CN109613119A - A kind of acoustic-electric seeps quasi- triaxial cell and the test method of comprehensive monitoring - Google Patents
A kind of acoustic-electric seeps quasi- triaxial cell and the test method of comprehensive monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109613119A CN109613119A CN201910025755.XA CN201910025755A CN109613119A CN 109613119 A CN109613119 A CN 109613119A CN 201910025755 A CN201910025755 A CN 201910025755A CN 109613119 A CN109613119 A CN 109613119A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses quasi- triaxial cell and test methods that a kind of acoustic-electric seeps comprehensive monitoring, it is related to rock mechanics technical field, including sealing device, axis pressure cylinder, confining pressure cylinder, displacement monitor, acoustic-electric monitoring device and seepage apparatus, sealing device includes axis pressure upper press cover, axis presses gland, sealing upper press cover, sealing lower cover and test body pedestal, it forms confined space and guarantees the leakproofness of device, axis pressure cylinder includes axis pressure piston, plunger, universal valve and strain gauge, can control shaft be pressed with effect transmitting, confining pressure cylinder includes pressure indoor, confining pressure entrance and confining pressure outlet, facilitate the monitoring and adjusting of confining pressure, displacement monitor includes Axial extensometer, radial extensometer and data collecting instrument, real-time monitoring change in displacement, acoustic-electric monitoring device includes sonic probe set, conductor and receiver, seepage apparatus includes water inlet pipe and goes out Water pipe realizes permeability monitoring, solves coal and rock seepage tests and monitor inaccurate technical problem, also have many advantages, such as easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock mechanics technical field, especially a kind of sound wave, conductivity and permeability comprehensive monitoring it is quasi-
Triaxial cell, and the method for carrying out rock mechanics experiment using pressure chamber.
Background technique
The principal element of the strength characteristic and Penetration Signature that influence coal and rock is joint fissure present in the coal and rock of crack
The defects of, and the research of coal and rock seepage characteristic occupies an important position in the application of various Geological Engineerings, such as water conservancy water
Electrical engineering, mining and petroleum works, nuclear waste storage engineering.The method of coal rock strength monitoring at present is broadly divided into sound wave monitoring
And monitored conductivity.Wherein, sound wave monitoring is anti-to Acoustic Wave Propagation waveform using material and its acoustical behavior difference principle of defect
The energy variation for penetrating situation and time of break-through carrys out experimental material internal flaw, sound wave monitoring have big detection thickness, high sensitivity,
Speed is fast, at low cost and harmless to sample, can be positioned to defect and quantitative feature.The conductivity of coal and rock characterizes
The ability of coal conduction electric current, the conduction property of coal and rock can be divided into two kinds: electronic conduction and ionic conduction.The electronics of coal and rock
Conduction is that the free electron in the base substance by group coal-forming is conductive；And ionic conduction is aqueous solution in the hole by coal
Ionic conduction.The variation of monitoring coal petrography bulk conductivity can reflect the variation inside coal and rock from side.Study coal and rock
Strength characteristic need to start with from physics, two aspect of chemistry, using sound wave and conductivity, monitoring is monitored sample simultaneously, can
To obtain more accurate delta data, the changing rule of rock sample intensity can be preferably analyzed.
Seepage flow mainly studies the seepage field of crack rock and is influenced relationship by ambient stress, and the anti-mistake of the variation of seepage field
Again to have an impact stress field, this referred to as stress seepage flow coupling that influences each other.Seepage field intercouples with stress field
An important research content in rock mass mechanics, in rock mass engineering project practice, joint deformation influences joint aperture and its seepage flow
Matter, so that the infiltration of coal and rock and deformation properties be made also to be changed.Therefore the seepage characteristic and pressure rings of coal and rock are studied
Organ damage under border is of great significance.And the seepage characteristic for reflecting sample that permeability quantifies from side, permeability are
Refer under certain pressure difference, the ability that coal and rock allows fluid from, is the parameter for characterizing coal and rock itself and conducting liquid ability.Its
The factors such as size and geometry, granular size and the orientation of hole on porosity, Liquid Penetrant direction are related, infiltration
Rate is used to indicate infiltrative size.The Penetration Signature for studying coal and rock is exactly to study the permeability of coal and rock, and permeability is examined
Survey is added to triaxial cell, and the permeability of detection coal and rock under stress has emphatically the Penetration Signature of research sample
Want meaning.For provide it is a kind of utilize sound wave monitoring rock sample intensity, while monitoring the conductivity and permeability of rock sample
Experimental rig, the present invention have done further improvement to existing triaxial cell and test method.
