CN102918971B - Ridging sowing method for improving corn yield of saline-alkali soils - Google Patents
Ridging sowing method for improving corn yield of saline-alkali soils Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a ridging sowing method for improving corn yield of saline-alkali soils, relates to a sowing method for saline-alkali soil corn and aims to solve the technical problem of low corn yield of the conventional saline-alkali soil corn sowing methods. The method comprises the following steps of (1) performing deep plowing ridging; (2) applying improver; (3) applying base fertilizer; (4) ridging; and (5) sowing. The method has the advantages that 1, ardealite used as an improver is applied to the bottom of the plowed layer and can effectively displace sodium ions in the plowed layer soil and flow below the plowed layer along with irrigation, so the accumulation of sodium ions in the soil on the plowed layer along the evaporation of water after irrigation is performed is avoided, and the salt-leaching effect of the irrigation is enhanced; and simultaneously, by the application of organic fertilizer, the content of organic matters in the soil is increased, the fertile plowed layer is cultured, and the fertilizer retention and the water retention of the soil are improved; and 2, the method is high in operability, easy to implement, less in consumption of the improver and low in cost and has quick effect and obvious yield-increasing effect of corn.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to the type of seeding of a kind of saline land corn.
Background technology
Corn (Zea mays L.) is the Northeast of China Main Cultivation crop, and cultivated area accounts for 30% of national maize sown area.Western part, the Northeast is the areal concentration of China's Soda saline and alkaline soils, and salinization of soil arable area reaches 1,920 ten thousand mu, accounts for 6.8% of whole district total cultivated area, mostly is middle low yield dry land, and the average annual per mu yield of corn is less than 400 kilograms.The salinization of soil, fertility level Di Shigai district corn yield is difficult to the key factor improved.This district's arable soil salinity is based on carbonate, exchangeable sodium ion concentration is high, and pH is many between 7.5 ~ 8.5, in alkalescent, in traditional corn planting, fertilising is mainly chemical fertilizer, due to soil fertilizer poor water retention property, fertilizer efficiency period is shorter, and fertilizer utilization efficiency is low, in addition after irrigating, surface water evaporates in a large number, cause soil salt submeter to gather, cause Maize Roots suppressed, the shortcomings such as yield level is low.It is low to there is corn yield in existing saline land corn planting method, and average annual per mu yield is only 350 ~ 400 kilograms.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve existing saline land corn planting method and there is the low technical problem of corn yield, and a kind of bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield is provided.
Improve a bedder-planter method for saline land corn yield, specifically complete according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carry out deep ploughing ridging in 25 ~ April 30 April, furrow is 20cm ~ 25cm deeply, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, modifying agent is executed: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as modifying agent by ardealite after deep ploughing ridging, the ardealite amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 40 kgs/acre ~ 80 kgs/acre, then earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm; Three, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: first the mixing base fertilizer be mixed to get by ordinary maize base fertilizer and organic commercial fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the overburden layer obtained in step 2, in described mixing base fertilizer, ordinary maize base fertilizer amount of application is 30 kgs/acre ~ 40 kgs/acre, and in described mixing base fertilizer, organic commercial fertilizer amount of application is 30 kgs/acre ~ 50 kgs/acre; Four, ridging: broken from centre by former ridge platform after applying fertilizer to the subsoil and set up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopts roller by ridge platform compacting, namely set up ridge height for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Five, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 1 ~ 2 time, completes the sowing of corn.
