CN109349038A - Paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods - Google Patents
Paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of free-plowing and directly-seeding planting technologies, specifically disclose a kind of paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods.Mainly existing no-tillage and direct-seeding technology is studied and improved in paddy field with ponded water in winter ratooning rice accumulation field of planting, nitrogenous fertilizer is mainly reflected in and is divided to 4 applications: head season two leaves, one heart stage application seed manure, tillering stage in head season application tillering fertilizer, head season panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage application ear manuer, head season full heading time application grain bud fertilizer；The application mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer during the seed manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, grain bud are fertile are as follows: 1.4~1.6:1.4~1.6:0.9~1.1:1；Nitrogen application total amount is 150~180kghm‑2.Its advantage is that: 1) with local tradition turn over transplanting accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods compared with, 2358~3053 yuan of hm of cost-saving synergistic‑2.2) yield in regeneration season is significantly improved compared with existing no-tillage and direct-seeding planting technology, solves the technical problem that existing no-tillage and direct-seeding technology is not suitable for the plantation of paddy field with ponded water in winter area ratooning rice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Rice Cropping technology, especially a kind of free-plowing and directly-seeding planting technology.
Background technique
Due to China's urbanization and industrialized fast development, so that the rice field that major grain producing area can be used for Rice Cropping is fast
Speed is reduced.Based on the factors such as the reduction of per unit area yield growth rate and cultivated area decline, raising arable land multiple crop index, which just becomes, ensures me
The effective way of state's total grain output sustainable growth.But by labor shortage, benefit be low etc., factors are restricted for traditional double cropping of rice plantation,
Sown area from the 71% of the 1970s drop in recent years 40% or so.
Ratooning rice is to give suitable Wen Guangshui and nutrient condition using the resting bud survived on rice stub after the harvesting of head season,
It is allowed to sprout regenerated tiller, and then mature rice of earing.Compared with double cropping of rice, ratooning rice has breeding time short (regeneration season fertility
Phase is generally between 60~85 days), saving of labor, the advantages that abridged edition, the level of resources utilization is high, quality is good, high financial profit, plantation is again
Raw rice obviously becomes the important measures for alleviating that labour is nervous, raises the multiple-cropping index, increases rice field unit area rice yield,
And China succeeded at this stage breeding and identify one screwdriver bit season the high, kind (combination) that regeneration power is strong of yield.
(those skilled in the art can understand that heretofore described paddy field with ponded water in winter area refers to for Sichuan, existing winter water (spare time) field in Chongqing
Be kind year, rice one season or store ratooning rice, rice field lies fallow and keeps the rice of certain water layer during rice transplants seedlings after receiving to next year
It is area, typical such as 400 meters of rice region of hills below of In The Southeast of Sichuan Basin height above sea level) 8,000,000 mus or more, wherein ratooning rice area reaches
500~6,000,000 mu, area accounts for about the 70% of national area.But first rice crop and ratooning rice large area yield only have demonstration area
93% and 70%, compared with demonstration area, two season total yield reduce 1.5thm-2More than, trace it to its cause mainly include two aspects that first is that
As Urbanization in China accelerates the fast development with national economy, a large amount of rural area person between twenty and fifty labours shift to city, make
At rural laborer's shortage, traditional seedling cultivation of rice transplanting planting patterns large labor intensity, working efficiency be low, high production cost
It has been difficult to adapt to the requirement of modern Rice Production development；Second is that due to rural laborer's shortage, a large amount of rice farmers are transplanted seedlings to save
Labour, first rice crop Planting Densities are excessively dilute, cause the effective fringe of first rice crop and ratooning rice mother stem deficiency and constrain the formation of high yield.Separately
Outside, although traditional in recent years seedling cultivation of rice transplanting planting patterns is gradually replaced the machine transplanting of rice, and working efficiency has substantially
Raising, but high production cost, high energy consumption, plant injury are big, rice shoot is turned green, and the problems such as slow is prominent.Meanwhile Sichuan, Chongqing regenerate rice region
Belong to paddy field with ponded water in winter area mostly, since the water conservancy irrigation condition in the area is poor, farm machinery road construction in rice field is very backward, in addition field
Small, irregular, mud foot is deep, and farm machinery is gone to the field operation difficulty, seriously constrains the development of its modern rice industry.Therefore, exist
Cannot implement how to reduce Rice Cropping production cost in the case of mechanization, improve kind of a rice economic benefit, be that the region is anxious wait solve
Certainly the problem of.
