CN103278613A - Device and method for producing simulated horizontal stress in model test - Google Patents
Device and method for producing simulated horizontal stress in model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN103278613A CN103278613A CN201310151615XA CN201310151615A CN103278613A CN 103278613 A CN103278613 A CN 103278613A CN 201310151615X A CN201310151615X A CN 201310151615XA CN 201310151615 A CN201310151615 A CN 201310151615A CN 103278613 A CN103278613 A CN 103278613A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for producing simulated horizontal stress in a model test. The device is characterized in that an oil jack applies a pressure force to a vertical thrust plate by pressure distribution blocks so that a side-direction horizontal pressure force is applied to spherical particles; and a horizontal pressure force produced by the spherical particles is measured by a measurement and reading device through a pressure sensor. The invention also relates to a method for producing simulated horizontal stress in a model test. The device and the method can simulate horizontal stress in three dimensional stress fields in rocks having different unit weight. The method and the device can adjust trapezoidal or triangular linear-distributed horizontal stress, and can monitor pressure in loading. The method has simple and feasible processes and is especially suitable for middle and small-scale model tests having equipment condition limits. In a large-scale model test, the device and the method can reduce a large amount of control systems, reduce an investment and realize stable loading.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of particle loaded devices and methods therefor for model test, can be applicable to simulate in the similar model test of the various Geotechnical Engineerings of stress initially.
Background technology
Geomechanical model test is the stable and support system optimal design of research Geotechnical Engineering and underground works and the important means of rationalizing construction method.In model test, need to give on the border of test model and apply imposed stress, with according to the residing geomechanics environment of similar proportion true reappearance prototype.
Apply the devices and methods therefor of boundary stress to test model the nineties in last century, mainly contains following three kinds:
First kind is to apply equally distributed stress at model boundary, and this load mode is level to by flexible hydraulic capsule stress application load, vertically to being loaded by hydraulic jack.Referring to document be, " Zhao Zhenying. the hole group excavates the surrounding rock failure process testing. water conservancy journal, 1995,12:24～28 ".
Second kind be that six faces at three-dimensional model apply initiatively load of a magnitude three-dimensional that has nothing in common with each other simultaneously, but the load of each acting surface all is equally distributed.This load mode is by oil-filled system, and loading oil circuit and synchronous fuel tank group are implemented to load to model, adopt six closed loop servo control loops to control.Referring to document be, " Guo Shunnian, Li Xianrong. the three-qimension geomechanics model exporiment device loads and Control System Design. hydroelectric project research, 1997(4): 33～37 ".
The third is that acting surface is divided into several equally distributed load districts, load application on three acting surfaces, and other three corresponding surfaces are made the driven bearing pressure surface, simulate the terrestrial stress at this place with the form of counter-force.Each load action face is divided into 3-4 equally distributed load district again, so that the variation of simulation stress, the total load (TL) in each load district equals this summation of distinguishing original load.The load of model applies by oil pressure box or oil pressure bag, after module masonry finishes in the three-dimensional stand, namely lays the oil pressure bag, draws oil pipe and measures cable, and is with sand and sand pocket that the secretion between oil pressure bag and stand is closely knit again.Referring to document be, " Chen Xialing, etc. the experimental study that underground rock cavern is stable. Wuhan Water Conservancy and Electric Power Univ's journal, 1994:17～23 ".
At the beginning of 21 century, Geotechnical Engineering and the research of underground works geomechanical model test come into one's own again, and have proposed some new loading methods.For example, " many principal stress planes of discretize loading system and the device " of people such as the Li Zhong of Tsing-Hua University Kui invention, successfully simulated the complex three-dimensional stress field in the cavity group model test of large-scale underground power plant building, adopted the high-pressure gasbag of more than 200 different pressures value to load, each air bag is of a size of 60cm * 50cm.Referring to document be, " Li Zhongkui; etc. three-dimensional model test new technology and the application in large-scale underground hole group research thereof. rock mechanics and engineering journal; 2003; 22 (9): 1430～1436 " and " Li Zhongkui; etc. the many principal stress planes of large-scale cavity group three-dimensional model test discretize load and Research on monitoring system. experimental technique and management, and 2002,19(5): 4～10 ".
