CN105027937A - Method for improving closed irrigation area saline-alkali land through combination of trees, shrubs and grass - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the closed irrigation area saline-alkali land through combination of trees, bushes and grasses. The method is salty soil biological improvement design conducted in a closed irrigation area. According to the method, seeds of trees and shrubs resistant to salt and high in water consumption are screened to construct a protection forest net, and the protection benefits are reflected while rising of underground water is inhibited and reversed; reverse cropping crop rotation of halophyte highly rich in salt is conducted at intervals to remove excessive salt in soil in a farmland plough layer. The method is easy and convenient to conduct and low in cost, and organism improvement of the saline-alkali land in the closed irrigation area is achieved through biological drainage and biological salt removal of plants. A use mode of the organism improvement of the saline-alkali land in the closed irrigation area is established, and the problem that it is difficult to maintain conventional water conservancy improvement in the saline-alkali land is solved. A technical support is provided for improvement of the saline-alkali land in the closed irrigation area and salt balance control of the irrigation area, and remarkable biological and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

A kind of Qiao fills with the method in grass saline land, combined improved closed irrigated area

Technical field

The invention discloses a kind of saline and alkali land improvement method, Qiao that specifically a kind of arid biogeographic zone closes irrigated area fills with the method in grass saline land, combined improved closed irrigated area.

Background technology

Saline and alkaline soil extensively distributes in Xinjiang, and by the impact of arid climate and closed interior basin, saline and alkaline soil, region has the features such as area is large, type is many, salification is heavy, formation is complicated, has 31% by perniciousness harm in existing arable land.Form saline land and mainly contain two factors, one is that drought and subterranean water level are high, the general saliferous of underground water, leaves salinity, so constantly assemble and form saline land after rising to the water evaporation on earth's surface under capillary action; Two is hypsography low-lyings, does not have discharge outlet, only filling with under the irrigation farming pattern of not arranging, causing groundwater table rise, progressively causing the soil salinization, forms saline land.

Newly-ploughed agricultural region, Kelamayi is positioned at basin district, Manasi river lower reaches dry lake, hypsography low-lying, and the general salinity of soil is heavier, and most soil exists salination problem in various degree.Because of without salt discharge outlet, irrigated area is since the reclamation of wasteland, while irrigation water is constantly introduced, create the lasting accumulation problem of region salinity, especially only filling with under the Irrigation do not arranged, underground water lifting is obvious, within rising to current 2m by average below the 13m at the beginning of exploitation, subregion is even shallow to 0.5m, and the shelter forest primarily of willow, willow composition seriously decays, and arable land secondary salinization problem also highlights day by day.High at water resource cost, without large hydraulic pressure salt condition, without in salt discharge outlet situation, how solving Water-salt Balance of Irrigation District problem, has been the matter of utmost importance that Sustainable Development of Irrigation Area faces.

Since two thousand nine, we start the Upgrading paying close attention to agricultural development area in Kelamayi saline land, through production practices for many years, propose tall method of filling with the closed saline land, irrigated area of careless optimum organization improvement, this new technology purport is suppressed by salt tolerant height water consumption shrub forest network and reverse underground water lifting, and removes topsoil salinity by the halophytes crop rotation at certain time limit interval.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is, a kind of Qiao is provided to fill with the method in grass saline land, combined improved closed irrigated area, the method consumes large quantity of moisture by the construction of shrub forest network, suppress and reverse the lifting of underground water, remove the too much salinity of farming operation layer soil by the height of certain intervals phase rich salt halophytes rotation of crops crop rotation.The method is easy and simple to handle, cost is low, utilizes plant " biological drainage " and " biology moves salt " to realize closing the saline and alkaline soil biological modification in irrigated area.Construct saline land, closed irrigated area biological modification Land use models, alleviate the conventional water conservancy improvement in saline land and be difficult to tie up the difficult problem continued.For closed irrigated area alkaline land improving and irrigated area salt balance regulation provide technical support, achieve significant ecological benefits and economic benefit.