Advantage of the present invention: one, the present invention executes ardealite as modifying agent bottom topsoil, effective displacement topsoil soils sodium ion, and drench to topsoil with irrigation, avoid after soil sodium ion is irrigated and build up in topsoil with moisture evaporation, enhance the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect of irrigation; Application of organic fertilizers can increase soil organic matter content simultaneously, cultivates fertile topsoil, enhances the fertilizer conservation moisture capacity of soil; Two, the present invention is workable, simple and easy to do, and have modifying agent consumption few, cost is low, instant effect, corn yield increasing successful; Three, the present invention's method of adopting ardealite, organic commercial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer co-administered, soil pH is declined 0.3 unit, exchangeable sodium ion concentration reduces by 15% ~ 23.5%, soil available phosphorus content improves 57%, and corn yield improves 36.8% ~ 38.9%, has reduction soil salt, promote soil fertility, amending and fertilizing soil, promotes corn growth, improves the effect of output; Therefore, have a extensive future, there is progressively improvement and fertilizing soil, promote middle-and-low-yielding fields soil fertility, improve grain yield, realize the significance of the sustainable farming in salinization of soil farmland.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ridge shape schematic diagram of embodiment one, A in figure is the ridge shape schematic diagram that embodiment one step one obtains, B in figure is the ridge shape schematic diagram that embodiment one step 4 obtains, a in figure is ardealite layer, b in figure is overburden layer, c in figure is base fertilizer layer, and the d in figure is soil horizon, and the e in figure is seeding layer; Fig. 2 is the corn yield histogram of test one to test four.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is a kind of bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield, specifically complete according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carry out deep ploughing ridging in 25 ~ April 30 April, furrow is 20cm ~ 25cm deeply, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, modifying agent is executed: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as modifying agent by ardealite after deep ploughing ridging, the ardealite amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 40 kgs/acre ~ 80 kgs/acre, then earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm; Three, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: first the mixing base fertilizer be mixed to get by ordinary maize base fertilizer and organic commercial fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the overburden layer obtained in step 2, in described mixing base fertilizer, ordinary maize base fertilizer amount of application is 30 kgs/acre ~ 40 kgs/acre, and in described mixing base fertilizer, organic commercial fertilizer amount of application is 30 kgs/acre ~ 50 kgs/acre; Four, ridging: broken from centre by former ridge platform after applying fertilizer to the subsoil and set up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopts roller by ridge platform compacting, namely set up ridge height for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Five, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 1 ~ 2 time, completes the sowing of corn.
The ridge shape schematic diagram of present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, A in figure is the ridge shape schematic diagram that present embodiment step one obtains, B in figure is the ridge shape schematic diagram that present embodiment step 4 obtains, a in figure is ardealite layer, b in figure is overburden layer, c in figure is base fertilizer layer, and the d in figure is soil horizon, and the e in figure is seeding layer.
The content of organic matter>=45% in organic commercial fertilizer described in present embodiment, N, P
2o
5and K
2o total content>=10%.
Present embodiment executes ardealite as modifying agent bottom topsoil, effectively displacement topsoil soils sodium ion, and drenches to topsoil with irrigation, avoids after soil sodium ion is irrigated and builds up in topsoil with moisture evaporation, enhance the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect of irrigation; Application of organic fertilizers can increase soil organic matter content simultaneously, cultivates fertile topsoil, enhances the fertilizer conservation moisture capacity of soil.
Present embodiment is workable, simple and easy to do, and have modifying agent consumption few, cost is low, instant effect, corn yield increasing successful.
The method that present embodiment adopts ardealite, organic commercial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer co-administered, soil pH is declined 0.3 unit, exchangeable sodium ion concentration reduces by 15% ~ 23.5%, soil available phosphorus content improves 57%, and corn yield improves 36.8% ~ 38.9%, has reduction soil salt, promote soil fertility, amending and fertilizing soil, promotes corn growth, improves the effect of output; Therefore, have a extensive future, there is progressively improvement and fertilizing soil, promote middle-and-low-yielding fields soil fertility, improve grain yield, realize the significance of the sustainable farming in salinization of soil farmland.
Embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer that the ordinary maize base fertilizer described in step 3 is special compound fertilizer for corns or is mixed by urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; When using as ordinary maize base fertilizer according to special compound fertilizer for corns, special compound fertilizer for corns amount of application is 30 kgs/acre ~ 40 kgs/acre; When the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer mixed according to urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate uses as ordinary maize base fertilizer, in described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, urea amount of application is 10 kgs/acre ~ 15 kgs/acre, in described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, diammonium phosphate amount of application is 8 kgs/acre ~ 10 kgs/acre, and in described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, potassium sulfate amount of application is 6 kgs/acre ~ 8 kgs/acre.Other are identical with embodiment one.
With N, P in special compound fertilizer for corns described in present embodiment
2o
5and K
2o total content is greater than 45%.
Adopt following verification experimental verification effect of the present invention
Test one: a kind of bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield, specifically complete according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carried out deep ploughing ridging April 25, furrow dark (namely ridge is high) is 20cm ~ 25cm, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as base fertilizer by special compound fertilizer for corns, special compound fertilizer for corns amount of application is 30 kgs/acre; Three, ridging: after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, former ridge platform is broken from centre and set up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopt roller by ridge platform compacting, namely set up ridge high (namely furrow is dark) for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Four, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 2 times, completes the sowing of corn.
Special compound fertilizer for corns described in this test procedure two is Sa Kefu Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 18-18-18.