Summary of the invention
Cranny development, permeability and Conductivity Calculation inaccurate technical problem when to solve coal and rock triaxial test, this
Invention provide a kind of acoustic-electric seep comprehensive monitoring quasi- triaxial cell and test method, specific technical solution it is as follows.
A kind of acoustic-electric seeps the quasi- triaxial cell of comprehensive monitoring, including sealing device, axis pressure cylinder, confining pressure cylinder, displacement monitoring
Device, acoustic-electric monitoring device and seepage apparatus；The sealing device includes axis pressure upper press cover, axis pressure gland, sealing upper press cover, envelope
Glue lower cover and test body pedestal, the axis pressure cylinder include axis pressure cylinder body, axis pressure piston, plunger, universal valve and strain gauge,
The confining pressure cylinder includes pressure indoor, confining pressure entrance and confining pressure outlet, and the displacement monitor includes Axial extensometer, radially draws
Meter and data collecting instrument are stretched, the acoustic-electric monitoring device includes sonic probe, sonic probe set, conductor and receiver；It is described
The top of axis pressure cylinder is arranged in axis pressure upper press cover and axis pressure gland, and axis pressure upper press cover and axis pressure gland are coupled；The sealing
The lower section of pressure indoor is arranged in upper press cover and sealing lower cover, and sealing upper press cover and sealing lower cover are coupled；The axis pressure
Piston is arranged in axis pressure cylinder body, and the strain gauge is connected with axis pressure piston, and the plunger connection universal valve and stress pass
Sensor；It is connected between the plunger and sound wave probe sheath by universal valve；The pressure indoor, which is cylindrical in shape, is arranged in axis pressure cylinder body
Lower section is provided with confining pressure entrance and confining pressure outlet in pressure indoor；The Axial extensometer and radial extensometer are arranged in pressure indoor
It is interior；Sonic probe set is connected with conductor, and the conductor and receiver are separately positioned on the both ends of rock sample.
Preferably, axis pressure upper press cover and axis pressure gland and axis pressure cylinder are bolted sealing；Sealing upper press cover and envelope
Glue lower cover and pressure indoor are bolted sealing；Sealing is bolted between axis pressure cylinder and pressure indoor.
It may further be preferable that being provided with pressure transmission channel between pressure indoor and axis pressure cylinder body, test is provided in pressure indoor
Chamber.
It is also preferred that Axial extensometer connection sonic probe set and receiver, radial extensometer connect receiver and examination
Test the bolt on chamber；Data collecting instrument is connected with Axial extensometer and radial extensometer.
It is also preferred that sonic probe set is connected with sonic probe, sonic probe set and sonic probe are arranged in seaming chuck
It is interior；Conductor is arranged on rock sample, for conducted acoustic waves and conduction；Receiver is arranged in push-down head, for receiving sound
Wave and measurement conductivity.
It is also preferred that being provided with water inlet on sealing upper press cover, water inlet is fed the water under test cavity by water inlet pipe
End, outlet pipe joint test chamber upper end and water outlet, for measuring permeability.
It is still further preferred that test cavity is made using heat-shrink tube, test cavity both ends are provided with sealing ring.
A kind of test method of quasi- triaxial cell that being seeped comprehensive monitoring using acoustic-electric, is seeped comprehensive using a kind of above-mentioned acoustic-electric
The quasi- triaxial cell of monitoring is closed, test procedure includes:
Rock sample is placed on push-down head by step 1, is connected and fixed sonic probe set and plunger and is placed on rock
Above test specimen, adjustment seaming chuck compresses rock sample；
Step 2 blows heat test chamber in test cavity both ends fixed seal ring, using hair dryer, and guarantee test chamber is adjacent to rock
Test specimen；
Step 3 is integrally lifted axis pressure cylinder and pressure indoor, and Axial extensometer and radial extensometer is arranged, will be on test cavity
Bolt, which is screwed onto, is exactly in contact with rock sample；
Step 4 connection Axial extensometer and radial extensometer and data collecting instrument are filled the water from water inlet；
Step 5 integrally transfers axis pressure cylinder and pressure indoor, connects pressure indoor with sealing upper press cover, fixed sealing upper press cover
With sealing lower cover；
Step 6 applies axis pressure to the rock sample in test cavity by seaming chuck, through confining pressure entrance into pressure indoor
Hydraulic oil is injected, applies confining pressure and starts to test；
Step 7 opens sonic probe, and conductor powers on, and receiver receives acoustic signals measurement rock sample damage
Wound, receiver receive electric signal measurement conductivity；It is filled the water by water inlet, measures permeability；
Confining pressure outlet is opened in step 8 off-test, so that hydraulic oil is flowed back from the air blowing of confining pressure entrance, whole to be lifted axis pressure
Cylinder and pressure indoor dismantle rock sample and displacement monitor.
