CN103444394B - Method for realizing sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla under imitated ecological condition - Google Patents

Method for realizing sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla under imitated ecological condition Download PDF

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CN103444394B
CN103444394B CN201310353993.6A CN201310353993A CN103444394B CN 103444394 B CN103444394 B CN 103444394B CN 201310353993 A CN201310353993 A CN 201310353993A CN 103444394 B CN103444394 B CN 103444394B
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bletilla striata
seedbed
bletilla
sowing
seed
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CN103444394A (en
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李子辉
万俊松
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for realizing sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla under an imitated ecological condition, wherein the large-scale production of bletilla seedlings is realized by using bletilla seeds in a near natural environment, namely under the imitated ecological condition. The method comprises the following steps of artificial supplementary pollinating bletilla, collecting and storing bletilla seeds, building a sowing condition, sowing and early managing after the sowing, and nurturing bletilla seedlings. By the method disclosed by the invention, the problem that the setting percentage of wild bletilla is low is solved, the sexual reproduction of the bletilla is performed under the imitated ecological condition which is built through imitating the nature; the survival rate and the growth density of the reproduced seedlings are high; the scale operation can be realized; the method is easily popularized and applied.

Description

A kind of method realizing bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery under Ecology condition
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for plant sexual propagation, i.e. a kind of complete method utilizing sexual propagation mode large scale cultivating bletilla striata seedling.More particularly, be on the basis solving the low problem of wild bletilla striata Natural seed setting rate, under the Ecology condition that simulating nature is set up, sowing bletilla striata seeds, and through specific maintenance processes, breed the complete method of Wild Medicinal bletilla striata seedling in imminent danger in a large number.
Background technology
The bletilla striata is a kind of Wild Medicinal in imminent danger.Its rhizome is used as medicine, and having outstanding inside and outside section hemostasis and wait pharmacological action, is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine material.In addition, the Bletilla glucomannan up to 50% is also contained in bletilla striata rhizome, its many-sided physicochemical property and import gum Arabic, tragacanth are similar, can be used as suspending agent, thickener, emulsifier, humectant, the agent of sticky connection, have wide practical use at industrial circles such as medicine, daily-use chemical industry, food.Under day by day strengthening the background of medicine, food security now, bletilla striata height, containing the characteristic of Bletilla glucomannan, imparts the high industrial raw materials of the bletilla striata except traditional medical value and is worth.The system development of bletilla striata resource, has independent development to become the prospect of the novel specialty industries in the world.
Why the bletilla striata becomes endangered plants, no doubt stimulate excessively excavating of causing relevant with high price, but the natural propagation mechanism mainly determined due to its biological property is very weak, the reason of inefficiency, the bletilla striata Wild ecological investigation going deep into system shows, at natural world, the bletilla striata has two kinds of modess of reproduction: the first rhizome Reproduction methods, but reproduction coefficient is very low, be exactly almost 1:1, namely each individual plant, a new propagating materials can only be formed every year; The second is seminal propagation mode, and due under wild natural conditions, needed for bletilla striata seeds sprouting, seedling, condition is very harsh, so the efficiency of bletilla striata seeds breeding is very low, also only just has natural distribution at the environment with this unique harsh conditions.It is closely related that the distribution of bletilla striata uniqueness and bletilla striata seeds breed required specific condition.
Along with the exhaustion of bletilla striata wild resource, the rising all the way of the bletilla striata medicinal material market price, has broken through 400 yuan/kg high point.Under so high price stimulates, last remaining wild bletilla striata resource is estimated to exhaust in not long-time, and the wild bletilla striata resource of the surrounding countries of bordering on Southwestern China portion also will be like this.Under these circumstances, a lot of people starts to seek bletilla striata artificial cultivation, but due to seedling very deficient, be difficult to scale development, even can not start.Bletilla striata seedling raising technology problem must be solved, just can break the restriction of bletilla striata seedling bottleneck.