Test two: a kind of bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield, specifically complete according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carry out deep ploughing ridging in 25 ~ April 30 April, furrow dark (namely ridge is high) is 20cm ~ 25cm, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, modifying agent is executed: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as modifying agent by ardealite after deep ploughing ridging, the ardealite amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 50 kgs/acre, then earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm; Three, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as base fertilizer by special compound fertilizer for corns, special compound fertilizer for corns amount of application is 30 kgs/acre; Four, ridging: after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, former ridge platform is broken from centre and set up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopt roller by ridge platform compacting, namely set up ridge high (namely furrow is dark) for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Five, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 2 times, completes the sowing of corn.
Ardealite described in this test procedure two is the West, Liaoning Te Fei limited company.
Special compound fertilizer for corns described in this test procedure three is Sa Kefu Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 18-18-18.
Test three: a kind of bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield, specifically complete according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carry out deep ploughing ridging in 25 ~ April 30 April, furrow dark (namely ridge is high) is 20cm ~ 25cm, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: first the mixing base fertilizer be mixed to get by special compound fertilizer for corns and organic commercial fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the overburden layer obtained in step 2, in described mixing base fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for corns amount of application is 30 kgs/acre, and in described mixing base fertilizer, organic commercial fertilizer amount of application is 40 kgs/acre; Three, ridging: after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, former ridge platform is broken from centre and set up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopt roller by ridge platform compacting, namely set up ridge high (namely furrow is dark) for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Four, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 2 times, completes the sowing of corn.
Special compound fertilizer for corns described in this test procedure three is Sa Kefu Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 18-18-18.
Organic commercial fertilizer described in this test procedure three is the red granular fertilizer of taste that Taiwan Wei Dan group produces, the content of organic matter >=45% in the red granular fertilizer of taste.
Test four: a kind of bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield, specifically complete according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carry out deep ploughing ridging in 25 ~ April 30 April, furrow dark (namely ridge is high) is 20cm ~ 25cm, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, modifying agent is executed: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as modifying agent by ardealite after deep ploughing ridging, the ardealite amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 50 kgs/acre, then earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm; Three, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: first the mixing base fertilizer be mixed to get by special compound fertilizer for corns and organic commercial fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the overburden layer obtained in step 2, in described mixing base fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for corns amount of application is 30 kgs/acre, and in described mixing base fertilizer, organic commercial fertilizer amount of application is 40 kgs/acre; Four, ridging: after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, former ridge platform is broken from centre and set up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopt roller by ridge platform compacting, namely set up ridge high (namely furrow is dark) for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Five, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 2 times, completes the sowing of corn.
Ardealite described in this test procedure two is the West, Liaoning Te Fei limited company.
Special compound fertilizer for corns described in this test procedure three is Sa Kefu Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 18-18-18.
Organic commercial fertilizer described in this test procedure three is the red granular fertilizer of taste that Taiwan Wei Dan group produces, the content of organic matter >=45% in the red granular fertilizer of taste.
Test one to four is that in Daan City, Jilin Province, happy victory chief of township Hong Cun salinized soil carried out corn fertilizing test in 2010, and Daan City, Jilin Province happy victory chief of township Hong Cun soil physico-chemical property is as follows: soil types is slight saline-alkali soil, pH is 7.86, electrical conductivity is 0.57mS/cm, cation exchange capacity is 23.75cmol/Kg, exchangeability Na
+ion is 0.493cmol/Kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 82.4mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus is 14.9mg/kg and available potassium is 92.5mg/kg.
The corn yield of record test one to four, as shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 tests one to four corn yield histogram, and test one to four corn yield contrast by Fig. 2 known, the corn yield of test four is the highest, volume increase 36.8% compared with test one, obvious effect of increasing production.
Test five: a kind of bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield, specifically complete according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carried out deep ploughing ridging April 25, furrow dark (namely ridge is high) is 20cm ~ 25cm, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as base fertilizer by special compound fertilizer for corns, special compound fertilizer for corns amount of application is 30 kgs/acre; Three, ridging: after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, former ridge platform is broken from centre and set up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopt roller by ridge platform compacting, namely ridge high (namely furrow is dark) for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Four, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 2 times.
Special compound fertilizer for corns described in this test procedure three is Sa Kefu Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 18-18-18.
