CN104938173A - Method for planting sainfoin at saline-alkali slope wasteland of arid region - Google Patents

Method for planting sainfoin at saline-alkali slope wasteland of arid region Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104938173A
CN104938173A CN201510289027.1A CN201510289027A CN104938173A CN 104938173 A CN104938173 A CN 104938173A CN 201510289027 A CN201510289027 A CN 201510289027A CN 104938173 A CN104938173 A CN 104938173A
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Prior art keywords
sainfoin
desert
saline
sowing
soil
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CN201510289027.1A
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CN104938173B (en
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朱家明
朱自安
王慧琴
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XINJIANG XINLV AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
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XINJIANG XINLV AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting sainfoin at a saline-alkali slope wasteland of an arid region. The method comprises the steps of district selection, preparation before seeding, seeding and irrigation. Under the semi-desert slope drop irrigation condition, sainfoin is planted without tillage, the sainfoin is planted to increase pasture yield while original vegetation is protected, and the quality of pasture is improved. Combined with the gentle slope semi-desert grassland environment, drop irrigation pipes are buried at intervals along contour lines with certain line spacing, through appropriate water supplementing, water lack in the seedling stage is relieved, the soil salinity of a planting region is faded to a certain extent, and seedling standing of the sainfoin is promoted. By means of the method, real tillage, salt content restraining through great water and other methods which damage the fragile semi-desert ecological environment are avoided, the sainfoin is planted at semi-desert saline-alkali soil under the water-saving drop irrigation measure, and a sustainable grazing meadow with biodiversity is formed.