The big auspicious people such as grade of Yuan of SanXia University has adopted the fillet flat jack simulating boundary terrestrial stress by transparent communicating pipe water colunm height control pressure when carrying out Three Gorges high slope model test.The participation document is, " Yuan Daxiang. the Geomechanics Model of Jointed Rock Mass of High Slope experimental study. SanXia University's journal (natural science edition), 2001,23 (3): 194～199 ".
The Geotechnical Engineering center Zhang Qiangyong of Shandong University etc. adopt allocation block and hydraulic jack group to come the stress field of analog variation in the underground chamber model test.Referring to document be, " Zhang Qiangyong, Chen Xuguang, Lin Bo. the break three-qimension geomechanics model exporiment research of deep tunnel country rock subregion. rock mechanics and engineering journal, 2009,28(9) ".
In addition, adopt the method for mercury bag loading horizontal stress in addition, but mercury unit weight is too high-leveled and difficult to adjust.In case rush down leakage in the process of the test then seriously polluted, cause very big loss.In addition, the mercury price is very high, thereby is unsuitable for as the loading means.
Now conventional apparatus and method simulate effect thereof are done an explanation.As shown in Figure 1, since the perpendicular stress σ v that the deadweight of rock mass produces equal to be called " buried depth " in the thickness H(Geotechnical Engineering of rock mass on this point) and the product of rock mass unit weight γ.And the horizontal stress σ h that the deadweight that this point is subjected to produces is relevant with the poisson effect of rock mass, equals the product of σ v and coefficient of horizontal pressure K.Wherein, K=ν/(1-ν), ν is the rock mass Poisson ratio.If the strata model scope is certain degree of depth in rock mass inside, perhaps be subjected to the tectonic stress of horizontal direction, then the suffered horizontal stress in strata model border then is trapezoidal profile.If the upper surface of strata model scope is exactly the surface of rock mass, the face of land just, then the suffered horizontal stress in strata model border is that trapezoidal profile or triangle distribute.
As shown in Figure 2, traditional loading method all can only form the horizontal stress that stepped appearance distributes.Far apart with the stress pattern practically shown in Figure 1, can't simulate the distribution form of stress practically truly.
Therefore, in the above-described classic method, no matter be to adopt the equipment lifting jack of rigidity to load, still flexible hydraulic device loads, discretize air bag load, flat jack loads, and all are difficult to the stress field of accurate analog linearity distribution.Though jack cluster and discretize air bag can distribute by approximate analog linearity, under the less situation of model, can be subjected to the appointed condition restriction and can't simulate.And the pressure of jack cluster each is different, control pretty troublesomely, need the system equipment of complexity, cost is too high.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to a kind of for the devices and methods therefor that produces the dummy level terrestrial stress in model test.The present invention makes every effort to make a kind of artificial spheric grain fluid, make the characteristics that the pressure As soon as possible Promising Policy is trapezoidal or triangulated linear distributes of the horizontal direction of its generation, and slope that should linearity can adopt apparatus and method of the present invention to adjust and monitor, to satisfy the simulation requirement of the horizontal stress that different rock mass produce.
Experimental program
The invention provides a kind ofly for the device that produces dummy level stress in model test, this device comprises:
Be used for laying the base of geomechanics model body,
Be close to described model body and be fixed in open-topped framework on the described base,
The open-topped box-like cover plate that is used for the described framework of sealing,
Be slidingly arranged in away from the normal thrust metal plate in the described framework of described model body one side, and
Be connected in the stress applying unit in the described normal thrust metal plate outside,
Wherein, in described framework, be filled with some spheric grain.
In one embodiment, this device also comprises the pressure transducer on the side plate that is installed in described framework, and the plate reading that is used for reading the measured value of described pressure transducer.
