CN106978826B - A kind of Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum - Google Patents
A kind of Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum Download PDFInfo
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- CN106978826B CN106978826B CN201710292247.9A CN201710292247A CN106978826B CN 106978826 B CN106978826 B CN 106978826B CN 201710292247 A CN201710292247 A CN 201710292247A CN 106978826 B CN106978826 B CN 106978826B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
A kind of Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum, includes the following steps：1) shape and size of wall interior panel, are determined；2) foundation depth and thickness, are determined；3), layering is laid with soil layer, buries wall interior panel；4) monitoring grid, is divided；5), installation data acquisition system；6), by water inlet plus water, so that water level is higher than the position of anti-filter plate；7) the maximum hydraulic pressure force value of test, is determined according to the hydraulic pressure of practical bearing course；8) air pressure-loading rank, is determined；9) air pressure, is loaded；10), data collection system measures and records respectively data；11) air pressure of another rank, measurement and record data, are adjusted；12), stop load when cheating bottom surface and starting to occur seepage erosion；13) it, draws discharge pressure and cheats the relational graph of bottom deformation.Effect of the present invention is good, easy to operate, short time limit, expense are low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Foundation Pit bottom stability test methods containing artesian water stratum, are primarily adapted for use in and test indoors
In under different bearing course hydraulic conditions to Foundation Pit bottom stability influence research, belong to engineering test technical field.
Background technique
The exploitation of the underground space is an important trend of urban development, and this be unable to do without the excavation of foundation pit and goes along with sb. to guard him.?
In excavation of foundation pit, since hole bottom top soil pressure is gradually reduced, hole bottom is easily led under the action of bottom of foundation ditch following artesian water
Protuberance, the prominent generation for the engineering accidents such as gushing, and foundation pit opens that hole depth is bigger, and problem is more serious.Stablize to evaluate Foundation Pit bottom
Property, it needs to study the hole bottom displacement under the conditions of different artesian pressures, provides reliable data to Practical Project.Due to
Substrate stability test is destructive testing, it is difficult to be tested in engineering site, and have complex procedures, costly, duration
The deficiencies of long,
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the complex procedures of existing Foundation Pit bottom estimation of stability mode, costly, long in time limit, this hair
It is bright to provide a kind of good effect, easy to operate, short time limit, expense the low Foundation Pit bottom stability test side containing artesian water stratum
Method.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum, realizes that the device of the test method includes
Model casing, wall interior panel, compression system and data collection system, the wall interior panel is located in the model casing, in the model casing
It is laid with the test soil body, the lower part of the wall interior panel is located in the test soil body, the test soil body surface layer in the wall interior panel
For monitor layer, layout data acquisition system on the monitor layer；
The compression system is made of pressurization storehouse, air pump, water inlet pipe, water outlet, valve and closed nut, the pressurization storehouse
Surround model casing, the pressurization storehouse top is equipped with water inlet pipe and valve, and the lower part in the pressurization storehouse is equipped with water outlet, it is described into
Water pipe is blocked using closed nut；The valve is connect with air pump.
The model lower box part is equipped with to be used to supply water and penetrates into model casing while the test soil body being prevented to enter pressurization storehouse
The water level of anti-filter plate, the pressurization storehouse is higher than the top of the anti-filter plate, and the lower part of the wall interior panel is higher than the anti-filter plate
Top.
The test method includes the following steps：
1) shape and size of the wall interior panel, are determined according to the shape, the form of going along with sb. to guard him of foundation pit in Practical Project；
2) foundation depth and thickness, are determined, selects representative soil layer as this examination according to report is surveyed lively
The soil layer tested；
3), layering is laid with soil layer, buries wall interior panel；
4) monitoring grid, is divided；
5), installation data acquisition system；
6), add water and connection air pump；
7), the determination of pressure-loaded rank；
8) air pressure-loading rank, is determined；
9) air pressure, is loaded：It is given in the pressurization storehouse and is pressurizeed by air pump；
10), data collection system measures and records respectively data；
11) air pressure for, adjusting another rank, after stable gas pressure, the change in displacement of monitoring and record pit bottom；
12), in test process, the case where observing the Foundation Pit bottom soil body surface of monitoring surface, when hole, bottom surface starts to occur
Stop load when seepage erosion；
13) it, draws discharge pressure and cheats the relational graph of bottom deformation；When test process is terminated, foundation pit pressure-bearing can be determined
The critical value of water.
Further, the test method is further comprising the steps of：
14) experimental rig, is dismantled：After pressurization storehouse pressure release to atmospheric pressure, water valve is opened, it will be in pressurization storehouse using water outlet
Water discharge.
