CN109342231B - Electrochemical improvement-based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device and method - Google Patents
Electrochemical improvement-based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0236—Other environments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Immunology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device and a method thereof based on electrochemical improvement.A soil body is electrolyzed by arranging electrodes at the upper end and the lower end of a shearing box, so that the cation replacement in the soil body is realized, the improvement on the water absorption of the soil body is realized, the specific gravity of combined water and free water is changed, and a basis is provided for researching the change rule of the soil body water absorption and the mechanical property of the soil body under freeze thawing circulation; a condenser pipe is designed at the top of the shearing box to circulate constant-temperature liquid for temperature exchange, single-end freezing and thawing simulation of a soil sample is achieved, a moisture content probe is arranged in a soil body, the moisture content change of the soil body can be tested when the soil body is frozen, and water migration is researched. Through the design of annular shear box, can realize the circulation shearing, avoided the circulation to subtract the problem of middle-sized hourglass soil to the realization is to soil body shear strength under the freeze-thaw cycle condition, dynamic characteristic's test and the research of change law, and the device structural design is ingenious, and it is convenient to implement, has higher practical value and spreading value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical tests, in particular to a seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device and method based on electrochemical improvement.
Background
The freeze-thaw cycle can significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of some special unsaturated cohesive soils, such as expansive soil, loess, and the like. In engineering practice, mechanical characteristics and structural characteristics of soil body of the soil under freeze-thaw cycles need to be researched frequently, and research results of the research are particularly important for analyzing and improving viscous geotechnical characteristics.
However, in the prior art:
(1) the improvement mode aiming at the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil body mainly comprises the soil body, a geosynthetic material and a soil body strengthening agent, wherein the latter principle is that cations in the curing agent can replace original hydrophilic cations in a clay mineral layer into hydrophobic cations so as to reduce the proportion of combined water in the soil body, so that the soil body is more effectively solidified, the stability of the soil body is improved after freeze-thaw circulation, but the original cations in the soil body cannot be effectively replaced by directly adding the cationic curing agent;
(2) in the shear strength test aiming at the soil body, the main methods comprise a direct shear test and a triaxial shear test, and the two test methods can not directly test the shear strength of the soil body under the action of freeze-thaw cycle and can not simulate and research the change of the internal mechanical property and the structural property of the soil body aiming at the specific environment of the freeze-thaw cycle;
(3) the test device for simulating the freeze-thaw cycle of the soil body adopts the positive and negative temperature freeze-thaw cycle box to regulate and control the temperature of the sample, and in the process of the freeze-thaw cycle, stress can not be applied to the soil body, namely the freeze-thaw cycle is finished in a stress-free state, so that the test device is seriously inconsistent with the stress state of the soil body in the practical engineering, and can not study the mechanical property change of the soil body in the process of the freeze-thaw cycle under different stress states.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing soil physical mechanical characteristic improvement mode and the defects in the soil shear strength test are overcome, the seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical test device and the method based on electrochemical improvement are provided, and a test scheme which is easy to operate and accurate in control is provided for researching the improvement of electrochemistry on unsaturated cohesive soil and the change of the soil shear strength parameters under the influence of freeze-thaw cycles.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a comprehensive mechanics testing arrangement of seasonally frozen soil based on electrochemistry improvement, includes shear system, electrolysis system, temperature control system, stress application system and stress strain monitoring system, and is specific:
the shearing system comprises a base and a steel frame arranged on the base, wherein a shaft pressure loading plate is arranged at the top of the steel frame and is connected with the steel frame through a shaft pressure bolt; the base is provided with a cylindrical shearing box, the top of the shearing box is provided with an end cover, a soil sample is arranged in the shearing box, the shearing box comprises an upper section shearing box, a middle section shearing box and a lower section shearing box, the three sections of shearing boxes are designed in an independent structure, and all the sections of shearing boxes are contacted; the upper section shearing box and the lower section shearing box are respectively and correspondingly fixedly connected with the steel frame through a first rigid tentacle and a second rigid tentacle, and the middle section shearing box is connected with a variable frequency motor to realize reciprocating shearing movement;