Preferably, receiver receive acoustic signals, according to the waveform of sound wave judge rock sample be in the stabilization sub stage or
Collapse stage；Permeability is calculated according to Darcy's law；According to Conductivity Calculation formula:
Wherein K is conductivity, ρ0For interstitial water resistivity,For porosity, snFor water saturation, a is proportionality coefficient；
Calculate conductivity.
The beneficial effect comprise that
(1) acoustic-electric provided by the invention seeps the quasi- triaxial cell of comprehensive monitoring, realizes different confining pressures and axis press strip part
The lower purpose for carrying out seepage tests, and conductivity is measured by acoustic-electric monitoring device and monitors the degree of impairment of rock sample,
To provide theoretical foundation for the coal petrography bulk damage under Study on Coal Seepage of Rock Masses feature and different ambient stresses.
(2) present invention ensure that the good air-tightness of pressure chamber structure by the way that sealing device is arranged, to facilitate carry out three
Axis compression test, guarantees the adjusting to rock sample confining pressure, and acoustic-electric monitoring device is capable of the damage feelings of real-time monitoring rock sample
Condition, so that confining pressure adjusting is more accurate, Axial extensometer and radial extensometer are supervised in real time for the design of pressure transmission channel and pressure indoor
Displacement size, and test error is reduced by plunger direct weighting.
(3) method tested using the quasi- triaxial cell that acoustic-electric seeps comprehensive monitoring, realizes different confining pressure conditions
The lower damage that rock sample is analyzed according to acoustic waveform makes test cavity using heat-shrink tube and realizes the sealing packet to rock sample
It wraps up in, while applying confining pressure in axis pressure chamber, permeability is tested in water flowing in test cavity, and the method achieve to Seepage Experiment and coal
The real time monitoring of rock mass organ damage, seepage flow and damage of rock provide the tool of theoretical research, in addition also have it is easy to operate,
The advantages that test accuracy is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is quasi- triaxial cell's structural schematic diagram that acoustic-electric seeps comprehensive monitoring；
Fig. 2 is quasi- triaxial cell's side structure schematic view that acoustic-electric seeps comprehensive monitoring；
Fig. 3 is the Section A-A schematic diagram of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the section B-B schematic diagram of Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is the waveform diagram of stabilization sub stage；
Fig. 6 is the waveform diagram of collapse stage；
In figure: 1- sealing device；11- axis presses upper press cover；12- axis presses gland；13- sealing upper press cover；14- sealing pushes
Lid；15- test body pedestal；2- axis pressure cylinder；21- axis pressure cylinder body；22- axis presses piston；23- plunger；24- universal valve；25- stress passes
Sensor；3- confining pressure cylinder；31- pressure indoor；32- confining pressure entrance；The outlet of 33- confining pressure；34- test cavity；4- displacement monitor；41-
Axial extensometer；42- radial extensometer；43- data collecting instrument；44- bolt；5- acoustic-electric monitoring device；51- sonic probe；52-
Sonic probe set；53- conductor；54- receiver；6- seepage apparatus；61- water inlet；62- water inlet pipe；63- water outlet.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, a kind of acoustic-electric provided by the invention seeps quasi- triaxial cell and the test side of comprehensive monitoring
Method specific embodiment is as follows.
The specific structure in quasi- triaxial cell that a kind of acoustic-electric seeps comprehensive monitoring includes sealing device 1, axis pressure cylinder 2, confining pressure
Cylinder 3, displacement monitor 4, acoustic-electric monitoring device 5 and seepage apparatus 6.Sealing device 1 provides the environment of sealing, axis for pressure chamber
For pressure cylinder 2 for measuring effective transmitting that axis presses and guarantees axis pressure, confining pressure cylinder 3 provides confining pressure, displacement monitor 4 for rock sample
Real-time monitoring displacement, the degree of impairment and conductivity of 5 real-time monitoring rock sample of acoustic-electric monitoring device, seepage apparatus 6 is for supervising
Survey the permeability of rock sample.