Test six: a kind of bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield, specifically complete according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carry out deep ploughing ridging in 25 ~ April 30 April, furrow dark (namely ridge is high) is 20cm ~ 25cm, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, modifying agent is executed: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as modifying agent by ardealite after deep ploughing ridging, the ardealite amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 50 kgs/acre, then earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm; Three, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: first the mixing base fertilizer be mixed to get by special compound fertilizer for corns and organic commercial fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the overburden layer obtained in step 2, in described mixing base fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for corns amount of application is 30 kgs/acre, and in described mixing base fertilizer, organic commercial fertilizer amount of application is 40 kgs/acre; Four, ridging: new ridge is set up in the furrow position after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, former ridge platform is broken from centre and sets up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopt roller by ridge platform compacting, namely ridge high (namely furrow is dark) for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Five, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 2 times.
Ardealite described in this test procedure two is the West, Liaoning Te Fei limited company.
Special compound fertilizer for corns described in this test procedure three is Sa Kefu Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 18-18-18.
Organic commercial fertilizer described in this test procedure three is the red granular fertilizer of taste that Taiwan Wei Dan group produces, the content of organic matter >=45% in the red granular fertilizer of taste.
Test five to six is that in Daan City, Jilin Province, happy victory chief of township Hong Cun salinized soil carried out corn fertilizing test in 2011, and Daan City, Jilin Province happy victory chief of township Hong Cun soil physico-chemical property is as follows: soil types is slight saline-alkali soil, pH is 7.86, electrical conductivity is 0.57mS/cm, cation exchange capacity is 23.75cmol/Kg, exchangeability Na
+ion is 0.493cmol/Kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 82.4mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus is 14.9mg/kg and available potassium is 92.5mg/kg.
The corn yield of test five is 6525 kilograms/hectare, and the corn yield of test six is 9063 kilograms/hectare, and the corn yield of test six improves 38.9%, obvious effect of increasing production than the corn yield of test five.
Detection experiment six plot soil physico-chemical property, to decline 0.3 unit by detecting known test six plot topsoil soils pH, topsoil soils exchangeable sodium ion concentration decreases 23.5%, content of soil available phosphor increase by 57.0%, soil melioration and soil fertilities fairly obvious.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is improved the bedder-planter method of saline land corn yield, it is characterized in that the bedder-planter method improving saline land corn yield completes according to the following steps: ridging of, deep ploughing: carry out deep ploughing ridging in 25 ~ April 30 April, furrow is 20cm ~ 25cm deeply, and furrow is wide is 15cm ~ 20cm; Two, modifying agent is executed: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow as modifying agent by ardealite after deep ploughing ridging, the ardealite amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 40 kgs/acre ~ 80 kgs/acre, then earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm; Three, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: first the mixing base fertilizer be mixed to get by ordinary maize base fertilizer and organic commercial fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the overburden layer obtained in step 2, in described mixing base fertilizer, ordinary maize base fertilizer amount of application is 30 kgs/acre ~ 40 kgs/acre, and in described mixing base fertilizer, organic commercial fertilizer amount of application is 30 kgs/acre ~ 50 kgs/acre; Four, ridging: broken from centre by former ridge platform after applying fertilizer to the subsoil and set up new ridge in former furrow position, ridge platform distance from top base fertilizer 10cm ~ 15cm, then adopts roller by ridge platform compacting, namely set up ridge height for 15cm ~ 20cm and row spacing be the new ridge of 65cm ~ 70cm; Five, sow: take spacing in the rows as 30cm ~ 35cm, sowing depth is 3cm ~ 5cm and every hole 1 ~ 2 seeding corn seed, after planting carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3cm ~ 5cm, then adopts roller spreading 1 ~ 2 time, completes the sowing of corn;
The Chemical Mixed Fertilizer that ordinary maize base fertilizer described in step 3 is special compound fertilizer for corns or is mixed by urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein said special compound fertilizer for corns is Sa Kefu Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 18-18-18; When using as ordinary maize base fertilizer according to special compound fertilizer for corns, special compound fertilizer for corns amount of application is 30 kgs/acre ~ 40 kgs/acre; When the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer mixed according to urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate uses as ordinary maize base fertilizer, in described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, urea amount of application is 10 kgs/acre ~ 15 kgs/acre, in described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, diammonium phosphate amount of application is 8 kgs/acre ~ 10 kgs/acre, and in described Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, potassium sulfate amount of application is 6 kgs/acre ~ 8 kgs/acre.
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| CN105660111A (en) * | 2016-01-16 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | High-yield cultivating method for corn in dry-farming area of northern cold region |
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