the electrolysis system comprises a variable voltage power supply, an electrolyte circulation end, an anode electrode arranged on the upper part of the soil sample and a cathode electrode arranged on the lower part of the soil sample, wherein the anode electrode is connected with the anode of the variable voltage power supply, the cathode electrode is connected with the cathode of the variable voltage power supply, different voltages can be set according to needs, the anode generates an oxidation reaction when electrified, and the cathode generates a reduction reaction; the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are both made of graphite materials and are of double-layer structures, an anode ion exchange tube is arranged in a middle interlayer of the anode electrode, a cathode ion exchange tube is arranged in a middle interlayer of the cathode electrode, the anode ion exchange tube and the cathode ion exchange tube are both connected with an electrolyte circulating end, the anode ion exchange tube and the cathode ion exchange tube are connected through a cation concentration testing tube, the cation concentration testing tube is a U-shaped tube, a semipermeable membrane (only water molecules are allowed to pass through and solutes are not allowed to pass through) is arranged in the U-shaped tube, and the semipermeable membrane is deviated to the end with lower concentration in the electrolysis process so as to judge the electrolysis degree;
the temperature control system comprises a water bath device and a condenser pipe arranged in an end cover at the top of the shearing box, the condenser pipe is connected with the water bath device through a condensate liquid input pipe and a condensate liquid output pipe and forms a circulation loop, the water bath device inputs constant temperature liquid into the condenser pipe through the condensate liquid input pipe according to set temperature so as to realize the regulation and control of the temperature of the soil sample, the constant temperature liquid flows back to the water bath device through the condensate liquid output pipe after flowing through the condenser pipe, and the freeze-thaw cycle simulation of the soil sample is realized by setting the target temperature and time of the temperature control system of the water bath device;
the stress applying system comprises a shaft pressure loading plate, a shaft pressure bolt and a spring assembly; the spring assembly is arranged between the axial pressure loading plate and the shearing box, and normal constant-stiffness loading provided by the spring assembly is realized by adjusting the axial pressure bolt;
the stress-strain system comprises a pressure digital display device, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a third pressure sensor, wherein the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor are all connected with the pressure digital display device, the first pressure sensor is arranged between the spring assembly and the shearing box, the second pressure sensor is arranged between the first rigid tentacle and the steel frame, the third pressure sensor is arranged between the second rigid tentacle and the steel frame, the middle shearing box generates rotary displacement in the shearing process and can drive the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box to rotate together, the first rigid tentacle of the upper shearing box is fixedly connected with the steel frame, the displacement deformation of the upper shearing box is limited, the second rigid tentacle of the lower shearing box is fixedly connected with the steel frame, and the displacement deformation of the lower shearing box is limited, the axial pressure detected by the first pressure sensor and the data detected and collected by the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor are transmitted to the pressure digital display device in real time for observing and recording the data.
Furthermore, the variable frequency motor is electrically connected with a motor numerical control display system, an output shaft of the variable frequency motor is connected with a gear, a toothed ring is arranged along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the middle section shearing box, the toothed ring is meshed with the gear, and the middle section shearing box is driven by the variable frequency motor to carry out reciprocating shearing movement at different speeds.
Furthermore, for preventing the soil sample from following up when shearing, a vertical baffle is further arranged on the inner wall of the shearing box to prevent the soil body and the shearing box from generating relative displacement, so that the soil body can be consistent with the displacement condition of the shearing box when the shearing box generates displacement, and the phenomenon that the soil body and the shearing box generate relative displacement and generate errors due to the fact that the shearing box adopts a circular design is avoided.
Further, the anode ion exchange tube and the cathode ion exchange tube are designed in an inner-outer double-layer structure, the inner layer is a fiber reinforced amphoteric ion exchange membrane, ions are only allowed to enter and exit, moisture migration in the test process is avoided, the outer layer is a porous platinum tube, the porous platinum tube can effectively prevent a pipeline from being flattened, ion exchange can be effectively guaranteed due to the design of small holes in the side wall, the platinum stability is high, and electric corrosion can be effectively avoided.
Further, be provided with the transparent window of ya keli material on the lateral wall of middle section shear box, the outside of transparent window is provided with the electronic speculum, and the electronic speculum setting can reciprocate in the outside of middle section shear box and realize the shooting to the shear plane, and the change of shear plane when the record is cuted, through the grand microscopical change condition of follow-up data processing analysis shear plane.
Furthermore, the anode ion exchange tube and the cathode ion exchange tube are designed in a spiral structure so as to increase the contact area with soil body ion exchange.
