, available potassium 73～92mg/kg.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:7.9kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:5kg.
Fertilizing method: more than mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, corn fertilizer (N:P
2o
5: K
2o=5:10:20) 50kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides secondary to impose: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 28kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
3, meticulous whole ground: water vola moisture in the soil water, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg) in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. two ditch overlay films: select fabric width 70-80 ㎝, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ㎜; Mu consumption 3kg left and right; By planning banding pattern overlay film, require film to want close proximity to ground with overlay film facility.
2. select breeding: select compact kind Zheng Dan 958 or first beautiful 335.
3. in good time early sowing: be advisable with late April, strive for sowing about April 30 complete.
4. rational close planting: banding pattern 1.2m, adopt wide-narrow row planting mode, with hill-drop planter sowing, Zheng Dan 958: wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row is apart from 40 ㎝, and mu stays seedling 5000-5500 strain.
5. chemical weed control: 150 milliliters/mu of every mu of use " beautiful agriculture think of " before overlay film, are watered 50kg/ mu and seal spraying, controlling weeds.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertill: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling when 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time, in intertillage process, topdresses.
2. pour water: early stage is Controlled irrigation number of times suitably, restraining the growth of seedlings prevents from excessive growth from causing lodging in good time; Water simultaneously and emerge, take out the key water such as male, ensure not lack of water of pustulation period.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
The present invention is in conjunction with the nutrient uptake feature of spring corn, according to soil of different fertility feeder capability and yield target, determine the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the plant physiology problem of avoiding blindly fertilising and excessive fertilization to cause, join and execute by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, be organicly combined with inorganic phase, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, thereby effectively increase aeolian sandy soil Spring Corn Yield, reach high yield, abridged edition, efficient object.
Claims (5)
1. a cultivation method that improves aeolian sandy soil Spring Corn Yield, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The first step, selects plot;
1) for high fertility plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient is containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=45mg/kg, available phosphorus >=22.6mg/kg, the plot of available potassium >=93mg/kg;
2) for middle fertility plot: select physical features smooth, have irrigation conditions, soil nutrient is containing the plot of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 39～44mg/kg, available phosphorus 10.3～22.5mg/kg, available potassium 73～92mg/kg;
Second step, for different fertility plot, correspondence is carried out rational application of fertilizers;
1) for high fertility plot: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:10.5kg, P
2o
5: 2.2kg, K
2o:4.5kg;
2) for middle fertility plot: mu organic fertilizer 5000kg, pure nutrient N:7.9kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:5kg;
The 3rd step, carries out whole ground to the plot after fertilising;
Comprise and water vola moisture in the soil water, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil;
The 4th step, precisely sowing on the plot through whole ground;
1) select breeding: select compact kind Zheng Dan 958 or first beautiful 335;
2) covering with plastic film: 150 milliliters/mu of every mu of use " beautiful agriculture think of " before overlay film, be watered 50kg/ mu, seal spraying, controlling weeds; Select fabric width 70～80 ㎝, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ㎜, mu consumption 3kg;
3) dense planting sowing: banding pattern 1.2m, adopts wide-narrow row planting mode; Zheng Dan 958: wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row is apart from 40 ㎝, and mu stays seedling 5000～5500 strains;
The 5th step, field management;
1) put seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertill: after planting check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to 3～4 leaf thinnings; Final singling when 5～6 leaf; In the process of intertillage, topdress;
2) pouring: answer Controlled irrigation number of times early stage, restraining the growth of seedlings prevents from excessive growth from causing lodging; Water simultaneously and emerge, take out Xiong Shui, ensure not lack of water of pustulation period;
3) extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat in time while finding mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite;
4) results: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, suitably receives evening.
2. the cultivation method of raising aeolian sandy soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting for the high fertility of aeolian sandy soil plot in described second step comprises following several:
Fertilizing method one: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, urea 5kg, superphosphate 60kg, potassium chloride 18kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides and imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 15kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, and the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and imposes carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time;
Fertilizing method two: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, diammonium phosphate 15.6kg, potassium chloride 18kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, and the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and imposes carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time;
Fertilizing method three: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, 35% corn fertilizer 50kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Described corn fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=5:12:18; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 30kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 20kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
3. the cultivation method of raising aeolian sandy soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting for fertility plot in aeolian sandy soil in described second step comprises following several:
Fertilizing method one: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, urea 5kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium chloride 20kg, the each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides and imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, and the 13 leaves urea 28kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and imposes carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time;
Fertilizing method two: mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, diammonium phosphate 13kg, potassium chloride 20kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes for three times: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, and the 13 leaves urea 27kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and imposes carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time;
Fertilizing method three: more than mu bottom application fertilizer 5000kg, corn fertilizer 50kg, the each 1kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Described corn fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=5:10:20; Nitrogenous fertilizer divides secondary to impose: the nine leaves urea 10kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes for the first time, the 13 leaves urea 28kg that wholeheartedly spreads manuer in holes, weaves silk for the third time and impose carbonic hydroammonium 16kg with water in latter 10 days for the second time.
4. the cultivation method of raising aeolian sandy soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the 3rd described step, poison bait, for mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stirs ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg.
5. the cultivation method of raising aeolian sandy soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3 in the 5th described step) control mythimna separata employing pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva adopts Furadan particle 1g/ strain top to throw the heart; Control two spotted spider mite adopts sweeps the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
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| CN105613014B (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2019-04-12 | 河南农业大学 | High yield cultivating method based on corn C N metabolism difference |
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