CN108448140A - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108448140A CN108448140A CN201810491400.5A CN201810491400A CN108448140A CN 108448140 A CN108448140 A CN 108448140A CN 201810491400 A CN201810491400 A CN 201810491400A CN 108448140 A CN108448140 A CN 108448140A
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- Prior art keywords
- exchange membrane
- cathode
- anode
- fuel cell
- reaction area
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical group C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous quinoline Natural products N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
This disclosure relates to a kind of fuel cell, the fuel cell includes anode, cathode, proton exchange membrane, anion-exchange membrane and ionic reaction area, the ionic reaction area is set between the anode and cathode, it is separated by proton exchange membrane between the anode and the ionic reaction area so that the cation that anode generates enters in ionic reaction area is reacted, it is separated by anion-exchange membrane between the cathode and the ionic reaction area so that the anion that cathode generates enters in ionic reaction area is reacted, the anode is provided with fueling ports, fuel delivery outlet and electronic output, cathode setting oxidizing gases input port, oxidizing gas delivery outlet and Electrical inputs, the ionic reaction area is provided with water outlet.The fuel cell calorific value that the disclosure provides is low, and the overall efficiency of fuel cell is high.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to battery technology field, and in particular to a kind of fuel cell.
Background technology
Fuel cell car pile principle framework currently on the market is as shown in Figure 1, hydrogen atom is by 101 He of electronics in hydrogen
Hydrogen nuclei 102 forms, and oxygen atom is made of oxygen atom core 111 and electronics 101 in oxygen.In 103 researches on anode catalysts of anode
Under the action of 104, the constraint of electron detachment hydrogen nuclei orderly reaches cathode through conducting wire 105, electronic load 107, conducting wire 108
110；Meanwhile hydrogen nuclei (proton) enter proton exchange membrane 106, proton exchange membrane 106 be hydride, hydrogen atoms core, and
Hydrogen nuclei quantity is certain, is determined by other atomic nucleus quantity in hydride, therefore hydrogen nuclei enters proton exchange membrane 106,
It is inevitable that hydrogen original is orderly precipitated from the another side of proton exchange membrane 106 for the balance of each atomic nucleus quantity in proton exchange membrane 106
Daughter nucleus, as shown in Figure 1,106 left side of proton exchange membrane enters how many hydrogen nuclei, how many hydrogen nuclei are then precipitated in the right.Orderly
The electronics of cathode 110 is reached under the action of cathod catalyst 109, the hydrogen atom being precipitated with oxygen atom, from proton exchange membrane
Nuclear reaction generates water (H2O), this reaction is unordered, that is, electronics is in different-energy layer (electron orbit) in chemically reacting
Transition is unordered, and the unordered energy for leading to electron transition release in chemical reaction is showed with form of thermal energy.Therefore, existing market
On the cathode of fuel cell car pile will produce amount of heat, these heats even influence, restrict the layout of vehicle.
Invention content
Purpose of this disclosure is to provide a kind of fuel cell, the fuel cell calorific value that the disclosure provides is low, fuel cell
Overall efficiency it is high.
To achieve the goals above, the disclosure provides a kind of fuel cell, and the fuel cell includes anode, cathode, matter
Proton exchange, anion-exchange membrane and ionic reaction area, the ionic reaction area is set between the anode and cathode, described
It is separated by the proton exchange membrane between anode and the ionic reaction area so that the proton that anode generates passes through proton exchange
Film enters in ionic reaction area, is separated by anion-exchange membrane between the cathode and the ionic reaction area so that cathode produces
Raw anion enters ionic reaction area by anion-exchange membrane and is reacted with the proton in ionic reaction area, the sun
Pole is provided with fueling ports, fuel delivery outlet and electronic output, cathode setting oxidizing gases input port, oxidation
Property gas delivery port and Electrical inputs, the ionic reaction area are provided with water outlet.
Optionally, the proton exchange membrane is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exchange membrane, perfluor polyvinyl sulfonic acid exchange membrane, sulfonated polyphenyl
Base quinoline exchange membrane, sulfonation fluorinated styrenes copolymer exchange membrane, polybenzimidazoles exchange membrane, polyether-ether-ketone exchange membrane, polyethers
Sulfone exchange membrane, polysulfones exchange membrane or polyimides exchange membrane.
Optionally, the anion-exchange membrane is fluorination polystyrene exchange membrane, polyimides exchange membrane, polyether sulfone exchange
Film, polyether-ketone exchange membrane, polyvinyl alcohol exchange membrane, Hydrin exchange membrane, Chitosan exchange membrane or polyvinyl imidazol
Exchange membrane.
