CN103409143B - A kind of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and using method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103409143B CN103409143B CN201310351491.XA CN201310351491A CN103409143B CN 103409143 B CN103409143 B CN 103409143B CN 201310351491 A CN201310351491 A CN 201310351491A CN 103409143 B CN103409143 B CN 103409143B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and using method thereof.Form by the mixed raw material of following proportioning is standby: unslaked lime 20wt%-30wt%, ground dolomite 50wt%-60wt%, lime nitrogen 5wt%-10wt%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10wt%-15wt%.Using method, comprises the steps: 1) soil sampling, and test pH value; 2) according to different pH value, the modifying agent of different amounts is used.The present invention improves Soil structure, keeps soil from packing together, and supplements the organic matter of soil, can also carry out integrated control to the soil-borne disease of tobacco leaf, and preparation method of the present invention is simple simultaneously, and raw material is easy to get, with low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to conditioner for acidified soil technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and using method thereof.
Background technology
Soil acidification is an important indicator of assessing index, is also one of worldwide ecological environment problem.In recent years, along with the fast development of Chinese industrial, the day by day serious and chemical fertilizer of acid deposition uses in a large number in agriculture production, greatly accelerates soil acidification speed.Show that the agricultural land soil of China 90% all there occurs acidification phenomenon in various degree according to data, its pH value on average have dropped about 0.5 unit.
The suitableeest soil pH of sound tobacco growth is 5.5-6.5, too high or too lowly all can have a negative impact to the quality of cigarette strain growth and tobacco leaf.Because tobacco leaf planting takes continuous cropping pattern for a long time, and use a large amount of chemical fertilizer, the Shaoshi not even reason such as organic fertilizer material and acid deposition, in the Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South that eluviation is stronger, soil acidification trend is comparatively serious.According to South-West Hubei part smoke hallway, the survey showed that: the area of strongly-acid (pH<4.5) and acid (4.5<pH<5.5) has reached 51.3% of the investigation total area.Soil acidification affects activity biological in soil, changes the form of nutrient in soil, reduces nutrient availability; Impel free manganese, aluminum ion dissolves in the soil solution, toxic action is produced to crop; Also bring out some soil-borne disease of crop simultaneously.The tobacco leaf that acid soil is planted easily causes root system to injure, and normal forms stiff seedling and Lao Miao, and it is serious that soil passes rhizome portion disease, makes the yielding poorly of tobacco leaf, product shoddy.The soil fertility obstacle derived by soil acidification at present and soil-borne disease have become the Main Bottleneck of restriction tobacco leaf sustainable and healthy development.
Material major part for acid soil improvement in current production adopts unslaked lime, use the pH of unslaked lime energy Quick peracidity soil, but because it affects much smaller than topsoil soils basement soil, and use for a long time or in a large number, accelerate the release of organic decomposition and reduction-state nitrogen, sulphur, thus multiple acidizing degree can be made to strengthen, simultaneously long-term application lime can cause soil compaction and form " lime harden field ", also can cause the dysequilibrium of soil calcium, potassium, magnesium 3 kinds of elements, reduce the activity of magnesium in soil and cause crop failure.
Research both at home and abroad about acidified soil conditioner and application thereof has a lot.As disclosed a kind of modifier for acidized bamboo soil in Chinese patent (publication number: 102503728A) " a kind of modifier for acidized bamboo soil and application thereof ", although it can improve acidified soil, the insect pest of control soil-borne disease, have additional nutrients, but it is not strong to the specific aim of tobacco-growing soil, and the sowing amount of the modifying agent required is not enough, to the improved effect of tobacco-growing soil and the control of soil-borne disease limited.Chinese patent (publication number: 101781564A) " a kind of facility vegetable land soil amendment utilizing magnesite tailings and preparation method thereof " discloses a kind of modifying agent for protected horticultural vegetable field soil, although it can improve the acid or alkali environment of horticultural vegetable field soil, improve soil physical property, but because major part in modifying agent employs decomposition magnesite powder comparatively slowly, so effective to the improved effect of strongly acidic soil in a short time.In sum, although the invention in soil acidification modifying agent is a lot, but great majority concentrate on the soil such as forest land, tea place, field of vegetables and orchard, but for the improvement of acidifying tobacco-growing soil, the aspects such as the control of soil-borne disease there is not yet the stronger innovation of specific aim.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem of yield of tobacco that tobacco-growing soil acidifying brings and Quality Down, and the problem of derivative soil fertility obstacle and soil-borne disease, provide a kind of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and using method thereof, while improvement acid soil, integrated control is carried out to the soil-borne disease of tobacco leaf.