In one embodiment, described normal thrust metal plate is connected with described stress applying unit by the pressure distribution piece.
In one embodiment, described stress applying unit is the hydraulic jack that is horizontally fixed on the described base, and described hydraulic jack is communicated with oil gear.
In one embodiment, described spheric grain carries out the steel ball of even lubricated for the surface.
In one embodiment, described framework bottom is lined with buffering spacer, and wherein said buffering spacer thickness is 1-3mm.
In one embodiment, the slide rail that described normal thrust metal plate both sides are provided with at least one band ball matches with it, and inwall is provided with at least one chute in described framework two sides; Described normal thrust metal plate is by the chute horizontal slip of described slide rail along described framework.
The present invention also provide a kind of use aforementioned in each described device come in model test, to produce the method for dummy level stress, spheric grain is carried in the framework, thereby produce side direction horizontal pressure force trapezoidal or that triangle distributes, wherein, described side direction horizontal pressure force method of adjustment may further comprise the steps:
1) fills factor of porosity θ behind the spheric grain according to the volume calculations of the diameter of described spheric grain and described framework;
2) average size of calculating spheric grain described in the described framework according to unit weight and the described factor of porosity of described spheric grain
γ wherein
bApparent capacity for described spheric grain;
3) calculate the side direction horizontal pressure force of certain point according to described average size
Wherein H is the distance of the described spheric grain end face of certain some distance, and K is coefficient of horizontal pressure;
4) pass through to change diameter or the unit weight of described spheric grain, thereby change the slope that described side direction horizontal pressure force distributes, until reaching required side direction horizontal pressure force.
In one embodiment, described spheric grain comprises full particle or/and hollow bead.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, and is a kind of for the devices and methods therefor that produces dummy level stress in model test, can simulate the horizontal stress in the 3-D stree field in the different unit weight rock mass.As shown in Figure 3, this horizontal stress has trapezoidal or leg-of-mutton characteristic distributions, to the accuracy of the original state that improves the test of ground and underground works equivalent material simulating, and then improves the credibility of test findings, has tangible effect.Simultaneously, the present invention can adjust the size of trapezoidal linear level distribution stress, can monitor the pressure that load applies in the process again, and method is simple, is specially adapted to the middle-size and small-size model test that appointed condition is restricted.Yet, for large-scale experiment, can reduce big amount control system, and then save investment, and load more stable.
Description of drawings
Come the present invention is carried out detailed describing below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Yet only providing in order to understand the present invention better of accompanying drawing is provided, they not should be understood to limitation of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is ground and underground works geomechanics model boundary stress distribution form synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is various subregions or level of discretization stress pattern synoptic diagram in the classic method;
Fig. 3 is loading method principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is charger schematic perspective view of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is slide construction partial enlarged drawing of the present invention.
Embodiment
Contrast accompanying drawing below, and by the description to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Adopt traditional charger that in model test, produces the dummy level terrestrial stress, no matter be the charger that adopts rigidity, jack cluster charger for example, still flexible hydraulic charger, discretize air bag charger, flat jack charger all are difficult to the stress field that accurate analog linearity distributes.Though jack cluster charger and discretize air bag charger can distribute by approximate analog linearity, under the less situation of model, can be subjected to the appointed condition restriction and can't simulate.And the pressure of jack cluster charger each is different, control pretty troublesomely, need the system equipment of complexity, cost is too high.And adopt device of the present invention, the defective of conventional apparatus can be overcome, and the horizontal stress in the 3-D stree field in the different unit weight rock mass can be simulated accurately, truly.In addition, device of the present invention can be adjusted the size of trapezoidal linear level distribution stress, can monitor the pressure that load applies in the process again.