Optionally, the anode is provided with anode catalyst layer and the fuel diffusion region of fluid communication, the fuel input
Mouth and fuel delivery outlet are set in the fuel diffusion region, and the electronic output is set in the anode catalyst layer,
The anode catalyst layer is set between the fuel diffusion region and the proton exchange membrane.
Optionally, the anode catalyst in the anode catalyst layer includes anode carrier and is supported on anode carrier
Anode active metals particle, the anode carrier are carbon particle or silicon carbide/polypropylene nitrile, and the anode active metals particle is choosing
From at least one of platinum grain, ruthenium particle and palladium particle.
Optionally, the cathode is provided with cathode catalyst layer and the oxidizing gas diffusion region of fluid communication, the oxygen
The property changed gas input port and oxidizing gas delivery outlet are set in the oxidizing gas diffusion region, and the Electrical inputs are set
It is placed in the cathode catalyst layer, the cathode catalyst layer is set to the oxidizing gas diffusion region and the anion
Between exchange membrane.
Optionally, the cathod catalyst in the cathode catalyst layer includes cathode carrier and is supported on cathode carrier
Cathode activity metallic particles, the cathode carrier are carbon particle or silicon carbide/polypropylene nitrile, and the cathode activity metallic particles is choosing
From at least one of platinum grain, Argent grain, palladium particle and nickel particle.
Optionally, conducting liquid floor is filled in the ionic reaction area.
Optionally, the liquid in the conducting liquid layer is water, contains or not contain electrolyte, and the electrolyte includes choosing
From at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and sodium sulphate.
Optionally, the fuel cell further includes fuel reserve container and oxidizing gas storage container, the fuel storing
It deposits container with fueling ports to be in fluid communication, the oxidizing gas storage container connects with oxidizing gas input port fluid
It is logical.
Anion-exchange membrane and ionic reaction is arranged in the fuel cell that the disclosure provides between proton exchange membrane and cathode
Area can make proton and anion (such as superoxide ion or hydroxide ion) be each passed through proton exchange membrane and anion exchange
Film enters in ionic reaction area in an orderly manner carries out reaction generation water, and heat caused by unordered reaction in existing fuel cell is made to turn
Turn to electric energy, improve the overall efficiency of fuel cell, reduce fuel cell fever, to reduce fuel cell heat dissipation equipment and
The requirement of heat management so that the use equipment (such as automobile, especially car) of fuel cell can adapt to more harsh climate
Environmental working condition.
Other feature and advantage of the disclosure will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing is for providing further understanding of the disclosure, and a part for constitution instruction, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the disclosure together, but does not constitute the limitation to the disclosure.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of specific implementation mode of existing fuel cell.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of specific implementation mode of disclosure fuel cell.
Reference sign
101 electronics, 102 hydrogen nuclei, 103 anode
104 anode catalyst, 105 conducting wire, 106 proton exchange membrane
107 electronic load, 108 conducting wire, 109 cathod catalyst
110 cathode, 111 oxygen atom core
1 anode, 11 anode catalyst layer, 12 fuel diffusion region
2 cathode, 21 cathode catalyst layer, 22 oxidizing gas diffusion region
3 proton exchange membrane, 4 anion-exchange membrane
5 ionic reaction area, 51 water outlet
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.It should be understood that this place is retouched
The specific implementation mode stated is only used for describing and explaining the disclosure, is not limited to the disclosure.
As shown in Fig. 2, the disclosure provides a kind of fuel cell, the fuel cell includes anode 1, cathode 2, proton exchange
Film 3, anion-exchange membrane 4 and ionic reaction area 5, the ionic reaction area 5 is set between the anode 1 and cathode 2, described
It is separated by the proton exchange membrane 3 between anode 1 and the ionic reaction area 5 so that the proton that anode 1 generates passes through proton
Exchange membrane 3 enters in ionic reaction area 5, is separated by anion-exchange membrane 4 between the cathode 2 and the ionic reaction area 5
So that the anion that generates of cathode 2 by anion-exchange membrane 4 enter ionic reaction area 5 and with the proton in ionic reaction area 5
It is reacted, the anode 1 is provided with fueling ports, fuel delivery outlet and electronic output, and the cathode 2 is provided with oxidation
Property gas input port, oxidizing gas delivery outlet and Electrical inputs, the ionic reaction area 5 is provided with water outlet 51.