Furthermore, the vertical baffle is a cross-shaped baffle and is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shearing box, a water content probe is arranged in the vertical baffle, the water content probe is connected with a water content digital display device, and the water content of the soil is determined by measuring the resonance frequency of the soil body.
Furthermore, the electrolyte circulating end comprises a circulating salt solution end and a circulating deionized water end, the circulating salt solution end is connected with the anode ion exchange tube, and the circulating deionized water end is connected with the cathode ion exchange tube.
Further, a displacement sensor is further arranged on the lower surface of the axial compression loading plate, and the displacement sensor adopts a laser displacement sensor to detect axial displacement in real time.
The invention also provides a test method of the seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical test device based on electrochemical improvement, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the soil body configured according to the designed water content in a shearing box in a layering manner, and compacting layer by layer; controlling the compaction degree (the ratio of the sample preparation dry density to the maximum dry density is the compaction degree) through the dry density, and scraping hair between soil bodies of all layers to avoid soil body layering;
(2) the reading of the first pressure sensor is observed by screwing the axial pressure bolt until the reading of the first pressure sensor reaches the set axial pressure, so that the whole electrolytic freeze-thaw cycle process and the shearing process are ensured to be finished under normal rigidity;
(3) determining cations to be replaced according to the early determination of the mineral components of the soil body, selecting a salt solution and determining the concentration of the salt solution; salt solution with determined concentration is introduced into the anode ion exchange tube, and deionized water is introduced into the cathode ion exchange tube;
(4) setting the voltage of a variable voltage power supply, starting electrolysis, observing a cation concentration test tube, and when a semi-permeable membrane deviates from the cathode ion exchange tube side to the anode ion exchange tube side, indicating that cations are migrated to an anode after electrolysis, so as to prove that the cations in the soil body are completely replaced, so as to carry out the next test;
(5) a condenser pipe arranged in the top of the shearing box is connected with a water bath device, freezing and melting of the soil sample are realized by setting the temperature of the water bath, the temperature is transmitted from the top surface of the soil sample to the bottom, and the temperature is transmitted to the inside of a soil layer from the ground surface in a simulated natural state;
(6) soil sample begins to cool down or intensifies from top to bottom, and along with the decline or the rising of temperature, the inside moisture migration that can take place of soil sample, and then cooperates moisture content digital display device through built-in moisture content probe in the vertical baffle, confirms soil moisture content through the resonant frequency of measuring the soil body:
wherein F is the water content, L is the inductance of the oscillator, C is the soil capacitance, C is the water contentbIs the capacitance associated with the instrument;
(7) after the soil sample is subjected to the set number of freeze-thaw cycles, shearing force is applied to the soil sample by setting the rotation frequency, the rotation direction, the rotation amplitude and the rotation period of the variable frequency motor, the magnitude of the shearing force applied to the upper shearing surface and the magnitude of the shearing force applied to the lower shearing surface are respectively and correspondingly measured by the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor, and then the shearing stress tau applied to the soil sample can be obtained as T ═ T ÷ pi r2Wherein T is the shear force at the shear plane;
(8) the method comprises the steps that the axial force change of a soil sample in the shearing process is measured in real time by a first pressure sensor, the axial displacement (strain) change is measured in real time by a displacement sensor, a shearing displacement curve of the soil sample is drawn by combining the shearing displacement (strain) and the shearing stress in the shearing process, the cohesive force and damping ratio of the soil sample are measured, a hysteresis curve of the sample under cyclic shearing is further obtained, and the dynamic modulus and the damping ratio of the sample are calculated;
(9) in the shearing process of the soil sample, observing the macroscopic change condition of the shearing surface through an acrylic window, shooting the shearing surface by installing an electron microscope at the outer side of the acrylic window, processing the obtained image, obtaining a continuous speckle image in the deformation process of a target object through shooting, and measuring the similarity degree of a reference sub-area and a target sub-area by adopting a correlation index on the basis of a gray matching algorithm so as to obtain the displacement and deformation of the measured target.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the testing device and the testing method can carry out indoor experimental research on the treatment mode of the electrochemical improved seasonal frozen soil, can realize chemical replacement of original cations of the soil body by arranging different electrodes at two ends of the soil body and circulating different electrolytes, and can visually compare the change conditions of the concentrations of the cations around the cathode and the anode of the soil body from the cation concentration testing tube; by the design of a temperature control system, freeze-thaw cycle and shear coupling tests can be realized, repeated disassembly and assembly of a sample are avoided, and the influence on a soil body structure is avoided;
