CN103814729A - High-efficiency lotus root and loach planting and breeding method - Google Patents
High-efficiency lotus root and loach planting and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814729A CN103814729A CN201410072747.8A CN201410072747A CN103814729A CN 103814729 A CN103814729 A CN 103814729A CN 201410072747 A CN201410072747 A CN 201410072747A CN 103814729 A CN103814729 A CN 103814729A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency lotus root and loach planting and breeding method. The method comprises the following steps of building of a pond, cultivating and managing of lotus roots, water cultivating, fry putting and managing of the loach, patrol inspection of the pond, harvesting, and the like. The method has the advantages that according to the influence of the lotus root substrate cultivating on the yield and efficiency of lotus roots, the scientific method of field arrangement, seed selection and cultivating, field management, proper-time harvesting and the like is provided for the lotus root substrate cultivation, the certain guidance is realized on the similar regions, the planting efficiency is obviously better than the planting efficiency of grain crops, such as rice and wheat, and the economic crops, such as peanut, and the economic benefit is higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural breeding, be specifically related to a kind of lotus rhizome loach and efficiently plant breeding method.
Background technology
Lotus rhizome, for the warm crop of happiness, is traditional nutrition and health care and dietotherapy treasure, and the kind lotus root history that it is long is being carried thick and heavy Farming Culture emotion and accumulation always.Loach belongs to Cypriniformes, Cobitidae, loach genus.Loach feeding habits are assorted, and premunition is strong, and lower oxygen concentration resistance is applicable to the cultivation of lotus root field very much, and delicious meat, nutritious simultaneously, have the title of " ginseng in water ", pharmaceutically has higher value, are one of important aquatic products of China's foreign trade outlet.In adjusting, hemorrhoid are received in beneficial gas, establishing-Yang, and treatment pruitus, mange, hemorrhoid, hepatitis etc. are had to certain effect.Loach is the nourishing food of unique flavor, at present at home with international market on all in very great demand.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lotus rhizome loach efficiently to plant breeding method, conscientiously to improve farmland economic benefit.
Technical scheme: in order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of lotus rhizome loach is efficiently planted breeding method, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) build in pond
Select hidding and sunny side, enter draining convenience, alkalescent substrate, build pond without the place of pesticide pollution, the dark 1.2m in pond, silt depth 50～60cm, water retention property is good; Water source is well water, and water quality meets water quality standard for fishery, and irrigation and drainage are convenient; Chi Geng; Reinforce, and cover on surrounding ring-type Yu Gou slope two ends and junction is all buried in the earth or plug concrete column and calcium-plastic board enters mud 30 cm note discharge outlet outside polythene nets inner side wire nettings interceptions in case loach escapes in surrounding with polythene nets more than 30 orders or white nylon wire, 30cm in mud is imbedded in lower end, and upper end exceeds Normal Water Surface 40cm; Intake-outlet adds block, prevents from that wild fishes from entering with loach to run away; Excavate multiple connected hole ditches of perching for loach Tanaka, hole ditch area sum accounts for 10% of the lotus root field gross area;
2) lotus rhizome cultivation and management
Seed selection: select fresh, plant strong, intact lotus root as kind of a lotus root;
Cultivation: after the field deep ploughing of planting lotus root is raked, plant after putting the shallow water of 5cm into; When seeding, push mud according to the shape of lotus root kind aside with hand, then put kind, the lid mud that back-silts immediately after putting kind; Adopt and tiltedly plant, lotus root head buries and a joint tip is stuck up on the water surface after dark 10～12cm, plants 20 ° of lotus root and ground inclinations, and when plantation, the first rule of surrounding lotus root is in field, and the Planting Row Distance of lotus root is 1.7～2.6m, and spacing in the rows is 0.5～0.7m, every 667m
2sowing quantity 150～250kg;
Management: field is patrolled in timing, adheres to patrolling field early, middle and late 3 times; Regulate water level, shallow water lotus root is applicable to water level 10～20cm, the maximum water-fast degree of depth 30～50cm, and deep water lotus root is applicable to water level 30～50cm, the maximum water-fast degree of depth 1～1.2m; Topdress, every mu of sealing fertilizer 20～30kg;
3) loach training water is put and is planted and management
Training water: lotus root pond is by the offspring seed cultivation method sterilization of cleaning up the pond, and the pond depth of water keeps 30～50cm, and applies the fertilizer cultivation water quality such as pig manure, and consumption is 100～200kg/667m