Wherein, sealing device 1 includes axis pressure upper press cover 11, axis pressure gland 12, sealing upper press cover 13,14 and of sealing lower cover
Test body pedestal 15, axis pressure cylinder 2 include axis pressure cylinder body 21, axis pressure piston 22, plunger 23, universal valve 24 and strain gauge 25,
Confining pressure cylinder 3 includes pressure indoor 31, confining pressure entrance 32 and confining pressure outlet 33, and displacement monitor 4 includes Axial extensometer 41, radial direction
Extensometer 42 and data collecting instrument 43, acoustic-electric monitoring device 5 include sonic probe 51, sonic probe set 52, conductor 53 and connect
Receive device 54.
The top of axis pressure cylinder is arranged in axis pressure upper press cover 11 and axis pressure gland 12, and axis pressure upper press cover 11 and axis pressure gland 12 are matched
Installation is closed, and is fitted closely.The lower section of pressure indoor 31, sealing upper press cover 13 is arranged in sealing upper press cover 13 and sealing lower cover 14
It is coupled with sealing lower cover 14, confined space is collectively formed, to facilitate application confining pressure.
Axis presses piston 22 to be arranged in axis pressure cylinder body 21, stretches inside axis pressure cylinder body 21, strain gauge 25 and axis pressure
Piston 22 is connected, and plunger 23 connects universal valve 24 and strain gauge 25, by universal between plunger 23 and sound wave probe sheath 52
Valve 24 connects, and guarantees that the power axially applied effectively uniformly transfers using universal valve 24.In addition, axis pressure upper press cover 11 and axis pressure
Gland 12 and axis pressure cylinder body 21 are bolted sealing, sealing upper press cover 13 and sealing lower cover 14 and pressure indoor 31 passes through spiral shell
Bolt fixing seal；Sealing is bolted between axis pressure cylinder 2 and pressure indoor 31.It is arranged between pressure indoor 31 and axis pressure cylinder body 21
There is a pressure transmission channel, the self-balancing of pressure indoor and device of guarantee.
Pressure indoor 31 is cylindrical in shape the lower section that axis pressure cylinder body 21 is arranged in, and is provided with confining pressure entrance 32 and confining pressure in pressure indoor 31
Outlet 33, it is reasonable that confining pressure entrance 31 and confining pressure outlet 32 are set, to facilitate the application of confining pressure, and real-time monitoring confining pressure is big
It is small.
Axial extensometer 41 and radial extensometer 42 are arranged in pressure indoor 31,52 setting of sonic probe set and conductor 53
It is connected, conductor 53 and receiver 54 are separately positioned on the both ends of rock sample.Axial extensometer 41 connects sonic probe set 52
With receiver 54, one end of specifically Axial extensometer 41 is fixed on the side of sonic probe set 52, and the other end is fixed on reception
On the side of device 54；Radial extensometer 42 connects the bolt 44 on receiver 54 and test cavity 34, specifically radial extensometer 42
One end the side of receiver 54 is set, the other end is fixedly connected with the bolt 44 on test cavity 34；In addition Axial extensometer
41 and radial extensometer 42 be arranged symmetrically in the two sides of test cavity, and it is axial parallel with test cavity.Data collecting instrument 43 and axis
It is connected to extensometer 41 with radial extensometer 42,43 real-time Transmission Axial extensometer 41 of data collecting instrument and radial extensometer 42
Displacement.
Sonic probe set 52 is connected with sonic probe, and sonic probe set 52 and sonic probe 51 are arranged in seaming chuck, passes
Conductor 53 is arranged on rock sample, for conducted acoustic waves and conduction；Receiver 54 is arranged in push-down head, for receiving sound wave
With measurement conductivity.
Water inlet 61 is provided on sealing upper press cover 13, water inlet 61 feeds the water into test cavity lower end by water inlet pipe 63,
Outlet pipe joint test chamber upper end and water outlet 63, for measuring permeability.Test cavity 34 is made using heat-shrink tube, production
With it is easy to use, test cavity both ends are provided with sealing ring, the further accuracy for guaranteeing permeability survey.
