CN103378361A - Composite-electrode fuel cell - Google Patents
Composite-electrode fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN103378361A CN103378361A CN2012101169747A CN201210116974A CN103378361A CN 103378361 A CN103378361 A CN 103378361A CN 2012101169747 A CN2012101169747 A CN 2012101169747A CN 201210116974 A CN201210116974 A CN 201210116974A CN 103378361 A CN103378361 A CN 103378361A
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- fuel cell
- anode
- electrolyte
- negative electrode
- described fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel fuel cell combining characteristics of an AFC (alkaline fuel cell) and a MSFC (metal semi-fuel cell). The novel fuel cell is mainly and structurally similar to the AFC, an electrode is composed of an anode and a cathode, a plurality of auxiliary anodic electrodes are mounted on the surface of the anode, a plurality of auxiliary cathodic electrodes are mounted on the surface of the cathode, and accordingly a composite electrode is formed. The anode and the cathode are mounted on an insulation frame, and then the insulation frame is integrally placed into an electrolyte tank. An electrolyte inlet and an electrolyte outlet are formed in two sides of the tank respectively and are both connected with a circulating pipe, and the circulating pipe, a circulating pump and an electrolyte storage tank form a circulating system. When the fuel cell works, H2 (hydrogen) is fed into the anode while O2 (oxygen) is fed into the cathode, corresponding electrochemical reaction is produced, and voltage is generated between the anode and the cathode. Hydrogen is produced by hydrogen evolution secondary reaction of the auxiliary anodic electrodes to serve as raw materials of the anode, and accordingly catalysts are protected. Electrolyte is circulated in a pipeline continuously by the aid of the circulating pump, so that harmful substances in solution are removed, OH- is supplemented continuously, and the defect that cell performance is affected by poor electrolyte is overcome. The novel fuel cell reserves the advantages of the AFC and the MSFC and overcomes the defects of the same, so that overall cost of the fuel cell is reduced greatly, and further popularization of the fuel cell is promoted greatly.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention is a kind of new fuel cell that combines alkaline fuel cell (AFC) and Metal semi-fuel cells (MSFC) characteristics, belongs to the clean energy resource field.Alkaline fuel cell (AFC) is the fuel cell of developing the earliest and using, and Metal semi-fuel cells (MSFC) is the energy conversion device that has fuel cell and battery characteristics concurrently, and the two all is considered to the clean efficiently generation technology of new century first-selection.
(2) background technology
The fuel cell of reference of the present invention has following two kinds:
1, alkaline fuel cell is dielectric substrate between its anode and negative electrode, and anode passes into hydrogen (H
2), negative electrode passes into oxygen (O
2), it is 1/2O that overall reaction occurs under certain condition
2+ H
2→ H
2O, and between anode and negative electrode, produce voltage.The advantage of alkaline fuel cell is favorable working performance, and especially the low-temperature working performance is good, starts easily, and the battery system cost is not high; Shortcoming is that the catalyst of electrode use is more expensive, the most handy pure hydrogen and pure oxygen.
2, Metal semi-fuel cells, its anode places in the battery case, negative electrode can be used as battery case, between inject electrolyte solution, it is X+O that overall reaction occurs under certain condition
2+ H
2O → X (OH)+OH
-, and between anode and negative electrode, produce voltage.The advantage of its battery is that energy density is high, and cell voltage is high, and discharging voltage balance does not need catalyst, and technology requires lower, safe and reliable to operation; Shortcoming is that metal anode will constantly be consumed, and the side reaction of anode generation liberation of hydrogen is had a greatly reduced quality above-mentioned advantage.
In sum, fuel cell is actual to be an energy conversion device, is counted as the 4th kind of generation mode after thermal power generation, hydroelectric power generation, nuclear power.It directly is converted into electric energy with the chemical energy of fuel by electrochemical reaction, conversion efficiency high (75%～100%), and capacity is large, specific energy high (3600wn/k8), power bracket wide (from 1 watt to MW class) need not be charged, and is easy to use, simple in structure, pollution-free, noiseless.
Fuel cell is widely used in power station, communications and transportation (such as automobile, ships, aircraft, train), mancarried electronic aid, space flight, robot etc. and locates, it also is specially adapted to build minute power station, save the required long-distance transmission equipment (such as transformer, power transmission line etc.) of centralized electrical network, save the resources such as a large amount of copper materials, solution is broken down because of grid power transmission or is suffered to destroy and cause the large-area power-cuts paralysis, and about 20% energy loss in the transmission of electricity process.Because China needs a large amount of import energy such as oil etc., the Development of Novel fuel cell is very important for national energy security.