The technical scheme adopted is as follows:
A kind of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver, forms by the mixed raw material of following proportioning is standby:
Unslaked lime 20wt%-30wt%, ground dolomite 50wt%-60wt%, lime nitrogen 5wt%-10wt%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10wt%-15wt%.
By such scheme, described unslaked lime CaO content >=94wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
By such scheme, described ground dolomite CaO content >=35wt%, content of MgO >=26wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
By such scheme, described peat composed of rotten mosses organic content >=50wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
By such scheme, the effective nitrogen content >=16wt% of described lime nitrogen, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
By such scheme, the using method of described Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver, comprises the steps:
1) soil sampling, and test pH value;
2) according to different pH value, the modifying agent of different amounts is used, specific as follows:
As tobacco-growing soil pH value < 4.5, the amount of application of modifying agent is 300-350kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields, subtract the nitrogen fertilizer amount executing 30%-40% simultaneously before taking fertilising ridging;
When tobacco-growing soil pH value is 4.5-5.0, the amount of application of modifying agent is 240-290kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields, subtract the nitrogen fertilizer amount executing 20%-30% simultaneously before taking fertilising ridging;
When tobacco-growing soil pH value is 5.0-5.5, the amount of application of modifying agent is 180-230kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields, subtract the nitrogen fertilizer amount executing 10%-20% simultaneously before taking fertilising ridging.
By such scheme, if during tobacco leaf disease incidence of soil-borne disease >=30%, separately get the unslaked lime accounting for 20% consumption in used modifying agent component, according to unslaked lime: water is that the mass ratio of 1:20 makes suspension, after tobacco leaf transplanting, carry out cigarette strain root irrigation between 40-50 days.
By such scheme, for same region, the time described in administered twice between Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver is no less than 2 years.
Lime nitrogen, is not only a kind of alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer, and has effect of desinsection, herbicide, sterilizing disease-preventing, also be a kind of nitrification inhibitor simultaneously, not only effectively reduce nitrification in soil, reduce the release of H+, and be conducive to reducing nitrate leaching migration in soil, cause agricultural non-point pollution.
The peat composed of rotten mosses is a kind of organic ore body piled up year by year in half plant of rotting state, be rich in humic substance, there is stronger adsorptivity and air permeability, it not only can improve Soil structure, keep soil from packing together, and the organic matter of soil can be supplemented, be unlikely to because after liming, and cause soil with organic matter content to decline to a great extent.
In the present invention, quick-acting and long-acting combination is adopted to the improvement of acid soil, carry out comprehensive improvement.Unslaked lime can the active acidity of quick sweetening of the soil at short notice, supplement calcium ion to soil, and ground dolomite can suppress the multiple acid of soil in long-time, improve the soda acid buffer capacity of soil, potential acidity in sweetening of the soil, supplements the magnesium ion in soil.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) preparation method is simple, and raw material is easy to obtain, and cost value is cheap, is applicable to factorial praluction, also can be applicable to peasant household and configure voluntarily;
2) while improvement acid soil, integrated control has been carried out to the soil-borne disease of tobacco leaf;
3) not only can improve Soil structure, keep soil from packing together, and the organic matter of soil can be supplemented, be unlikely to because after liming, and cause soil with organic matter content to decline to a great extent.
Embodiment
Embodiment is to further explaination of the present invention, not as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Modifying agent is prepared: accurately take unslaked lime 80.0kg, ground dolomite 150.0kg, lime nitrogen 15.0kg, peat composed of rotten mosses 35.0kg, and after feeding intake successively, mixing 5 minutes, obtains the Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver mixed.
Sampling analysis: this tobacco-growing soil (soil depth 0-15cm) pH is 4.6, and Exchange alkalinity is 3.23cmol/kg, belongs to strongly acidic soil.
Test design: each process 100 strain cigarettes, area 70m
2; And the control group not using modifying agent is set; Each process arranges 3 repetitions.
Using of modifying agent: modifying agent amount of application is 280kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields before ridge-forming and fertilizing April.
Use after modifying agent after the 90th day, gather 0-15cm pedotheque and analyze, soil pH adopts potentiometry (soil ratio is 2.5:1), and Exchange alkalinity, exchangeability H+ and exchangeable aluminum adopt KCl exchanges-acid base neutralization titration method mensuration.
The situation of soil pH value and the acid of latent property after modifying agent used by table 1
As shown in Table 1, after using modifying agent 280kg/ mu, the pH value of soil improve 0.7 unit after 90 days, and obvious decline all appears in Exchange alkalinity and exchangeable aluminum, reached the effect of improvement soil acidity.
