CN1374512A - Discrete multiple main stress plane loading method and mechanism for model experiment - Google Patents
Discrete multiple main stress plane loading method and mechanism for model experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1374512A CN1374512A CN 02116675 CN02116675A CN1374512A CN 1374512 A CN1374512 A CN 1374512A CN 02116675 CN02116675 CN 02116675 CN 02116675 A CN02116675 A CN 02116675A CN 1374512 A CN1374512 A CN 1374512A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to method and mechanism for applying stress to model under test. It features that complicated stress distribution field to be simulated is discretized into finite micro stress field units equivalent to one homogeneous stress field. The loading mechanism includes finite loading subregions set on the moded loading plane, reverse thrust boards installed in the loading subregions, two air bags of different pressure on the inner side of each reverse thrust board, jacks on the back of the reverse thrust boards, air compressor connected to the air bags, and pressure monitoring and alarm system on the reverse thrust boards. The present invention makes it possible to change and control and magnitude and direction of stress in different positions, simulate complicated and varying 3D stress field and monitor and conrol and stress applying course.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly in model test, give the method for model stress application and realize this method and the control device that designs, can be applicable in the various engineering layer during similar model tests.
Background technology
Model test is research structure engineering stability and support system optimal design and the important means of rationalizing construction method.In model test, often need to apply complicated stress, with the residing mechanical environment of true reappearance prototype to test model.At present, give the method for model test stress application and control device mainly contains following and plant:
The one, on model boundary, apply equally distributed stress, this load mode carries out in the areal model test, model is made up of two rigidity rigid frames, model is flat to crouch, level is to adopting flexible hydraulic capsule stress application load, vertically to vertically being controlled by 4 50 tons of hydraulic jack that are bearing on rigidity " door type " rigid frame.After model installs, can carry out classification stress application load simultaneously 4 sides.The applying of all directions load, control and voltage stabilizing are implemented by WY-300 type gas-liquid voltage stabilizer.Referring to document: " Zhao Zhenying, the hole group excavates the surrounding rock failure process testing, " water conservancy journal ", Dec nineteen ninety-five, the 24th ~ 28 page ".
The 2nd, load application applies initiatively load of a magnitude three-dimensional that has nothing in common with each other simultaneously at 6 faces of three-dimensional of model on the model acting surface, and the load of each acting surface is equally distributed.Add load control comprises: oil-filled system is mainly used to the preliminary work that makes whole oil circuit oil-filled; Loading oil circuit enters the synchronous fuel tank group through oil filter, vibration damper, retaining valve, servo-valve shunt and implements to load to model; Adopt 6 closed loop servo control loops to control.All these are all included robot calculator in and operate control.This load mode influence factor is a lot, wayward.Referring to " Lee Guo Shun elder generation banyan, the three-qimension geomechanics model exporiment device loads and Control System Design, " hydroelectric project research ", 1997 the 4th phases, the 33rd～37 page ".
The 3rd, acting surface is divided into several equally distributed load districts, load application on three acting surfaces, other three corresponding surfaces are made the driven bearing pressure surface, simulate the terrestrial stress at this place with the form of counter-force.Each load action face is divided into 3-4 equally distributed load district again, and the total load (TL) in each load district equals this summation of distinguishing original load.The load of model applies by oil pressure box or oil pressure bag, after module masonry finishes in the three-dimensional stand, promptly lays the oil pressure bag, draws oil pipe and measures cable, and is with sand and sand pocket that the secretion between oil pressure bag and stand is closely knit again.See " Chen Xialing etc., the experimental study that underground rock cavern is stable, " Wuhan Water Conservancy and Electric Power Univ's journal ", in February, 1994, the 17th～23 page ".
