CN103947495A - Dryland direct sowing cultivation technique for rice - Google Patents
Dryland direct sowing cultivation technique for rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a dryland direct sowing cultivation technique for rice. The technique comprises the steps of soil preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, sowing, weeding, resowing, plant supplement and irrigation, fertilization, inset prevention, and the like. During the cultivation process, through optimization of an excellent suitable variety, a reasonable and scientific farmland management plan, and weeding techniques, the dryland direct sowing technique for the rice can be realized directly; besides, the dryland direct sowing cultivation technique has obvious advantages in yield, weeding, and the like, and solves the problems that a great mount of manpower needs to be consumed in rice transplant techniques in the prior art and a number of farmland is not suitable for water direct seeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique.
Background technology
Rice direct-seeding is exactly not carry out seedling, transplanting and a kind of planting type of directly seed being sowed to land for growing field crops.Rice direct-seeding has following advantage: the one, and saving of labor, laborsaving.Lively exempted traditional seedling, transplanted recruitment, and saved rice seedling bed, made Rice Production simple and easy easily; The 2nd, output is high; Because Direct-seeding Rice is more conducive to low joint position, tiller, ear stem is optimized reasonable disposition, and main tiller fringe is neat and consistent substantially, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, and total spike number is many, and large area is produced the general volume increase 5% of the upper more traditional transplanting rice of direct seading rice; The 3rd, reduction in the life period.Direct seading rice without pulling up seedlings, plant wound and plant after the process of turning green, thereby growing process accelerates, generally shorten 5-7 days than the paddy rice of transplanting the same period breeding time; The 4th, be conducive to development scaleization and produce.Large area rice direct-seeding can be saved a large amount of labours, alleviates the seasonal nervous contradiction of labour, to realizing lightness, specialization, the scale of Rice Production, has great significance, and has wide promotion prospect.But compare with transplanting rice, first the key of Direct-seeding Rice is to save from damage seedling, reaches Miao Qimiao strong, is secondly management of weeds, the seedling of transplanting rice is higher, field has again water layer to cover, unfavorable weeds propagation and widespread, and direct sowing rice field, paddy rice grows together with weeds, weeds are first unearthed and have occupied advantage, take advantage of rice seedling and take root the chance breeding of vertical seedling stage draining dry field and grow, the rice seedling of causing harm; The 3rd is to prevent lodging, and Direct-seeding Rice seed is broadcast at upper soll layer, the exposed field of tillering node face, and root system buries shallow, adds that seedling number is many, and tillering capacity is high, and basal internode is elongated, easily lodges.Therefore for rice direct-seeding, resolving these problems is even more important.
For some fields, if first crop lotus root field, field is relatively become silted up simultaneously, as adopted water direct seeding, just easily occurs silt kind again, and rotten kind, rotten bud, phenomenon, cause and be short of seedling, and inconvenient manual operation.If can have like this and a kind ofly completely newly broadcast sowing for the mode that is only suitable for nonirrigated farmland sowing, can produce live advantage like this, can avoid again the various adverse effects of live generation.
Summary of the invention
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique, by preferred superior applicable kind, farmland management scheme and the weeding technology of reasonable science, can directly realize paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct seeding technique, and have obvious advantage at aspects such as output, weedings, solve prior art rice transplanting technology and need consume the problem that a large amount of manpowers and some fields are not suitable for water direct seeding.