Free-plowing and directly-seeding cultural method is that rice paddy seed is directly sown in the rice field surface without turning over or minimal tilling,
Rice paddy seed is set to emerge under suitable cultivation management, at fringe and maturation, which can keep higher rice to produce
Under the premise of amount, seedling, Honda farming and rice transplanting expense not only can be significantly saved, can also prevent the soil erosion and arable land from moving back
Change.The case where popularization of free-plowing and directly-seeding technology makes labor shortage has obtained preferable alleviation, but rice types are straight at present
The technology of broadcasting is mainly used in the plantation of first rice crop, many studies have shown that, first rice crop is planted by the way of no-tillage and direct-seeding, passes through conjunction
The field management of reason equally can be realized first rice crop high yield, and labour is greatly saved relative to the technologies such as transplanting are turned over,
Reduce the degree of dependence to mechanized cultivation.
But current no-tillage and direct-seeding technology is not suitable for the plantation of paddy field with ponded water in winter area ratooning rice, is mainly reflected in and turns over traditional
The ratooning rices planting technologies such as transplanting are ploughed to compare, although no-tillage and direct-seeding can guarantee the high yield in season to a certain extent, regeneration
The yield in season but much declines, and inventor shows to plant in paddy field with ponded water in winter area using no-tillage and direct-seeding planting patterns by pilot experiment
Ratooning rice, regeneration season yield only have the 10~15% of head season, or even regeneration is usually had no harvest in season.It is straight that this undoubtedly affects rice types
Technology is broadcast in the popularization of paddy field with ponded water in winter ratooning rice planting area.
Summary of the invention
Season yield is regenerated to improve paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding technology, the present invention provides a kind of paddy field with ponded water in winter area rice
No-tillage and direct-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods, including
Following steps:
A, the rice varieties of suitable paddy field with ponded water in winter area ratooning rice plantation variety selection: are selected；
B, rice field prepares: in paddy field with ponded water in winter region, rice field preparation is carried out before sowing；
C, it sows: in sowing time by rice paddy seed uniform broadcasting to ready rice field surface；
D, Weeds distribution: reed time controll weeds in field；
E, water management；Carry out water management；
F, fertilizing management: carrying out fertilizing management, and wherein nitrogenous fertilizer is divided to 4 applications: two leaves, the one heart stage application of head season seed manure, head season
Tillering stage applies tillering fertilizer, head season panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage application ear manuer, head season full heading time application grain bud fertilizer；The seed manure, tillering fertilizer,
The application mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer in ear manuer, grain bud fertilizer are as follows: seed manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: grain bud fertilizer=1.4~1.6:1.4~1.6:
0.9~1.1:1；Nitrogen application total amount is 150~180kghm-2；
G, first rice crop gathers in: gathering in first rice crop in due course；
H, ratooning rice field management: ratooning rice field management is carried out；
I, ratooning rice is gathered in: gathering in ratooning rice in due course.
To improve regeneration season yield, inventor in paddy field with ponded water in winter area promotion and implementation no-tillage and direct-seeding accumulation ratooning rice planting technology
In recent years many researchs have been done.Research thinks that free-plowing and directly-seeding cultural method is applied to the plantation of paddy field with ponded water in winter area ratooning rice and mainly deposits
In following problems: (1) compared with traditional culturing and transplanting seedlings (generally sowing 5 days or so March), the sowing time of no-tillage and direct-seeding is postponed
It is two weeks similar that (in paddy field with ponded water in winter area, the seedling raising method of tradition culturing and transplanting seedlings mainly uses plastic film to cover seedling, heat insulating ability
Preferably, rotten kind, rotten seedling will not be caused cold spell in later spring has occurred；No-tillage and direct-seeding is directly the rice seed handled well in production
Son is sown in the soil surface without turning over, and is not covered with film, if sowed with traditional culturing and transplanting seedlings same period, it is possible to meet
Cause rotten kind, rotten seedling to cold spell in later spring, it is difficult to realize that one broadcasts full stand, cold spell in later spring after-culture again later, one will cause seed, manually at
This increase, two will cause the delay of harvest time in season, so influence regeneration season can safe neat fringe, be unfavorable for regenerating the height in season
It produces.Therefore it needs to postpone the temperature raising such as two weeks and is conducive to no-tillage and direct-seeding one after stablizing and broadcast full stand, reduce low temperature to no-tillage straight
Broadcast the harm of rice).In paddy field with ponded water in winter area, regular cold dew wind by the end of September every year, in order to avoid regeneration season heading flowering period is not by 9
The chilling damage of the end of month cold dew wind influences, and prevents it from safe neat fringe, and the kind that breeding time can only be selected short (is typically only capable to select
