CN103323352B - Natural gas hydrate deposit dynamic triaxial mechanic-acoustic-electrical synchronous test experimental device and method - Google Patents
Natural gas hydrate deposit dynamic triaxial mechanic-acoustic-electrical synchronous test experimental device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a natural gas hydrate deposit dynamic triaxial mechanic-acoustic-electrical synchronous test experimental device, and a test method. The natural gas hydrate deposit dynamic triaxial mechanic-acoustic-electrical synchronous test experimental device comprises an acoustic wave receiving device, an acoustic wave transmitting device, and a resistivity testing device. The natural gas hydrate deposit dynamic triaxial mechanic-acoustic-electrical synchronous test experiment method comprises the steps that: step A, a hydrate sample is synthesized; step B, the synthesized hydrate sample is subjected to dynamic loading, and electric-acoustic-mechanical property tests are simultaneously carried out, until the sample is subjected to shearing damage. The invention provides a mechanical response characteristic research of indoor hydrate deposit under dynamic load. With the device and the method, mechanical, electrical, and acoustic parameter synchronous testing of hydrate deposit under dynamic load can be realized. With the test data, a relationship between mechanical parameters and wave velocity can be obtained by fitting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental provision and method of natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection, its major function is the mechanical response characteristic under researching natural gas hydrate sediment and frozen soil stratum compressional wave and outside dynamic load condition.
Background technology
Since entering 21 century, along with hydrocarbon resources can the minimizing of the amount of adopting and the increase of consumption, the exploration and development of the unconventional energy resource such as gas hydrate has formally been put on agenda.Hydrate reservoir due to actual occurring in nature is all in the environment of a dynamic action, and such as earthquake, eustasy be artificial disturbance (drilling well and exploitation) etc. even.Thus containing the hydrate formation mechanical property of hydrate formation mechanical property especially under Dynamic Loading to breakthrough gas hydrate drilling technique and Technology of Safety Mining extremely important,
But limit by the harsh conditions of gas hydrate synthesis and stable existence, and related experiment device and measuring technology is immature, causing the research of this respect considerably less, is all carry out experimental simulation test under static load effect substantially.In domestic " Proceedings of Mechanics " 2 phases in 2009 " present Research of hydrate sediment mechanical property " and 2009 phases at noon 5 " experimental provision of hydrate sediment mechanical property and progress ", induction and conclusion is carried out to domestic and international hydrate sediment mechanical property research device, experimental technique and present Research; State Intellectual Property Office discloses in 2011 Mays at noon " gas hydrate mechanical property experiment device " that application number is " 201010222083.0 "; " a kind of triaxial tests device measuring natural gas hydrate deposits object and become " that to disclose application number 2011 July at noon be " 201110002805.6 " and discloses " containing natural gas hydrate deposits thing Triaxial tester and the test method thereof " that application number be " 201110183207.3 " in November, 2011, again discloses " natural gas hydrate rock mechanical triaxial tester " that application number is " 201010586401 " recently in September, 2012.Above-mentioned experimental provision and method are all for hydrate mechanical property Quality Research under dead weight, but shortcoming is cannot hydrate sediment mechanical response characteristic research under dynamic loading under simulating natural condition, only be confined to single hydrate sediment Mechanics Performance Testing simultaneously, lack the method for hydrate sediment mechanical property and other physical property being carried out relevance test.And actual occurring in nature hydrate reservoir is often in the environment of a dynamic action, such as earthquake, eustasy even artificial disturbance (probing and exploitation) etc.In addition, because hydrate sediment sample obtains difficulty, with high costs, therefore estimate that original position formation mechanical property becomes one of option by original position geophysical logging data, therefore in the urgent need to the mechanical response characteristic of hydrate formation under outside dynamic load effect and corresponding electricity and the research of acoustics characteristic spread, and set up the mathe-matical map relation of matching between these characterisitic parameters, thus lay the foundation for logging evaluation hydrate formation mechanical property and sound-electric joint inversion from now on calculates stratum hydrate concentration, and then to the safety problem in hydrate exploration exploitation as wellbore stability, the application such as stratum deformation evaluation provide support, even can select to provide useful information for the drill bit in hydrate drilling process.
