CN103329719B - Continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of melons - Google Patents
Continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of melons Download PDFInfo
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- CN103329719B CN103329719B CN201310289326.6A CN201310289326A CN103329719B CN 103329719 B CN103329719 B CN 103329719B CN 201310289326 A CN201310289326 A CN 201310289326A CN 103329719 B CN103329719 B CN 103329719B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of melons. The continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of the melons comprises the follow steps that soil preparation and ditching are carried out in late May; leguminous crop vetch is sowed; watering is conducted so that the soil moisture content can be kept, the vetch is pressed into a ditch under the condition that the roots of the vetch are not cut off and the ridge surface is covered by topsoil; plug seedling are grown in a hotbed in early February and field planting is conducted when each melon seedling is provided with a single leaf and a single bud; a small shed is uncovered, normal management of a greenhouse begins and harvest is over in mid or late May. Through the continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of the melons, the procedure of continuous cropping cultivation of the melons is simplified; by the adoption of the methods that the roots of the vetch are not cut off and the vetch cover the soil and mulching film and is directly used as green manure, the soil fertility is improved and the biological environment of soil is balanced, changes physicochemical properties of the soil, disease resistance of the melons in the field is reduced, continuous cropping obstacles of the melons are reduced, the incidence of fusarium wilt is reduced by 96% compared with that of the prior art, the sugar degree of the melons is improved by 1-2%, and the yield is improved by over 90% compared with that of the traditional continuous cropping cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method of melon and fruit, especially a kind of muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Along with market constantly increases the demand of muskmelon, muskmelon continuous cropping area increases year by year, but muskmelon continuous cropping finally makes the natural equilibrium of edaphon and inorganic constituents be damaged, make the development of soil germ, cause soil disease to spread, the diseases such as large area generation fusarium wilt, climing rot, fusarium wilt causes muskmelon production loss 15～30%, serious field reaches 50～85%, even has no harvest, and has a strong impact on output and the benefit of muskmelon.Muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle becomes the principal element that restriction muskmelon is produced.Lot of domestic and foreign scholar is carrying out a large amount of research and inquirement aspect the generation of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle and regulation and control, it is that soil quality declines that its continuous cropping obstacle affects one of the main reasons, and soil quality declines and fertilising has direct relation, variety classes fertilizer can produce material impact to continuous cropping geomicrobes fauna and soil enzyme activities, main manifestations is to soil physical and chemical property change with to soil biology environmental disruption, the muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method of existing not yet useful green manure mulching soil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defect that existing muskmelon culture technique exists, a kind of muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method is proposed, improve soil physical and chemical property and soil biology environment, simplify muskmelon sequential cropping cultivation program, increase soil fertility and then improve field watermelon disease resistance.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1), after the cultivation of front stubble muskmelon finishes, throw off mulch film, the ridge face of raking, ditches along ridge face direction;
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with sowing legume sweet potato after rake leveling table soil, seeding quantity 1kg/50 rice ditch, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and pour water in ditch, moistening ridge face;
3), after seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 75～80%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato growing on the face of ridge is not completely cured, be all pressed in ditch, with table soil covering ridge face, the upper bicolor mulching film that covers of table soil, compression bicolor mulching film surrounding, airtight booth or greenhouse;
4), early Febuary, muskmelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, until the single file field planting wholeheartedly time of melon seedling one leaf, covers little shed after field planting;
5) late March, throws off little shed, enters booth normal management ealy maturing culture muskmelon, adopts single climing training, the end of gathering mid-May to the last ten-days period.
Object of the present invention can also further realize by following technical measures.
Aforesaid muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the furrow width 45～55cm of wherein said step 1) trench digging, ditch depth 35～45cm.
Aforesaid muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, shows native cladding thickness at 1.8～2.2cm described in wherein said step 3); Described bicolor mulching film is the bicolor mulching film of silver grey black, and while covering bicolor mulching film, down, silver gray upward for the black of bicolor mulching film; The bicolor mulching film cover time is 18～22 days.
Aforesaid muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the spacing in the rows 45～55cm of wherein said step 4) field planting.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
After the cultivation of front stubble muskmelon finishes, sow sweet potato green manure, and be not completely cured direct mulching soil and mulch film of sweet potato made to green manure, save turn over, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the farming operation such as site preparation and fertilization, saving of work and time.Adopt silver grey black bicolor mulching film to cover airtight, improve ground temperature in ridge, be conducive to accelerate decomposition and the utilization of carbon, nitrogen, especially potassium etc. in the green body plant of sweet potato.Sweet potato well developed root system, plays chesson, changes the penetrating ability of soil, and then reaches the effect that changes soil physico-chemical property.Utilize sweet potato self has weed growth is suppressed and allelopathy, suppress weeds in field growth.Utilize microclimate acting in conjunction in sweet potato green manure-soil-microorganism-ridge, can reduce muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle, the fusarium wilt incidence of disease reduces by 96% compared with prior art, and quality obviously improves, and its pol improves 1～2%, and the more traditional sequential cropping cultivation of output improves more than 90%.