The above method is difficult to the changeable 3-D stree field of Simulation of Complex, as size, direction is at all vicissitudinous terrestrial stress of different parts.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome existing deficiency that can't the changeable stress field load mode of Simulation of Complex, the present invention can not only embody the size and Orientation of stress application load, and can also apply load and monitor in the process and control.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: many principal stress planes of discretize loading method in a kind of model test, it is characterized in that: the principle stress loading surface that the complexity that needs on the loading surface to simulate is changed, discrete for a plurality of small loadings zone is arranged continuously, replace original principle stress loading surface with continuous a plurality of small zones that load; Each loads the zonule reaction thrust plate is installed, at two air bags that high-low pressure is different of the inboard placement of reaction thrust plate, with air compressor is that air bag fills high pressure gas, be used for exerting pressure to test model, can think that each element stress field that loads the zonule is the uniform stress field of an equivalence, and apply the normal direction load in view of the above, its load calculates as follows:
(1) calculates stress contour value on the whole loading acting surface by the measured stress value;
(2) calculate each small equivalent stress value that loads the zone; Generally choose midrange; The position that the counter stress gradient is bigger can be carried out the equivalent stress that integral and calculating applied by following formula to this small area that loads the zone according to each small stress contour value that loads the zone:
(σ in the formula
IjBe the equivalent stress that is applied on this small loading zone; σ
IjBe the stress contour value on this small loading zone; S is this small area that loads the zone);
(3) to each sub-district repeating step (2) all, can obtain the stress that is applied on the whole loading surface.
The present invention also provides a kind of charger of described method, it is characterized in that: this device mainly comprises closed annular steelframe 1, supporting steel frame 2, vertical pillars 3, lifting jack 5 and the cavity 10 of the placement test model that surrounded by closed annular steelframe and vertical pillars, at least one test model loading surface is separated into limited loads the zonule, each loads the zonule reaction thrust plate 4 is installed, at two air bags 6 that high-low pressure is different of the inboard placement of described reaction thrust plate, behind the reaction thrust plate lifting jack is installed, described lifting jack is fixed on the vertical pillars.
Described reaction thrust plate be parallel to each other with the principle stress loading surface respectively by two and rectangular swash plate be connected dull and stereotyped the composition.And on the reaction thrust plate of each loading zonule, pressure monitoring and warning backup system being installed, this system is made up of micro pressure monitoring plug 8, pilot lamp 7 (or/and hummer) and power control switch 9.
In order to bear big load, this device also is provided with supporting steel frame on test-bed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention can change and control the stress intensity and the direction of different parts easily, thereby can the changeable 3-D stree field of Simulation of Complex, can embody the size and Orientation of stress application, can also monitor and control the pressure that load applies in the process, method be simple.Owing to be provided with many supporting steel frames on the test-bed, can bear very big load simultaneously.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 a is many principal stress planes of discretize loading method synoptic diagram.
Fig. 1 b for will principle stress field complicated and changeable discrete be the example schematic of limited a plurality of small element stress.
Fig. 2 is a load test horse structure schematic perspective view.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 3, expresses a structural representation that loads zonule and pressure monitoring and warning system.
Fig. 5 is pressure monitoring and warning backup system scheme of installation.
Among the figure: 1-annular steelframe; The 2-supporting steel frame; The 3-vertical pillars; 4-reaction thrust plate; The 5-lifting jack; The 6-high-pressure gasbag; The 7-pilot lamp; 8-micro pressure monitoring plug; The 9-power control switch; 10-places the cavity of test model.
Embodiment
Further specify ultimate principle of the present invention, structure and embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Basic ideas of the present invention derive from finite element, boundary element and discrete element etc., be about to the principle that the domain of study discretize is carried out numerical analysis, the terrestrial stress distribution field of the complexity variation of needs simulation, discrete is limited a plurality of small element stress fields, and thinks that this element stress field is the uniform stress field of an equivalence.With one group of small principal stress plane, replace original oblique section, and the size according to equivalent principle stress applies normal force on this group principal stress plane, thereby reach the purpose of this element stress field of simulation perpendicular to this element stress field principle stress vector.Such operation is all carried out in each discrete element stress field, just can finish the simulation of stress field of the complexity variation in whole test territory.