Summary of the invention
Accordingly, be dynamic this research contradiction for the too much and actual geologic setting of static test in existing hydrate Experiments of Machanics, one of the object of the invention is just to provide a kind of gas hydrate dynamic triaxial mechanics and sound wave, electrology characteristic synchronism detection experimental provision and method.In addition, how Obtaining Accurate original position stratum hydrate concentration rapid evaluation hydrated in-situ thing reservoir mechanical property thus to carry out analysis and assessment to wellbore stability in drilling process be also the difficult problem faced in hydrate exploration exploitation in engineering practice, therefore another object of the present invention is just to provide mechanics parameter and velocity of wave incidence relation accurately, and then obtain hydrate concentration accurately by resistivity, the funtcional relationship between mechanics parameter and hydrate concentration is obtained by hydrate and velocity of wave relation, thus lay the foundation for logging evaluation hydrate formation mechanical property and sound-electric joint inversion from now on calculates stratum hydrate concentration, and then to drill bit selection and safety problem in hydrate exploration exploitation as wellbore stability, the application such as stratum deformation evaluation provide support.
In order to reach first object of the present invention, a kind of experimental provision of natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection is provided, the experimental provision of described natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection comprises: triaxial cell, its triaxial cell comprises upper end cover, bottom end cover and cylindrical shell, the upper and lower two ends of cylindrical shell are provided with the seaming chuck and push-down head that are connected with hydraulic power unit by fluid pressure line, the fluid pressure line be wherein connected with seaming chuck is provided with the hydraulic valve hydrate sample of described synthesis being carried out to dynamic load control, seaming chuck and push-down head are also respectively equipped with the compressional wave receiving trap and the P wave emission device that sample are carried out to compressional wave test, push-down head is also provided with resistivity measurement device sample being carried out to resistivity measurement.
In order to reach second object of the present invention, a kind of natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection experimental technique is provided, hydrate formation mechanics, velocity of wave associate with resistivity by the method, described experimental technique comprises first by above-mentioned dynamic mechanical test acquisition dynamic mechanics parameter, obtain value of wave speed by wave velocity testing, and then dynamic mechanics parameter and velocity of wave are set up mapping relations therebetween by numerical analysis method.By electrode measurement sample resistivity, according to revised Archie equation and in conjunction with salt solution state equation calculated hydration thing saturation degree, obtain the relation between hydrate concentration and velocity of wave accordingly, by velocity of wave and hydrate concentration and between velocity of wave and mechanics parameter relation obtain the incidence relation between hydrate concentration and mechanics parameter.
Described gas hydrate dynamic triaxial mechanical property and sound wave and resistivity synchronism detection experimental technique comprise the following steps:
Steps A: synthesized hydrate sample;
Step B: carry out dynamic load to the hydrate sample of described synthesis, and carry out velocity of wave and resistivity measurement simultaneously, until sample shear failure.
Further, described step B comprises:
Step B1: the hydrate sample of described synthesis is placed in triaxial cell;
Step B2: in hydraulic control pipeline, the flow of hydraulic oil and direction realize the vibration of described seaming chuck, by the vibration realizing of seaming chuck to the dynamic load of described synthesized hydrate sample, by the compressional wave receiving trap on upper and lower pressure head and P wave emission device, resistivity is carried out to the resistivity measurement device (electrode) that sample carries out compressional wave characteristic test and push-down head simultaneously and measure.
Further, described step B2 specifically comprises:
Step B21: the waveform setting the vibration of described seaming chuck in industrial computer;
Step B22: described industrial computer is arranged on opening direction and the aperture of the hydraulic valve on fluid pressure line according to selected Waveform Control.
Further, the vibrational waveform of described seaming chuck is sine wave, triangular wave and square wave.
Further, described steps A comprises:
A. sample is filled: after sediment skeleton sample (diameter 50mm, high 100mm) being placed in triaxial pressure indoor, sealing is installed by triaxial cell;
B. vacuumize: utilize vacuum pump to vacuumize sediment skeleton sample;
C. confined pressure prestrain (arranging pressure 10-15MPa) is carried out to sample;
D. sub-cooled circulation: open sub-cooled circulating device, constant temperature cooling is carried out to triaxial cell;
E. water filling is gentle: after each temperature sensor reading reaches design temperature and no longer changes, and is injected in the hole of triaxial pressure indoor sediment skeleton sample by pure water through constant-flux pump and piston container; After water filling terminates, the high-purity methane gas in natural gas bottle is injected in sediment skeleton sample hole through gas boosting pump and flowmeter, controls injecting gas flow and pressure by the tensimeter on flowmeter and supercharge pump;
F. hydrate sediment synthesis: constant temperature leaves standstill 18-20h under temperature 4 DEG C of conditions of setting, when the reading of each pressure transducer is reduced to a certain value and no longer changes, represents that in sediment skeleton, hydrate has generated.