Fig. 4 has shown a kind of for the device that produces dummy level stress in model test, comprising: be used for laying the base 2 of geomechanics model body 1, next-door neighbour's model body 1 and be fixed in open-topped square steel framework 3 on the base 2.Square steel framework 3 tops are provided with for its open-topped box-like cover plate 4 of sealing, and the side away from model body 1 of square steel framework 3 is provided with the normal thrust metal plate 5 that can move horizontally.The hydraulic jack 7 that normal thrust metal plate 5 outsides connect by pressure distribution piece 6.Hydraulic jack 7 is horizontally fixed on the base 2, and is communicated with oil gear 8.Side plate at square steel framework 3 is equipped with pressure transducer 9, and the plate reading 10 that is used for reading the measured value of pressure transducer 9.
The present invention is filled with some spheric grain 11 in square steel framework 3.Why selecting spheric grain 11, is because under the situation that does not have the lateral boundaries restriction, because friction force is too small, very difficult accumulation gets up to form has the accumulation body of natural angle of repose, thereby has the character near fluid between the spheric grain 11.And under the situation of lateral boundaries restriction, spheric grain 11 can produce pressure to restricted boundary.According to Pascal law, this pressure is identical in all directions, quiet " water " that equals this point presses, the horizontal pressure force that general geomechanical model test needs all is greater than hydraulic pressure, so must seek a kind of artificial fluid, and the capacity of this artificial fluid must be greater than water, and spheric grain 11 satisfies the requirement of geomechanics model body 1 fully.
In the embodiment of an optimization, spheric grain 11 comprises steel ball.Even lubricated is carried out on the steel ball surface, reduces the friction force between the steel ball significantly, makes steel ball possess the characteristics of spheric grain fluid mobility matter, reaches the generation value greater than the side direction horizontal stress of water pressure.
In one embodiment, square steel framework 3 bottoms are lined with the buffering spacer (not shown), and wherein said buffering spacer thickness is 1-3mm.Adopt this kind method, can reduce the vibration effect that when adding carrier spheric grain 11 device is produced.The thickness of buffering spacer can be 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm etc.
In one embodiment, the slide rail 12 that normal thrust metal plate 5 both sides all are arranged with at least one band ball 14 in parallel matches with it, all is arranged with at least one chute 13(in parallel shown in Fig. 4,5 on square steel framework 3 two sides inwalls).Normal thrust metal plate 5 is by chute 13 horizontal slips of slide rail 12 along square steel framework 3, and then the spheric grain 11 in the square shaped steel framework 3 applies different horizontal thrusts.
Fig. 3 has shown loading method principle schematic of the present invention.The method of dummy level stress is provided in model test according to the above-mentioned device that provides, spheric grain 11 is carried in the square steel framework 3, thereby produce side direction horizontal pressure force trapezoidal or that triangle distributes, wherein, side direction horizontal pressure force method of adjustment may further comprise the steps:
1) fills factor of porosity θ behind the spheric grain 11 according to the volume calculations of the diameter of spheric grain 11 and square steel framework 3;
2) average size of calculating spheric grain 11 in the square steel framework 3 according to unit weight and the factor of porosity of spheric grain 11
γ wherein
bApparent capacity for spheric grain 11;
3) calculate the side direction horizontal pressure force of certain point according to average size
Wherein H is the distance of certain point apart from spheric grain 11 end faces, and K is coefficient of horizontal pressure;
4) by changing diameter or the unit weight of spheric grain 11, change the slope that the side direction horizontal pressure force distributes, until reaching required side direction horizontal pressure force.
In one embodiment; spheric grain 11 comprises full particle or/and the hollow ball shape particle; full particle or hollow bead by adopting different inner diameters or in solid spheric grain, evenly mix a certain proportion of hollow ball shape particle; adjust the diameter or the unit weight that change spheric grain 11, and then adjust the side direction horizontal pressure force.
The above specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making; be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. device that is used for producing in model test dummy level stress, this device comprises:
Be used for laying the base of geomechanics model body,
Be close to described model body and be fixed in open-topped framework on the described base,
The open-topped box-like cover plate that is used for the described framework of sealing,
Be slidingly arranged in away from the normal thrust metal plate in the described framework of described model body one side, and
Be connected in the stress applying unit in the described normal thrust metal plate outside,
Wherein, in described framework, be filled with some spheric grain.