The units such as Zhengan County, Guizhou, about 2005, once by offering high prices for the way of wild bletilla striata seedling, establish the bletilla striata artificial cultivation base of nearly hundred mu, but do not match because of culture technique, now failed.If part seedling can also be obtained by this kind of approach then, so after less than 10 years, can not now.Because wild bletilla striata resource situation severe exacerbation, namely enablely collect a small amount of wild bletilla striata seedling, but only have 1:1 due to bletilla striata Propagation of Rhizomes coefficient, be difficult to realize fast-propagation, form the artificial cultivation base of scale.Based on this, Wuhan Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhang Jianxia etc., Southwest Jiaotong University Yuan Ning industry, agricultural biotechnologies key lab of Guizhou Province Tao Gang, Alpine Economic Plants Inst., Yunnan Prov. Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the elderly person for whom a birthday celebration is being held etc., Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Peng Li sprouts, the method adopting bletilla striata seeds to sow under sterile tissue condition of culture has carried out the research of bletilla striata seedling raising technology, result shows, bletilla striata seeds, can Germination And Seedling under this kind of condition.But obviously the method to facilities and equipment condition and aseptic technique level requirement higher, cost is higher, is applied to scale bletilla seed bacterium and breeds and still have any problem, though so each research unit all achieves laboratory result, have no and apply always.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of method realizing bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery under Ecology condition; this new seedling-cultivating method is on the basis of bletilla striata Wild ecological examination going deep into system; by knowledge nature, higher than natural Ecology technology path, set up a set of that efficiently, be easy to apply, utilize bletilla striata seeds to carry out the technical system of scale breeding.
Technical problem solved by the invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method realizing bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery under Ecology condition; its bletilla striata seedling production cycle is 2 years; mainly utilize bletilla striata seeds under the environment and Ecology condition of access expansion; realize the large-scale production of bletilla striata seedling, its step comprises: bletilla striata artificial supplementary pollination, bletilla striata seeds gather with preserve, the construction of sowing condition, sow and broadcast rear Early postoperative management, bletilla striata seedling fosters.
Bletilla striata artificial supplementary pollination obtains sufficient amount bletilla striata seeds with the important technical links of scale support bletilla striata seeling industry; The bletilla striata is fragmentary owing to distributing at natural world, and group isolates, and special gynostemium Floral organ structure, and spontaneous pollination rate is very low, therefore seldom solid.For overcoming this problem, by the way of collecting wild provenance, first build bletilla striata seed collecting garden, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the annual 5-6 month bletilla striata florescence, method is with toothpick or sewing needle, the pollinium above picking gynostemium, then pollinium is filled in be positioned at below propollen block attachment region, below tabula, have obviously be stained with liquid exist column cap on, can to suit pollination, preferably to pollinate between cross pollination and different strain flower.For the inflorescence improving each bletilla striata of seed quality only awards 3-5 flower, open or unopened flower unnecessary for inflorescence front end is wiped out.
Bletilla striata seeds is gathered and storage, when seed maturity, namely in fruit, seed is no longer agglomerating and separated from one another, color becomes bright yellow from white, when shell color chlorisis deepens and do not split, fruit is adopted down in batches, whole fruit can be deposited in the cool in short-term, but must prevent fruit from gathering, packaging, generate heat in transportation, the bletilla striata fruit resting period should be short as far as possible, correspondingly should be constructed by sowing condition before seed collection, once seed collection, sow as early as possible, the storage of bletilla seed subband shell is preferably under refrigerator cold-storage condition, storage time is no more than 15 days, after bletilla striata seeds is deviate from from fruit, also can store in short-term under comparatively wet air condition and light scattering condition, but no more than 5 days, answer sowing in time.
The construction of sowing condition, must complete before seed maturity is gathered, so that can sowing in time after seed collection.At each wide 2m, on the center line in the soil seedbed of long 15-20m, be a wide 20cm, the water storage ditch of dark 30cm, uses plastic foil antiseep in ditch, then by one piece of wide 2.5m, length is identical with seedbed length, having good absorptive ground work cloth covers on seedbed, the center line of ground work cloth is overlapping with water storage ditch center line, ground work cloth is put in ditch and is affixed with plastic foil in ditch, work cloth both sides, ground spread on each about 80 wide smooth soil seedbeds of cm, water storage ditch both sides naturally, then by the fallen leaves humus soil mixture collected from sylvan life through heap fermentation, dry, shatter, after classification is sieved, be laid on ground work cloth, the sieving of thick 3-4cm, the particle diameter 0.5-1cm that lower floor's lay particle is thicker, the sieving of the particle diameter 0.1-0.5cm of upper strata lay relatively fine particle, repave and put thick layer 0.5-1 cm peat end, form evenly, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed, 3-5 days before sowing, by seed bed center water storage ditch injected clear water, full without flowing over, then use the moisturizing of plastic film covering bed surface, wait to broadcast.