(3) summary of the invention
Metal semi-fuel cells anode when work produces liberation of hydrogen (H) side reaction, the advantage of battery is had a greatly reduced quality, and the anode of alkaline fuel cell needs hydrogen to come work as raw material.Take the metal anode aluminium bar as example, its liberation of hydrogen side reaction is Al+H2O+OH
-→ Al (OH) x+H, this accessory substance just in time are the raw material of alkaline fuel cell.
In order to overcome the shortcoming of alkaline fuel cell and Metal semi-fuel cells; the present invention proposes a kind of brand new technical scheme of comprehensive both advantages; use combination electrode; at first take full advantage of the liberation of hydrogen side reaction of Metal semi-fuel cells; hydrogen becomes the raw material of alkaline fuel cell anode; catalyst is protected, prolongs its working life.Secondly, two kinds of fuel cells all use alkaline aqueous solution to make electrolyte, and the present invention makes electrolyte constantly circulation in pipeline, removes the harmful substance in the solution, and constantly replenishes OH
-, overcome the defective of bad Influence of Electrolyte battery performance, both improved battery efficiency, need not add cooling system again, prolong the working life of battery.
Description of drawings, Fig. 1 is battery structure figure of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the profile of electrode of the present invention (anode and negative electrode), and Fig. 3 is the axonometric drawing of anode auxiliary electrode, Fig. 4 is the axonometric drawing of negative electrode auxiliary electrode, and Fig. 5 is the principle schematic of one embodiment of the present of invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the similar alkaline fuel cell of agent structure of the present invention, electrode is comprised of anode 1 and negative electrode 2, and anode 1 and negative electrode 2 are installed on the Insulating frame, Insulating frame integral body are positioned in the electrolyte cell body again.On anode 1 surface a plurality of anode auxiliary electrodes 8 are installed, on negative electrode 1 surface a plurality of negative electrode auxiliary electrodes 9 are installed, form combination electrode.Electrolyte 3 in the middle of anode 1 and the negative electrode 2.Anode 1 one sides are H
2Turnover air drain hole, negative electrode 2 one sides are O
2Turnover air drain hole, the cell body both sides should seal so that hydrogen can not directly contact with oxygen.There are respectively electrolytical import and export the cell body both sides, all connect circulation pipe 4, and electrolysis matter 3 flow circuit are used.
As shown in Figure 2, anode 1 usefulness iron (Fe) is made substrate 7, and uses the photograph lithography corrosion process to make perforation 10, the gross porosity footpath of perforation 10＜=30 microns, fine pore＜=15 micron, gross porosity directly is 2～3 times of fine pore, gross porosity length is 2～3 times of pore length.The gross porosity of substrate 7 is directly in the face of air inlet face, and fine pore is faced electrolyte, and with vacuum splatter technique coated a layer thickness is 1 micron～10 microns nickel dam 11 on its surface.On anode 1 surface a plurality of anode auxiliary electrodes 8 are installed, are the metal bar of the aluminium/magnesium of tooth cylindricality, it is that equipotential is connected that substrate 7 electrically contacts with anode auxiliary electrode 8.The structure of negative electrode 2 is the same with anode 1, make substrate 7 and make double-pore structure with iron (Fe) equally, can not nickel plating, on negative electrode 2 surfaces a plurality of negative electrode auxiliary electrodes 9 are installed, be the carbon fiber rod of bottle brush shape, it is that equipotential is connected that substrate 7 electrically contacts with negative electrode auxiliary electrode 9.
As shown in Figure 3, the anode auxiliary electrode is the metal bar of tooth cylindricality, aluminium/magnesium material.As shown in Figure 4, the negative electrode auxiliary electrode is the carbon fiber rod of bottle brush shape.Auxiliary electrode and substrate form combination electrode, and such structure has the large surface area of trying one's best, and is critical component of the present invention.
(4) specific embodiments
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, anode auxiliary electrode 8 is settled with negative electrode auxiliary electrode 9 transpostion interval on substrate, and spacing is as far as possible little but can not contact, and forms respectively anode 1 and negative electrode 2.Anode 1 and negative electrode 2 are installed on the Insulating frame, Insulating frame integral body are positioned in the electrolyte cell body again.There are respectively electrolytical import and export the cell body both sides, all connect circulation pipe 4.Circulation pipe 4 consists of the circulatory system with circulating pump 5 and electrolyte storage tank 6, and electrolyte is 30～85% the KOH aqueous solution or KOH and hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) mixed solution, electrolyte is realized circulation by circulating pump 5 and holding vessel 6, has so just formed a monocell, can become integral battery door with a plurality of such monocell parallel connection or tandem compounds according to purposes.In the present embodiment, three monocell parallel connections are combined into integral battery door.The work area of electrode has determined the operating current of battery output in the battery, and the number of electrode series connection has determined the output voltage of battery.