the vertical spring is adopted to provide normal constant-stiffness loading, so that a cyclic shear test under constant stiffness can be realized, stress can be applied during freeze-thaw cycling, and the problem that the freeze-thaw cycling of traditional test equipment under the stress-free condition does not meet the actual engineering condition is solved; the baffle is arranged in the shearing box, so that the soil body and the shearing box can be prevented from generating relative displacement, the test effect is ensured, the water content probe is arranged in the rigid baffle, the soil water rate is accurately measured by measuring the resonance frequency of the soil body, and the technical support is provided for researching the water migration in the soil under the action of freeze thawing circulation;
the circular shear box can realize the circular shearing of the sample, the dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio corresponding to the circular shear box can be obtained by setting the shear frequency and the amplitude, the research on the dynamic shear characteristics of the soil body is greatly facilitated, the problem that the soil leaks in the shearing process of the traditional shear equipment is successfully solved by adopting the design of the circular shear box, an observation window is designed on the shear surface, the change of the shear surface during the shearing can be recorded, and the macro-micro change condition of the shear surface is analyzed through subsequent data processing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the condenser tube according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a vertical baffle plate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic layout view of a cathode ion exchange tube according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cathode motor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
wherein, 1-displacement sensor; 2-a spring assembly; 3-a steel frame; 4-a condenser pipe; 5, a vertical baffle; 6, cutting the box; 7-an acrylic window; 8-cation concentration test tube; 9-cathode cation exchange tube; 10-a cathode electrode; 11-a second rigid tentacle; 12-electrolyte circulation end; 13-a variable voltage power supply; 14-an anode electrode; 15-anode ion exchange tube; 16-axial compression bolt; 17 — a first pressure sensor; 18-condensate inlet pipe; 19-a first rigid tentacle; 20-condensate outlet pipe; 21-electron microscope; 22-pressure digital display device; 23-a water bath device; 24-variable frequency motor; 25-moisture content probe; 26, a motor digital display control system; 27-a base; and 28, axially pressing the loading plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
the shearing system comprises a base 27 and a steel frame 3 arranged on the base 27, wherein a shaft pressure loading plate 28 is arranged at the top of the steel frame 3, and the shaft pressure loading plate 28 is connected with the steel frame 3 through a shaft pressure bolt 16; a cylindrical shear box 6 is arranged on the base 27, an end cover is arranged at the top of the shear box 6, a soil sample is arranged in the shear box 6, the shear box 6 comprises an upper shear box, a middle shear box and a lower shear box, the three shear boxes are designed in an independent structure, and all the shear boxes are in contact; the upper section shearing box and the lower section shearing box are respectively and correspondingly fixedly connected with the steel frame 3 through a first rigid tentacle 19 and a second rigid tentacle 11, the middle section shearing box is connected with a variable frequency motor 24, the variable frequency motor 24 is electrically connected with a motor numerical control display system 26, an output shaft of the variable frequency motor 24 is connected with a gear, a toothed ring is arranged along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the middle section shearing box, and the toothed ring is meshed with the gear to realize reciprocating shearing movement; in the shearing process, the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are fixed, and the variable frequency motor 24 drives the shearing box 6 to do reciprocating shearing movement with different speeds (the speed range is 0.15 mm/min-15 mm/min);