Sow and broadcast rear Early postoperative management, refer to and the seed in the fruit of the bletilla striata in batch newly gathered in the crops is taken out, mixing, thin peat suitable with fineness again mixes, seed and thin peat volume ratio 1:5, under calm or leeward condition, with hairbrush, seed peat mixtures is evenly seeded on moistening seedbed, the grain weight of the every square metre of suitable 4-5 of seeding in nursery bed amount bletilla striata fruit.Sowing time and bletilla striata seeds maturing stage, in north latitude 28-30 degree area (as changde, hunan), in mid or late September with adopting with broadcasting.After planting, with the spraying of sprayer clear water, then suppress bed surface with plank, make tiny bletilla striata seeds and bed surface close contact, then make it full without flowing over to the moisturizing of center, seedbed water storage ditch.On seedbed, do the moisturizing of plastics Small plastic shed again, allow water storage ditch in Small plastic shed central authorities, more overall laying light transmittance is the flat canopy sunshading and temperature reducing of sunshade net of 25-30% above whole seedbed.After broadcasting, until early April next year remains Small plastic shed, Shading net covering, remain that sowing seedbed central authorities water storage ditch has enough moisture storage capacitys.
Seedling fosters the bletilla striata, until the maintenance management of totally two years before going out transplanting land for growing field crops, garden after referring to seed germination.In bletilla striata seeds after planting April October to next year then, i.e. bletilla striata seedling slow vegetative period, successively twice, open Small plastic shed, with sprayer to the even spray nutritious liquor of bed surface, spray amount makes bed surface moistening, recovers Small plastic shed again after spraying.Have ready conditions and also can preset atomizing system in Small plastic shed, the most convenient by atomizing system spray nutritious liquor, May, June bletilla striata seedling enter fast growing period, repeat above foliage fertilization 2-3 time, after each fertilising, all tightly should recover Small plastic shed.The 6-8 month, also on Small plastic shed, directly should add one deck Shading net covering, prevent temperature in Small plastic shed in summer too high.With open Small plastic shed at every turn and topdress and combine, manual removal weed in seedbed, remain the water level of seedbed central authorities water storage ditch, after July, bletilla striata seedling root is formed, and have several pieces true leaves, the certain anti-adversity ability of tool, therefore Small plastic shed two ends should be opened when meeting continuous dark and damp weather, ventilate and practice seedling to reduce humidity, promote seedlings root growth, to the sowing next year 8-9 month, bletilla striata seedling has formed complete form, possesses normal resistance, now should spread Small plastic shed, but continue to keep the flat canopy of sunshade net above seedbed to cover; Avoiding most crop smothering during bletilla striata growth of seedling, when open country nursery, for preventing weed seed from invading seedbed, after removing plastics Small plastic shed, fly net should be used instead and replace plastic foil to cover.To October, on seedbed, spread fertilizer over the fields aforementioned sylvan life fallen leaves and humus soil compound particles, to cover the newborn tubercle of bletilla striata seedling base portion for degree; In the management of next year, mainly diseases and pests controlling routinely, control of weeds, can top dressing, also can water and execute liquid rich water, but must be thin, and concentration is below 3 ‰, and fertilising should note N P and K compounding application.Through the cultivation of above 2 years, bletilla striata seedling had 3-5 sheet true leaf, root stem tuber has during broad bean size and is qualified seedling, can transplant land for growing field crops.
Beneficial effect: by Ecology principle, by agrotechnique means set up seeding and seedling raising condition and supporting management technical system; be easy to apply, bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery can be realized; and scale, high efficiency seedling cultivating can be realized, the density of nursery can reach 1500-2000 strain/square metre.
Embodiment
Give an actual example below and describe the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the somewhere, Hunan Province that place is selected in north latitude 28-30 degree area is carried out, and this place is north latitude 30 degree, low-relief terrain, height above sea level about 500 meters.Seedbed area 200 square metres.
In the bletilla striata seed collecting garden to build for 2008, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out: with toothpick in the 5-6 month bletilla striata florescence in 2011, pollinium above picking gynostemium, then pollinium is filled in be positioned at below another flower pollinium attachment region, below tabula, have obviously be stained with liquid exist column cap on.After every inflorescence completes 3-5 flower pollination, open or unopened flower unnecessary for inflorescence front end is wiped out.
When fruit maturation, namely when in fruit, seed is no longer agglomerating and separated from one another, seed color becomes bright yellow from white, shell color chlorisis deepens and do not split, fruit is adopted in batches, whole fruit is deposited in the cool in short-term, prevent fruit gathering, pack, generate heat in transportation, storage time was not more than 15 days.Bletilla striata seeds is sowed after deviating from from fruit immediately, and the seed do not finished is stored in short-term under comparatively wet air condition and light scattering condition, sowing in time.