2, turn after fertilizer until property of medicine disappearance, Chi Shui, can throw in loach kind; Put front pond disinfection in a suitable place to breed;
Put kind: seed is selected northeast loach or Henan loach, require physique stalwartness, size is neat, body colour is bright-coloured; At the beginning of 6 months, put loach seedling in a suitable place to breed, 150kg is put on the above every pool of 350 tail/jin, and every square metre of breeding density is 40～60 tails;
Feed: in the water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer, provide on the basis of natural bait, needing increases the feed of animal origin such as maggot, earthworm, freshwater mussel meat, fish meal, small fish meat, utilization of waste Materials from Domestic Animals of throwing something and feeding, and vegetable feed or the artifical compound feed such as wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs, cake class; General every day at the upper and lower noon respectively feeds 1 time, and day throwing amount of raising is 8～10% of loach body weight, and feed should be fresh, agreeable to the taste, and manufactured feed crude protein content is more than 35%;
Disease control: duty is swept bait table regularly sterilization, every first quarter moon is splashed sterilization once with quicklime or bleaching powder in fish-pit and fish ditch; The pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding, monthly uses the Chinese medicine such as allicin or rheum officinale, Radix Isatidis to make pharmaceutical chemistry with 0.1～0.4% addition, connects and feeds 3～5 days;
4) patrol the pool
Every day is early, middle and late patrols the pool 3 times, notices observing that lotus root water in field look changes and the vegetative activity situation of loach, checks in time the situation of ingesting after bait feeding, checks Chi Geng, enters discharge outlet, and discovery leak is repaired in time.
In step 1), excavating multiple areas Tanaka is 5～8m
2, more than dark 60cm hole, excavation several ditches in length and breadth, communicate with hole; Furrow width, be deeply 30～40cm, the area of hole and ditch accounts for 10% of the lotus root field gross area, and the habitat of loach during for summer high temperature, pesticide grown and chemical fertilizer and lotus root field dry field is convenient to again concentrated fishing for simultaneously.
Step 2) in, described freshly should stay in farmland on a plateau and survive the winter for kind of a lotus root, can with dig, with choosing, with cultivation, should not in air for a long time put before plantation spring, in order to avoid the dehydration of bud head is withered; Described kind strengthens as lotus root is large, bud is prosperous, without damage by disease and insect, it is rear that thicker joint, close lotus root, large sub-lotus root all can do kind of a lotus root, planting lotus root must be sturdy, has the above fully ripe lotus root body of 2 joints at least, terminal bud is complete, single focus on 250g more than; Described is perfect for to select the joint portion of kind of lotus root and lotus root body all can not dig brokenly, prevents that muddy water from pouring into, and causes rotten.
Step 2) in, when row lotus root, between each strain, arrange with triangle space.
Step 2) in, the described field of patrolling comprises: check that ridge has or not hole gap or subsides, once find to stop up in time or to repair; There are certain depth and width in ditch, hole, guarantee that current are unimpeded during cultivation; Check water level, remain suitable water level; In the time throwing something and feeding, note observing the food situation of loach, corresponding increase or minimizing throwing amount; Disease preventing and treating, whether blade, the petiole of running check lotus root be normal, observes the active situation of loach in conjunction with throwing something and feeding, applying fertilizer, and finds early disease, suits the remedy to the case.
Step 2) in, described adjusting water level, in shallow water lotus root, the sprout growth phase while appearance, should keep the water layer that 4～7cm is dark, to improve soil temperature, stratification after cultivation lotus root to vertical leaf; Along with the appearance of vertical leaf, the growth of lotus rhizome cauline leaf turns to rise gradually, and water layer will be elevated to 12～15cm gradually; When stopping, after leaf appearance, showing to start to tie lotus root, water layer will be reduced to 4～7cm gradually, promotes knot lotus root.
Step 2) in, described topdresses, and for spraying foliage fertilizer, fertilising should be selected sunny calm weather, avoids carrying out at the noon of burning sun, before each fertilising, bleeds off water in field, in order to avoid in fertilizer suction water, and then pour water to the original degree of depth.
In step 3), described sterilization is produced " end is refreshing " with the Lv Ze of Shenzhen animal pharmaceutical estate Co., Ltd, and every mu of water surface is spread on pond with 100g, or with 10mg/L liquor potassic permanganate or 3% saline solution dipping bath 5～10 minutes.