Further, described steps A comprises further:
A1. sample is filled: open triaxial cell's upper end cover, regulated the lifting of cylindrical shell by lower vertical shaft by hydraulic control pumping plant, be 50mm by diameter, between the seaming chuck being highly placed in triaxial pressure indoor for the sediment skeleton sample of 100mm and push-down head, sediment skeleton sample rubber membrane wraps up, and rubber membrane and upper push-down head end is tied up; After sediment skeleton sample installs, sealing is installed by triaxial cell;
B1. vacuumize: utilize vacuum pump to vacuumize sediment skeleton sample;
C1. confined pressure is applied: open hydraulic power unit, pressure 10 to 15MPa is set, confined pressure prestrain is carried out to sample, rubber membrane and sample still close contact during to ensure that water or gas inject;
D1. sub-cooled circulation: open sub-cooled circulating device, set temperature 4 DEG C, carries out constant temperature cooling to triaxial cell;
E1. then water filling is gentle: treat that the reading of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, three-temperature sensor and the 4th temperature sensor is 4 DEG C, and after no longer changing, pure water is injected into through constant-flux pump and piston container in the hole of sediment skeleton sample in triaxial cell; After water filling terminates, the high-purity methane gas in natural gas bottle is injected into through gas boosting pump and flowmeter in the hole of sediment skeleton sample, and the amount of injecting gas is controlled by flowmeter, and gaseous tension is 8-10MPa;
F1. hydrate sediment synthesis: after water filling is gentle, sediment skeleton sample leaves standstill 18-20h (hour) under 4 DEG C of constant temperatures, when the reading of the first pressure transducer and the second pressure transducer is reduced to a certain value and no longer changes (dropping to stability number), represent that in sediment skeleton, hydrate has generated.
Described hydrate formation mechanics, velocity of wave and resistivity correlating method comprise the following steps:
Steps A: distortion and the payload values of testing sample (hydrate sample) in gas hydrate Dynamic triaxial test device vibration loading procedure, calculate dynamic modulus E
dwith dynamic Poisson's ratio μ
ddeng mechanics parameter;
Step B: carry out velocity of wave and amplitude measurement to sample by acoustic receiver and emitter, by the dynamic modulus E that dynamic mechanical test obtains
d, dynamic Poisson's ratio μ
dbe depicted in coordinate axis with Y-axis and X-axis parameter respectively with the velocity of wave obtained by synchronous sonic test, set up the mapping relations between mechanics parameter and acoustic velocity, as E by NUMERICAL MATCH METHOD FOR
dwith V
p, V
srelation and μ
dwith V
p, V
srelation.
Step C: synchro measure sample resistivity value and pore water salinity, then by hydrate concentration in Archie equation calculation sample, and its result and the hydrate concentration estimated by sample water compound decomposition method are contrasted, thus revise the constant value in Archie equation;
Steps d: with hydrate concentration in revised Archie equation calculation sample in subsequent experimental, hydrate concentration is associated with velocity of wave, and then sets up the funtcional relationship between hydrate concentration and sample forces mathematic(al) parameter by relation between the mechanics parameter of step B gained and velocity of wave.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) present invention achieves the dynamic load to gas hydrate, can hydrate sediment mechanical response characteristic research under dynamic loading under simulating natural condition, simulate such as earthquake, eustasy even artificial disturbance (drilling well and exploitation), the experimental data of more science can be provided, in view of the experimental provision and the experimental technique that there is no a set of synthetic study outside dynamic load Water Under compound sediment mechanical response characteristic at present, the present invention can make up the deficiency of this respect well;
(2) hydrate sediment dynamic triaxial mechanical property and sound wave and electrology characteristic synchronously integrate by the present invention, the incidence relation between hydrate sediment velocity of wave, dynamic mechanics parameter can be set up, for the sound wave measuring well curve evaluation stratum dynamics characteristic in hydrate formation drilling process and borehole wall stability evaluation thereof provide theoretical foundation by late time data process.