The construction of sowing condition is completed, so that can sowing in time after seed collection before seed maturity is gathered.At each wide 2m, on the center line in the soil seedbed of long 15m, be a wide 20cm, the water storage ditch of dark 30cm, plastic foil antiseep is used in ditch, again by one piece of wide 2.5m, length is identical with seedbed length, having good absorptive ground work cloth covers on seedbed, the center line of ground work cloth is overlapping with water storage ditch center line, and ground work cloth is put in water storage ditch is affixed with plastic foil in ditch, work cloth both sides, ground spread on each about 80 wide smooth soil seedbeds of cm, water storage ditch both sides naturally, again by the fallen leaves humus soil mixture collected from sylvan life through heap fermentation, dry, shatter, after classification is sieved, be laid on ground work cloth, thick 3-4cm, the sieving that lower floor's lay particle is thicker, the sieving of upper strata lay relatively fine particle, repave and put thick layer 0.5-1 cm peat end, form evenly, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed, 3-5 days before sowing, by seed bed center water storage ditch injected clear water, full without flowing over, use the moisturizing of plastic film covering bed surface again, wait to broadcast.
Seed in the fruit of the bletilla striata in batch newly gathered in the crops is taken out, mixing, after thin peat suitable with fineness again mixes, under calm or leeward condition, with hairbrush, seed peat mixtures is evenly seeded on moistening seedbed, the grain weight of the every square metre of suitable 4-5 of seeding in nursery bed amount bletilla striata fruit, after planting, to spray clear water with sprayer, bed surface is suppressed again with plank, make tiny bletilla striata seeds and bed surface close contact, make full without flowing over to the moisturizing of center, seedbed water storage ditch again, plastics Small plastic shed is made again on seedbed, water storage ditch is in Small plastic shed central authorities, above again on whole seedbed, overall laying light transmittance is the flat canopy sunshading and temperature reducing of sunshade net of 25-30%, at changde, hunan, sowing time and bletilla striata seeds maturing stage, namely mid or late September is with adopting with broadcasting, after broadcasting, until early April next year remains Small plastic shed, Shading net covering, remain that sowing seedbed central authorities water storage ditch has enough moisture storage capacitys.
At bletilla striata seeds after planting respectively at October, in April, 2012 then, successively open Small plastic shed twice, evenly spray low concentration nutrient solution with sprayer to bed surface, spray amount makes face, seedbed moistening, recovers Small plastic shed again after spraying.In May, 2012, June, repeat above foliage fertilization 2-3 time, after each fertilising, all tightly should recover Small plastic shed, the 6-8 month, Small plastic shed adds one deck Shading net covering, prevent temperature in Small plastic shed in summer too high.With open Small plastic shed at every turn and topdress and combine, manual removal weed in seedbed, remaining the water level of seedbed central authorities water storage ditch, after July, when meeting continuous dark and damp weather, opening Small plastic shed two ends, ventilate and practice seedling to reduce humidity, promote that seedlings root grows.To the 8-9 month in 2012, spread Small plastic shed, but continue to keep Shading net covering above seedbed; To October, on seedbed, spread fertilizer over the fields aforementioned sylvan life fallen leaves and humus soil mixture, to cover the newborn tubercle of bletilla striata seedling base portion for degree; The management of 2013, mainly diseases and pests controlling routinely, control of weeds, imposes concentration liquid rich water below 3 ‰.Through the cultivation of 2013, bletilla striata seedling had 3-5 sheet true leaf, root stem tuber has broad bean size, seedling density reach 1800 strains/square metre.Reach and transplant land for growing field crops standard.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (5)

1. one kind realizes the method for bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery under Ecology condition; it is characterized in that; mainly utilize bletilla striata seeds under the environment and Ecology condition of access expansion; realize the large-scale production of bletilla striata seedling; its step comprises: bletilla striata artificial supplementary pollination, bletilla striata seeds gather with preserve, the construction of sowing condition, sow and broadcast rear Early postoperative management, bletilla striata seedling fosters, its concrete operation step is as follows:
Bletilla striata artificial supplementary pollination: carry out artificial supplementary pollination in the annual bletilla striata florescence, method is with toothpick or sewing needle, pollinium above picking gynostemium, again pollinium is filled in be positioned at below pollinium attachment region, below tabula, have obviously be stained with liquid exist column cap on, adopt color pollination or cross pollination, for improving seed quality, the inflorescence of each bletilla striata only awards 3-5 flower, is wiped out by open or unopened flower unnecessary for inflorescence front end;