In step 3), described throwing is raised and should be grasped flexibly depending on water quality, weather, the situation of ingesting, and is as the criterion after 2～3 hours with bait throwing in without residual bait; Water temperature when more than 15 ℃ loach appetite strengthen gradually, 20～30 ℃ is the suitable temperature range of ingesting, 25～27 ℃ time, appetite is vigorous especially, exceed 30 ℃ or while occurring raising the nose above water to breathe " gulping down gas " to the water surface lower than 15 ℃ and thundery sky, show anoxic in water, stop fertilising, the new water of annotating.
In step 3), the disease control of described loach comprises the control of saprolegniasis, red skin disease, parasitosis, bubble illness, white smear disease, fin rot, stigmatosis and Asymphylodora disease.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, lotus rhizome loach of the present invention is efficiently planted breeding method and has the following advantages: build easily in pond, cost; Shallow, the convenience of gathering that lotus rhizome buries; Lotus rhizome loach breeding complementation, saves place, and economic benefit improves; Once investment, is benefited for many years; There is good practicality, can produce good economic benefit and social effect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
The efficient breeding of embodiment 1 lotus rhizome loach
A kind of lotus rhizome loach is efficiently planted breeding method, and concrete steps are as follows;
1) build in pond
Select hidding and sunny side, enter draining convenience, alkalescent substrate, build pond without the place of pesticide pollution, also the idle fishpond that originally lay waste can be transformed slightly, area is generally 2000m
2left and right.Dark 1.2m left and right, pond, silt depth 50～60cm, water retention property is good.Water source is well water, and water quality meets water quality standard for fishery, and irrigation and drainage are convenient.Planting will deep plough to freeze winter the previous year cuts down, play sterilization and disinfestation effect, generally 30cm earth is dug out by bulldozer or manual method in previous month left and right of plantation, cover layer of non-woven fabric at base portion, then original soil is covered, progressively carry out to another side on one side from pond, accomplish that cloth and cloth joint are overlapping, anti-leak-stopping covers.Chi Geng will reinforce, and cover on surrounding ring-type Yu Gou slope two ends and junction is all buried in the earth or plug concrete column and calcium-plastic board enters mud 30 cm note discharge outlet outside polythene nets inner side wire nettings interceptions in case loach escapes in surrounding with polythene nets more than 30 orders or white nylon wire, 30cm in mud is imbedded in lower end, and upper end exceeds Normal Water Surface 40cm.Intake-outlet adds block, prevents from that wild fishes from entering with loach to run away.Excavating multiple areas Tanaka is 5～8m
2, more than dark 60cm hole, the most handy once brick.Excavation several ditches in length and breadth, communicate with hole.Furrow width, be deeply 30～40cm, the area of hole and ditch accounts for 10% left and right of the lotus root field gross area.The habitat of loach when it is summer high temperature, pesticide grown and chemical fertilizer and lotus root field dry field, is convenient to again concentrate and fishes for simultaneously.
2) lotus rhizome cultivation and management
Seed selection: planting lotus root should select: (1) is fresh: kind lotus root should be stayed in farmland on a plateau and be survived the winter, and can with dig, with choosing, with cultivation, should not in air for a long time put before plantation spring, in order to avoid the dehydration of bud head is withered.(2) plant and strengthen: lotus root is large, bud is prosperous, it is thicker to save without damage by disease and insect, rear handle, has this varietal characteristic.Parent lotus root, large sub-lotus root all can do kind of a lotus root, and planting lotus root must be sturdy, have the above fully ripe lotus root body of 2 joints at least, and terminal bud is complete, single focus on 250g more than.(3) perfect: to select the joint portion of kind of lotus root and lotus root body all can not dig brokenly, prevent that muddy water from pouring into, cause rotten.
Cultivation: after the field deep ploughing of planting lotus root is raked, plant after putting the shallow water of 5cm left and right into.The lotus root kind that selection traits is good, premunition is strong, lotus root kind wants that terminal bud is complete, lotus root body thick, anosis without wound, two joints above or whole joint for well.Generally between Clear and Bright to grain rains, plant.When seeding, push mud according to the shape of lotus root kind aside with hand, then put kind, the lid mud that back-silts immediately after putting kind.Conventionally tiltedly plant, lotus root head buries and a joint tip is stuck up on the water surface after dark 10～12cm, plants lotus root and ground inclination approximately 20 degree, can utilize like this illumination to improve soil temperature, promotion rudiment.The mode of row lotus root is a lot, has towards a direction, also has several row relatively to arrange, and between each strain, arranges better with triangle space, can make like this lotus whip be evenly distributed, and avoids crowded.No matter field lotus root or pool lotus root, requires the first rule of surrounding lotus root in field, in order to avoid lotus whip stretches out outside ridge when plantation.In general, the planting density of lotus root should be larger, and line-spacing is 1.7～2.6m, and spacing in the rows is 0.5～0.7m, every 667m
2sowing quantity 150～250kg.