The present invention is specifically achieved through the following technical solutions:
A direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique, comprises the following steps:
A, whole ground: early turn over and allow weeds, rice stub rot as early as possible; Field will be divided furrow, and furrow are wide 2-3 meters, requires the furrow face discrepancy in elevation to be no more than 1 cun; Furrow face is neither too hard, nor too soft, generally prior to seeding 1-2 days smooth good, after mud sediment, sow again; Want irrigation canals and ditches supporting, ditch ditch is connected, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, guarantees not ponding of furrow face;
B, seed selection: select that seedling resistance is good, early stage early growth and quick tiller, tillering ability is moderate, premunition is strong, plant is shorter, lodging resistant force is strong rice varieties;
C, seed treatment: fine day is basked seeds 1～2 day, seed is after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating, and the not vernalization of only soaking seed, will finally obtain seed and carry out Cotton seeds;
D, sowing: in field, scatter seeds, first broadcast 70% seed, then it is rare with 30% seed, to fill a vacancy, every mu of ground seeding quantity is 3～5 kilograms;
E, weeding:
After planting, before seed does not germinate, epipodium horse race water, treats that nature falls to doing with 100～120 milliliters of/mu of sprinklings of 60% Evil grass butachlor ec, and keeps field face moistening;
When rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart, select 60-70 gram/acre of sprinkling of 36% benzyl dichloro wetting powder;
In rice tillering latter stage, to advanced age barnyard grass, nutgrass flatsedge and the more field of broad leaved weed, can select 2.5% penoxsuam oil suspension emulsion 80ml/ mu, to moleplant seed larger field in grass age, can select 10% a thousand pieces of gold missible oil 80ml/ mu, to moleplant seed 10% a thousand pieces of gold missible oil consumption 100ml/ mu more than 5 leaves;
Above application method: all to the even hand spray of water 40kg, first drain water layer before dispenser, rehydration keeping more than 5 days in 36 hours after medicine;
F, reseed, mend seedling: the every reserved 2-3kg seed rice in field during first watering, and the same period presoaking and germinating, after first watering finishes, water inlet field mouth or the place of washing upside down the ridge are reseeded in time, in the paddy rice 5-6 leaf phase, should to the blank spot in rice field, limit, the ridge, rand, manually mend seedling, save seedling from damage in time;
G, pour water, fertilising, insect protected.
The paddy rice product of choosing seeds in step b further, is hundred million excellent No. 6;
Further, in step c, Cotton seeds adopts dry-raised nurse reagent to adopt dressing to seed, by 3～4 kilograms of per kilogram dry-raised nurse reagent capsuled seeds;
Further, in step c, Cotton seeds adopts the clever reagent of seed soaking to adopt dressing to seed, 1 the clever reagent of seed soaking is to 20 jin, water, 8 jin of clean seeds are immersed, and after stirring, soak 48 hours, liquid level exceeds 10 centimetres of seed aspects, in indoor seed soaking, after 48 hours, drag for not Cui's bud of kind of refreshing water, seed is refreshing dry rear tack-free;
Further, in steps d seed broadcasting in 1～2 soil layer on top layer, field;
Further, continuous overcast and rainy field after planting in step e, after becoming a fine day to sowing the direct sowing rice field of more than 4 days eliminating not yet, if weeds also do not occur, or grass is very little age, use consumption is that the phonetic third careless amine wetting powder of 40% benzyl of 60～100 grams every mu carries out closed soil treatment; Within 1～2 day before rain, use sealing weed killer herbicide, but because rainfall land for growing field crops face is subject to the field that rain drop erosion is heavier, medicine layer is destroyed, mend after the rain phonetic the third careless amine wetting powder of 40% benzyl of executing every mu of dosage 60-80 gram;
Further, in step e, during rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart, for the more field of aquatic weed, add grand 20 grams/acre of the close sulphur of pyrrole, to the even hand spray of water 40kg, before dispenser, first drain water layer, 36 hours rehydrations keeping more than 5 days after medicine;
Further, the foundation of pouring water in step g: sowing not go up furrow face to 3 leaf phase water, keeps there is water in furrow ditch, if but to there is silk in furrow face split, can between the lights or fill with the water of having a ride on a horse early morning; Tri-leaf period is to late tillering state intermittent irrigation, timely dry field of the middle and later periods of tillering.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: direct-sowing dry technology of the present invention can be in existing transplanting rice technology or water direct seeding technical foundation; live object is realized in the field that can also be not suitable for water direct seeding sowing paddy rice for some when saving a large amount of manpower consumption, produces the advantage of saving of labor, laborsaving, high yield and large-scale production.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Direct sowing culture is according to whole the soil water regime during with sowing, and the irrigation method before and after sowing, divide into water direct seeding, the large type of direct-sowing dry two, because first crop is lotus root field, field is relatively become silted up, as adopted water direct seeding again, just easily occur becoming silted up planting, rotten kind, rotten bud, phenomenon, cause and be short of seedling, and inconvenient manual operation.And direct-sowing dry is ploughed rake and seeding operation all carries out before pouring water, labour intensity is low, and whole ground, seeding operation are not subject to the restriction of source of irrigation water, can do sth. in advance operation, do not miss farming season.Direct-sowing dry of the present invention can be sown into seed rice in the soil layer of 1-2 centimetre, and tillering node is in soil layer, and capacity for the resistance to lodging is stronger than water direct seeding, so direct-sowing dry possesses obvious advantage.
A direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique, comprises the following steps:
A, whole ground:
Early turn over and allow weeds, rice stub rot as early as possible; Field will be divided furrow, and furrow are wide 2-3 meters, requires the furrow face discrepancy in elevation to be no more than 1 cun; Furrow face is neither too hard, nor too soft, generally prior to seeding 1-2 days smooth good, after mud sediment, sow again; Want irrigation canals and ditches supporting, ditch ditch is connected, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, guarantees not ponding of furrow face.
B, seed selection:
Select that seedling resistance is good, early stage early growth and quick tiller, tillering ability is moderate, premunition is strong, plant is shorter, lodging resistant force is strong rice varieties, if paddy rice product is hundred million excellent No. 6, this product plant type is compact, leaf look upper punch, so seeding quantity can correspondingly increase, is conducive to increase production; Its stiff in straw, capacity for the resistance to lodging is strong, so density of transplants can increase, is conducive to volume increase, therefore can significantly increase live output; The dark green photosynthesis of this kind blade is strong in addition, fertilizer resistance anti-lodging is disease-resistant, the grain of rice is elongated, and aspect ratio reaches 3.2, the white grain of chalk rate 7%, know chain amount of starch 19.3%, 81 millimeters of glue denseness, main physical and chemical standards reaches national grain quality rice standard, belongs to national grain quality rice, general field per mu yield reaches 1100 jin of left and right, and high yield field is produced and reached more than 1300 jin.Certainly the present invention does not limit the type of kind, in order better to adapt to live demand, and can be more by this kind or other close kinds of feature.
C, seed treatment:
Fine day is basked seeds 1～2 day, and seed is after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating, and the not vernalization of only soaking seed, will finally obtain seed and carry out Cotton seeds.Here seed is after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating, only soak seed not vernalization (although vernalization can make to sprout neatly, but because sowing area is large, lid seed, upper water are not in time, if meet high temperature and drought weather a couple of days during sowing, urged the seed of bud to be affected, if meet rainy weather, sprout just fast, if the rainy weather not had sowing had better not vernalization, the son of reserving seed for planting slowly absorbs soil moisture and is beneficial to seed sprouting).Rice direct-seeding General Requirements carries out seed pelleting by non-irrigated seedling type " dry-raised nurse ", " dry-raised nurse " is the agent of paddy rice special medicated fertilizer slowly-releasing high water absorbing seed, that employing water-loss reducer and sustained release agent are matrix, with various mineral clay-phase compatibilities, the functional aids such as auxiliary bactericide, insecticide, plant growth regulator, ecological organic fertilizer and micro-fertilizer, through the compound powdery seed coat agent developing of super-fine processing.The seed that in the present invention, non-irrigated seedling type " dry-raised nurse " carries out seed pelleting does not need vernalization, as long as the seed rice after selected is dipped to after suctioning water and is dressed seed in clear water, soaks about 12 hours just passablely, and seed soaking time is too short, emerges slower, and germination rate is lower; Seed soaking time is long, easily there is rotten kind, the seed rice having soaked is pulled out, after rinsing with clear water, drop does not drip and gets final product dressing to seed rice, ratio in 3～4 kilograms of per kilogram " dry-raised nurse " coated rice seeds, is placed in round bottom container by seed coat agent, then the seed rice soaking is added at leisure to the dressing that rolls in container, limit edged stirs, until seed coat agent is all wrapped on seed, after seed dressing, slightly dry, can sow; If need not " dry-raised nurse " carry out seed pelleting, with " seed soaking spirit " 1 to 20 jin, water, 8 jin of clean seeds are immersed, and after stirring, in liquid, soak 48 hours, liquid exceeds 10 centimetres of seed aspects, in indoor seed soaking, after 48 hours, drag for not Cui's bud of kind of refreshing water, wait that seed is refreshing tack-freely after dry just can be sowed.