Further, in the step 4), using the method in the equidistant grid division line of vertical, horizontal, and intersection point is made
To be displaced measuring point.
The data collection system includes LVDT displacement meter, magnetic stand, crossbeam and data collecting instrument, and the crossbeam is located at
On model casing, magnetic stand is fixed on the crossbeam, the magnetic stand is connect with LVDT displacement meter, the LVDT displacement meter battle array
Column is distributed on the monitor layer, and the LVDT displacement meter is connect with the data collecting instrument；In the step 5), according to prison
It the position of survey grid ruling, will be on LVDT displacement meter fixed cross beam with magnetic stand by cross beam movement to corresponding position；The step
It is rapid 10) in, using for LVDT displacement meter to hole the vertical upwaarping deformation in bottom measure and record.
Rubber pad wraps up the flexible needle top of the LVDT displacement meter, and the soil body of the rubber pad and the monitor layer connects
Touching；In the step 5), rubber pad is mounted on LVDT displacement meter pointer end, adjustment displacement meter bracket makes rubber pad and monitoring
Point perpendicular contact.
In the step 3), according to the distribution of soil layer and its thickness, each soil layer is successively divided according to sequence from bottom to top
Layer is laid with, and when being routed to the position of wall interior panel, wall interior panel is placed on to the middle position of model casing, is continued to be laid with soil layer, be pressed
Sequence in first plate outside back plate is laid with the soil body.
Technical concept of the invention is：It is to carry out Foundation Pit bottom stability test under artesian water stratum using laboratory test
Effective means, the Foundation Pit bottom stability test method on artesian water stratum provided by the invention can be evaluated effectively containing holding
The Foundation Pit bottom stability on water stratum is pressed, and has the characteristics that good effect, easy to operate, short time limit, expense are low.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：(1) water-gas combined pressurization.Added in pressurization storehouse using gas and water joint
The mode of pressure controls the size of artesian head by the air pressure above the control water surface.Water consumption is not only reduced, is also overcomed
It is difficult to apply the problem of high pressure.(2) bearing course stable water pressure is high.Model casing is pressurized storehouse and is enclosed in centre, using anti-filter plate
Connect, increase contact area, improves the coverage of artesian water.Pressurization communicates inside storehouse, the phase always of the air pressure on the water surface
Together, and in storehouse water level is consistent, and water pressure is also identical, so the water pressure inside bearing course keeps identical, improves stable water pressure
Property and test effect.(3) displacement measurement mode is reliable.During the test, by being carried out to monitoring point each in monitoring grid
Real-time monitoring, and carry out pit accident displacement using computer and carry out real-time recording and displaying, obtain different artesian water condition holes
The deformation rule of hole bottom surface, provides test basis and Engineering Guidance for field engineering before and after the seepage erosion of bottom.(4) easy to operate,
Expense is low, the time is short, high reliablity.According to the actual conditions of engineering site, experimental rig can carry out group as needed indoors
Dress, process is simple, and the testing time is short, high reliablity；Each component is reusable, and expense is low.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the Foundation Pit bottom stability test device containing artesian water stratum.
Fig. 2 is model casing top view.
Fig. 3 is monitoring net trrellis diagram.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of referring to Fig.1~Fig. 3, Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum, realizes the test
The device of method includes model casing 2, wall interior panel 3, compression system and data collection system, and the wall interior panel 3 is located at the model
In case 2, the test soil body 4 is laid in the model casing 2, the lower part of the wall interior panel 3 is located in the test soil body 4, described to enclose
Test soil body surface layer in backplate 3 is monitor layer, layout data acquisition system on the monitor layer；
The compression system is made of pressurization storehouse 1, air pump 13, water inlet pipe 8, water outlet 10, valve 19 and closed nut 9,
The pressurization storehouse 1 surrounds model casing 2, and 1 top of pressurization storehouse is equipped with water inlet pipe 8 and valve 19, the lower part in the pressurization storehouse 1
Equipped with water outlet 10, the water inlet pipe 8 is blocked using closed nut 9；The valve is connect with air pump；
2 lower part of model casing is equipped with to be used to supply water and penetrates into model casing while the test soil body being prevented to enter pressurization storehouse
The water level of anti-filter plate 7, the pressurization storehouse 1 is higher than the top of the anti-filter plate 7, and the lower part of the wall interior panel 3 is higher than the anti-filter
The top of plate 7；
The test method includes：
1) shape and size of the wall interior panel, are determined according to the shape, the form of going along with sb. to guard him of foundation pit in Practical Project；
2) foundation depth and thickness, are determined, selects representative soil layer as this examination according to report is surveyed lively
The soil layer tested；
3), layering is laid with soil layer, buries wall interior panel；
4) monitoring grid, is divided；
5), installation data acquisition system；
6), add water and connection air pump；
7), the determination of pressure-loaded rank；
8) air pressure-loading rank, is determined；
9) air pressure, is loaded：It is given in the pressurization storehouse and is pressurizeed by air pump；
10), data collection system measures and records respectively data；
11) air pressure for, adjusting another rank, after stable gas pressure, the change in displacement of monitoring and record pit bottom；
12), in test process, the case where observing the Foundation Pit bottom soil body surface of monitoring surface, when hole, bottom surface starts to occur
Stop load when seepage erosion；
13) it, draws discharge pressure and cheats the relational graph of bottom deformation；When test process is terminated, foundation pit pressure-bearing can be determined
The critical value of water.