Management: field is patrolled in (1) timing, patrols Ji Duiou field, field and makes an inspection tour, and is one of groundwork in lotus root loach production process.Only have through patrolling field and could pinpoint the problems in time. and take in time as the case may be corresponding measure, therefore must adhere to every day patrolling field early, middle and late 3 times.Patrol the main contents in field: check that ridge has or not hole gap or subsides, once find to stop up in time or to repair.Fish ditch, fish-pit have certain depth and width, guarantee that current are unimpeded during cultivation.Check water level, remain suitable water level.In the time throwing something and feeding, note observing the food situation of loach, corresponding increase or minimizing throwing amount.Disease preventing and treating, whether blade, the petiole of running check lotus root be normal, observes the active situation of loach in conjunction with throwing something and feeding, applying fertilizer, and finds early disease, suits the remedy to the case.(2) regulate water level, can be divided into shallow water lotus root and two kinds of ecotypes of deep water lotus root according to lotus rhizome to the adaptability of water level.Shallow water lotus root is applicable to water level 10～20cm, the maximum water-fast degree of depth 30～50cm.Deep water lotus root is applicable to water level 30～50cm, the maximum water-fast degree of depth 1～1.2m.The total principle of shallow water lotus root water layer management is: front shallow, in dark, rear shallow.The sprout growth phase while appearance to vertical leaf, should keep shallow water, to improve soil temperature, stratification after cultivation lotus root.Be generally to keep water layer that 4～7cm is dark for well, along with the appearance of vertical leaf, the growth of lotus rhizome cauline leaf turns to rise gradually, and water layer will be elevated to 12～15cm gradually.When stopping, after leaf appearance, showing to start to tie lotus root, water layer will be reduced to 4～7cm gradually, promotes knot lotus root.The water level of deep water lotus root is difficult for regulating, and is mainly to prevent from being subject to flood season waterlogging, after particularly vertical leaf floods, should urgent draining in 8h, and lotus leaf is surfaced, in case drowned.(3) topdress, lotus rhizome is needed nutriment in growth and development process, and one side is from the photosynthesis of lotus leaf; Come from the other hand soil, and original fertilizer limited (comprising base manure) in soil, along with growing of plant can be less and less, although the ight soil of fish and residual bait can be lotus root a certain amount of nutrient are provided, but be little compared with the growth demand of lotus root, therefore, must topdress in time.General every mu of sealing fertilizer 20～30kg, also can spray foliage fertilizer.Fertilising should be selected sunny calm weather, avoids carrying out at the noon of burning sun.Before each fertilising, bleed off water in field, in order to avoid in fertilizer suction water, and then pour water to the original degree of depth.
3) loach training water is put and is planted and management
Training water: lotus root pond is by the offspring seed cultivation method sterilization of cleaning up the pond, and the pond depth of water keeps 30～50cm, and applies the fertilizer cultivation water quality such as pig manure, and consumption is 100～200kg/667m
2.Turn after fertilizer until property of medicine disappearance, Chi Shui, can throw in loach kind.Put the front pond disinfection Lv Ze of Shenzhen animal pharmaceutical estate Co., Ltd in a suitable place to breed and produce " end is refreshing ", every mu of water surface is spread on pond with 100g, has the effects such as removing toxic substances, deodorizing, oxygenation; Also can use 10mg/L liquor potassic permanganate or 3% saline solution dipping bath 5～10 minutes.
Put kind: seed should be selected northeast loach or Henan loach, require physique stalwartness, size is neat, body colour is bright-coloured.Generally at the beginning of 6 months, put loach seedling in a suitable place to breed, 150kg left and right is put on the above every pool of 350 tail/jin, and every square metre of breeding density is 40～60 tails, has can suitably increasing of discharge condition.
Feed: in the water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer, provide on the basis of natural bait, needing increases the feed of animal origin such as maggot, earthworm, freshwater mussel meat, fish meal, small fish meat, utilization of waste Materials from Domestic Animals of throwing something and feeding, and vegetable feed or the artifical compound feed such as wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs, cake class.General every day at the upper and lower noon respectively feeds 1 time, and day throwing amount of raising is 8～10% of loach body weight, and feed should be fresh, agreeable to the taste, and manufactured feed crude protein content is more than 35%.Throwing is raised and should be grasped flexibly depending on water quality, weather, the situation of ingesting, and is advisable after 2～3 hours with bait throwing in without residual bait.Water temperature when more than 15 ℃ loach appetite strengthen gradually, 20～30 ℃ is the suitable temperature range of ingesting, 25～27 ℃ time, appetite is vigorous especially, exceed 30 ℃ or while occurring raising the nose above water to breathe " gulping down gas " to the water surface lower than 15 ℃ and thundery sky, show anoxic in water, should stop fertilising, the new water of annotating.