the electrolysis system comprises a variable voltage power supply 13, an electrolyte circulation end 12, an anode electrode 14 arranged on the upper part of the soil sample and a cathode electrode 10 arranged on the lower part of the soil sample, wherein the anode electrode 14 is connected with the anode of the variable voltage power supply 13, the cathode electrode 10 is connected with the cathode of the variable voltage power supply 13, different voltages can be set according to requirements, the anode generates an oxidation reaction when the electrolysis system is electrified, and the cathode generates a reduction reaction; as shown in fig. 5, the anode electrode 14 and the cathode electrode 10 are both made of graphite, and the anode electrode 14 and the cathode electrode 10 are both of a double-layer structure, an anode ion exchange tube 15 is arranged in the interlayer of the anode electrode 14, and a cathode ion exchange tube 9 is arranged in the interlayer of the cathode electrode 10, as shown in fig. 4, the anode ion exchange tube 15 and the cathode ion exchange tube 9 are designed in a spiral structure to increase the contact area with the soil body ion exchange. The electrolyte circulation end 12 comprises a circulation salt solution end and a circulation deionized water end, the circulation salt solution end is connected with the anode ion exchange tube 15, the circulation deionized water end is connected with the cathode ion exchange tube 9, the anode ion exchange tube 15 and the cathode ion exchange tube 9 are connected through a cation concentration test tube 8, the cation concentration test tube 8 is a U-shaped tube, a semipermeable membrane (only allowing water molecules to pass through but not allowing solutes to pass through) is arranged in the U-shaped tube, and the semipermeable membrane is deviated to the end with lower concentration in the electrolysis process to judge the electrolysis degree;
the temperature control system comprises a water bath device 23 and a condensation pipe 4 arranged in an end cover at the top of the shearing box 6, the condensation pipe 4 is connected with the water bath device through a condensate input pipe 18 and a condensate output pipe 20 and forms a circulation loop, the water bath device 23 inputs constant temperature liquid into the condensation pipe 4 through the condensate input pipe 18 according to set temperature so as to realize the regulation and control of the temperature of the soil sample, the constant temperature liquid flows back to the water bath device 23 through the condensate output pipe 20 after flowing through the condensation pipe 4, the freezing and thawing cycle simulation of the soil sample is realized by setting the target temperature and time of a temperature control system of the water bath device 23, and the condensation pipes are arranged in an S shape as shown in figure 2;
the stress applying system comprises an axial compression loading plate 28, an axial compression bolt 16 and a spring assembly 2; the spring assembly 2 is arranged between the axial pressure loading plate 28 and the shearing box 6, normal constant stiffness loading is provided by the spring assembly 2 by adjusting the axial pressure bolt 16, the stiffness coefficient k is 50kPa/mm, the lower surface of the axial pressure loading plate 28 is also provided with a displacement sensor 1, and the displacement sensor 1 adopts a laser displacement sensor to detect axial displacement in real time;
the stress strain system comprises a pressure digital display device 22, a first pressure sensor 17, a second pressure sensor and a third pressure sensor, wherein the first pressure sensor 17, the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor are all connected with the pressure digital display device 22, the first pressure sensor 17 is arranged between the spring assembly 2 and the shearing box 6, the second pressure sensor is arranged between the first rigid tentacle 19 and the steel frame 3, the third pressure sensor is arranged between the second rigid tentacle 11 and the steel frame 3, the middle shearing box generates rotational displacement in the shearing process and can drive the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box to rotate together, the first rigid tentacle 19 of the upper shearing box is fixedly connected with the steel frame 3, the displacement deformation of the upper shearing box is limited, and the second rigid tentacle 11 of the lower shearing box is fixedly connected with the steel frame 3, the displacement deformation of the lower section of the shearing box is limited, and the axial pressure detected by the first pressure sensor and the data detected and collected by the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor are transmitted to the pressure digital display device 22 in real time for data observation and recording.
For the soil sample follow-up when preventing to cut, still be provided with vertical baffle 5 on the inner wall of shearing box 6 to prevent that the soil body and shearing box 6 from producing relative displacement, can ensure when the shearing box produces the displacement, the soil body can be unanimous with the shearing box displacement condition, avoid making the soil body and shearing box produce relative displacement because the shearing box has adopted circular shape design, produce the error, as shown in figure 3, vertical baffle 5 is the cross baffle, with the inner wall fixed connection of shearing box 6, and at the built-in moisture content probe 25 of vertical baffle 5, the moisture content probe links to each other with a moisture content digital display device, confirms soil moisture content through the resonant frequency of measuring the soil body.
In this embodiment, positive pole ion exchange tube 15 and negative pole ion exchange tube 9 adopt inside and outside bilayer structure design, and the inlayer is fibre reinforcing zwitterion exchange membrane, only allows the ion business turn over, avoids the migration of moisture among the test process, and the skin is porous platinum pipe, and porous platinum pipe can prevent effectively that the pipeline from being flattened, and the design of aperture on the lateral wall can effectively guarantee ion exchange moreover, and platinum stability is high, can effectively avoid the galvanic corrosion.