Further, the test method is further comprising the steps of：
14) experimental rig, is dismantled：After pressurization storehouse pressure release to atmospheric pressure, water valve is opened, it will be in pressurization storehouse using water outlet
Water discharge.
The Foundation Pit bottom stability test device containing artesian water stratum of the present embodiment, including pressurization storehouse 1；Model casing 2；
Wall interior panel 3；It tests the soil body 4 (including the 41, silt clay 42 that bankets, sand 43, clay 44)；Pillar 5；Snap-gauge 6；Anti-filter plate 7；
Water inlet pipe 8；Closed nut 9；Water outlet 10；Water valve 11；Water 12；Air pump 13；Air valve 14；Current divider 15；Tracheae 16；Barometer
17；Stainless steel interface 18；Valve 19；Crossbeam 20；Magnetic stand 21；LVDT displacement meter 22；Rubber pad 23；Monitoring point 24；Data
Acquisition Instrument 25 and computer control system 26.
Wherein, pressurization storehouse 1 surrounds model casing 2, can complete the exchange of water 12 by anti-filter plate 7 therebetween.Model
The quadrangle of case 2 is equipped with pillar 5, and column 5 is equipped with snap-gauge 6, and anti-filter plate 7 can be placed on snap-gauge 6.Water inlet pipe 8 and closing spiral shell
Using being threadedly coupled between mother 9, connection is completed by stainless steel interface 18 between tracheae 16 and valve 19, current divider 15 is connected to
Air pump 13 and tracheae 16 complete air flow.In the both ends incorporation model 1 of crossbeam 20, for placing magnetic stand 21.Rubber pad
23 are equipped with groove, for being embedded in the pointer head of LVDT displacement meter 22.LVDT displacement meter 22 is passed with data collecting instrument 25 with data line
Defeated signal, then data conversion is transferred to computer control system 26.
The test device of the present embodiment includes model casing, four part of wall interior panel, compression system and data collection system.It is described
Model casing is made of transparent tempered glass, the cuboid of top uncovered, including pillar, snap-gauge, anti-filter board group at.In quadrangle
There is the pillar for being used to support and increasing globality, snap-gauge is connected with pillar, for placing anti-filter plate.Anti-filter plate and snap-gauge have 4
Block, positioned at the surrounding of inner wall model casing.The wall interior panel is the rectangular-box of upper and lower uncovered.The compression system is by the storehouse, gas of pressurizeing
The composition such as pump, stainless steel interface, air valve, barometer, water inlet pipe, water outlet, valve, closed nut, water.Pressurization storehouse surrounds mould
Molding box is made of tempered glass, and using angle steel reinforced to improve integral strength.Storehouse top pressurize by 1 water inlet pipe and 4 gas
Door composition, there are 1 water outlets for lower part.Water inlet pipe and water outlet are used as the water level control in pressurization storehouse, are sealed using closed nut
It is stifled；Port is used for air exchange, and is mechanically connected using stainless steel interface and air pump, improves airtightness.Air valve adds for controlling
Press air pressure in storehouse.The data collection system is by LVDT displacement meter, rubber pad, magnetic stand, crossbeam and data collecting instrument
Composition.Rubber pad wraps up the flexible needle top of displacement meter and protects displacement meter, and rubber pad mentions for pointer to be isolated with the soil body
The high monitoring range of displacement meter.Crossbeam is located on model casing, for fixing magnetic stand.The computer data acquisition system
Interior band software, can acquire the data such as LVDT displacement meter and air pressure, hydraulic pressure in real time, and Mobile state of going forward side by side is handled in real time.