Description

The method of a kind of arid biogeographic zone saline and alkaline waste hillside plantation sainfoin
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, specifically in the saline and alkaline waste hillside of arid biogeographic zone half-desert, no-tillage drip irrigation plants the method for sainfoin.
Background technology:
Xinjiang is the important animal husbandry base of China, and by overgrazed, grassland reclamation, excavate medicinal material etc. and affect, the existing 600,000,000 mu of appearance of existing native pasture are degenerated in various degree, and wherein 200,000,000 mu is serious degradation.In order to the sustainable development of pasture animal husbandry, the engineerings such as herdsmen settlement were progressively implemented in Xinjiang from 1988, built artificial Forage Base, widelyd popularize the plantation of fodder grass.Xinjiang Mountainous area is large, and in area, gentle slope, low mountain, precipitation generally can reach 200mm, and the half-desert meadow formed is important native pasture.Artificial modified carried out to this region appropriateness, significantly will improve herbage quality, improve unit are Forage Grass Biomass output.For this reason, the invention provides the method for a kind of half-desert hillside fields plantation sainfoin.This method can ensure stronger yielding ability and yield stability, can solve meadow and prohibit, not herds the difficult problem of rear livestock forage grass, can keep original vegetation on half-desert ground simultaneously preferably.
Sainfoin (Onobrychisviciifolia) is pulse family Onobrychis herbaceos perennial, protein content is high, anti-saline and alkaline, arid ability is all better than alfalfa, all has cultivation on China Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, the Inner Mongol and other places.Red bean grass roots has root nodule, and nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, and to improving soil physico-chemical property, fertilizing soil, promotes the formation of soil aggregate, all have great importance.Sainfoin root system is powerful, and side root is many, and bank protection soil conservation is made good use of, and at the slope land of eroding and water erosion is serious, its output is higher than other leguminous plant of kind, is good soil-and-water conservation effect.Sainfoin contains tannin, can be present in the soluble protein forming a large amount of foam in livestock cud, raises, does not expand disease when herding, overcome the defect that the leguminous forages such as alfalfa can not be eaten in a large number by ruminant domestic animal ruminant domestic animal green grass or young crops.
Chinese Patent Application No. 201110235839.x has set forth the planting and establishing method on alfalfa saline land, and what wherein propose destroys original vegetation and ecology wholely, adds input cost, this arid biogeographic zone reclamation of wasteland formula plantation method forbid by country.Gather in cost high, alfalfa is not suitable for herds simultaneously, and ruminant domestic animal green grass or young crops is raised, can expand disease when herding.But this patent has reference value to mixed seeding plantation sainfoin.Number of patent application 201010233703.0 has set forth the method for light saline land Planting Medicago sativa, relate to the light saline land autumn turn over, the step such as execute that farmyard manure, ridging, suppression and spring, ridge was sowed, workload is comparatively large, and program is more loaded down with trivial details.Number of patent application 03117550.3 set forth one sow seeds after not earthing to avoid uneven, nakedly broadcasting alfalfa method because earthing causes to emerge, number of patent application 03149654.7 discloses a kind of by gibberellin, ammonium molybdate and ethanol proportioning preparation and the seed soaking type of seeding based on this preparation, and these technical methods have certain reference value for direct-seeding planting sainfoin.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is, provides the method for a kind of arid biogeographic zone saline and alkaline waste hillside plantation sainfoin, and the method is selected by location, broadcasts front preparation, sowing and irrigation step and complete.Under the condition of drip irrigation of half-desert hillside fields, zero tillage sainfoin, while the original vegetation of protection, sowing sainfoin is to increase forage yield, improves herbage quality.In conjunction with half-desert grassland, gentle slope environment, bury drip irrigation pipe underground along contour interval one line spacing, also to a certain degree desalinate growing area soil salt by appropriate moisturizing alleviation lack of water in seedling stage, promote that sainfoin founds seedling.The method of the invention avoids the way that real tillage, large hydraulic pressure salt etc. destroy fragile half-desert ecotope, has both ensured that sainfoin had suitable sprouting planting condition, and has increased again the biomass of original vegetation, forms the grazing pasture of bio-diversity.Supporting drip irrigation system, effectively can play water saving, drought resisting and press down the salt effect of keeping a full stand of seedings.Under water-saving drip irrigation measure, realize half-desert saline land plantation sainfoin, form the sustainable grazing pasture of bio-diversity.
The method of a kind of arid biogeographic zone of the present invention saline and alkaline waste hillside plantation sainfoin, follows these steps to carry out:
Location is selected:
A, selection physical features are open gently, and be applicable to the ground, half-desert saline and alkaline gentle slope of mechanical work, barren hill is domatic at 10-25%, the half-desert meadow of soil 0-30cm soil layer saliferous 0.5-1.0%;
Broadcast front preparation:
B, domatic natural contour along hillside fields, interval 1-1.2m opens 15-20cm depth groove, imbeds drip irrigation pipe;
Sowing:
C, sowing during April 25 to May 5, adopt bar broadcast mode sowing sainfoin, degree of depth 2-3cm, line-spacing 45-50cm in the shallow slot both sides burying drip irrigation pipe underground;
Irrigate:
D, after planting i.e. drip irrigation, drip irrigation degree covers sowing cave with Surface Humid peak, sowing division and is as the criterion, and after dripping, 3-5 days sainfoins emerge, soil overdrying between the seeding stage, mending drips once again, ensures that sowing division ground moistening does not lump, after sainfoin emerges 5-6 days, interval 5-8 days drips once, after sainfoin reaches 20cm plant height, according to the moisturizing of ground moistening degree, late September stopping is dripped, until mend winter irrigation water November, winter irrigation water rate control is at 90-120m 3/ hm 2.
The saline and alkaline barren hill of half-desert selected by step a, region annual precipitation is at 200mm-250mm.