The process reacted in the ionic reaction area of disclosure fuel cell is：It is hydrogeneous since proton exchange membrane 3 is hydride
Atomic nucleus, and hydrogen nuclei quantity is certain, is determined by other atomic nucleus quantity in hydride, therefore hydrogen nuclei enters proton friendship
Film 3 is changed, it is inevitable that hydrogen is orderly precipitated from the another side of proton exchange membrane 3 for the balance of each atomic nucleus quantity in proton exchange membrane 3
Atomic nucleus, as shown in Fig. 2, 3 left side of proton exchange membrane enters how many hydrogen nuclei, how many hydrogen nuclei are then precipitated in the right.The moon from
Proton exchange 4 is oxide, contains anion (such as superoxide ion O2 -Or hydroxide ion OH-), and the quantity one of anion
It is fixed, it is determined by other amount of ions in oxide, therefore anion enters anion-exchange membrane 4, in order in anion-exchange membrane 4
The balance of each atomic nucleus quantity, it is inevitable that anion is orderly precipitated from the another side of anion-exchange membrane 4, as shown in Fig. 2, anion
4 the right of exchange membrane enters how many anion, and how many anion are then precipitated in the left side.The proton exchange membrane and anion of above-mentioned setting are handed over
Changing film makes proton and anion react in an orderly manner.
For the fuel cell of automobile, if existing fuel cell is carbon pile fuel cell, generated output 36kW,
Net electromotive power output is 30kW, and the heat dissipation capacity of fuel cell is 47.2kW, and generating efficiency is 36/ (36+47.2) ≈ 43.4%, only
Delivery efficiency is 30/36 ≈ 83.3%, and power consumption is mainly battery heat dissipation device, AC DC converting apparatus and air compressor machine etc.
Battery package consumes；Fuel cell overall efficiency is 30/ (36+47.2) ≈ 36%.The fuel cell of the disclosure is due to being provided with
Anion-exchange membrane and ionic reaction area, the heat dissipation capacity in existing fuel cell are also converted to electric energy, generated output 36+47.2
=83.2kW, while eliminating battery heat dissipation device, if by the heat dissipation capacity of AC DC converting apparatus for 2kW in terms of, air compressor machine (contains
Air compressor controller) heat dissipation capacity be 1.6kW, fuel cell overall efficiency be (83.2-2-1.6)/83.2 ≈ 95.7%, even if base
It is far above the 36% of existing fuel cell 90% or more in the overall efficiency of conservative estimation, disclosure fuel cell.Therefore,
The fuel cell calorific value that the disclosure provides is low, and overall efficiency is high.
According to the disclosure, proton exchange membrane (full name in English：Proton Exchange Membrane, English abbreviation：PEM)
The proton from anode can be conducted while separating ionic reaction area and anode, be only capable of through proton, and it cannot be passed through
Its ion, liquid, gas and electronics.Proton exchange membrane used in the disclosure can be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exchange membrane, perfluor polyethylene
Sulfonic acid exchange membrane, sulfonated polyphenyl base quinoline exchange membrane, sulfonation fluorinated styrenes copolymer exchange membrane, polybenzimidazoles exchange membrane,
Polyether-ether-ketone exchange membrane, polyether sulfone exchange membrane, polysulfones exchange membrane or polyimides exchange membrane, existing commercialized proton exchange membrane
It can be tens to hundreds of microns that model, which has Naflon, Dow, Flenion and Aciplex etc., thickness, and those skilled in the art can
With commercially available, can also voluntarily prepare.
According to the disclosure, the material used in anion-exchange membrane can select the material of fluorine-containing or full aromatic hydrocarbons structure, such as
Can be that hybrid inorganic-organic alkaline anion-exchange membrane, doping type alkaline anion-exchange membrane and homogeneous alkali anion are handed over
Change film layer, be specifically as follows fluorination polystyrene exchange membrane, polyimides exchange membrane, polyether sulfone exchange membrane, polyether-ketone exchange membrane,
Polyvinyl alcohol exchange membrane, Hydrin exchange membrane, Chitosan exchange membrane or polyvinyl imidazol exchange membrane, art technology
Personnel can be commercially available, can also voluntarily prepare.