Precocious or extremely early mature rice varieties), but Different Rice Varieties During Growth Duration is too short is unfavorable for rice high yield, causes a season and regenerates the production in season
It measures all lower.(2) middle early rice varieties (130~140 days breeding times) are selected for guarantee head season high yield；But kind breeding time
Extend, be easy to cause a season and the opposite postponement of regeneration maturity period in season, the risk that the regeneration later period in season meets with cold dew wind greatly increases, shadow
Heading flowering is rung, To yield of ratooning crop decline, or even total crop failure are in turn resulted in.(3) in the processing scheme of our early stages, to guarantee head season
High yield selects mid-early maturity rice varieties (130~140 days breeding times), while in order to guarantee that a season is in due course mature, avoiding to regeneration
Ji Qisui is impacted, and does not apply in first rice crop full heading time or Shaoshi grain bud is fertile, to guarantee suitable period harvest first rice crop；But if
Not granules application bud fertilizer, even if adding hair seed manure after the harvesting of head season, it is also difficult to reach reduction due to not having and apply grain bud fertilizer or application
(granules application bud fertilizer does not cause the reason of regeneration bud death: one, rice is raw after neat fringe for purpose that is very few and causing a large amount of regeneration bud death
Long center is seed, and 90% or more photosynthate transports seed to, and the photosynthate for being assigned to regeneration bud is less and causes again
It sprouts death；Two, regenerate season high yield material base be first rice crop production photosensitizing substance under the premise of meeting its season high yield,
Remaining photosynthate is more, and the regeneration bud death rate is lower, and regeneration power is also stronger；Three, application grain bud fertilizer is conducive in right amount
First rice crop Leaf nitrogen content is improved, promotes the raising of Photosynthetic Rate, and then generate more photosensitizing substance, is assigned to regeneration
The photosynthate of bud is also more, will cause season Leaf nitrogen content decline without granules application bud fertilizer, leaf senile is too fast, photosynthetic speed
Rate declines rapidly, and photosynthate is insufficient, and it is less to be assigned to regeneration bud photosynthate, and causes regeneration bud mortality), and then lead
It causes regeneration season effective fringe deficiency and causes regeneration season yield decline.
Inventor implements the fertilizing management of no-tillage and direct-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods to paddy field with ponded water in winter area regarding to the issue above
Scheme is improved: be divided to nitrogenous fertilizer to 4 applications: head season two leaves, one heart stage application seed manure, tillering stage in head season apply tillering fertilizer, head
Season panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage applies ear manuer, head season full heading time application grain bud fertilizer；Nitrogenous fertilizer during the seed manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, grain bud are fertile
Apply mass ratio are as follows: seed manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: grain bud fertilizer=1.4~1.6:1.4~1.6:0.9~1.1:1；Nitrogen application is total
Amount is 150~180kghm-2。
It can be seen that the application that inventor eliminates nitrogenous fertilizer in base manure is mainly reflected in the improvement of fertilizing management scheme,
Accordingly have adjusted simultaneously seed manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, in grain bud fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer applicating ratio and application total amount.
Under the conditions of paddy field with ponded water in winter area is broadcast live, seed is relatively long to seedling growth to 1 heart time of 2 leaf from sowing, and seedling
It is seldom that seedling absorbs nitrogen before 2 leaf, 1 heart from soil, therefore even if base manure applies nitrogen and can not remarkably promote rice shoot overground part and root
(for culturing and transplanting seedlings rice, base manure, which applies nitrogen, can promote the growth of rice shoot overground part and root system after transplanting, shorten for the growth of system
Period of seedling establishment；But for Direct-seeding Rice, rice shoot is provided before 2 leaf, 1 heart mainly by endosperm, can be suitable by applying in time after 2 leaf, 1 heart
Seed manure is measured to provide required nitrogen, while period of seedling establishment is not present in Direct-seeding Rice, though so applying nitrogen for Direct-seeding Rice base manure has certain effect
But effect is unobvious.
In addition, under study for action it was also found that under the same conditions, base manure applies nitrogen full heading time and applies enough grain bud fertilizer again
Scheme compared with base manure does not apply the scheme that nitrogen full heading time applies enough grain bud fertilizer, do not apply nitrogen full heading time and apply enough grain bud fertilizer by base manure
Scheme make season full heading time leaf color shallow compared with the former, the maturity period in head season shifts to an earlier date relative to the former, to be conducive to regenerate
The neat fringe of Ji Anquan, and then be conducive to regenerate season high yield.Its effect is mainly reflected in first is that regenerating the wind of later period in season experience cold dew wind
Danger substantially reduces, second is that can choose breeding time relatively long rice varieties, as in the present invention breeding time at 130~140 days
Kind, thus improve regeneration season yield.