(3) hydrate concentration value can be obtained fast by resistivity measurement and calculating, avoid hydrate concentration estimation loaded down with trivial details in Conventional Hydrate simulated experiment to measure, be simultaneously bridge with velocity of wave, the hydrate concentration value that also can obtain according to resistivity measurement sets up the funtcional relationship between hydrate mechanics parameter and hydrate concentration, thus can be used for obtaining hydrate concentration value by resistivity logging accurately from now on and evaluate formation mechanical property and then for bit type selection, stratum hydrate concentration and the wellbore stability relevant to hydrate are determined in sound-electric joint inversion, the modeling effort that stratum deformation and submarine slide etc. are relevant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the experimental provision of natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection involved in the present invention.
Drawing reference numeral illustrates:
1-hydraulic power unit, 2-hydraulic valve, 3-low-temperature circulating cooling device, 4-bottom end cover, 5-cylindrical shell, 6-sample, 7-upper end cover, 8-seaming chuck, 9-pressure and displacement transducer, 10-acoustic receiver device, 11-first pressure transducer, 12-first temperature sensor, 13-acoustic emission apparatus, 14-second pressure transducer, 15-valve, 16-second temperature sensor, 17-vacuum pump, 18-industrial computer, 19-the 3rd pressure transducer, 20-push-down head, 21-three-temperature sensor, 22-the 4th temperature sensor, 23-piston container, 24-constant-flux pump, 25-tank, 26-gas boosting pump, 27-natural gas bottle, 28-flowmeter, vertical shaft under 29-, 30-base, 31-electrode (resistivity measurement device), 32-salinometer
Embodiment
In order to there be understanding clearly to technical characteristic of the present invention, object and effect, now contrast accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
As shown in Figure 1, the experimental provision (that is: the experimental provision of natural gas hydrate deposits thing electricity-acoustics-mechanical property three synchronism detection) of natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection comprises: triaxial cell, described triaxial cell is arranged on base 30, triaxial cell comprises upper end cover 7, bottom end cover 4 and cylindrical shell 5, the seaming chuck 8 to sample 6 loading and push-down head 20 is provided with in cylindrical shell 5, sample 6 is placed between seaming chuck 8 and push-down head 20, push-down head 20 is fixed on lower vertical shaft 29, described seaming chuck 8 is connected with hydraulic power unit 1 by fluid pressure line, described fluid pressure line is provided with the hydraulic valve 2 hydrate sample of described synthesis being carried out to dynamic load control.
Seaming chuck 8 is connected by piston seal with pressure chamber's upper end cover 7 and passes upper end cover 7 and extend in cylindrical shell 5, and pressure and displacement transducer 9 is equipped with in seaming chuck 8 upper end; The lower end of seaming chuck 8 is provided with the first temperature sensor 12, first pressure transducer 11; The second temperature sensor 16, second pressure transducer 14 is equipped with in the upper end of push-down head 20.Wherein the first pressure transducer 11, second pressure transducer 14 is for the pore pressure at test sample about 6 two ends, precision ± 1%; First temperature sensor 12, second temperature sensor 16 is for measuring the temperature at the upper and lower two ends of sample, precision ± 0.5 DEG C.The 3rd pressure transducer 19, three-temperature sensor 21 and the 4th temperature sensor 22 bottom end cover 4 be equipped with, for measuring the pressure and temperature in cylindrical shell 5 outside sample.
Hydraulic power unit 1 provides hydraulic power by fluid pressure line to seaming chuck 8.Hydraulic power unit can provide maximum dynamic load 200kN, maximum static load 250kN; Axial load stroke ± 75mm; Axially load static strain speed adjustable extent 0.01mm/min-5mm/min, static stress speed adjustable extent 0.1MPa/min-3MPa/min.
The key distinction of natural gas hydrate deposits thing electricity-acoustics of the present invention-mechanical property three synchronism detection experimental provision (experimental provision of natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection) and prior art is: one is that seaming chuck 8 in the present invention can vibrate, realize the dynamic load to sample 6, simulated earthquake, eustasy be artificial disturbance (drilling well and exploitation) even.For this reason, the present invention is provided with hydraulic valve 2, by opening direction and the aperture of hydraulic valve 2, and the flow of the hydraulic oil in hydraulic control pipeline and direction, thus the vibration realizing seaming chuck 8.Two is that acoustic receiver device 10 and acoustic emission apparatus 13 and resistivity measurement device 31 (electrode) are housed respectively in the present invention on the indoor seaming chuck 8 of triaxial pressure and push-down head 20, can realize the dynamic triaxial mechanical property of hydrate sediment and the synchronism detection of sound wave and electrology characteristic.As for other structures of triaxial cell, except description of the invention, can same as the prior art or reference prior art.