Advantage and disadvantage of the present invention, will make an explanation by the non-limitative illustration of preferred embodiment below, and these embodiment only provide as an example.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1), late May, after the cultivation of front stubble muskmelon finishes, throw off mulch film, the ridge face of raking, ditches along ridge face direction; Furrow width 50cm, ditch depth 40cm.
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with sowing legume sweet potato after rake leveling table soil, seeding quantity 1kg/50 rice ditch, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and pour water in ditch, moistening ridge face.Sweet potato root has a large amount of rhizobium, can supplement nitrogenous fertilizer.Sweet potato well developed root system, plays chesson, changes the penetrating ability of soil, and then reaches the effect that changes soil physico-chemical property.What sweet potato self had suppresses and allelopathy weed growth, plays the effect that weeds in field is suppressed.The salt tolerance effects that sweet potato does green manure or cover crop is fairly obvious, turn over green manure and can significantly increase content of inorganic nitrogen in soil, especially nitrate nitrogen content, Soil Available potassium recruitment reaches 80. 8%～88. 5% of green manure burst size, and the degree that recycles of potassium is higher and have identical nutritive effect with Chemical Potassium.
3), after seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 75～80%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato growing on the face of ridge is not completely cured, be all pressed in ditch, with table soil covering ridge face, cladding thickness, in 2cm left and right, is shown the upper covering of soil bicolor mulching film, compress bicolor mulching film surrounding, airtight booth or greenhouse, keep about 20 days.Adopt silver grey black bicolor mulching film to cover airtight, improve ground temperature in ridge, be conducive to accelerate decomposition and the utilization of carbon, nitrogen, especially potassium etc. in the green body plant of sweet potato.
4), early Febuary, muskmelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, until the single file field planting wholeheartedly time of melon seedling one leaf, covers little shed after spacing in the rows 50cm field planting.
5) late March, throws off little shed, enters booth ealy maturing culture muskmelon normal management, adopts single climing training, gathers and finishes cultivation mid-May to the last ten-days period.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, and all employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent deformation one-tenth, all drop in the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1), late May, after the cultivation of front stubble muskmelon finishes, throw off mulch film, the ridge face of raking, ditches along ridge face direction;
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with sowing legume sweet potato after rake leveling table soil, seeding quantity 1kg/50 rice ditch, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and pour water in ditch, moistening ridge face;
3), after seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 75～80%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato growing on the face of ridge is not completely cured, be all pressed in ditch, with table soil covering ridge face, the upper bicolor mulching film that covers of table soil, compression bicolor mulching film surrounding, airtight booth or greenhouse;
4), early Febuary, muskmelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, until the single file field planting wholeheartedly time of melon seedling one leaf, covers little shed after field planting;
5), late March, throw off little shed, enter booth ealy maturing culture muskmelon normal management, adopt single climing training, the end of gathering mid-May to the last ten-days period.
2. muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) the native cladding thickness of described table is at 1.8～2.2cm; Described bicolor mulching film is the bicolor mulching film of silver grey black, and while covering bicolor mulching film, down, silver gray upward for the black of bicolor mulching film.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104012292B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-03-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Thick-skinned melon 1 year greenhouse cultivation method of three batches |
| CN104145664B (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-06-08 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of thick-skinned melon open country cultivating superior high-yield method |
| CN106212018A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-14 | 芜湖晋诚农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Melo dense planting high yield |
| CN106376323A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 张和平 | Fruit and vegetable non-tillage cultivation method |
| CN110278837A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 陕西彬翔农业科技有限公司 | High temperature difference cool area improve muskmelon pol method |
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| CN101406136A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-04-15 | 东北农业大学 | Accompanying planting method for overcoming succession cropping obstacle of green cucumber |
| CN101971759A (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2011-02-16 | 东北农业大学 | Associated cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of melons |
| CN102487689A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-13 | 张志平 | Planting method of high-quality and thin-rind sweet melons |
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| CN101406136A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-04-15 | 东北农业大学 | Accompanying planting method for overcoming succession cropping obstacle of green cucumber |
| CN101971759A (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2011-02-16 | 东北农业大学 | Associated cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of melons |
| CN102487689A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-13 | 张志平 | Planting method of high-quality and thin-rind sweet melons |
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| Wilfred Singogo et al.Fall-planted Cover Crops Support Good Yields OF Muskmelons.《HortScience》.1996,第31卷(第1期),第62-64页. |
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