Seed manure is chiefly to facilitate the growth of first rice crop rice shoot, because nutrition is consumed substantially in endosperm after 2 leaf of rice shoot, 1 heart
It is complete, it needs to absorb more nutrient from soil, on the one hand applying nitrogen in right amount at this time can be improved rice shoot Leaf nitrogen content, improve blade
Photosynthetic rate, increase the accumulation of photosynthate；On the other hand it can promote tiller formation, the increase of effective fringe provides object for head season
Matter basis, and then realize head Ji Duosui high yield, while enough female stems can be also improved for the sprouting of regeneration season regeneration bud.Ear manuer is applied
With mainly promoting Floret differentiation and preventing grain husk flower from degenerating, promote the formation of big fringe on the basis of sufficient fringe.Grain bud fertilizer application is main
It is acted on of both having: second is that preventing regeneration bud dead, and then being regeneration season foot seedling first is that promoting first rice crop kernel grouting solid
More fringes, which are striven for high yield, lays material base, and the administration time of grain bud fertilizer is 3~5 days generally after head Ji Qisui.
It as a further improvement of the present invention, further include application phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in step F；The phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate
Phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer are potassium chloride fertilizer；Wherein potassium chloride fertilizer divides base manure and ear manuer according to base manure: ear manuer=0.9~1.1:1 matter
Amount compares application in two dressings；Phosphate fertilizer is all used as base manure to apply；The application total amount of the superphosphate phosphate fertilizer is calculated as with calcium superphosphate
600~700kghm-2, potassium chloride fertilizer application total amount is calculated as 160~200kghm with potassium chloride-2。
As a further improvement of the present invention, the sowing time of step C is 15~March of March 25, it is ensured that seedling stage in head season is not
Cold spell in later spring can be encountered.In addition, variety selection is the key that Rice Cropping technology of the invention succeeds, breeding time should be selected
It is suitable for paddy field with ponded water in winter local area ecological condition, the rice varieties that yield is high, regeneration power is strong etc..Due to the postponement in sowing time, no-tillage and direct-seeding
The maturity period of first rice crop need to be almost the same with the maturity period of the culturing and transplanting seedlings first rice crop of large area production, just can ensure that ratooning rice
The neat fringe of safety, so being preferably selected Early-medium maturing variety is advisable in variety selection, breeding time is preferably at 130~140 days.Rice
Kind breeding time is too short to be unfavorable for rice high yield, and Different Rice Varieties During Growth Duration is too long, regeneration season can safely neat fringe risk compared with
Greatly, so influence regeneration season yield, be unfavorable for two season high yield.
As a further improvement of the present invention, 7~10 days prior to seeding in step B, the fine date is selected, is sprayed
The property killed herbicide, which goes out, cuts weeds, and soaked field of pouring water after being spaced 3~5 days makes rice field surface soil soften, and then uniformly trench digging divides
Compartment.Its purpose one is easy for the determination of every compartment grain weight when sowing, it is ensured that uniformly, i.e., a point compartment is quantitatively sowed for sowing；Two are easy for
Water management after planting.First soaking seed 2~3 days before step C sowing ensures that seed does not break chest (i.e. blind valley), mixes bird repellent after drying
Agent prevents bird pest.
As a further improvement of the present invention, conventional Rice sowing quantity is 22.5~30kghm when step C is sowed-2, hybridization
Rice sowing quantity is 15~22.5kghm-2.Compared with hybrid paddy rice, the tillering ability of conventional rice variety is relatively weak, suitable increasing
Add application rate that can significantly increase unit area seed amount, be conducive to improve tiller number and number of productive ear, and then reaches high
The purpose of production.
As a further improvement of the present invention, after planting 3~5 days spraying herbicides in step D control weeds in field, tiller
Phase, spraying herbicide controlled barnyard grass again.After planting the not upper water in compartment face, compartment ditch can have water, holding ground moistening, until two leaves in step E
One heart stage, 2~3cm water layer on the face of compartment, tiller drain dry field control seedling when sealing field, then rehydration, to maturity period rice after Rice Heading
Field keeps soil moisture regime or 3~5cm water layer to irrigate.
As a further improvement of the present invention, first rice crop is gathered in when the seed yellow maturity in full field 93~97% in step G.I.e.
Harvesting first rice crop in due course, on the one hand harvesting first rice crop too early, it is inadequate to will lead to first rice crop Grain Ripening degree, under setting percentage is significant
Drop in turn results in the significant decrease of first rice crop yield；On the other hand too late harvesting first rice crop: one will lead to first rice crop postmaturity and
Make when harvesting because caused by a large amount of seed Automatic-fallings yield decline；When the harvesting of two seasons is too late, it will affect the heading of regeneration season and bloom
Phase increases the risk that regeneration season heading flowering period encounters low temperature.
As a further improvement of the present invention, stubble height is 25~30cm when gathering in step G.It is gathered in first rice crop
When, rice stub should be protected as far as possible, removes weeds in field, if hot weather gathers in first rice crop, should be sprinkled in time with water after harvesting and be poured rice
Stake, causes regeneration bud withered to prevent rice stub dehydration.Sending out seedling to heading stage uses 3~5cm shallow irrigation, and wetting irrigation for paddy field is extremely after neat fringe
It is mature.