Bletilla striata seeds is gathered and storage: when seed maturity, namely when in fruit, seed is no longer agglomerating and separated from one another, color becomes bright yellow from white, shell color chlorisis deepens and do not split, fruit is adopted in batches, whole fruit is deposited in the cool in short-term, prevent fruit gathering, pack, generate heat in transportation, the bletilla striata fruit resting period is short as far as possible, correspondingly before seed collection, sowing condition is constructed, once seed collection, sow as early as possible;
The construction in sowing seedbed: at each wide 2m, on the center line in the soil seedbed of long 15-20m, be wide an about 20cm, the water storage ditch of dark about 30cm, plastic foil antiseep is used in ditch, again by one piece of wide 2.5m, length is identical with seedbed length, having good absorptive ground work cloth covers on seedbed, the center line of ground work cloth is overlapping with water storage ditch center line, and ground work cloth is put in ditch is affixed with plastic foil in ditch, work cloth both sides, ground spread on smooth soil seedbed, water storage ditch both sides naturally, lay sowing media on ground work cloth, 3-5 days before sowing, by seed bed center water storage ditch injected clear water, full without flowing over, use the moisturizing of plastic film covering bed surface again, wait to broadcast,
Sow and broadcast rear Early postoperative management: the seed in the fruit of the bletilla striata in batch newly gathered in the crops is taken out, mixing, thin peat suitable with fineness again mixes, seed and thin peat volume ratio 1:5, under calm or leeward condition, evenly be seeded on moistening seedbed with hairbrush by seed peat mixtures, every square metre of seeding in nursery bed amount is the grain weight of 4-5 bletilla striata fruit; Sowing time and bletilla striata seeds maturing stage, in north latitude 28-30 degree area, in mid or late September with adopting with broadcasting; After planting, spray with sprayer clear water, bed surface is suppressed again with plank, make tiny bletilla striata seeds and bed surface close contact, make it full without flowing over to the moisturizing of center, seedbed water storage ditch again, the moisturizing of plastics Small plastic shed is done again on seedbed, allow water storage ditch in Small plastic shed central authorities, above whole seedbed, overall laying light transmittance is the flat canopy sunshading and temperature reducing of sunshade net of 25-30% again, after broadcasting, until early April next year remains Small plastic shed, Shading net covering, remain that sowing seedbed central authorities water storage ditch has enough moisture storage capacitys;
Seedling fosters the bletilla striata: in bletilla striata seeds after planting October and April next year then, and May, June, with sprayer to the even spray nutritious liquor of bed surface; The 7-8 month, on Small plastic shed, add the flat canopy of one deck sunshade net and cover, prevent temperature in Small plastic shed in summer too high; Remain the water level of seedbed central authorities water storage ditch; The sowing next year 8-9 month, spread Small plastic shed, but continue to keep the flat canopy of sunshade net above seedbed to cover; After removing plastics Small plastic shed, use fly net instead and replace plastic foil to cover; To October, on seedbed, spread fertilizer over the fields sylvan life fallen leaves and humus soil compound particles, cover the newborn tubercle of bletilla striata seedling base portion.
2. a kind of method realizing bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery under Ecology condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, under bletilla seed subband shell is housed in refrigerator cold-storage condition, storage time is no more than 15 days, after bletilla striata seeds is deviate from from fruit, store under comparatively wet air condition and light scattering condition, and storage time was no more than 5 days, sowing in time.
3. a kind of method realizing bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery under Ecology condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, on described ground work cloth the sowing media of lay be the fallen leaves humus soil mixture collected from sylvan life through heap fermentation, drying, shatter, classification makes after sieving, when being laid on ground work cloth, the sieving of the particle diameter 0.5-1cm that lower floor's lay particle is thicker, the sieving of the particle diameter 0.1-0.5cm of upper strata lay relatively fine particle, repave and put thick layer 0.5-1cm peat powder, form even, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed.
4. a kind of method realizing bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery under Ecology condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described bletilla striata seedling production cycle is 2 years.
5. a kind of method realizing bletilla striata sexual propagation nursery under Ecology condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described bletilla striata seedling goes out garden standard of transplanting and is: 3-5 sheet true leaf, root stem tuber have broad bean size.
CN201310353993.6A 2013-08-15 2013-08-15 Method for realizing sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla under imitated ecological condition Expired - Fee Related CN103444394B (en)

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