D, sowing:
In field, scatter seeds, first broadcast 70% seed, with 30% seed, fill a vacancy rare, every mu of ground seeding quantity is 3～5 kilograms, is preferably 4.5 kilograms again, by after the planting seed of dressing, with machine cover kind (reach and do not reveal kind), preferably seed broadcasting, in 1～2 soil layer on top layer, field, prevents from revealing seed and bird pest and rain drop erosion again, after lid seed, epipodium horse race water, falls dry naturally.
E, weeding:
Direct seading rice must carry out chemical weed control in time, and this is also one of success or failure factors of rice direct-seeding, and preventing and kill off of direct sowing rice weed can be taked the technology of " envelope, two is killed, three benefits "
One envelope: after planting before seed does not germinate, epipodium horse race water, treat that nature falls to doing with 100～120 milliliters of/mu of sprinklings of 60% Evil grass butachlor ec, and keep field face moistening, the thing needing must dispenser before seed rice germinates, ground will flatten whole thin, high dose during soil drought, can not drain spray and respray, after medicine, keep field face moistening but there is no ponding, meet the timely draining of rain, meet drought and fill with horse race water benefit moisture in the soil, if Direct-seeding Rice is after planting as continuous rainy weather, often there is the situations such as field ponding, cause using in time weed killer herbicide, or the field of executing weed killer herbicide is subject to rain drop erosion because of soil table, medicine soil layer is destroyed and affect preventive effect, for guaranteeing herbicidal effect, to broadcasting the rear chance direct sowing rice field of wet weather continuously, after taking a turn for the better, weather can take following remedial measure:
(1) after becoming a fine day to sowing the direct sowing rice field of more than 4 days eliminating not yet, if weeds also do not occur, or grass is very little age, using consumption is that the phonetic third careless amine wetting powder of 40% benzyl of 60～100 grams every mu carries out closed soil treatment; Within 1～2 day before rain, use sealing weed killer herbicide, but because rainfall land for growing field crops face is subject to the field that rain drop erosion is heavier, medicine layer is destroyed, mend after the rain phonetic the third careless amine wetting powder of 40% benzyl of executing every mu of dosage 60-80 gram, after medicine, need only not ponding of field face, paddy growth is had no adverse effects;
(2) during rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart, for the more field of aquatic weed, add grand 20 grams/acre of the close sulphur of pyrrole, to the even hand spray of water 40kg, before dispenser, first drain water layer, 36 hours rehydrations keeping more than 5 days after medicine;
When phonetic the third careless amine wetting powder of (3) 40% benzyls delays to use, to the preventive effect of the gramineous grasses such as barnyard grass, can decline, but the preventive effect impact on broadleaved herb is very little, so field to extension medication, as long as in the 3 leaf phases of rice shoot, 100 milliliters of 30 grams of every mu of use 50% dichloro quinolinic acid wetting powders or 10% cyhalofop-butyl missible oils add water spray, conventionally just can effectively control weeds and endanger.