The water injecting mechanism of this experimental provision is made up of piston container 23 and constant-flux pump 24, and gas injection mechanism is made up of natural gas bottle 27, gas boosting pump 26 and flowmeter 28.When needs are at the indoor synthesized hydrate sediment sample of triaxial pressure, first by vacuum pump 17 (action of by-pass valve control 15), sample is vacuumized, then in sample, inject water/gas by water/gas injecting mechanism, institute's gas injection scale of construction is controlled by gas meter 28.
The temperature/pressure control gear of this experimental provision is made up of low-temperature circulating cooling device 3 and hydraulic power unit 1, carries out temperature control, controllable temperature scope-50 DEG C ~ room temperature in experiment by the oil circulation in low-temperature circulating cooling device 3 to triaxial cell; Triaxial cell's confined pressure is realized by hydraulic power unit 1, confined pressure controlled range 0 ~ 35MPa.
Further, described sky gas hydrate sediment electricity-acoustics-mechanical property three synchronism detection experimental provision comprises: industrial computer 18, industrial computer 18 controls the vibration of described seaming chuck 8 by the action controlling described hydraulic valve 2.The industrial computer 18 of this experimental provision is a data acquisition system (DAS), mainly comprise computer, by being connected with the 4th temperature sensor 22 with pressure and displacement transducer 9, first pressure transducer 11, first temperature sensor 12, second pressure transducer 14, second temperature sensor 16, the 3rd pressure transducer 19, three-temperature sensor 21, realize sample 6 two ends temperature, pressure in experimentation, seaming chuck 8 axle pressure and displacement, confined pressure temperature and pressure, the monitoring of experimental situation temperature.
The present invention also provides the experimental technique of a kind of natural gas hydrate deposits thing electricity-acoustics-mechanical property three synchronism detection, i.e. natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection experimental technique, and the method comprises the following steps:
Steps A: synthesized hydrate sample;
Step B: dynamic load is carried out to the hydrate sample of described synthesis, parameter such as test dynamic modulus, dynamic Poisson's ratio etc., and carry out velocity of wave and resistivity measurement, until sample shear failure simultaneously.The loading of the present invention to sample is different from existing static loading, and loading force of the present invention changes over time, and can simulated earthquake, the hydrate reservoir environment of eustasy even under artificial disturbance (drilling well and exploitation).
Step C: by approximating method, mapping relations are set up to the mechanics parameter tested and velocity of wave, calculating is carried out to the resistivity value of test and obtains hydrate concentration value, hydrate concentration value is associated to corresponding velocity of wave and mechanics parameter and sets up corresponding funtcional relationship.
Further, described step B comprises:
Step B1: the hydrate sample of described synthesis is placed in triaxial cell;
Step B2: the flow of the hydraulic oil then in hydraulic control pipeline and direction realize the vibration of described seaming chuck, by the vibration realizing of seaming chuck to the dynamic load of the hydrate sample of described synthesis.Realized the vibration of hydraulic loading device by hydraulic way, control accuracy is high, and vibration is easy to realize, and mode of vibration is also close to earthquake, the eustasy even actual conditions of artificial disturbance (drilling well and exploitation).The dynamic mechanics parameter of sample is tested as dynamic modulus E in vibration loading procedure
d, dynamic Poisson's ratio μ
detc. parameter, by the acoustic receiver device on upper and lower pressure head and acoustic emission apparatus, velocity of wave and resistivity measurement are carried out to sample simultaneously.
Further, described step B2 specifically comprises:
Step B21: the waveform setting the vibration of described seaming chuck in industrial computer 18;
Step B22: described industrial computer is arranged on opening direction and the aperture of the hydraulic valve on fluid pressure line according to selected Waveform Control.Like this, various physical environment or man-made recovery's situation can be simulated.