In steps d, moisturizing judges with timely moisturizing during the minimum soil moisture content 12-15% of 0-30cm soil layer.
The method of a kind of arid biogeographic zone of the present invention saline and alkaline waste hillside plantation sainfoin, this method avoid real tillage, destroys fragile half-desert ecological.After sainfoin grows, while doing herbage, as perennial plant, can play for a long time and conserve water and soil, the effect of improvement ecotope.Sainfoin has nitrogen fixation, can play the effect supplying nitrogen growth-promoting to original botanical system.
The method of a kind of arid biogeographic zone of the present invention saline and alkaline waste hillside plantation sainfoin, the method can prevent overland flow and coombe from occurring, play the effect of conserving water and soil under drip irrigation pipe being pressed in sainfoin sowing row soil layer.Drip irrigation, while supplying water to sainfoin, can play desalination leaching to the soil salt of growing area local, promote sainfoin planting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is First Year of the present invention after planting sainfoin seeding stage figure;
Fig. 2 is that the sainfoin of Second Year of the present invention blooms later stage figure;
Fig. 3 be autumn of the present invention flock of sheep choosing food sainfoin, the weeds on remaining original half-desert saline land can be used as winter grassland figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2008, great You township, Jimusar County fresh green agricultural development Co., Ltd's half-desert saline land, application 2hm 2;
Location is selected:
A, selection physical features are open gently, region mean annual precipitation 200mm, are applicable to the ground, half-desert saline and alkaline gentle slope of mechanical work, have water source guarantee, the half-desert meadow of gradient 10-15%, 0-30cm soil layer saliferous 0.5-0.8%;
Broadcast front preparation:
B, domatic natural contour along hillside fields, interval 1m excavates the dark shallow slot of 15cm, imbeds drip irrigation pipe, is beneficial to water and infiltrates soil and prevent domatic sheugh from producing;
Sowing:
C, sowing on the 25th in 4 months, adopt bar broadcast mode sowing sainfoin, seed level 2cm, line-spacing 50cm in the shallow slot both sides burying drip irrigation pipe underground;
Irrigation method:
D, after planting i.e. drip irrigation, drip irrigation degree covers sowing cave with Surface Humid peak, sowing division and is as the criterion, latter 5 days sainfoins of dripping emerge, for antecedent soil moisture caking in anti-seedling stage, mend between the seeding stage and dripped a water, after sainfoin emerges 5 days, interval is dripped once in 5 days, sainfoin reaches with timely moisturizing during the minimum 12-15% of 0-30cm soil moisture in layer after 20cm plant height, and late September stopping is dripped, and November 17 pressed 90m 3/ hm 2the water yield fills with winter water, and table 1 is the grass yield monitoring result of plantation sainfoin 3 term:
Table 1 test block Forage Grass Biomass (dry weight) (kg/hm in 2010 2)
Sainfoin Original plant adds up to Total biomass
Sainfoin growing area 6240 2820 9060
Original half-desert saline land 0 1710 1710
As can be seen from Table 1, significantly increased by the domatic grass yield of the method for the invention.
Embodiment 2
2009, the half-desert saline land of fresh green agricultural development Co., Ltd of great You township, Jimusar County, application 5hm 2;
Location is selected:
A, selection physical features are open gently, region mean annual precipitation 230mm, and be applicable to the ground, half-desert saline and alkaline gentle slope of mechanical work, have water source guarantee, the gradient is on the half-desert meadow of 15-20%, 0-30cm soil layer saliferous 0.5-1.0%;
Broadcast front preparation
B, domatic natural contour along hillside fields, interval 1.2m excavates the dark shallow slot of 18cm, imbeds drip irrigation pipe, is beneficial to water and infiltrates soil and prevent domatic sheugh from producing;
Sowing
C, sowing on April 29, adopt bar broadcast mode sowing sainfoin, seed level 3cm, line-spacing 45cm in the shallow slot both sides burying drip irrigation pipe underground;
Irrigation method
D, after planting i.e. drip irrigation, drip irrigation degree covers sowing cave with Surface Humid peak, sowing division and is as the criterion, latter 4 days sainfoins of dripping emerge, after sainfoin emerges 5 days, within 7 days, drip by interval, sainfoin reaches with timely moisturizing during the minimum 12-15% of 0-30cm soil moisture in layer after 20cm plant height, and late September stopping is dripped, and November 10 pressed 100m 3/ hm 2the water yield fills with winter water, and table 2 is the grass yield monitoring result of plantation sainfoin 3 term.
Table 2 test block Forage Grass Biomass (dry weight) (kg/hm in 2011 2)
Sainfoin Original plant adds up to Total biomass
Sainfoin growing area 4270 1570 5840
Original half-desert saline land 0 1140 1140
As can be seen from Table 2, significantly increased by the domatic forage yield of the method for the invention.
Embodiment 3
2012, the half-desert saline land of fresh green agricultural development Co., Ltd of great You township, Jimusar County, application 20hm 2;
Location is selected:
A, select physical features open gently, region mean annual precipitation 250mm, is applicable to ground, the half-desert of mechanical work saline and alkaline gentle slope, has water source guarantee, the gradient at 20-25%, the half-desert meadow of soil 0-30cm soil layer saliferous 0.8-1.0%;
Broadcast front preparation:
B, domatic natural contour along hillside fields, interval 1.1m excavates the dark shallow slot of 20cm, imbeds drip irrigation pipe, is beneficial to water and infiltrates soil and prevent domatic sheugh from producing;
Sowing:
C, sowing on May 5, burying the shallow slot both sides drilling sainfoin of drip irrigation pipe, seed level 3cm, line-spacing 50cm underground;
Irrigation method:
D, after planting i.e. drip irrigation, drip irrigation degree covers sowing cave with Surface Humid peak, sowing division and is as the criterion, latter 3 days sainfoins of dripping emerge, after sainfoin emerges 6 days, within 8 days, drip by interval, sainfoin reaches with timely moisturizing during the minimum 12-15% of 0-30cm soil moisture in layer after 20cm plant height, and late September stopping is dripped, and November 15 pressed 120m 3/ hm 2the water yield fills with winter water, and table 3 is the grass yield monitoring result of plantation sainfoin 3 term;
Table 3 test block Forage Grass Biomass (dry weight) (kg/hm in 2014 2)
Sainfoin Original plant adds up to Total biomass
Sainfoin growing area 5730 1890 7620
Original half-desert saline land 0 1320 1320
As can be seen from Table 3, significantly increased by the method for the invention hillside fields forage yield.