Embodiment 2
Modifying agent is prepared: accurately take unslaked lime 100.0kg, ground dolomite 175.0kg, lime nitrogen 30.0kg, peat composed of rotten mosses 35.0kg, and after feeding intake successively, mixing 5 minutes, obtains the Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver mixed;
Sampling analysis: this tobacco-growing soil (soil depth 0-15cm) pH value is 4.0, (be 5.32cmol/kg, belong to strongly acidic soil, the sickness rate of the main soil-borne disease bacterial wilt of tobacco leaf is greater than 70% to Exchange alkalinity, and tobacco leaf stem stalk is short and small, and blade hacks deficiency.
Test design is with embodiment 1.
Modifying agent is used: apply the acid modifying agent of 340kg/ mu before ridge-forming and fertilizing April, and separately get 20% of unslaked lime component in modifying agent, i.e. 20kg unslaked lime, according to unslaked lime: water is that the mass ratio of 1:20 makes suspension, carries out cigarette strain for 40-50 days after tobacco leaf transplanting and fills with root.
Result shows: do not use modifying agent control group bacterial wilt sickness rate to be then 72%, and to application of modifying agent plot bacterial wilt sickness rate be then 30%, and time of morbidity comparatively control group postponed 7-8 days, the output increased of tobacco leaf 38.8%, the output value improves 45.2%.Adopt the inventive method to repair acidifying tobacco-growing soil, not only effectively reduce the sickness rate of tobacco leaf soil-borne disease, the delayed onset time, and add blade adopt roasting rate, improve the output of tobacco leaf, add the income of tobacco grower.
Embodiment 3
Modifying agent is prepared: accurately take unslaked lime 50.0kg, ground dolomite 105.0kg, lime nitrogen 15.0kg, peat composed of rotten mosses 30.0kg, and after feeding intake successively, mixing 5 minutes, obtains the Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver mixed;
Sampling analysis: this tobacco-growing soil (soil depth 0-15cm) pH is 5.2, and Exchange alkalinity is 1.37cmol/kg, belongs to acid soil.
Test design is with embodiment 1.
Using of modifying agent: modifying agent amount of application is 200kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields before ridge-forming and fertilizing April.
Use after modifying agent after the 90th day, gather 0-15cm pedotheque and analyze:
The situation of soil pH value and the acid of latent property after modifying agent used by table 2
As shown in Table 2, after using modifying agent 200kg/ mu, the pH value of soil improve 0.4 unit after 90 days, and reduction in various degree all appears in Exchange alkalinity and exchangeable aluminum, reached the effect of improvement soil acidity.
Claims (6)
1. a Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver, is characterized in that forming by the mixed raw material of following proportioning is standby:
Unslaked lime 20wt%-30wt%, ground dolomite 50wt%-60wt%, lime nitrogen 5wt%-10wt%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10wt%-15wt%;
Wherein, described ground dolomite CaO content >=35wt%, content of MgO >=26wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm; Described peat composed of rotten mosses organic content >=50wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
2., as the Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver in claim 1, it is characterized in that described unslaked lime CaO content >=94wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
3., as the Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver in claim 1, it is characterized in that the effective nitrogen content >=16wt% of described lime nitrogen, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
4. the using method of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver according to claim 1, comprises the steps:
1) soil sampling, and test pH value;
2) according to different pH value, the Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver of different amounts is used, specific as follows:
As tobacco-growing soil pH value < 4.5, the amount of application of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver is 300-350kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields, subtract the nitrogen fertilizer amount executing 30%-40% simultaneously before taking fertilising ridging;
When tobacco-growing soil pH value is 4.5-5.0, the amount of application of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver is 240-290kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields, subtract the nitrogen fertilizer amount executing 20%-30% simultaneously before taking fertilising ridging;
When tobacco-growing soil pH value is 5.0-5.5, the amount of application of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver is 180-230kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields, subtract the nitrogen fertilizer amount executing 10%-20% simultaneously before taking fertilising ridging.
5. the using method of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:
If during tobacco leaf disease incidence of soil-borne disease >=30%, another preparing quick lime, the amount of institute's preparing quick lime accounts for 20% of unslaked lime component addition in used modifying agent, according to lime: water is that the mass ratio of 1:20 makes suspension, after tobacco leaf transplanting, carry out cigarette strain root irrigation between 40-50 days.
6. the using method of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:
For same region, the time described in administered twice between Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver is no less than 2 years.
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| CN201310351491.XA CN103409143B (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2013-08-13 | A kind of Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and using method thereof |
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