In the present embodiment, the proposed subway entrance of certain base pit engineering, foundation pit is integrally presented rectangle, length and width depth of about
50m,30m,10m.Using diaphram wall as building enclosure, depth 20m, with a thickness of 1m.Site soil layers are from top to bottom successively
Be banket, silt clay, sand, clay thickness are respectively 2m, 15m, 5m, 10m, wherein sand is artesian aquifer.This examination
It tests using oil-free mute air pump, maximum can apply the air pressure of 0.5MPa.The box house of this test model case having a size of
1500mm×1000mm×900mm。
The implementation steps of test method of the invention are：
1) board size, shape are gone along with sb. to guard him in determination.Wall interior panel can according to the shape of foundation pit in Practical Project, go along with sb. to guard him form and determine,
Shape can be rectangle, circle, polygon etc., and plastics and steel can be selected in material.Foundation pit uses diaphram wall in the present embodiment
Form, so wall interior panel using 10mm thickness hard plastic board replacement, size is according to Practical Project 50:1 scaling,
Length, width and height take 1m, 0.6m, 0.4m respectively.
2) foundation depth and thickness are determined.Select representative soil layer as this test according to report is surveyed lively
Soil layer, each the thickness of the layer is according to 50：1 scaling, laboratory experiment soil layer be successively from top to bottom banket, Muddy Bottoms
Silty clay, sand, clay, thickness are respectively 0.04,0.3m, 0.1m, 0.2m, foundation depth 0.2m,.
3) layering is laid with soil layer, buries wall interior panel.According to the distribution of soil layer and its thickness, by each soil layer according to from bottom to top
Sequence be successively layered laying.When being routed to the position of wall interior panel, wall interior panel assembly is placed to the middle position of model casing.
Continue to be laid with soil layer, is laid with the soil body by the sequence outside back plate in first plate.The top and bottom of every layer soil body are carried out with horizontal ruler
It measures, guarantees to be laid with levelness, and require to be laid with the engineering specifications that soil layer is likely to be breached scene.
4) monitoring grid is divided.Because being likely to occur the protuberance of the soil body at any one place at Foundation Pit bottom, prominent gushing
Engineering accident, so using the method in the equidistant grid division line of vertical, horizontal, and using intersection point as displacement measuring point.This
The horizontal spacing for testing grid lines is 20cm, longitudinal pitch 15cm, and as 5 × 4 grids amount to 12 monitoring points, can use note
Number pen depicts grid lines in bottom of foundation ditch.
5) installation data acquisition system.Cross beam movement is used into magnetic force to corresponding position according to the position of monitoring net ruling
Rubber pad is mounted on LVDT displacement meter pointer end on LVDT displacement meter fixed cross beam by gauge stand.Adjust displacement meter bracket
Make rubber pad and monitoring point perpendicular contact, guarantees the Measurement reliability of hole subsoil upwaarping deformation.
6) add water and connection air pump.Since pressurization storehouse is relatively closed space, connected using water inlet pipe and valve and the external world
It connects.Suitable quantity of water is injected into pressurization storehouse by water inlet pipe, is more than the position anti-filter plate 0.1m, specific height can be by water inlet pipe
Graduation mark controlled.After stable level, water inlet pipe is sealed using closed nut, then by air pump with it is stainless
The connection of steel sealing joint.
7) determination of pressure-loaded rank.The maximum hydraulic pressure force value of this test is determined according to the hydraulic pressure of practical bearing course.
It is 500kPa that hydraulic pressure is estimated in this example, according to 50:1 scale smaller, i.e. 10kPa.Divide 5 loads, every time load ladder
Degree is 2kPa.
8) air pressure-loading rank is determined.By air pump to pressurizeing in pressurization storehouse, since the water level in pressurization storehouse remains unchanged, because
This can control the head pressure of artesian water by adjusting air pressure size.In this example, head difference is about 1kPa, so air pressure
It is pressurised into 1kPa for the first time, pressurize 2kPa every time later.
9) air pressure is loaded.Observe and record the initial pressure reading on barometer.Open air valve, using air pump to pressurization storehouse
Middle conveying air simultaneously watches barometrical pressure value.Air valve is closed when pressure value increases 2kPa on initial pressure, guarantees to add
It presses and is in pressure constant state inside storehouse.
10) upwaarping deformation monitors.Bottom heave is gradually increased during air pressure-loading, perpendicular to hole bottom using LVDT displacement meter
It measures and records to upwaarping deformation.
11) air pressure is adjusted.Air valve is opened, and is pressurizeed using air pump, increases air pressure to next rank, and maintain pressure not
Become.After stable gas pressure, the change in displacement of monitoring and record pit bottom.
12) test stops.The case where observing Foundation Pit bottom soil body surface in experimentation in real time, when hole, bottom surface starts
Stop load when existing seepage erosion.