A kind of test method of quasi- triaxial cell that being seeped comprehensive monitoring using acoustic-electric, is seeped comprehensive using a kind of above-mentioned acoustic-electric
The quasi- triaxial cell of monitoring is closed, test procedure includes:
Rock sample is placed on push-down head by step 1, be connected and fixed sonic probe set and plunger, sonic probe set and
Plunger is placed it in above rock sample by being threadedly engaged, and adjustment seaming chuck compresses rock sample.
Step 2 blows heat test chamber in test cavity both ends fixed seal ring, using hair dryer, and guarantee test chamber is adjacent to rock
Test specimen.
Step 3 is integrally lifted axis pressure cylinder and pressure indoor, and Axial extensometer and radial extensometer is arranged, will be on test cavity
Bolt, which is screwed onto, is exactly in contact with rock sample.
Step 4 connection Axial extensometer and radial extensometer and data collecting instrument are filled the water from water inlet.
Step 5 integrally transfers axis pressure cylinder and pressure indoor, connects pressure indoor with sealing upper press cover, fixed sealing upper press cover
With sealing lower cover.
Step 6 applies axis pressure to the rock sample in test cavity by seaming chuck, through confining pressure entrance into pressure indoor
Hydraulic oil is injected, applies confining pressure and starts to test.
Step 7 opens sonic probe, and conductor powers on, and receiver receives acoustic signals measurement rock sample damage
Wound, receiver receive electric signal measurement conductivity；It is filled the water by water inlet, measures permeability.
Confining pressure outlet is opened in step 8 off-test, so that hydraulic oil is flowed back from the air blowing of confining pressure entrance, whole to be lifted axis pressure
Cylinder and pressure indoor dismantle rock sample and displacement monitor.
Receiver receives acoustic signals, judges that rock sample is in stabilization sub stage or collapse stage according to the waveform of sound wave,
Wherein the waveform of stabilization sub stage is as shown in figure 5, the waveform of stabilization sub stage shows that the sound wave of stable state rock mass is that a kind of comparison is steady
Random signal, sound emission dominant frequency is lower at this time, illustrates that damage propatagtion temporarily not new inside state sample, sample are born
Pressure be more than not yet sample ultimate bearing capacity.The waveform of collapse stage is as shown in fig. 6, collapse stage amplitude gradually increases
Add, waveform is in time shaft relative delay, and as time shaft stretches, amplitude of wave form reduces after being gradually increased to maximum, and sound is sent out at this time
It is higher to penetrate dominant frequency, illustrates to have ruptured inside the state sample, the pressure that sample is born alreadys exceed the ultimate bearing capacity of sample.
Permeability is calculated according to Darcy's law, due to the linear pass in saturated soil between the percolation flow velocity and hydraulic slope of water
System, seepage discharge is directly proportional to upstream and downstream head difference and perpendicular to the sectional area of water (flow) direction, and is inversely proportional with seepage flow length.
According to Conductivity Calculation formula:
Wherein K is conductivity, ρ0For interstitial water resistivity,For porosity, snFor water saturation, a is proportionality coefficient；
Calculate conductivity.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (9)
1. the quasi- triaxial cell that a kind of acoustic-electric seeps comprehensive monitoring, which is characterized in that
Including sealing device, axis pressure cylinder, confining pressure cylinder, displacement monitor, acoustic-electric monitoring device and seepage apparatus；The sealing dress
It sets including axis pressure upper press cover, axis pressure gland, sealing upper press cover, sealing lower cover and test body pedestal, the axis pressure cylinder includes axis
Pressure cylinder body, axis pressure piston, plunger, universal valve and strain gauge, the confining pressure cylinder include that pressure indoor, confining pressure entrance and confining pressure go out
Mouthful, the displacement monitor includes Axial extensometer, radial extensometer and data collecting instrument, and the acoustic-electric monitoring device includes
Sonic probe, sonic probe set, conductor and receiver；
The top of axis pressure cylinder is arranged in the axis pressure upper press cover and axis pressure gland, and axis pressure upper press cover and axis pressure gland are coupled；
The lower section of pressure indoor is arranged in the sealing upper press cover and sealing lower cover, and sealing upper press cover and sealing lower cover are coupled；
The axis pressure piston is arranged in axis pressure cylinder body, and the strain gauge is connected with axis pressure piston, the plunger connection ten thousand
To valve and strain gauge；It is connected between the plunger and sound wave probe sheath by universal valve；
The pressure indoor is cylindrical in shape the lower section that axis pressure cylinder body is arranged in, and confining pressure entrance and confining pressure outlet are provided in pressure indoor；Institute
It states Axial extensometer and radial extensometer is arranged in pressure indoor；The sonic probe set is connected with conductor, the conductor
The both ends of rock sample are separately positioned on receiver.