Two kill: when rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart, selecting 60-70 gram/acre of sprinkling of 36% benzyl dichloro wetting powder, is lotus root field for first crop, aquatic weed is more, add grand 20 grams/acre of the close sulphur of pyrrole, to the even hand spray of water 40kg, before dispenser, first drain water layer, 36 hours rehydrations keeping more than 5 days after medicine.
Three mend: in rice tillering latter stage, to advanced age barnyard grass, nutgrass flatsedge and the more field of broad leaved weed, can select 2.5% penoxsuam oil suspension emulsion 80ml/ mu, to moleplant seed larger field in grass age, can select 10% a thousand pieces of gold missible oil 80ml/ mu, to moleplant seed 10% a thousand pieces of gold missible oil consumption 100ml/ mu more than 5 leaves;
Above application method: all to the even hand spray of water 40kg, first drain water layer before dispenser, rehydration keeping more than 5 days in 36 hours after medicine.
F, reseed, mend seedling:
The every reserved 2-3kg seed rice in field during first watering, and the same period presoaking and germinating, after first watering finishes, water inlet field mouth or the place of washing upside down the ridge are reseeded in time, in the paddy rice 5-6 leaf phase, should to the blank spot in rice field, limit, the ridge, rand, manually mend seedling, save seedling from damage in time, while mending seedling, ridge is carried out to heightening and consolidation, mend again seedling after filling and leading up ridge ditch, to expand effective area, increase rice yield, mend seedling and should before June 30, finish as far as possible.
G, pour water, fertilising, insect protected:
The irrigation of direct seading rice must adhere to the bud phase and seedling stage moistening, tiller early stage intermittent irrigation, the middle and later periods dry field early of tillering, will early put field, heavily put field, heading stage is filled with a cun water in booting, and the strong seed phase is done wet principle of irrigating, specifically rest in sow to tri-leaf period water do not go up furrow face, keep there is water in furrow ditch, if but to there is silk in furrow face split, can between the lights or fill with horse race water early morning; Tri-leaf period is to late tillering state intermittent irrigation, timely dry field of the middle and later periods of tillering;
Aspect fertilising, because field soil fertility is higher, unsuitable basal dressing, in fertilising, fertilizing amount is depending on soil fertility and the paddy rice growth of cereal crop seedlings, Rice Leaf color depth, and fertility development is prosperous, should not chase after or chase after less, blade do not endure, not yellowly do not apply fertilizer, and prevents the prosperous length of paddy rice and causes lodging to affect rice yield;
Controlling aspect worm, direct seading rice seedling is many, and early, field covers envelope row, and sick worm incidence is higher, must be noted that disease insect pest situation report, carries out in time integrated control.