Further, the vibrational waveform of described seaming chuck is sine wave, triangular wave and square wave.Further, described steps A comprises:
A. sample is filled: factor of porosity (φ) and the certain sediment skeleton sample 6 (diameter 50mm, high 100mm) of particle diameter (d) are placed in after in triaxial cell's (such as cylindrical shell 5) and sealing is installed by triaxial cell;
B. vacuumize: utilize vacuum pump to vacuumize sediment skeleton sample 6;
C. confined pressure prestrain (arranging pressure 10-15MPa) is carried out to sample 6;
D. sub-cooled circulation: open sub-cooled circulating device, constant temperature cooling is carried out to triaxial cell;
E. water filling is gentle: treat that each temperature sensor reading reaches design temperature, and after no longer changing, is injected in the hole of triaxial pressure indoor sediment skeleton sample by pure water through constant-flux pump and piston container; After water filling terminates, the high-purity methane gas in natural gas bottle is injected in sediment skeleton sample hole through gas boosting pump and flowmeter, controls injecting gas flow and pressure by the tensimeter on flowmeter and supercharge pump;
F. then carry out hydrate sediment synthesis: constant temperature leaves standstill 18-20h under temperature 4 DEG C of conditions of setting, when the reading of each pressure transducer is reduced to a certain value and no longer changes, represent that in sediment skeleton, hydrate has generated.
Further, described steps A comprises further:
A1. sample is filled: open triaxial cell's upper end cover 7, regulated the lifting of cylindrical shell 5 by lower vertical shaft 29 by hydraulic control pumping plant 1, be 50mm by diameter, highly for the sediment skeleton sample 6 of 100mm is placed between the seaming chuck 8 of triaxial pressure indoor and push-down head 20, sediment skeleton sample 6 rubber membrane parcel, and rubber membrane and upper push-down head end are tied up; After sediment skeleton sample 6 installs, sealing is installed by triaxial cell;
B1. vacuumize: utilize vacuum pump 17 pairs of sediment skeleton samples 6 to vacuumize;
C1. confined pressure is applied: open hydraulic power unit 1, pressure 10-15MPa is set, confined pressure prestrain is carried out to sample 6, rubber membrane and sample still close contact during to ensure that water or gas inject;
D1. sub-cooled circulation: open sub-cooled circulating device 3, set temperature 4 DEG C, carries out constant temperature cooling to triaxial cell;
E1. water filling is gentle: treat that the reading of the first temperature sensor 12, second temperature sensor 16, three-temperature sensor 21 and the 4th temperature sensor 22 is 4 DEG C, and after no longer changing, pure water is injected in the hole of sediment skeleton sample 6 in triaxial cell through constant-flux pump 24 (connection water channel 25) and piston container 23, wherein, the first temperature sensor 12, second temperature sensor 16 is for measuring the temperature at sample about 6 two ends; After water filling terminates, the high-purity methane gas in natural gas bottle 27 is injected in the hole of sediment skeleton sample 6 through gas boosting pump 26 and flowmeter 28, and the amount of injecting gas is controlled by flowmeter 28, and gaseous tension is 8-10MPa;
F1. hydrate sediment synthesis: after water filling is gentle, sediment skeleton sample 6 leaves standstill 18-20h under 4 DEG C of constant temperatures, when the reading of the first pressure transducer 11 and the second pressure transducer 14 is reduced to a certain scope and no longer changes, represent that in sediment skeleton, hydrate has generated.
Further, described step C comprises:
A. by the dynamic modulus E of dynamic mechanical test acquisition
d, dynamic Poisson's ratio μ
ddeng mechanics parameter and the velocity of wave V that obtained by synchronous sonic test
pand V
sthe mapping relations between mechanics parameter and acoustic velocity are set up, as obtained E by NUMERICAL MATCH METHOD FOR
dwith V
p, V
srelation and μ
dwith V
p, V
srelation, namely
In formula, v
ρ, v
sfor compressional wave and transverse wave speed, unit is km/s; ρ is sediment density, and unit is g/cm
3; E
dfor kinetic Youngs modulus, unit is MPa; μ
dfor dynamic Poisson's ratio; A, b, c, d, e are the coefficient that experimental result simulates.
1, a, b, c, d, e are the coefficient that experimental result simulates, and are to utilize Multiple Regression Analysis Method determination coefficient a, b, c, d, e.