Claims (3)

1. a method for arid biogeographic zone saline and alkaline waste hillside plantation sainfoin, is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:
Location is selected:
A, selection physical features are open gently, and be applicable to the ground, half-desert saline and alkaline gentle slope of mechanical work, barren hill is domatic at 10-25%, the half-desert meadow of soil 0-30cm soil layer saliferous 0.5-1.0%;
Broadcast front preparation:
B, domatic natural contour along hillside fields, interval 1-1.2m opens 15-20cm depth groove, imbeds drip irrigation pipe;
Sowing:
C, sowing during April 25 to May 5, adopt bar broadcast mode sowing sainfoin, degree of depth 2-3cm, line-spacing 45-50cm in the shallow slot both sides burying drip irrigation pipe underground;
Irrigate:
D, after planting i.e. drip irrigation, drip irrigation degree covers sowing cave with Surface Humid peak, sowing division and is as the criterion, and after dripping, 3-5 days sainfoins emerge, soil overdrying between the seeding stage, mending drips once again, ensures that sowing division ground moistening does not lump, after sainfoin emerges 5-6 days, interval 5-8 days drips once, after sainfoin reaches 20cm plant height, according to the moisturizing of ground moistening degree, late September stopping is dripped, until mend winter irrigation water November, winter irrigation water rate control is at 90-120m 3/ hm 2.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the saline and alkaline barren hill of half-desert selected by step a, region annual precipitation is at 200mm-250mm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in steps d, moisturizing is with timely moisturizing during the minimum soil moisture content 12-15% of 0-30cm soil layer.
CN201510289027.1A 2015-05-29 2015-05-29 Method for planting sainfoin at saline-alkali slope wasteland of arid region Expired - Fee Related CN104938173B (en)

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CN105993262A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-10-12 谢庭生 Purple soil hilly area gentle slope honeycomb surface forest and grass composite planting high-efficiency utilization method
CN108391563A (en) * 2018-01-17 2018-08-14 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 A kind of arid biogeographic zone strongly salined soil barren hill greening method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105993262A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-10-12 谢庭生 Purple soil hilly area gentle slope honeycomb surface forest and grass composite planting high-efficiency utilization method
CN108391563A (en) * 2018-01-17 2018-08-14 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 A kind of arid biogeographic zone strongly salined soil barren hill greening method
CN108391563B (en) * 2018-01-17 2019-10-15 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 A kind of arid biogeographic zone strongly salined soil barren hill greening method

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