2. the quasi- triaxial cell that a kind of acoustic-electric according to claim 1 seeps comprehensive monitoring, which is characterized in that the axis pressure
Upper press cover and axis pressure gland and axis pressure cylinder are bolted sealing；The sealing upper press cover and sealing lower cover and pressure indoor are logical
Cross bolt fixing seal；Sealing is bolted between the axis pressure cylinder and pressure indoor.
3. the quasi- triaxial cell that a kind of acoustic-electric according to claim 1 seeps comprehensive monitoring, which is characterized in that the confining pressure
Pressure transmission channel is provided between room and axis pressure cylinder body；Test cavity is provided in the pressure indoor.
4. the quasi- triaxial cell that a kind of acoustic-electric according to claim 3 seeps comprehensive monitoring, which is characterized in that the axial direction
Extensometer connects sonic probe set and receiver；Bolt on the radial extensometer connection receiver and test cavity；The number
It is connected according to Acquisition Instrument with Axial extensometer and radial extensometer.
5. the quasi- triaxial cell that a kind of acoustic-electric according to claim 3 seeps comprehensive monitoring, which is characterized in that the sound wave
Probe sheath is connected with sonic probe, and sonic probe set and sonic probe are arranged in seaming chuck；The conductor is arranged in rock
On test specimen, for conducted acoustic waves and conduction；The receiver is arranged in push-down head, for receiving sound wave and measurement conductivity.
6. the quasi- triaxial cell that a kind of acoustic-electric according to claim 3 seeps comprehensive monitoring, which is characterized in that the sealing
Water inlet is provided on upper press cover, water inlet feeds the water into test cavity lower end, outlet pipe joint test chamber upper end by water inlet pipe
And water outlet, for measuring permeability.
7. the quasi- triaxial cell that a kind of acoustic-electric according to claim 6 seeps comprehensive monitoring, which is characterized in that the test
Chamber is made using heat-shrink tube, and test cavity both ends are provided with sealing ring.
8. a kind of test method for the quasi- triaxial cell for seeping comprehensive monitoring using acoustic-electric, which is characterized in that utilize claim 1
To a kind of 7 described in any item quasi- triaxial cells of acoustic-electric infiltration comprehensive monitoring, test procedure includes:
Rock sample is placed on push-down head by step 1, is connected and fixed sonic probe set and plunger and is placed on rock sample
Top, adjustment seaming chuck compress rock sample；
Step 2 blows heat test chamber in test cavity both ends fixed seal ring, using hair dryer, and guarantee test chamber is adjacent to rock examination
Part；
Step 3 is integrally lifted axis pressure cylinder and pressure indoor, Axial extensometer and radial extensometer is arranged, by the bolt on test cavity
It is screwed onto and is exactly in contact with rock sample；
Step 4 connection Axial extensometer and radial extensometer and data collecting instrument are filled the water from water inlet；
Step 5 integrally transfers axis pressure cylinder and pressure indoor, connects pressure indoor with sealing upper press cover, fixed sealing upper press cover and envelope
Glue lower cover；
Step 6 applies axis pressure to the rock sample in test cavity by seaming chuck, is injected by confining pressure entrance into pressure indoor
Hydraulic oil applies confining pressure and starts to test；
Step 7 opens sonic probe, and conductor powers on, and receiver receives acoustic signals measurement rock sample damage, connects
It receives device and receives electric signal measurement conductivity；It is filled the water by water inlet, measures permeability；
Confining pressure outlet is opened in step 8 off-test, so that hydraulic oil is flowed back from the air blowing of confining pressure entrance, it is whole be lifted axis pressure cylinder and
Pressure indoor dismantles rock sample and displacement monitor.
9. a kind of test method of quasi- triaxial cell for seeping comprehensive monitoring using acoustic-electric according to claim 8, special
Sign is that the receiver receives acoustic signals, judges that rock sample is in stabilization sub stage or rupture rank according to the waveform of sound wave
Section；Permeability is calculated according to Darcy's law；According to Conductivity Calculation formula:
Wherein K is conductivity, ρ0For interstitial water resistivity,For porosity, snFor water saturation, a is proportionality coefficient；It calculates
Conductivity.
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