As a further improvement of the present invention, ratooning rice is gathered in when the seed yellow maturity in full field 88~92%.Due to regeneration
The section that season regeneration bud is sprouted is different and causes its ripe phase also inconsistent, and the ripe phase of top section spike of rice is more early, lower part section rice
The ripe phase of fringe is slower；Harvesting ratooning rice too early, will lead to that Grain Ripening degree is inadequate, and setting percentage is remarkably decreased, and in turn result in regeneration
Yield significantly reduces；Because a large amount of seeds are automatic when too late harvesting first rice crop will lead to top section spike of rice postmaturity and make to gather in
It falls off and yield is caused to decline.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods of the invention with
Local tradition is turned over transplanting accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods and is compared, and the links such as seedling, the whole field of farming, rice transplanting are saved；It is no-tillage straight
The rice head season more traditional culturing and transplanting seedlings height of yield is broadcast, regeneration season yield is also suitable with traditional culturing and transplanting seedlings, than local traditional nursery
2358~3053 yuan of hm of transplanting rice high-yield planting technology cost-saving synergistic-2.2) paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding of the invention
Accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods not only ensure that the high yield in season compared with existing no-tillage and direct-seeding planting technology, and show
Write improve regeneration season yield, paddy field with ponded water in winter region use method of the invention, regeneration season yield up to head season 25~
35% or so, solve the technical problem that existing no-tillage and direct-seeding technology is not suitable for the plantation of paddy field with ponded water in winter area ratooning rice.3) biography is solved
Hand rice transplanting production cost of uniting is excessively high, the problem that seed rice economic benefit is extremely low or even good farmland pile famine is serious；Solves southwestern hills rice
The small irregular, productions, ecological condition limitation such as tractor road is unsound of area, field, cannot implement the problem of mechanization production；It solves
The problem of rural area person between twenty and fifty labour's immigrant laborers, there is a serious shortage of light prime of life farming labour.
Specific embodiment
For the output results of clear no-tillage and direct-seeding first rice crop accumulation ratooning rice technology of the present invention, applicant is in 2017 fraction of the year
Not in the good fortune collection of Sichuan Province Luzhou City Luxian County, 2, Yunlong town, 6~8 pieces of adjacent fields are selected, " tradition turns over transplanting for development respectively
Accumulation ratooning rice planting technology ", " no-tillage and direct-seeding planting technology ", " free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation regeneration in paddy field with ponded water in winter area of the invention
Seed rice planting technology " compares demonstration.Particular technique is as follows:
Comparative example one:
Tradition turns over transplanting accumulation ratooning rice planting technology:
(1) conventional Rice:
Head season (Huang Huazhan, 130 days breeding times) in March 7 sow, April 7 directly transplanting turn over it is smooth after rice
Field, Transplanting Density are 12.0~15.0 ten thousand cave hm-2, transplant to turning green using 3~5cm shallow irrigation, turn green to head season maturation
Phase keeps 3~10cm water layer, purity nitrogen 240kghm-2, superphosphate phosphate fertilizer 700kghm-2(in terms of calcium superphosphate), potassium chloride
Fertile 200kghm-2(in terms of potassium chloride)；Wherein nitrogenous fertilizer divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, 3 applications of fertilizer of grain bud, and applicating ratio is respectively
70%, 20%, 10%；Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer all make base manure.It is gathered in when the seed yellow maturity in full field 90% or so.Gather in first rice crop
When, rice stub stubble height is 35cm or so.Head gathers in regeneration season maturation and keeps 3~10cm water layer in season；When full field 90% or so
Seed yellow maturity when gather in ratooning rice in time.Two season output condition be shown in Table 1.
(2) hybrid paddy rice:
Head season (Rong excellent 1015,140 days breeding times) in March 7 sow, April 7 directly transplanting turn over it is smooth after rice
Field, Transplanting Density are 12.0~15.0 ten thousand cave hm-2, transplanting to turn green using shallow water (3~5cm) irrigate, turn green to head season at
The ripe phase keeps 3~10cm water layer, purity nitrogen 240kghm-2, superphosphate phosphate fertilizer 700kghm-2(in terms of calcium superphosphate), chlorination
Potash fertilizer 200kghm-2(in terms of potassium chloride)；Wherein nitrogenous fertilizer divides base manure, tillering fertilizer, 3 applications of fertilizer of grain bud, and applicating ratio is respectively
70%, 20%, 10%；Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer all make base manure.It is gathered in when the seed yellow maturity in full field 90% or so.Gather in first rice crop
When, rice stub stubble height is 35cm or so.Head gathers in regeneration season maturation and keeps 3~10cm water layer in season；When full field 90% or so
Seed yellow maturity when gather in ratooning rice in time.Two season output condition be shown in Table 1.