Direct-sowing dry rice-cultivating technology of the present invention, direct-sowing dry can be sown into seed in the soil layer of 1-2 centimetre, tillering node is in soil layer, capacity for the resistance to lodging is stronger than water direct seeding, avoided some field relatively to become silted up, as adopted again water direct seeding, just easily occurred becoming silted up planting, rotten kind, rotten bud, phenomenon and the problem of being short of seedling that causes can also reach the live multiple advantage of sowing seeds and producing simultaneously.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, whole ground: early turn over and allow weeds, rice stub rot as early as possible; Field will be divided furrow, and furrow are wide 2-3 meters, requires the furrow face discrepancy in elevation to be no more than 1 cun; Furrow face is neither too hard, nor too soft, generally prior to seeding 1-2 days smooth good, after mud sediment, sow again; Want irrigation canals and ditches supporting, ditch ditch is connected, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, guarantees not ponding of furrow face;
B, seed selection: select that seedling resistance is good, early stage early growth and quick tiller, tillering ability is moderate, premunition is strong, plant is shorter, lodging resistant force is strong rice varieties;
C, seed treatment: fine day is basked seeds 1～2 day, seed is after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating, and the not vernalization of only soaking seed, will finally obtain seed and carry out Cotton seeds;
D, sowing: in field, scatter seeds, first broadcast 70% seed, then it is rare with 30% seed, to fill a vacancy, every mu of ground seeding quantity is 3～5 kilograms;
E, weeding:
After planting, before seed does not germinate, epipodium horse race water, treats that nature falls to doing with 100～120 milliliters of/mu of sprinklings of 60% Evil grass butachlor ec, and keeps field face moistening;
When rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart, select 60-70 gram/acre of sprinkling of 36% benzyl dichloro wetting powder;
In rice tillering latter stage, to advanced age barnyard grass, nutgrass flatsedge and the more field of broad leaved weed, can select 2.5% penoxsuam oil suspension emulsion 80ml/ mu, to moleplant seed larger field in grass age, can select 10% a thousand pieces of gold missible oil 80ml/ mu, to moleplant seed 10% a thousand pieces of gold missible oil consumption 100ml/ mu more than 5 leaves;
Above application method: all to the even hand spray of water 40kg, first drain water layer before dispenser, rehydration keeping more than 5 days in 36 hours after medicine;
F, reseed, mend seedling: the every reserved 2-3kg seed rice in field during first watering, and the same period presoaking and germinating, after first watering finishes, water inlet field mouth or the place of washing upside down the ridge are reseeded in time, in the paddy rice 5-6 leaf phase, should to the blank spot in rice field, limit, the ridge, rand, manually mend seedling, save seedling from damage in time;
G, pour water, fertilising, insect protected.
2. a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the paddy rice product of choosing seeds in step b is hundred million excellent No. 6.
3. a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step c, Cotton seeds adopts dry-raised nurse reagent to adopt dressing to seed, by 3～4 kilograms of per kilogram dry-raised nurse reagent capsuled seeds.
4. a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step c, Cotton seeds adopts the clever reagent of seed soaking to adopt dressing to seed, and 1 the clever reagent of seed soaking, to 20 jin, water, immerses 8 jin of clean seeds, and after stirring, soak 48 hours, liquid level exceeds 10 centimetres of seed aspects, in indoor seed soaking, after 48 hours, drag for not Cui's bud of kind of refreshing water, seed is refreshing dry rear tack-free.
5. a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in steps d, seed broadcasting is in 1～2 soil layer on top layer, field.
6. a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, continuous overcast and rainy field after planting in step e, after becoming a fine day to sowing the direct sowing rice field of more than 4 days eliminating not yet, if weeds also do not occur, or grass is very little age, use consumption is that the phonetic third careless amine wetting powder of 40% benzyl of 60～100 grams every mu carries out closed soil treatment; Within 1～2 day before rain, use sealing weed killer herbicide, but because rainfall land for growing field crops face is subject to the field that rain drop erosion is heavier, medicine layer is destroyed, mend after the rain phonetic the third careless amine wetting powder of 40% benzyl of executing every mu of dosage 60-80 gram.
7. a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step e during rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart, for the more field of aquatic weed, add grand 20 grams/acre of the close sulphur of pyrrole, to the even hand spray of water 40kg, before dispenser, first drain water layer, 36 hours rehydrations keeping more than 5 days after medicine.
8. a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field culture technique as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the foundation of pouring water in step g: sowing to 3 leaf phase water not go up furrow face, keeps there is water in furrow ditch, if but to there is silk in furrow face split, can between the lights or fill with the water of having a ride on a horse early morning; Tri-leaf period is to late tillering state intermittent irrigation, timely dry field of the middle and later periods of tillering.
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| CN111955296A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-11-20 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | Rice dry direct seeding cultivation method |
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| CN115104492A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-09-27 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Simple and easy cultivation method for rice seed buds with zero pollution discharge |
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