Disease control: duty is swept bait table regularly sterilization, every first quarter moon is splashed sterilization once with quicklime or bleaching powder in fish-pit and fish ditch.The pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding, monthly uses the Chinese medicine such as allicin or rheum officinale, Radix Isatidis to make pharmaceutical chemistry with 0.1%～0.4% addition, connects and feeds 3～5 days.
4) patrol the pool
Every day is early, middle and late patrols the pool 3 times, notices observing that lotus root water in field look changes and the vegetative activity situation of loach, checks in time the situation of ingesting after bait feeding, check Chi Geng, enter discharge outlet, discovery leak is repaired in time, while particularly meeting heavy rain or flood, timely draining.Lotus root loach is raised together with the imbalance between supply and demand that should properly handle the two, lotus rhizome in water filling, topdress, will take into account in dispenser process the growth of loach, loach will be taken into account equally the growth of lotus rhizome in the process of putting, feed, changing water and dispenser in a suitable place to breed, could obtain like this fish lotus root bumper harvests.
5) gather
Early, my ground tender lotus root that starts to gather August, starts the aging lotus root of gathering to the general results of lotus rhizome substrate cultivation by the end of October, continues up to the April in next year.Gathering instrument used should be clean, pollution-free, can manually gather, also can mechanical harvesting.The two kinds of methods of manually having gathered, the one, full field has been dug, and the 2nd, take out row and dig lotus root, take out row and cut out 3/4ths areas, leave 1/4th and do not dig, as lotus root kind in the coming year." golden rich board " lotus root digging harvester that my ground of mechanical harvesting adopts Shandong Jin Bang Machinery Co., Ltd. to produce, general every machine can dig 1.5 mu of lotus roots, greatly raises the efficiency, and saves artificial.
Wherein, the disease control of loach to note following some: the one, breeding water body is more shallow, dosage must be calculated accurately; The 2nd, the pool side after medication can not be from people, finds that loach occurs that it is forbidding illegal drugs that anomaly will add the emergency measures such as new water three in time.Major Diseases and the method for preventing and treating are as follows:
Saprolegniasis, symptom is fall ill as seen director's adularescent or canescence flocculence things of naked eyes.Prevent and treat method: under seed, before the pool, the poison that the goes out salt solution clean or 3% with 0.3ppm embathes sterilization; Be made into after mixed liquor full pool spilling head with 0.4% sodium bicarbonate and salt.
Red skin disease, symptom be disease loach fin, belly, skin and anus around congested, fester, tail fin, pectoral fin turn white rotten.Control: a, use 1g/m
3the bleaching powder full pool spilling head of concentration.B, 0.5g/m
3concentration BCDMH full pool spilling head.
Parasitosis: be mainly due to the parasitisms such as Trichodina, tongue cup worm, Gyrodactylus.Symptom is disease loach gynecological ailments, often bubbles through the water column, rapid uneasy or spin at the water surface, and skin mucus increases.Control: a, use 0.7g/m
3the copper sulphate of concentration and ferrous sulfate (5: 2) mixture full pool spilling head, can prevent and treat Trichodina and tongue cup parasitosis.B, use 0.5g/m
390% trichlorphon full pool spilling head of concentration can be prevented and treated gyrodactyliasis.
Bubble illness, cardinal symptom: loach is bubbled through the water column, belly is heaved like bubble, and this disease the most easily occurred in the loach seedling stage.Prevent and treat method: (1) carries out aeration before adding water, fully in degradation water, organic matter (2) is strengthened daily management, rationally throw and raise, while preventing water quality deterioration (3) morbidity, add immediately fresh water, and to use salt solution full pool spilling head, consumption be suitably to improve water body pH and transparency after 4kg/ mu～6kg/ mu (4) morbidity, there is good mitigation.