2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the pressure transducer on the side plate that is installed in described framework, and the plate reading that is used for reading the measured value of described pressure transducer.
3. as each described device of claim 1 to 2, it is characterized in that described normal thrust metal plate is connected with described stress applying unit by the pressure distribution piece.
4. as each described device of claim 3, it is characterized in that described stress applying unit is the hydraulic jack that is horizontally fixed on the described base, and described hydraulic jack is communicated with oil gear.
5. as each described device of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described spheric grain carries out the steel ball of even lubricated for the surface.
6. as each described device of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that described framework bottom is lined with buffering spacer, wherein said buffering spacer thickness is 1-3mm.
7. as each described device of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that the slide rail that described normal thrust metal plate both sides are provided with at least one band ball matches with it, inwall is provided with at least one chute in described framework two sides; Described normal thrust metal plate is by the chute horizontal slip of described slide rail along described framework.
8. one kind is used the next method that produces dummy level stress in model test of each described device in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, spheric grain is carried in the framework, thereby produce side direction horizontal pressure force trapezoidal or that triangle distributes, wherein, described side direction horizontal pressure force method of adjustment may further comprise the steps:
1) fills factor of porosity θ behind the spheric grain according to the volume calculations of the diameter of described spheric grain and described framework;
2) average size of calculating spheric grain described in the described framework according to unit weight and the described factor of porosity of described spheric grain
γ wherein
bApparent capacity for described spheric grain;
3) calculate the side direction horizontal pressure force of certain point according to described average size
Wherein H is the distance of the described spheric grain end face of certain some distance, and K is coefficient of horizontal pressure;
4) pass through to change diameter or the unit weight of described spheric grain, thereby change the slope that described side direction horizontal pressure force distributes, until reaching required side direction horizontal pressure force.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described spheric grain comprises full particle or/and hollow bead.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103743886A (en) * | 2014-01-19 | 2014-04-23 | 天津城建大学 | Lateral displacement type multifunctional model tank experiment system |
| CN105206157A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-12-30 | 华北水利水电大学 | Hydraulic model test teaching platform |
| CN106526134A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-03-22 | 华北科技学院 | Multifunctional testing tank device for geotechnical engineering |
| CN107917839A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-17 | 山东建筑大学 | Test evaluation tunnel anchors the pilot system and method for country rock composite bearing performance |
| CN110850061A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-28 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司 | Manufacturing method of test model for simulating stratified jointed rock mass similar material |
| CN113281488A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-20 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Simulated ground stress test device and method for anti-dip rock slope model test |
| CN114459537A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Monitoring system and monitoring method for geotechnical structure of landfill |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103743886A (en) * | 2014-01-19 | 2014-04-23 | 天津城建大学 | Lateral displacement type multifunctional model tank experiment system |
| CN103743886B (en) * | 2014-01-19 | 2015-07-15 | 天津城建大学 | Lateral displacement type multifunctional model tank experiment system |
| CN105206157A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-12-30 | 华北水利水电大学 | Hydraulic model test teaching platform |
| CN105206157B (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-11-07 | 华北水利水电大学 | hydraulic model test teaching platform |
| CN106526134A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-03-22 | 华北科技学院 | Multifunctional testing tank device for geotechnical engineering |
| CN107917839A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-17 | 山东建筑大学 | Test evaluation tunnel anchors the pilot system and method for country rock composite bearing performance |
| CN107917839B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2023-10-20 | 山东建筑大学 | Test system and method for testing and evaluating composite bearing performance of tunnel anchoring surrounding rock |
| CN110850061A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-28 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司 | Manufacturing method of test model for simulating stratified jointed rock mass similar material |
| CN113281488A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-20 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Simulated ground stress test device and method for anti-dip rock slope model test |
| CN114459537A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Monitoring system and monitoring method for geotechnical structure of landfill |
| CN114459537B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-03-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Monitoring method for geotechnical structure of landfill |
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