When battery operated, anode passes into hydrogen (H
2), negative electrode passes into oxygen (O
2), produce the respective electrical chemical reaction, and between anode and negative electrode, produce voltage.The liberation of hydrogen side reaction of anode auxiliary electrode produces hydrogen, becomes the raw material of anode, and catalyst is protected, and prolongs its working life.Circulating pump is removed the harmful substance in the solution, and is constantly replenished OH so that electrolyte constantly circulates in pipeline
-, overcome the defective of bad Influence of Electrolyte battery performance.
(5) beneficial effect
The present invention has kept the advantage of alkaline fuel cell and Metal semi-fuel cells, has overcome their shortcomings separately.The frame structure of being convenient to install and remove makes battery when working life is final, can quick-replaceable anode and negative electrode, greatly increase the actual life of battery, and be convenient to the operation and maintenance of battery.Material price used in the present invention is all more cheap, greatly reduces the total cost of fuel cell, and is easy to utilize, thereby greatly promotes the universalness of fuel cell, for the energy problem that solves China provides technical foundation.
Claims (11)
1. new fuel cell that combines alkaline fuel cell (AFC) and Metal semi-fuel cells (MSFC) characteristics, it is characterized in that the similar alkaline fuel cell of agent structure, electrode is comprised of anode (1) and negative electrode (2), anode (1) and negative electrode (2) are installed on the Insulating frame, Insulating frame integral body are positioned in the electrolyte cell body again.
2. described fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that anode (1) and negative electrode (2) make substrate (7) with iron (Fe), and use the photograph lithography corrosion process to make perforation (10), the gross porosity footpath of perforation (10)＜=30 microns, fine pore＜=15 micron, gross porosity directly is 2～3 times of fine pore, and gross porosity length is 2～3 times of pore length.
3. described fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that the gross porosity of substrate (7) directly in the face of air inlet face, and fine pore is in the face of electrolyte.
4. described fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that anode (1) surface is 1 micron～10 microns nickel dam (11) with vacuum splatter technique coated a layer thickness, and negative electrode (2) surface can not nickel plating.
5. according to the described fuel cell of claim 1, it is characterized in that on anode (1) surface a plurality of anode auxiliary electrodes (8) being installed, it is that equipotential is connected that substrate (7) electrically contacts with anode auxiliary electrode (8).
6. described fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that anode auxiliary electrode (8) is the metal bar of tooth cylindricality, aluminium/magnesium material.
7. described fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that on negative electrode (2) surface a plurality of negative electrode auxiliary electrodes (9) being installed, and it is that equipotential is connected that substrate (7) electrically contacts with negative electrode auxiliary electrode (9).
8. described fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that negative electrode auxiliary electrode (9) is the carbon fiber rod of bottle brush shape.
9. according to the described fuel cell of claim 1, it is characterized in that anode auxiliary electrode (8) and negative electrode auxiliary electrode (9) settle at the upper transpostion interval of substrate (7), spacing is as far as possible little but can not contact.
10. according to the described fuel cell of claim 1, it is characterized in that there are respectively electrolytical import and export electrolyte cell body both sides, all connect circulation pipe 4.
11. according to the described fuel cell of claim 1, it is characterized in that circulation pipe (4) and circulating pump (5) and electrolyte storage tank (6) consist of the circulatory system, electrolyte is realized circulation by circulating pump (5) and holding vessel (6).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101169747A CN103378361A (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | Composite-electrode fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101169747A CN103378361A (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | Composite-electrode fuel cell |
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| CN103378361A true CN103378361A (en) | 2013-10-30 |
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| CN2012101169747A Pending CN103378361A (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | Composite-electrode fuel cell |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104787860A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for treating hexavalent chromium in waste water by utilizing metal semi-fuel cell |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1398435A (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2003-02-19 | 索尼公司 | Fuel battery |
| CN1734816A (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-15 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Plane fuel cell pack, fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101218701A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2008-07-09 | 阿斯特里斯能源公司 | Alkaline fuel cell system |
| JP2009080952A (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-16 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Fuel cell separator, its manufacturing method, and fuel cell equipped with it |
| CN101728598A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Integrated combined power supply of metal oxygen cell/hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell |
-
2012
- 2012-04-20 CN CN2012101169747A patent/CN103378361A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1398435A (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2003-02-19 | 索尼公司 | Fuel battery |
| CN1734816A (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-15 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Plane fuel cell pack, fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101218701A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2008-07-09 | 阿斯特里斯能源公司 | Alkaline fuel cell system |
| JP2009080952A (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-16 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Fuel cell separator, its manufacturing method, and fuel cell equipped with it |
| CN101728598A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Integrated combined power supply of metal oxygen cell/hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104787860A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for treating hexavalent chromium in waste water by utilizing metal semi-fuel cell |
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| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice |
Addressee: Yin Huawen Document name: Notification of Passing Preliminary Examination of the Application for Invention |
|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20131030 |