According to the disclosure, for inputting fuel (such as hydrogen) and being translated into proton and electronics, proton passes through anode
Proton exchange membrane enters ionic reaction area and is reacted, and electronics is exported by electronic output, as shown in Fig. 2, in general,
The anode 1 can be provided with anode catalyst layer 11 and the fuel diffusion region 12 of fluid communication, the fueling ports and combustion
Material delivery outlet can be set in the fuel diffusion region 12, and the electronic output can be set to the anode catalyst layer
In 11, the anode catalyst layer 11 can be set between the fuel diffusion region 12 and the proton exchange membrane 3.The combustion
Material diffusion region by fuel for outputting and inputting and making at least partly fuel to enter anode catalyst layer generation proton and electronics.Sun
Catalyst in electrode catalyst layer can be accelerated to generate the rate of proton and electronics, improve battery efficiency, catalyst preferably has
Activity it is high, selectivity good, corrosion-resistant, long lifespan and it is at low cost the advantages that, for example, the anode in the anode catalyst layer 11 is urged
Agent may include anode carrier and the anode active metals particle that is supported on anode carrier, and the anode carrier can be carbon
Particle or silicon carbide/polypropylene nitrile, preferably carbon black, the anode active metals particle can be selected from platinum grain, ruthenium particle and palladium
At least one of particle, preferably platinum grain.
According to the disclosure, cathode is for introduction of oxidative gas (such as oxygen) and receives electronics and generates anion (example
Such as superoxide ion O2 -Or hydroxide ion OH-), anion enters ionic reaction area across anion-exchange membrane and is reacted.Such as
Shown in Fig. 2, the cathode 2 can be provided with cathode catalyst layer 21 and the oxidizing gas diffusion region 22 of fluid communication, described
Oxidizing gas input port and oxidizing gas delivery outlet can be set in the oxidizing gas diffusion region 22, the electronics
Input terminal can be set in the cathode catalyst layer 21, and the cathode catalyst layer 21 can be set to the oxidisability gas
Between body diffusion region 22 and the anion-exchange membrane 4.The oxidizing gas diffusion region be used for by oxidizing gas input and
It exports and at least partly oxidizing gas is made to enter cathode catalyst layer and obtain Electrical inputs electronics, generate anion.It is described
The structure of cathode catalyst layer can be similar to anode catalyst layer, such as cathod catalyst may include cathode carrier and load
Cathode activity metallic particles on cathode carrier, the cathode carrier can be carbon particle or silicon carbide/polypropylene nitrile, preferably
Carbon black, the cathode activity metallic particles can be selected from least one of platinum grain, Argent grain, palladium particle and nickel particle,
Preferably platinum grain.Other than active metal, there can also be the oxides additives such as V, Ce and Zr on catalyst, keep platinum grain all
The oxygen concentration for keeping certain is enclosed, the overpotential of oxygen electrode is reduced, keeps oxygen utilization rate.
According to the disclosure, ionic reaction area be used for across proton exchange membrane proton and across anion-exchange membrane it is cloudy from
Son, which carries out reaction generation water, can be filled with to make proton and anion come into full contact with and react in the ionic reaction area 5
Conducting liquid layer, the liquid in the conducting liquid layer can be water, can contain or not contain electrolyte, preferably comprise electrolysis
Matter accelerates the progress of reaction to improve the conductivity of liquid, and the electrolyte can be that various can be dissolved in water and be capable of conductive
Substance, for example, may include at least one of selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and sodium sulphate, but the present disclosure is not limited to
This.The water of generation is reacted in ionic reaction area to be discharged by water outlet 51, which can be set to ionic reaction
The bottom or top in area can by the electrolyte that water is taken out of to make water be extracted out by drainage arrangement or be spilled over in drain vessel
Periodically to be supplemented.In general, ionic reaction area can be presented in the form of sink or pond.
According to the disclosure, it can also includes fuel storing to input fuel and oxidizing gas, the fuel cell for convenience
Container and oxidizing gas storage container are deposited, the fuel reserve container can be in fluid communication with fueling ports, the oxidation
Property gas storage container can be in fluid communication with the oxidizing gas input port, other than fuel reserve container, in order to carry
The pressure of high air inlet, fuel cell are also provided with force (forcing) pump.
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is described in detail above in association with attached drawing, still, the disclosure is not limited to above-mentioned reality
The detail in mode is applied, in the range of the technology design of the disclosure, a variety of letters can be carried out to the technical solution of the disclosure
Monotropic type, these simple variants belong to the protection domain of the disclosure.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case of shield, can be combined by any suitable means, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the disclosure to it is various can
The combination of energy no longer separately illustrates.