2, present invention employs
Existing formula is all for conventional gas and oil stratum, and be not suitable for unconventional hydrate formation, an object of the present invention is exactly set up this relational expression being applicable to hydrate formation, namely, the present invention is on the basis of the formula for conventional gas and oil stratum, proves by experiment or determines
and utilize Multiple Regression Analysis Method determination coefficient a, b, c, d, e; Then this formula can be applied to actual acoustic logging evaluates in hydrate formation borehole wall stability or stratum deformation research, namely according to the hydrate formation sound wave measuring well curve v ρ of reality, vs formula (1) calculates original position stratum forces associated mathematic(al) parameter, evaluates the borehole wall or formation stability again according to the mechanics parameter calculated further by mechanics analysis model.
3, the present invention by velocity of wave and hydrate concentration and between velocity of wave and mechanics parameter relation obtain the incidence relation between hydrate concentration and dynamic mechanics parameter, the object that the present invention does like this: the mechanical property of hydrate formation and hemihydrate content and saturation degree have substantial connection, therefore the funtcional relationship found between hydrate concentration and formation mechanical property is need at the numerical simulation analysis hydrate formation borehole wall or formation stability the key issue that solves always.Can be obtained the relation of mechanical property and hydrate concentration comparatively accurately by actual hydrate sample test, but actual hydrate sample is difficult, with high costs, and 100% fidelity cannot be accomplished.In addition the mechanical property under dynamic environment has more value to actual hydrate research, therefore setting up relation between hydrate concentration and mechanical property by logging method can more simple and fast and advantage of lower cost, and current resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance log can obtain hydrate concentration very accurately, if therefore establish hydrate concentration and mechanics parameter relation accurately, just this relational expression can be used for actual resistivity, sound wave, formation mechanical property is evaluated in nuclear magnetic resonance log or numerical simulation analysis is evaluated in the hydrate formation borehole wall or formation stability, thus provide theory support and technological guidance for the safe exploration and development of hydrate.
B. synchro measure sample resistivity value and pore water salinity, then by hydrate concentration in Archie equation calculation sample:
In formula, R
tthe resistivity (Ω m) of sample, R
wbe pore water resistivity (Ω m), Φ be rock porosity (%), S
hthat a, m, n are empirical parameters containing hydrate concentration (%).Wherein, the value of a and m can pass through R
0/ R
w(R is obtained with the X plot of Φ
0for stratum only moisture time resistivity), a generally gets 0.9 ~ 1; M is decided by reservoir lithology, and span is from 1.715 (non-consolidating stratums) to 2.1661 (sandstone), and the usual value of n is 1.9386.By salinometer 32 (such as, connection traffic meter 28) measurement result, then calculate pore water resistivity R according to Fofonoff method and sea water state equation
w.
C. subsequently sample is decomposed, by hemihydrate content in drainage determination sample, and its result and the hydrate concentration estimated by Archie equation are contrasted, repeat experiment 3 times, thus revise empirical parameter a, m, n value in Archie equation;
D. in subsequent experimental with hydrate concentration in revised Archie equation calculation sample, hydrate concentration is associated with velocity of wave;
E. keep other experiment condition constant, test the mechanical property of sample in a static condition, set up the transformational relation between sound mechanics parameter;
F. the funtcional relationship between hydrate concentration and sample forces mathematic(al) parameter can be set up according to step a, steps d and step e.Change the factor of porosity (φ) of sample, repeat above-mentioned experimentation, set up hydrate concentration and the funtcional relationship between velocity of wave and factor of porosity, in conjunction with Archie equation, can be used for actual acoustic-electricity well logging joint inversion calculated hydration thing saturation degree.
The present invention both can utilize pressure chamber's synthesized hydrate sediment sample to carry out mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection association, also existing ocean can be utilized to carry out associating calculating with Electric Log Data and core data with frozen soil hydrate formation sound wave, the pore water salinity now utilizing core analysis to obtain is in conjunction with Electric Log Data and Archie equation calculated hydration thing saturation degree, then the velocity of wave data of correspondence position and the hydrate concentration of aforementioned calculating are associated by NUMERICAL MATCH METHOD FOR, the funtcional relationship between its hydrate concentration and stratum dynamics parameter is set up again according to the mapping relations between the mechanics parameter set up and velocity of wave.