White smear disease, cardinal symptom: initial stage loach seedling caudal peduncle position is greyish white, extends to subsequently dorsal fin base portion whole body surfaces below, and transfers white to by canescence, and the loach symptom of a trend down, upward, struggle perpendicular to the water surface by tail, and severe patient tail fin partly or entirely rots, dead immediately.Prevent and treat method: (1) soaks eight yellow loose 0.3% ammoniacal liquor that add 25 times heavy, connect juice band slag full pool spilling head, making water body concentration is 3ppm(2) 1 kilogram of dry Chinese tallowtree leaf (closing 4 kilograms of fresh goods) is added in 2% lime water of 20 times of weight and soak 24 hours, boil again after 10 minutes and be with slag full pool spilling head, making pond water concentration is 4ppm(3) bleaching powder (available chlorine 30%) is water-soluble, full pool spilling head, making pond water concentration is 1ppm.After 4 hours, then the gall nut soak of splashing (grind rear boiling water soak) to make pond water concentration be 3ppm, to impel focus to heal rapidly.
Fin rot, cardinal symptom: near excoriation dorsal fin, be canescence, when serious, fin ray comes off, and muscle exposes, and stops ingesting causing death.This disease is easily popular in summer.Prevent and treat method: with the C5H6Br2N2O2 full pool spilling head of 0.2ppm, for three days on end～4 days.
Stigmatosis, cardinal symptom: focus edema, redness, ovalize, circle, seal, mainly in caudal peduncle both sides, was seemingly played in affected part, and Major Epidemic is July～September.Prevent and treat method: (1) uses the BCDMH full pool spilling head of 0.3ppm with the bleaching powder full pool spilling head (2) of 1ppm.
Asymphylodora disease, " disease of remaining silent " being commonly called as be that side is grown parasitosis, infected loach growth retardation, after dissecting, visible a large amount of flukes amass in anterior intestine position, and intestines are interior without food.Prevent and treat method: clean up the pond, snail and other wild fishes class are eliminated in thorough disinfection.
Embodiment 2 performance analyses
Pond disinfection is produced with the Lv Ze of Di Shuan Shenzhen animal pharmaceutical estate Co., Ltd, has the effects such as removing toxic substances, deodorizing, oxygenation; Peace Guangzhou, end Jing Bo company produces, and has thorough deodorizing, suppresses the effect that harmful microorganism is bred.
Sterilization is produced with the logical iodine of poly-dimension Beijing Hai Sikerui scientific & technical corporation, 5 liters of dresses, 70 yuan; C5H6Br2N2O2, Shanxi Shou Ai chemical industry pharmaceutcal corporation, Ltd produces, chlorine dioxide, Huai’an Shi Cheng water treatment Co., Ltd produces, 500 grams;
Mid-term can be with a grain grain bacterium, Yi Hong bio tech ltd, Shanghai, and 8 kilograms/barrel, 90 yuan, before the water inlet of pond, 1 kilogram of every mu of use.
Available Guangzhou Jing Bo Bioisystech Co., Ltd of detoxifying produces, removing toxic substances liberator, and 500ml, 33 yuan, there is reduction pH value, after rain, detoxify, to keep a full stand of seedings, water quality at the bottom of improvement pond, improves seed planting percent.
3 mu of pools, dig pool recruitment 9000-10000 unit, and surrounding is buried 1.8 meters, net, and in mud 3 meters, 11 yuan, net per jin, 5 yuan every meter.Each work 60-100 unit.
Loach breeding is selected the inclined to one side yellow soil of smolmitza, loach variety adoption northeast loach or Henan loach, general 80 yuan/kilogram of seed, per kilogram loach 840-1160 tail, average 900 tails, each culture pond takes up an area approximately 3 mu, pure land 2.5-2.6 mu, generally at the beginning of 6 months, put loach seedling in a suitable place to breed, the above every pool of 350 tail/jin is put 150 kilograms, and Second Year rises and start results October, and 1600-1800 kilogram can be received in a pool, when 46 yuan/kilogram of the yellow loach of present value, 60 yuan/kilogram of blue or green loach.
Lotus rhizome: application substrate Lotus planting, can avoid lotus rhizome longitudinal growth, reduce nutrient consumption, promote dry-matter accumulation, be conducive to volume increase, per mu yield increases to 1760kg by 1223kg, volume increase 43.9%, every mu increases income 1615 yuan.Nonwoven price: 5.3 yuan/m
2, mu 710 m
2, count 3763 yuan, to use calculating in 8 years, 470 yuan/mu of mu foldings. year, have a net increase of 1145 yuan of benefits, synergy 31.2%.