In addition, arbitrary combination can also be carried out between a variety of different embodiments of the disclosure, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
Disclosed thought equally should be considered as disclosure disclosure of that.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fuel cell, which is characterized in that the fuel cell include anode (1), cathode (2), proton exchange membrane (3),
Anion-exchange membrane (4) and ionic reaction area (5), the ionic reaction area (5) be set to the anode (1) and cathode (2) it
Between, it is separated by the proton exchange membrane (3) between the anode (1) and the ionic reaction area (5) so that anode (1) generates
Proton by proton exchange membrane (3) enter ionic reaction area (5) in, between the cathode (2) and the ionic reaction area (5)
It is separated by anion-exchange membrane (4) so that the anion that cathode (2) generates enters ionic reaction by anion-exchange membrane (4)
Area (5) is simultaneously reacted with the proton in ionic reaction area (5), and the anode (1) is provided with fueling ports, fuel delivery outlet
And electronic output, cathode (2) setting oxidizing gases input port, oxidizing gas delivery outlet and Electrical inputs,
The ionic reaction area (5) is provided with water outlet (51).
2. fuel cell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the proton exchange membrane exchanges for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Film, perfluor polyvinyl sulfonic acid exchange membrane, sulfonated polyphenyl base quinoline exchange membrane, sulfonation fluorinated styrenes copolymer exchange membrane, polyphenyl
And imidazoles exchange membrane, polyether-ether-ketone exchange membrane, polyether sulfone exchange membrane, polysulfones exchange membrane or polyimides exchange membrane.
3. fuel cell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the anion-exchange membrane is that fluorination polystyrene is handed over
Film, polyimides exchange membrane, polyether sulfone exchange membrane, polyether-ketone exchange membrane, polyvinyl alcohol exchange membrane, Hydrin is changed to exchange
Film, Chitosan exchange membrane or polyvinyl imidazol exchange membrane.
4. fuel cell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the anode (1) is provided with the anode of fluid communication
Catalyst layer (11) and fuel diffusion region (12), the fueling ports and fuel delivery outlet are set to the fuel diffusion region
(12) in, the electronic output is set in the anode catalyst layer (11), and the anode catalyst layer (11) is set to
Between the fuel diffusion region (12) and the proton exchange membrane (3).
5. fuel cell according to claim 4, which is characterized in that anode-catalyzed in the anode catalyst layer (11)
Agent includes anode carrier and the anode active metals particle that is supported on anode carrier, and the anode carrier is carbon particle or carbonization
Polyacrylonitrile, the anode active metals particle are selected from least one of platinum grain, ruthenium particle and palladium particle.
6. fuel cell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cathode (2) is provided with the cathode of fluid communication
Catalyst layer (21) and oxidizing gas diffusion region (22), the oxidizing gas input port and the setting of oxidizing gas delivery outlet
In the oxidizing gas diffusion region (22), the Electrical inputs are set in the cathode catalyst layer (21), described
Cathode catalyst layer (21) is set between the oxidizing gas diffusion region (22) and the anion-exchange membrane (4).
7. fuel cell according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the cathode catalysis in the cathode catalyst layer (21)
Agent includes cathode carrier and the cathode activity metallic particles that is supported on cathode carrier, and the cathode carrier is carbon particle or carbonization
Polyacrylonitrile, the cathode activity metallic particles are selected from least one of platinum grain, Argent grain, palladium particle and nickel particle.
8. fuel cell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be filled with conduction liquid in the ionic reaction area (5)
Body layer.
9. fuel cell according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the liquid in the conducting liquid layer is water, is contained
Or electrolyte is not contained, the electrolyte includes selected from least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and sodium sulphate.
10. fuel cell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fuel cell further includes fuel reserve container
With oxidizing gas storage container, the fuel reserve container is in fluid communication with fueling ports, the oxidizing gas storage
Container is in fluid communication with the oxidizing gas input port.
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| CN201810491400.5A CN108448140A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Fuel cell |
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| CN201810491400.5A CN108448140A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Fuel cell |
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| CN108448140A true CN108448140A (en) | 2018-08-24 |
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| CN201810491400.5A Pending CN108448140A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Fuel cell |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN109860675A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-06-07 | 杨记周 | A kind of new-energy automobile fuel cell ion exchange membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN110376263A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-25 | 贾晨晓 | It is a kind of for detecting the detection device and its method of fruit maturation |
| CN111470670A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-31 | 中南大学 | Method for recycling sodium sulfate electrolysis waste liquid of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell |
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| CN103151547A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-12 | 天津大学 | Composite fuel cell |
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| JP2009193788A (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell |
| US20150064581A1 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2015-03-05 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Hybrid Ionomer Electrochemical Devices |
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| CN110376263A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-25 | 贾晨晓 | It is a kind of for detecting the detection device and its method of fruit maturation |
| CN111470670A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-31 | 中南大学 | Method for recycling sodium sulfate electrolysis waste liquid of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell |
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