In addition, be provided with the transparent window 7 of ya keli material on the lateral wall of middle section shear box, the outside of transparent window 7 is provided with electron microscope 21, and electron microscope 21 sets up in the outside of middle section shear box, can reciprocate and realize the shooting to the shear plane, and the change of shear plane when the record is cuted, through the macro-micro change condition of follow-up data processing analysis shear plane.
According to the scheme of the embodiment, the soil body is electrolyzed by arranging the electrodes at the upper end and the lower end of the shearing box, so that the displacement of cations in the soil body is realized, the improvement of the water absorption of the soil body is realized, the specific gravity of the combined water and the free water is changed, and a basis is provided for researching the water absorption of the soil body and the change rule of the mechanical property of the soil body under the freeze-thaw cycle; a condenser pipe is designed at the top of the shearing box to circulate constant-temperature liquid for temperature exchange, single-end freezing and thawing simulation of a soil sample is achieved, a moisture content probe is arranged in a soil body, the moisture content change of the soil body can be tested when the soil body is frozen, and water migration is researched. Through the design of annular shear box, can realize the circulation shearing, avoided the circulation to subtract the problem of middle-sized hourglass soil to the realization is to soil body shear strength under the freeze-thaw cycle condition, dynamic characteristic's test and the research of change law, and the device structural design is ingenious, and it is convenient to implement, has higher practical value and spreading value.
(1) placing the soil body configured according to the designed water content in a shearing box 6 in a layering manner, and compacting layer by layer; controlling the compaction degree through the dry density, wherein the ratio of the sample preparation dry density to the maximum dry density is the compaction degree, and scraping between soil bodies of all layers to avoid soil body layering;
(2) the reading of the first pressure sensor is observed by screwing the axial pressure bolt 16 until the reading of the first pressure sensor reaches the set axial pressure, so that the whole electrolytic freeze-thaw cycle process and the shearing process are ensured to be finished under normal rigidity;
(3) determining cations to be replaced according to the early determination of the mineral components of the soil body, selecting a salt solution and determining the concentration of the salt solution; salt solution with determined concentration is introduced into the anode ion exchange tube 15, and deionized water is introduced into the cathode ion exchange tube 9;
(4) setting the voltage of a variable voltage power supply 13, starting electrolysis, observing a cation concentration test tube 8, and when a semipermeable membrane deviates from the cathode ion exchange tube side to the anode ion exchange tube side, indicating that cations are migrated to an anode after electrolysis, so as to prove that the cations in the soil have been replaced, so as to carry out the next test;
(5) the condenser pipe 4 arranged in the top of the shearing box 6 is connected with the water bath device 23, freezing and melting of the soil sample are realized by setting the water bath temperature, the temperature is transmitted from the top surface of the soil sample to the bottom, and the temperature is transmitted to the inside of a soil layer from the ground surface in a simulated natural state;
(6) the soil sample begins to cool down or heat up from top to bottom, and along with the decline or the rising of temperature, the inside moisture migration that can take place of soil sample, and then through built-in moisture content probe 25 in vertical baffle 5 to cooperation moisture content digital display device determines soil moisture content through the resonant frequency of measuring the soil body:
wherein F is the water content, L is the inductance of the oscillator, C is the soil capacitance, C is the water contentbIs the capacitance associated with the instrument;
(7) after the soil sample is subjected to the set number of freeze-thaw cycles, the rotation frequency, the rotation direction and the rotation of the variable frequency motor 24 are setThe shearing force is applied to the soil sample by the dynamic amplitude and the rotation period, the magnitude of the shearing force applied to the upper shearing surface and the lower shearing surface is respectively and correspondingly measured by the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor, and then the shearing stress tau which the soil sample is applied to is obtained2Wherein T is the shear force at the shear plane;
(8) the method comprises the steps that the axial force change of a soil sample in the shearing process is measured in real time by a first pressure sensor 17, the axial displacement (strain) change is measured in real time by a displacement sensor 1, a shearing displacement curve of the soil sample is drawn by combining the shearing displacement (strain) and the shearing stress in the shearing process, the cohesive force and the damping ratio of the soil sample are measured, a hysteresis curve of the sample under cyclic shearing is further obtained, and the dynamic modulus and the damping ratio of the sample are calculated;