A kind of Qiao of the present invention fills with the method in grass saline land, combined improved closed irrigated area, follows these steps to carry out:

A, shelter belt select the arbor species of Salt And Alkali Tolerance to be diversiform-leaved poplar, and shrub is Chinese tamarisk;

B, shelter forest bandwidth 10-12m, arrange 3 row, middle behavior arbor diversiform-leaved poplar, both sides behavior shrub Chinese tamarisk, arbor diversiform-leaved poplar and shrub Chinese tamarisk spacing 3-4m, arbor diversiform-leaved poplar distance between rows and hills 3m, shrub Chinese tamarisk distance between rows and hills 1-1.5m, interval, forest belt 200m, the long 500m in forest belt;

C, to plant 1 batch of economical height rich salt halophytes at Wang Nei interval, forest belt 3-4 be Suaeda salsa and salicornia europaeal or Suaeda salsa and wild mountain spinach.

A kind of Qiao of the present invention fills with the method in grass saline land, combined improved closed irrigated area, and the feature of the method is:

According to the restraining factors of closed irrigated area agricultural development, because evil is set up defences, shrub forest network structure is built with high water consumption salt-tolerant plant diversiform-leaved poplar and Chinese tamarisk, solve irrigated area by " biological drainage " to have to fill with and continue rising problem without arranging the underground water that causes, with halophytes plantation and cradle take farmland out of " biological salt discharge " mode to realize irrigated area salt balance regulation.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

2009-2010 years, the present invention carried out the test of saline land, Qiao Guancao combined improved closed irrigated area in big agriculture development zone, Kelamayi;

A, shelter belt select the arbor diversiform-leaved poplar of salt tolerant and shrub Chinese tamarisk combination configuration to set up shelter forest;

B, shelter forest bandwidth 10m, arrange 3 row, middle behavior arbor diversiform-leaved poplar, both sides behavior shrub Chinese tamarisk, arbor diversiform-leaved poplar and shrub Chinese tamarisk spacing 3m, arbor diversiform-leaved poplar distance between rows and hills 3m, shrub Chinese tamarisk distance between rows and hills 1m, interval, forest belt 200m, the long 500m in forest belt;

C, to plant 1 batch of economical height rich salt halophytes at Wang Nei interval, shelter belt 3-4 be Suaeda salsa and wild mountain spinach, and between implementation period, the total salt of plow layer 0-30cm soil layer soil decrease beyond 30%.

Embodiment 2

2013-2014 years, the present invention reduced discharging base Kelamayi afforestation and carries out the test of saline land, Qiao Guancao combined improved closed irrigated area;

The arbor species of a, shelter belt selection Salt And Alkali Tolerance are diversiform-leaved poplar and shrub is that shelter forest is set up in Chinese tamarisk combination configuration;

B, shelter forest bandwidth 12m, arrange 3 row, middle behavior arbor diversiform-leaved poplar, both sides behavior shrub Chinese tamarisk, arbor diversiform-leaved poplar and shrub Chinese tamarisk spacing 4m, arbor diversiform-leaved poplar distance between rows and hills 3m, shrub Chinese tamarisk distance between rows and hills 1.5m, interval, forest belt 200m, the long 500m in forest belt;

It is Suaeda salsa and salicornia europaeal that c, Wang Nei interval, forest belt 3-4 plant 1 batch of rich salt halophytes of economical height, and between implementation period, the total salt of plow layer 0-30cm soil layer soil decrease beyond 32%.

The present invention has 270,000 mu, arable land at agricultural development area in Kelamayi, and in recent years because underground water continues to rise, salination problem appears in the arable land of existing nearly 50%, causes large-area crop failure, and some plantation families are haveed no alternative but to dig evaporation tank and risen to control underground water.By the method for the invention be extended to irrigated area alkaline land improving and agricultural is sustainable provides technical support, achieve significant ecological benefits and economic benefit.

Claims (1)

1. a tall method of filling with grass saline land, combined improved closed irrigated area, is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:

A, shelter belt select the arbor species of Salt And Alkali Tolerance to be diversiform-leaved poplar, and shrub is Chinese tamarisk;

B, shelter forest bandwidth 10-12m, arrange 3 row, middle behavior arbor diversiform-leaved poplar, both sides behavior shrub Chinese tamarisk, arbor diversiform-leaved poplar and shrub Chinese tamarisk spacing 3-4m, arbor diversiform-leaved poplar distance between rows and hills 3m, shrub Chinese tamarisk distance between rows and hills 1-1.5m, interval, forest belt 200m, the long 500m in forest belt;

C, to plant 1 batch of economical height rich salt halophytes at Wang Nei interval, forest belt 3-4 be Suaeda salsa and salicornia europaeal or Suaeda salsa and wild mountain spinach.