The invention provides the mechanical response characteristic research under indoor hydrate sediment dynamic loads effect in early stage, mechanical property under hydrate sediment dynamic loading and sound wave and electrology characteristic synchronism detection and interrelated research thereof can be realized, lay the foundation for logging evaluation hydrate formation mechanical property and sound-electric joint inversion from now on calculates stratum hydrate concentration, and then to the safety problem in hydrate exploration exploitation as the application such as wellbore stability, stratum deformation evaluation provides support, even can select to provide useful information for the drill bit in hydrate drilling process.
The foregoing is only the schematic embodiment of the present invention, and be not used to limit scope of the present invention.For each ingredient of the present invention can mutually combine under the condition of not conflicting.
Claims (8)
1. the experimental provision of natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection, it is characterized in that comprising: triaxial cell, described triaxial cell comprises upper end cover, bottom end cover and cylindrical shell, the upper and lower two ends of cylindrical shell are provided with the seaming chuck and push-down head that are connected with hydraulic power unit by fluid pressure line, the fluid pressure line be wherein connected with seaming chuck is provided with the hydraulic valve hydrate sample synthesized being carried out to dynamic load control, seaming chuck and push-down head are also provided with the acoustic receiver device and the acoustic emission apparatus that described sample are carried out to vertical transverse wave testing respectively, push-down head is also provided with the resistivity measurement device described sample being carried out to resistivity measurement,
In hydraulic control pipeline, the flow of hydraulic oil and direction realize the vibration of described seaming chuck, by the vibration realizing of seaming chuck to the dynamic load of described synthesized hydrate sample;
Seaming chuck is connected by piston seal with upper end cover and passes upper end cover and extend in cylindrical shell.
2. adopt experimental provision according to claim 1 to natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection experimental technique, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Steps A: synthesized hydrate sample;
Step B: dynamic load is carried out to the hydrate sample of described synthesis, and carry out sound wave and electrology characteristic test, until sample shear failure simultaneously.
3. natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection experimental technique as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described step B comprises:
Step B1: the hydrate sample of described synthesis is placed in triaxial cell;
Step B2: in hydraulic control pipeline, the flow of hydraulic oil and direction realize the vibration of described seaming chuck, by the vibration realizing of seaming chuck to the dynamic load of described synthesized hydrate sample, by the resistivity measurement device on the acoustic receiver device on seaming chuck and push-down head and acoustic emission apparatus and push-down head, sound wave and electrology characteristic test are carried out to sample simultaneously.
4. natural gas hydrate deposits thing dynamic triaxial mechanics-electricity-acoustics synchronism detection experimental technique as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described step B2 specifically comprises:
Step B21: described experimental provision also comprises industrial computer, sets the waveform of described seaming chuck vibration in industrial computer;
Step B22: described industrial computer is arranged on opening direction and the aperture of the hydraulic valve on fluid pressure line, with this simulated earthquake, eustasy and artificial disturbance according to selected Waveform Control.
5. the experimental technique according to any one of claim 2 to 4, is characterized in that, described step B is specially: carrying out testing dynamic mechanics parameter in dynamic load process to the hydrate sample of described synthesis: elastic modulus E
dwith dynamic Poisson's ratio μ
d, by acoustic receiver device and acoustic emission apparatus, longitudinal wave velocity V is carried out to hydrate sample
pwith transverse wave speed V
smeasure, by the dynamic modulus E obtained
dwith dynamic Poisson's ratio μ
d, and by V that synchronous resistivity and sonic test obtain
pand V
sutilize matching homing method to set up mapping relations between above-mentioned mechanics parameter and velocity of wave respectively, obtain E
dwith V
p, V
srelation and μ
dwith V
p, V
srelation.
6. experimental technique as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the resistivity R that resistivity measurement obtains is used for calculated hydration thing saturation degree S
h, by the longitudinal wave velocity V that the hydrate concentration calculated and acoustic measurement obtain
pwith transverse wave speed V
sassociate respectively, obtain the mapping relations between velocity of wave and hydrate concentration.
7. experimental technique as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, by the mapping relations between the mechanics parameter that obtains and velocity of wave and the mapping relations between velocity of wave and hydrate concentration, sets up the funtcional relationship between mechanics parameter and hydrate concentration.
8. experimental technique as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that,
in formula, v
ρ, v
sfor compressional wave and transverse wave speed; ρ is sediment density; A, b, c, d, e are the coefficient that experimental result simulates, and utilize Multiple Regression Analysis Method determination coefficient a, b, c, d, e.
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