(9) in the shearing process of the soil sample, observing the macroscopic change condition of the shearing surface through the acrylic window 7, installing the electron microscope 21 on the outer side of the acrylic window 7, shooting the shearing surface, processing the obtained image, obtaining a continuous speckle image in the deformation process of the target object through shooting, and measuring the similarity degree of a reference sub-area and a target sub-area by adopting a correlation index on the basis of a gray matching algorithm so as to obtain the displacement and deformation of the measured target.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The electrochemical improvement-based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device is characterized by comprising a shearing system, an electrolysis system, a temperature control system, a stress applying system and a stress strain monitoring system;
the shearing system comprises a base (27) and a steel frame (3) arranged on the base (27), wherein a shaft compression loading plate (28) is arranged at the top of the steel frame (3), and the shaft compression loading plate (28) is connected with the steel frame (3) through a shaft compression bolt (16); a cylindrical shearing box (6) is arranged on the base (27), an end cover is arranged at the top of the shearing box (6), a soil sample is arranged in the shearing box (6), and the shearing box (6) comprises an upper section of shearing box, a middle section of shearing box and a lower section of shearing box; the upper section shearing box and the lower section shearing box are respectively and correspondingly fixedly connected with the steel frame (3) through a first rigid tentacle (19) and a second rigid tentacle (11), and the middle section shearing box is connected with a variable frequency motor (24) to realize reciprocating shearing movement;
the electrolysis system comprises a variable voltage power supply (13), an electrolyte circulation end (12), an anode electrode (14) arranged on the upper part of the soil sample and a cathode electrode (10) arranged on the lower part of the soil sample, wherein the anode electrode (14) is connected with the positive pole of the variable voltage power supply (13), and the cathode electrode (10) is connected with the negative pole of the variable voltage power supply (13); the anode electrode (14) and the cathode electrode (10) are both made of graphite materials, the anode electrode (14) and the cathode electrode (10) are both of a double-layer structure, an anode ion exchange tube (15) is arranged in a middle interlayer of the anode electrode (14), a cathode ion exchange tube (9) is arranged in a middle interlayer of the cathode electrode (10), the anode ion exchange tube (15) and the cathode ion exchange tube (9) are both connected with an electrolyte circulation end (12), the anode ion exchange tube (15) and the cathode ion exchange tube (9) are connected through a cation concentration testing tube (8), the cation concentration testing tube (8) is a U-shaped tube, and a semipermeable membrane is arranged in the U-shaped tube to judge the electrolysis degree;
the temperature control system comprises a water bath device (23) and a condensation pipe (4) arranged in an end cover at the top of the shearing box (6), wherein the condensation pipe (4) is connected with the water bath device through a condensate input pipe (18) and a condensate output pipe (20) to form a circulation loop;
the stress applying system comprises a shaft pressure loading plate, a shaft pressure bolt (16) and a spring assembly (2); the spring assembly (2) is arranged between the axial pressure loading plate (28) and the shearing box (6), and normal constant stiffness loading provided by the spring assembly (2) is realized by adjusting the axial pressure bolt (16);
stress strain monitoring system includes pressure digital display device (22), first pressure sensor, second pressure sensor and third pressure sensor, and first pressure sensor, second pressure sensor and third pressure sensor all link to each other with pressure digital display device, first pressure sensor sets up between spring assembly (2) and shearing box (6), and second pressure sensor sets up between first rigidity tentacle (19) and steel frame (3), and third pressure sensor sets up between second rigidity tentacle (11) and steel frame (3).
2. The electrochemical improvement based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the variable frequency motor (24) is electrically connected with a motor numerical control display system (26), an output shaft of the variable frequency motor (24) is connected with a gear, a toothed ring is arranged along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the middle section shearing box, the toothed ring is meshed with the gear, and the middle section shearing box is driven by the variable frequency motor (24) to carry out reciprocating shearing movement at different speeds.
3. The electrochemical improvement based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device according to claim 2, wherein: the inner wall of the shearing box (6) is also provided with a vertical baffle (5) to prevent the soil body and the shearing box (6) from generating relative displacement.
4. The electrochemical improvement based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device according to claim 3, wherein: the anode ion exchange tube (15) and the cathode ion exchange tube (9) are designed in an internal and external double-layer structure, and the inner layer is a fiber reinforced amphoteric ion exchange membrane.