13) data preparation.Using computer according to the vertical displacement of 12 mesh points, discharge pressure and the deformation of hole bottom are drawn
Relational graph；When test process is terminated, the critical value of foundation pit artesian water can be determined.
14) experimental rig is dismantled.After pressurization storehouse pressure release to atmospheric pressure, water valve is opened, it will be in pressurization storehouse using water outlet
Water discharge.Related component is removed and wiped in order, and the soil body is for use next time in recovery models case.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum, it is characterised in that：Realize the test method
Device include model casing, wall interior panel, compression system and data collection system, the wall interior panel is located in the model casing, institute
It states and is laid with the test soil body in model casing, the lower part of the wall interior panel is located in the test soil body, the test in the wall interior panel
Soil body surface layer is monitor layer, layout data acquisition system on the monitor layer；
The compression system is made of pressurization storehouse, air pump, water inlet pipe, water outlet, valve and closed nut, and the pressurization storehouse surrounds
Firmly model casing, the pressurization storehouse top are equipped with water inlet pipe and valve, and the lower part in the pressurization storehouse is equipped with water outlet, the water inlet pipe
It is blocked using closed nut；The valve is connect with air pump；
The model lower box part is equipped with the anti-filter that the test soil body will can be prevented simultaneously to enter pressurization storehouse in water penetration to model casing
The water level of plate, the pressurization storehouse is higher than the top of the anti-filter plate, and the lower part of the wall interior panel is higher than the top of the anti-filter plate；
The test method includes the following steps：
1) shape and size of the wall interior panel, are determined according to the shape, the form of going along with sb. to guard him of foundation pit in Practical Project；
2) foundation depth and thickness, are determined, selects representative soil layer to test as this according to report is surveyed lively
Soil layer；
3), layering is laid with soil layer, buries wall interior panel；
4) monitoring grid, is divided；
5), installation data acquisition system；
6), add water and connection air pump；
7), the determination of pressure-loaded rank；
8) air pressure-loading rank, is determined；
9) air pressure, is loaded：It is given in the pressurization storehouse and is pressurizeed by air pump；
10), data collection system measures and records respectively data；
11) air pressure for, adjusting another rank, after stable gas pressure, the change in displacement of monitoring and record pit bottom；
12), in test process, the case where observing the Foundation Pit bottom soil body surface of monitoring surface, when hole, bottom surface starts seepage flow occur
Stop load when destruction；
13) it, draws discharge pressure and cheats the relational graph of bottom deformation；When test process is terminated, foundation pit artesian water can be determined
Critical value.
2. the Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Test method is further comprising the steps of：
14) experimental rig, is dismantled：To pressurization storehouse pressure release to atmospheric pressure after, open water valve, using water outlet by pressurize storehouse in water
Discharge.
3. the Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
In the step 4), using the method in the equidistant grid division line of vertical, horizontal, and using intersection point as displacement measuring point.
4. the Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
The data collection system includes LVDT displacement meter, magnetic stand, crossbeam and data collecting instrument, and the crossbeam is located at model casing
On, magnetic stand is fixed on the crossbeam, the magnetic stand is connect with LVDT displacement meter, the LVDT displacement meter array point
On the monitor layer, the LVDT displacement meter is connect cloth with the data collecting instrument；In the step 5), according to monitoring grid
It the position of line, will be on LVDT displacement meter fixed cross beam with magnetic stand by cross beam movement to corresponding position；The step 10)
In, the hole vertical upwaarping deformation in bottom is measured and recorded using LVDT displacement meter.
5. the Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Rubber
Pad wraps up the flexible needle top of the LVDT displacement meter, and the rubber pad is contacted with the soil body of the monitor layer.
6. the Foundation Pit bottom stability test method containing artesian water stratum as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
In the step 3), according to the distribution of soil layer and its thickness, each soil layer is successively layered laying according to sequence from bottom to top, when
When being routed to the position of wall interior panel, wall interior panel is placed on to the middle position of model casing, continues to be laid with soil layer, by back plate in first plate
Outer sequence is laid with the soil body.
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| CN108362856B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-08-04 | 浙江科技学院 | Model experiment device for simulating long-term ground settlement of urban high-density area |
| CN108344839A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-07-31 | 中交海峡建设投资有限公司 | A kind of foundation pit Horizontal seals water proof experimental rig and method |
| CN108508189B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2023-09-29 | 华侨大学 | Test device and method for foundation pit damage caused by coupling action of seepage field and vibration field |
| CN109024718B (en) * | 2018-09-16 | 2020-11-10 | 中建二局第一建筑工程有限公司 | Foundation pit horizontal back cover water-resisting test device and method |
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