Fig. 1 is many principal stress planes of discretize loading method synoptic diagram, in this model, be subjected to the effect of three terrestrial stress, maximum and least principal stress level, and with the axis (unit axis) of model (Fig. 1 a), intermediate principal stress vertical (also available this method of intermediate principal stress out of plumb) in angle of 45 degrees.Maximum and least principal stress acting surface are separated into little loading zone (Fig. 1 b), replace original oblique section with small principal stress plane.Be separated into what zonules and will consider convenience of the target of the variable gradient of principle stress, research, operation etc.Theoretically, precision is high more more at most for the zone after dispersing, but bring difficulty can for so concrete implementation and operation, and is therefore unsuitable too many.Whole loading zone is separated into 91 zonules in this is implemented.Before the stress that calculates each zonule, calculate and draw the stress contour on the whole acting surface earlier, according to the isoline on each zonule, calculate the equivalent stress that is applied by following formula:
σ in the formula
IjBe the equivalent stress that is applied on this zonule, σ
IjBe the stress contour value on this small loading zone, S is the area of this zonule.If the stress that applies is 20MPa, this stress is along tapering off on the acting surface, promptly taper to 1MPa by 20MPa, the stress of zonule at the second row secondary series is 16-18MPa, get this zone midrange 17MPa, then according to top expression formula to area integral can obtain second the row secondary series the zonule on stress be 17MPa.Draw isoline on the acting surface row interpolation of going forward side by side and calculate if get the numerical value of other point, carry out area integral again.These computing method are all followed in each zonule, just obtain the stress of whole loading surface.
Fig. 2 Fig. 3 has expressed and has been the concrete structure of charger of the present invention.The cavity 10 and pressure monitoring and the warning backup system that mainly comprise closed annular steelframe 1, supporting steel frame 2, vertical pillars 3, high-pressure gasbag 6, reaction thrust plate 4, lifting jack 5, placement test model.Closed steel construction ring beam, supporting steel frame, vertical pillars constitute test-bed, are indispensable in the model test, and it has two functions, and the firstth, hold whole model and boundary condition is provided, the secondth, loading system is installed; Its design must be considered the requirement of two aspects, promptly requires the size of test-bed can be large enough to hold whole model and requirement and bears and be unlikely to produce excessive distortion when loading.Test-bed is to be fixed in ground with foot bolt; The model loading surface is separated into limited and loads the zonule, each loads the zonule reaction thrust plate 4 is installed, the reaction thrust plate be parallel to each other with the principle stress loading surface respectively by two and rectangular swash plate be connected dull and stereotyped forms (as shown in Figure 4), two air bags 6 that high-low pressure is different of placement in it; Lifting jack 5 is installed behind the reaction thrust plate, and lifting jack is fixed on the vertical pillars 3; Air compressor is not installed on the test-bed, pressurizes to air bag in the test-bed outside.Pressure monitoring and warning backup system monitor plug 8 by pilot lamp 7 and micro pressure and power control switch 9 is formed; Micro pressure monitoring plug is installed on each air bag, is similar to the pressurization vapour lock of doughnut, after pilot lamp and micro pressure monitoring plug all are fixed on the reaction thrust plate, be together in series (as shown in Figure 5) by electric wire.
Lifting jack is the hydraulic jack of 3.2T, and main effect is a relative position of adjusting load Steel frame column and reaction thrust plate, makes the reaction thrust plate keep the origin-location motionless in air bag pressure process, thereby keeps gasbag pressure constant, and prevents the air bag explosion.
High-pressure gasbag 6 is made by the mold pressing of black vulcanized rubber, is prismatic outward, film thickness 2mm.Size is divided into five kinds of specifications that vary in size, and every kind of specification is divided into two kinds of high pressure and low pressure again.The size of gasbag pressure is the size of the stress application that is calculated.
Air compressor is used for pressurizeing to high-pressure gasbag.
Fig. 4 pressure monitoring warning system comprises micro pressure monitoring plug, pilot lamp, power supply and gauge tap, installs simple.Micro pressure monitoring plug can the perception high-pressure gasbag pressure change, gasbag pressure is lower than ratings 0.01Mpa just to be connected gauge tap and can cause light flash, thus ftercompction in time.Therefore can guarantee that pressure should be relatively stable at whole excavation duration of test.