5. The electrochemical improvement based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device according to claim 4, wherein: the side wall of the middle section shearing box is provided with a transparent window (7) made of acrylic materials, and the outer side of the transparent window (7) is provided with an electron microscope (21).
6. The electrochemical improvement based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device according to claim 5, wherein: the anode ion exchange tube (15) and the cathode ion exchange tube (9) are designed by adopting a spiral structure.
7. The electrochemical improvement based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device according to claim 3, wherein: vertical baffle (5) are the cross baffle, with the inner wall fixed connection of shearing box (6), and at vertical baffle (5) built-in moisture content probe (25), moisture content probe (25) link to each other with a moisture content digital display device.
8. The electrochemical improvement based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device according to claim 7, wherein: the electrolyte circulating end (12) comprises a circulating salt solution end and a circulating deionized water end, the circulating salt solution end is connected with the anode ion exchange tube (15), and the circulating deionized water end is connected with the cathode ion exchange tube (9).
9. The electrochemical improvement based seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical testing device according to claim 8, wherein: and a displacement sensor (1) is further arranged on the lower surface of the axial compression loading plate (28), and the displacement sensor is a laser displacement sensor.
10. The test method based on the electrochemical improved seasonal frozen soil comprehensive mechanical test device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) placing the soil body prepared according to the designed water content in a shearing box (6) in layers, and compacting layer by layer; the compaction degree is controlled through the dry density, and the soil bodies of all layers are scraped to avoid layering of the soil bodies;
(2) the reading of the first pressure sensor is observed by screwing the axial pressure bolt (16) until the reading of the first pressure sensor reaches the set axial pressure, so that the whole electrolytic freeze-thaw cycle process and the shearing process are ensured to be finished under normal rigidity;
(3) determining cations to be replaced according to the early determination of the mineral components of the soil body, selecting a salt solution and determining the concentration of the salt solution; salt solution with determined concentration is introduced into the anode ion exchange tube (15), and deionized water is introduced into the cathode ion exchange tube (9);
(4) setting the voltage of a variable voltage power supply (13), starting electrolysis, observing a cation concentration test tube (8), and when a semipermeable membrane deviates from the cathode ion exchange tube side to the anode ion exchange tube side, indicating that cations are migrated to an anode after electrolysis, so as to prove that the cations in the soil body are completely replaced, so as to carry out the next test;
(5) the condenser pipe (4) arranged in the top of the shearing box (6) is connected with the water bath device (23), freezing and melting of the soil sample are realized by setting the water bath temperature, the temperature is transmitted from the top surface of the soil sample to the bottom, and the temperature is transmitted to the inside of the soil layer from the earth surface under the simulated natural state;
(6) the soil sample begins to cool down or heat up from top to bottom, and along with the decline or the rising of temperature, the inside moisture migration that can take place of soil sample, and then cooperates moisture content digital display device through built-in moisture content probe (25) in vertical baffle (5), confirms soil moisture content through the resonant frequency who measures the soil body:
wherein F is the water content, L is the inductance of the oscillator, C is the soil capacitance, C is the water contentbIs the capacitance associated with the instrument;
(7) after the soil sample is subjected to the set freeze-thaw cycle times, shearing force is applied to the soil sample by setting the rotation frequency, the rotation direction, the rotation amplitude and the rotation period of the variable frequency motor (24), the shearing force applied to the upper shearing surface and the lower shearing surface is measured by the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor correspondingly, and then the shearing stress applied to the soil sample is obtained2Wherein T is the shear force at the shear plane;
(8) the axial force change of the soil sample in the shearing process is measured in real time by the first pressure sensor (17), the axial displacement change is measured in real time by the displacement sensor (1), a shearing displacement curve of the soil sample is drawn by combining the shearing displacement and the shearing stress in the shearing process, the cohesive force and damping ratio of the soil sample are measured, a hysteresis curve of the sample under cyclic shearing is further obtained, and the dynamic modulus and damping ratio of the sample are calculated;
(9) in the shearing process of the soil sample, the shear surface macroscopic change condition is observed through the transparent window (7), the electron microscope (21) is installed on the outer side of the transparent window (7), the shear surface is shot, the obtained image is processed, continuous speckle images in the deformation process of the target object are obtained through shooting, on the basis of the gray level matching algorithm, the similarity degree of a reference sub-area and a target sub-area is measured by adopting a correlation index, and therefore the displacement and the deformation of the measured target are obtained.
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