Comparative example two:
No-tillage and direct-seeding planting technology:
(1) conventional Rice:
1) kind Huang China is selected to account in variety selection head season, peasants who dig gold's silk seedling (conventional Rice, 130 days breeding times).
2) rice field prepares preceding 8 days of sowing, sprays the property killed herbicide and goes out and cut weeds, and soaked field of pouring water, and makes rice field surface soil
Earth softens, and then uniformly trench digging divides compartment.
3) sowing and seed treatment were sowed March 17, sowing quantity 30.0kghm-2, first soak seed 48h before sowing, kind
Son does not break chest, i.e. blind valley, mixes bird repellent after drying, prevents bird pest, rice paddy seed is then broadcasted sowing ready rice field surface,
It is required that sprinkling evenly substantially.
4) it applies within Weeds distribution after planting the 3rd day chemical herbicide, controls weeds in field, tillering stage 1 secondary control of spraying herbicide again
Barnyard grass processed.
5) after planting the not upper water in compartment face, compartment ditch had water, kept ground moistening, grow into until emerging water management head season
Wholeheartedly, 3cm shallow water on the face of compartment, tiller drains dry field control seedling when sealing field to two leaves, then rehydration, to maturity period rice field after Rice Heading
Keep 3cm water layer shallow irrigation.
6) balance fertilizing purity nitrogen 180kghm-2, superphosphate phosphate fertilizer 650kghm-2(in terms of calcium superphosphate), chlorination
Potash fertilizer 180kghm-2(in terms of potassium chloride).Wherein 4 applications of nitrogenous fertilizer point: application base manure, tillering stage in head season apply before the sowing of head season
With application hair seed manure after tillering fertilizer, head season panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage application ear manuer, the harvesting of head season；The base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, hair
The application mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer in seed manure are as follows: base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: hair seed manure=1.5:1.5:1:1, potassium chloride divide base manure: fringe
Fertilizer=1:1 is administered twice, and phosphate fertilizer makees whole base manure.
7) harvest first rice crop and stubble height gather in time when the seed yellow maturity in full field 95% or so in due course.Harvesting head
When season rice, rice stub stubble height is 25~30cm.
8) ratooning rice field management and harvesting protect rice stub as far as possible, remove weeds in field, anti-rice when first rice crop gathers in
Stake dehydration causes regeneration bud withered.Sending out seedling to heading stage uses 3cm shallow irrigation, and wetting irrigation for paddy field is to maturation after neat fringe.When full field
Ratooning rice is gathered in time when 90% or so seed yellow maturity.Two season output condition be shown in Table 1.
(2) hybrid paddy rice:
1) select that kind Rong is excellent 1015, interior 6 excellent 103 (hybrid paddy rice, 140 days breeding times) variety selection head season.
2) rice field prepares preceding 7 days of sowing, sprays the property killed herbicide and goes out and cut weeds, and soaked field of pouring water, and makes rice field surface soil
Earth softens, and then uniformly trench digging divides compartment.
3) sowing and seed treatment were sowed March 17, sowing quantity 18.0kghm-2, first soak seed 60h before sowing, kind
Son does not break chest, i.e. blind valley, mixes bird repellent after drying, prevents bird pest, rice paddy seed is then broadcasted sowing ready rice field surface,
It is required that sprinkling evenly substantially.
4) it applies within Weeds distribution after planting the 3rd day chemical herbicide, controls weeds in field, tillering stage 1 secondary control of spraying herbicide again
Barnyard grass processed.
5) after planting the not upper water in compartment face, compartment ditch had water, kept ground moistening, grow into until emerging water management head season
Wholeheartedly, 3cm shallow water on the face of compartment, tiller drains dry field control seedling when sealing field to two leaves, then rehydration, to maturity period rice field after Rice Heading
Keep 5cm water layer shallow irrigation.
6) balance fertilizing purity nitrogen 240kghm-2, superphosphate phosphate fertilizer 650kghm-2(in terms of calcium superphosphate), chlorination
Potash fertilizer 180kghm-2(in terms of potassium chloride).Wherein nitrogenous fertilizer is divided to 5 applications: applying base manure, two leaf of head season wholeheartedly before the sowing of head season
Phase applies the 5th day application grain after seed manure, tillering stage in head season application tillering fertilizer, head season panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage application ear manuer, head Ji Qisui
Bud fertilizer；The application mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer during the base manure, seed manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, grain bud are fertile are as follows: base manure: seed manure: tillering fertilizer: fringe
Fertilizer: grain bud fertilizer=1.5:1.5:1.5:1:1, potassium chloride divide base manure: ear manuer=1.1:1 is administered twice, and phosphate fertilizer makees whole base manure.