Loach: mu is put 50kg in a suitable place to breed, Second Year starts to fish for autumn, per mu yield 550kg, in 45 yuan/kg, 24750 yuan of per mu yield values, deduct 4000 yuan, seed, 6500 yuan, feed, 200 yuan of medicines, 14050 yuan of net incomes.
Saving of labor's abridged edition: after substrate cultivation, because nonwoven covers the end, adopt lotus root efficiency and improve, greatly reduce labor amount, mu saving of labor more than 2, save 140 yuan of costs, and operation quality is even.Especially the restriction bottleneck that has solved large plantation family's scale management, labor cost declines, and has improved scale management and industrialized development level.
Lotus rhizome: average yield per mu 1760kg, calculates 5280 yuan of every per mu yield values with 3.0 yuan/kg.Nonwoven price: 5.3 yuan/m2, mu is used 710 m2, counts 3763 yuan, to use calculating in 8 years, 470 yuan/mu of mu foldings. year.1000 yuan every mu of deduction rent of soils, lotus root kind is taken 800 yuan, and 200 yuan, fertilizer is adopted 800 yuan of lotus root expenses, 2010 yuan of mu net earnings.Loach: per mu yield 550kg, in 45 yuan/kg, 24750 yuan of per mu yield values, 4000 yuan every mu, deduction seed, 6500 yuan, feed, 200 yuan of medicines, 14050 yuan of net earnings.Lotus rhizome loach adds up to: 16060 yuan of every mu of net earnings.
Claims (10)
1. lotus rhizome loach is efficiently planted a breeding method, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
1) build in pond
Select hidding and sunny side, enter draining convenience, alkalescent substrate, build pond without the place of pesticide pollution, the dark 1.2m in pond, silt depth 50～60cm, water retention property is good; Water source is well water, and water quality meets water quality standard for fishery, and irrigation and drainage are convenient; Chi Geng; Reinforce, and cover on surrounding ring-type Yu Gou slope two ends and junction is all buried in the earth or plug concrete column and calcium-plastic board enters mud 30 cm note discharge outlet outside polythene nets inner side wire nettings interceptions in case loach escapes in surrounding with polythene nets more than 30 orders or white nylon wire, 30cm in mud is imbedded in lower end, and upper end exceeds Normal Water Surface 40cm; Intake-outlet adds block, prevents from that wild fishes from entering with loach to run away; Excavate multiple connected hole ditches of perching for loach Tanaka, hole ditch area sum accounts for 10% of the lotus root field gross area;
2) lotus rhizome cultivation and management
Seed selection: select fresh, plant strong, intact lotus root as kind of a lotus root;
Cultivation: after the field deep ploughing of planting lotus root is raked, plant after putting the shallow water of 5cm into; When seeding, push mud according to the shape of lotus root kind aside with hand, then put kind, the lid mud that back-silts immediately after putting kind; Adopt and tiltedly plant, lotus root head buries and a joint tip is stuck up on the water surface after dark 10～12cm, plants 20 ° of lotus root and ground inclinations, and when plantation, the first rule of surrounding lotus root is in field, and the Planting Row Distance of lotus root is 1.7～2.6m, and spacing in the rows is 0.5～0.7m, every 667m
2sowing quantity 150～250kg;
Management: field is patrolled in timing, adheres to patrolling field early, middle and late 3 times; Regulate water level, shallow water lotus root is applicable to water level 10～20cm, the maximum water-fast degree of depth 30～50cm, and deep water lotus root is applicable to water level 30～50cm, the maximum water-fast degree of depth 1～1.2m; Topdress, every mu of sealing fertilizer 20～30kg;
3) loach training water is put and is planted and management
Training water: lotus root pond is by the offspring seed cultivation method sterilization of cleaning up the pond, and the pond depth of water keeps 30～50cm, and applies the fertilizer cultivation water quality such as pig manure, and consumption is 100～200kg/667m
2, turn after fertilizer until property of medicine disappearance, Chi Shui, can throw in loach kind; Put front pond disinfection in a suitable place to breed;
Put kind: seed is selected northeast loach or Henan loach, require physique stalwartness, size is neat, body colour is bright-coloured; At the beginning of 6 months, put loach seedling in a suitable place to breed, 150kg is put on the above every pool of 350 tail/jin, and every square metre of breeding density is 40～60 tails;
Feed: in the water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer, provide on the basis of natural bait, needing increases the feed of animal origin such as maggot, earthworm, freshwater mussel meat, fish meal, small fish meat, utilization of waste Materials from Domestic Animals of throwing something and feeding, and vegetable feed or the artifical compound feed such as wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs, cake class; General every day at the upper and lower noon respectively feeds 1 time, and day throwing amount of raising is 8～10% of loach body weight, and feed should be fresh, agreeable to the taste, and manufactured feed crude protein content is more than 35%;
Disease control: duty is swept bait table regularly sterilization, every first quarter moon is splashed sterilization once with quicklime or bleaching powder in fish-pit and fish ditch; The pharmaceutical chemistry of regularly throwing something and feeding, monthly uses the Chinese medicine such as allicin or rheum officinale, Radix Isatidis to make pharmaceutical chemistry with 0.1～0.4% addition, connects and feeds 3～5 days;
4) patrol the pool
Every day is early, middle and late patrols the pool 3 times, notices observing that lotus root water in field look changes and the vegetative activity situation of loach, checks in time the situation of ingesting after bait feeding, checks Chi Geng, enters discharge outlet, and discovery leak is repaired in time.
2. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: in step 1), excavating multiple areas Tanaka is 5～8m
2, more than dark 60cm hole, excavation several ditches in length and breadth, communicate with hole; Furrow width, be deeply 30～40cm, the area of hole and ditch accounts for 10% of the lotus root field gross area, and the habitat of loach during for summer high temperature, pesticide grown and chemical fertilizer and lotus root field dry field is convenient to again concentrated fishing for simultaneously.
3. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: step 2) in, described freshly should stay in farmland on a plateau and survive the winter for kind of a lotus root, can with dig, with choosing, with cultivation, should not in air for a long time put before plantation spring, in order to avoid the dehydration of bud head is withered; Described kind strengthens as lotus root is large, bud is prosperous, without damage by disease and insect, it is rear that thicker joint, close lotus root, large sub-lotus root all can do kind of a lotus root, planting lotus root must be sturdy, has the above fully ripe lotus root body of 2 joints at least, terminal bud is complete, single focus on 250g more than; Described is perfect for to select the joint portion of kind of lotus root and lotus root body all can not dig brokenly, prevents that muddy water from pouring into, and causes rotten.
4. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: step 2) in, when row lotus root, between each strain, arrange with triangle space.
5. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: step 2) in, the described field of patrolling comprises: check that ridge has or not hole gap or subsides, once find to stop up in time or to repair; There are certain depth and width in ditch, hole, guarantee that current are unimpeded during cultivation; Check water level, remain suitable water level; In the time throwing something and feeding, note observing the food situation of loach, corresponding increase or minimizing throwing amount; Disease preventing and treating, whether blade, the petiole of running check lotus root be normal, observes the active situation of loach in conjunction with throwing something and feeding, applying fertilizer, and finds early disease, suits the remedy to the case.
6. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: step 2) in, described adjusting water level, in shallow water lotus root, the sprout growth phase while appearance to vertical leaf, should keep the water layer that 4～7cm is dark after cultivation lotus root, to improve soil temperature, stratification; Along with the appearance of vertical leaf, the growth of lotus rhizome cauline leaf turns to rise gradually, and water layer will be elevated to 12～15cm gradually; When stopping, after leaf appearance, showing to start to tie lotus root, water layer will be reduced to 4～7cm gradually, promotes knot lotus root.
7. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: step 2) in, described topdresses, for spraying foliage fertilizer, fertilising should be selected sunny calm weather, avoids carrying out at the noon of burning sun, before each fertilising, bleeds off water in field, in order to avoid in fertilizer suction water, and then pour water to the original degree of depth.
8. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: in step 3), described sterilization is produced " end is refreshing " with the Lv Ze of Shenzhen animal pharmaceutical estate Co., Ltd, every mu of water surface is spread on pond with 100g, or with 10mg/L liquor potassic permanganate or 3% saline solution dipping bath 5～10 minutes.
9. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: in step 3), described throwing is raised and should be grasped flexibly depending on water quality, weather, the situation of ingesting, and is as the criterion after 2～3 hours with bait throwing in without residual bait; Water temperature when more than 15 ℃ loach appetite strengthen gradually, 20～30 ℃ is the suitable temperature range of ingesting, 25～27 ℃ time, appetite is vigorous especially, exceed 30 ℃ or while occurring raising the nose above water to breathe " gulping down gas " to the water surface lower than 15 ℃ and thundery sky, show anoxic in water, stop fertilising, the new water of annotating.
10. lotus rhizome loach according to claim 1 is efficiently planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: in step 3), the disease control of described loach comprises the control of saprolegniasis, red skin disease, parasitosis, bubble illness, white smear disease, fin rot, stigmatosis and Asymphylodora disease.
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