Claims (6)
1. many principal stress planes of discretize loading method in the model test, it is characterized in that: the principle stress loading surface that the complexity that needs on the loading surface to simulate is changed, discrete for a plurality of small loadings zone is arranged continuously, replace original principle stress loading surface with continuous a plurality of small zones that load; Each loads the zonule reaction thrust plate is installed, at two air bags that high-low pressure is different of the inboard placement of reaction thrust plate, with air compressor is that air bag fills high pressure gas, be used for exerting pressure to test model, and think that each element stress field that loads the zonule is the uniform stress field of an equivalence, and apply normal stress, its stress calculates as follows:
(1) measured value calculates the stress contour value on the whole loading acting surface;
(2) calculate each small equivalent stress value that loads the zone;
According to each small isoline value that loads the zone, this small area that loads the zone is carried out the equivalent stress that integral and calculating applied by following formula:
(3) each sub-district repeating step (2) all can obtain the stress that is applied on the whole loading surface.
2. according to the described loading method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: calculate each small equivalent stress value employing that loads the zone in the step (2) and get midrange.
3. implement the charger of method according to claim 1 for one kind, it is characterized in that: this device mainly comprises closed annular steelframe 1, supporting steel frame 2, vertical pillars 3, lifting jack 5 and the cavity 10 of the placement test model that surrounded by closed annular steelframe and vertical pillars, at least one test model loading surface is separated into limited loads the zonule, each loads the zonule reaction thrust plate 4 is installed, at two air bags 6 that high-low pressure is different of the inboard placement of described reaction thrust plate, behind the reaction thrust plate lifting jack is installed, described lifting jack is fixed on the vertical pillars.
4. according to the described charger of claim 3, it is characterized in that described reaction thrust plate is parallel to each other with the principle stress loading surface respectively by two and rectangular swash plate be connected dull and stereotyped the composition.
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described chargers, it is characterized in that on the reaction thrust plate of each loading zonule pressure monitoring and warning backup system being installed, this system is made up of micro pressure monitoring plug 8, pilot lamp 7 (or/and hummer) and power control switch 9.
6. according to the described charger of claim 5, it is characterized in that this device is provided with supporting steel frame.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101846593A (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-09-29 | 山东大学 | Numerical control air pressure flexible loading experimental device |
| CN101539491B (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-11-03 | 山东大学 | Device for testing model with three-dimensional gradient nonuniform loading structure |
| CN101738331B (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-08-17 | 北京交通大学 | Tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device |
| CZ302970B6 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2012-01-25 | Vysoké ucení technické v Brne | Frame with loading high-pressure bags |
| CN101706409B (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 大连交通大学 | Loading device and loading mode for use in measurement of hydrogen diffusion in stress field |
| CN103278613A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-09-04 | 清华大学 | Device and method for producing simulated horizontal stress in model test |
| CN108957263A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-07 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | The more stress coupling simulation test devices of XLPE cable accessory interface and method |
| CN110135061A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-16 | 嘉兴丰成电子科技有限公司 | Manganese copper diverter semi physical welding simulation analysis method based on finite element analysis |
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2002
- 2002-04-15 CN CNB021166757A patent/CN1173163C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101539491B (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-11-03 | 山东大学 | Device for testing model with three-dimensional gradient nonuniform loading structure |
| CN101706409B (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 大连交通大学 | Loading device and loading mode for use in measurement of hydrogen diffusion in stress field |
| CZ302970B6 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2012-01-25 | Vysoké ucení technické v Brne | Frame with loading high-pressure bags |
| CN101738331B (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-08-17 | 北京交通大学 | Tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device |
| CN101846593A (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-09-29 | 山东大学 | Numerical control air pressure flexible loading experimental device |
| CN103278613A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-09-04 | 清华大学 | Device and method for producing simulated horizontal stress in model test |
| CN103278613B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-08-12 | 清华大学 | A kind of devices and methods therefor for producing dummy level stress in model test |
| CN108957263A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-07 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | The more stress coupling simulation test devices of XLPE cable accessory interface and method |
| CN108957263B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-06-09 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | XLPE cable accessory interface multi-stress coupling simulation test device and method |
| CN110135061A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-16 | 嘉兴丰成电子科技有限公司 | Manganese copper diverter semi physical welding simulation analysis method based on finite element analysis |
| CN110135061B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2022-12-20 | 嘉兴丰成电子科技有限公司 | Manganese copper shunt semi-physical welding simulation analysis method based on finite element analysis |
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Granted publication date: 20041027 Termination date: 20100415 |