7) harvest first rice crop and stubble height gather in time when the seed yellow maturity in full field 95% or so in due course.Harvesting head
When season rice, rice stub stubble height is 25~30cm.
8) ratooning rice field management and harvesting protect rice stub as far as possible, remove weeds in field, anti-rice when first rice crop gathers in
Stake dehydration causes regeneration bud withered.Sending out seedling to heading stage uses 5cm shallow irrigation, and wetting irrigation for paddy field is to maturation after neat fringe.When full field
Ratooning rice is gathered in time when 90% or so seed yellow maturity.Two season output condition be shown in Table 1.
Embodiment:
Paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice planting technology of the invention:
(1) conventional Rice:
1) kind Huang China is selected to account in variety selection head season, peasants who dig gold's silk seedling (conventional Rice, 130 days breeding times).
2) rice field prepares preceding 8 days of sowing, sprays the property killed herbicide and goes out and cut weeds, and soaked field of pouring water, and makes rice field surface soil
Earth softens, and then uniformly trench digging divides compartment.
3) sowing and seed treatment were sowed March 17, sowing quantity 30kghm-2, first soak seed 48h before sowing, seed
Chest, i.e. blind valley are not broken, are mixed bird repellent after drying, are prevented bird pest, rice paddy seed is then broadcasted sowing into ready rice field surface,
It asks and sprinkles evenly substantially.
4) it applies within Weeds distribution after planting the 3rd day chemical herbicide, controls weeds in field, tillering stage 1 secondary control of spraying herbicide again
Barnyard grass processed.
5) after planting the not upper water in compartment face, compartment ditch had water, kept ground moistening water management head season, up to emergence grows into 2
1 heart of leaf, 3cm shallow water on the face of compartment, tiller drain dry field control seedling when sealing field, then rehydration, protect after Rice Heading to maturity period rice field
Hold 3cm water layer shallow irrigation.
6) balance fertilizing purity nitrogen 180kghm-2, superphosphate phosphate fertilizer 650kghm-2(in terms of calcium superphosphate), chlorination
Potash fertilizer 175kghm-2(in terms of potassium chloride).Wherein nitrogenous fertilizer is divided to 4 applications: two leaves, the one heart stage application of head season seed manure, the tiller of head season
Phase applies the 3rd day application grain bud fertilizer after tillering fertilizer, head season panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage application ear manuer, head Ji Qisui；The seed manure, tiller
The application mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer during fertilizer, ear manuer, grain bud are fertile are as follows: seed manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: grain bud fertilizer=1.5:1.5:1:1, chlorination
Potassium divides base manure: ear manuer=1:1 is administered twice, and phosphate fertilizer makees whole base manure.
7) harvest first rice crop and stubble height gather in time when the seed yellow maturity in full field 95% or so in due course.Harvesting head
When season rice, rice stub stubble height is 25~30cm.
8) ratooning rice field management and harvesting protect rice stub as far as possible, remove weeds in field, anti-rice when first rice crop gathers in
Stake dehydration causes regeneration bud withered.Sending out seedling to heading stage uses 3cm shallow irrigation, and wetting irrigation for paddy field is to maturation after neat fringe.When full field
Ratooning rice is gathered in time when 90% or so seed yellow maturity.Two season output condition be shown in Table 1.
(2) hybrid paddy rice:
1) select that kind Rong is excellent 1015, interior 6 excellent 103 (hybrid paddy rice, 140 days breeding times) variety selection head season.
2) rice field prepares preceding 7 days of sowing, sprays the property killed herbicide and goes out and cut weeds, and soaked field of pouring water, and makes rice field surface soil
Earth softens, and then uniformly trench digging divides compartment.
3) sowing and seed treatment were sowed March 17, sowing quantity 18.0kghm-2, first soak seed 48h before sowing, kind
Son does not break chest, i.e. blind valley, mixes bird repellent after drying, prevents bird pest, rice paddy seed is then broadcasted sowing ready rice field surface,
It is required that sprinkling evenly substantially.
4) it applies within Weeds distribution after planting the 3rd day chemical herbicide, controls weeds in field, tillering stage 1 secondary control of spraying herbicide again
Barnyard grass processed.
5) after planting the not upper water in compartment face, compartment ditch had water, kept ground moistening water management head season, up to emergence grows into 2
1 heart of leaf, 3cm shallow water on the face of compartment, tiller drain dry field control seedling when sealing field, then rehydration, protect after Rice Heading to maturity period rice field
Hold 5cm water layer shallow irrigation.
6) balance fertilizing purity nitrogen 180kghm-2, superphosphate phosphate fertilizer 650kghm-2(in terms of calcium superphosphate), chlorination
Potash fertilizer 180kghm-2(in terms of potassium chloride).Wherein 4 applications of nitrogenous fertilizer point: 2 leaf, the 1 heart stage application of head season seed manure, tillering stage in head season
The 5th day application grain bud is fertile after applying tillering fertilizer, head season panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage application ear manuer, head Ji Qisui；The seed manure, tillering fertilizer,
The application mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer in ear manuer, grain bud fertilizer are as follows: seed manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: grain bud fertilizer=1.6:1.4:1:1, potassium chloride point
Base manure: ear manuer=1.1:1 is administered twice, and phosphate fertilizer makees whole base manure.
7) harvest first rice crop and stubble height gather in time when the seed yellow maturity in full field 95% or so in due course.Harvesting head
When season rice, rice stub stubble height is 25~30cm.
8) ratooning rice field management and harvesting protect rice stub as far as possible, remove weeds in field, anti-rice when first rice crop gathers in
Stake dehydration causes regeneration bud withered.Sending out seedling to heading stage uses 5cm shallow irrigation, and Dry-wet alternate irrigation is to maturation after neat fringe.When
Ratooning rice is gathered in time when the seed yellow maturity in full field 90% or so.Two season output condition be shown in Table 1.
Table 1: production statistics table (thm-2)
Note: 0.05 difference of the alphabetical identical expression of same column same type variety protection is not significant.
Claims (14)
1. paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods, comprising the following steps:
A, variety selection；
B, rice field prepares；
C, it sows；
D, Weeds distribution；
E, water management；
F, fertilizing management: wherein nitrogenous fertilizer be divided to 4 times application: head season two leaves one heart stage application seed manure, tillering stage in head season application tillering fertilizer,
Head season panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage application ear manuer, head season full heading time application grain bud fertilizer；Nitrogenous fertilizer during the seed manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, grain bud are fertile
Application mass ratio are as follows: seed manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: grain bud fertilizer=1.4~1.6:1.4~1.6:0.9~1.1:1；Nitrogen application
Total amount is 150~180kghm-2；
G, first rice crop gathers in；
H, ratooning rice field management；
I, ratooning rice is gathered in.
2. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
It further include application phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in rapid F；The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate phosphate fertilizer, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride fertilizer；Wherein chlorination
Potash fertilizer divides base manure and ear manuer according to base manure: ear manuer=0.9~1.1:1 quality compares application in two dressings；Phosphate fertilizer is all used as base manure
Application；The application total amount of the superphosphate phosphate fertilizer is calculated as 600~700kghm with calcium superphosphate-2, the potassium chloride fertilizer application
Total amount is calculated as 160~200kghm with potassium chloride-2。
3. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
The sowing time of rapid C is 15~March of March 25.
4. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: step
Rice varieties of the selection breeding time at 130~140 days in rapid A.
5. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: grain
The Dressing date of bud fertilizer is 3~5 days after the neat fringe of first rice crop.
6. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
The property killed herbicide is sprayed within 7~10 days prior to seeding in rapid B going out and cut weeds, interval is poured water soaked field after 3~5 days, makes rice field surface
Soil softens, and then uniformly trench digging divides compartment.
7. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
First soaking seed 2~3 days before rapid C sowing ensures that seed does not break chest, mixes bird repellent after drying.
8. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Conventional Rice sowing quantity is 22.5~30kghm when rapid C sowing-2, hybrid paddy rice sowing quantity is 15~22.5kghm-2。
9. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
After planting 3~5 days spraying herbicides in rapid D, control weeds in field, tillering stage, spraying herbicide controlled barnyard grass again.
10. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
After planting water is not gone up in compartment face in step E, keeps ground moistening, and up to one heart stage of two leaves, field is sealed in 2~3cm water layer on the face of compartment, tiller
When drain dry field control seedling, then rehydration keeps soil moisture regime or 3~5cm water layer to fill after Rice Heading to maturity period rice field
It irrigates.
11. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
First rice crop is gathered in when the seed yellow maturity in full field 93~97% in step G.
12. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Stubble height is 25~30cm when gathering in step G.
13. free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods in paddy field with ponded water in winter area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Weeds in field is removed after first rice crop harvesting in step H, if hot weather gathers in first rice crop, is sprinkled in time with water after harvesting and pours rice
Stake, causes regeneration bud withered to prevent rice stub dehydration；Seedling is sent out to heading stage using the irrigation of 3~5cm water layer, wetting irrigation for paddy field is extremely after neat fringe
It is mature.
14. paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation described in any claim regenerates seed rice according to claim 1~13
Plant method, it is characterised in that: gather in ratooning rice when the seed yellow maturity in full field 88~92% in step I.
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