CN103503677B - Method for improving productivity and quality of liquorice seeds - Google Patents
Method for improving productivity and quality of liquorice seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding and elite breeding and relates to a production method of liquorice elite breeding. The production method includes the following steps that firstly, a growth period is met and fruit abortion is relieved; secondly, the planting density is limited and seed yield is ensured; thirdly, fertilizing management is performed and bud breeding and blossoming are ensured; fourthly, drought and flooding are prevented and the number of blooming flowers is reduced; fifthly, artificial supplementary pollination is performed; sixthly, the coordinating relation between nutrition growth and reproduction growth is regulated, the density of flowers and fruits is low and the maturity degree is improved; seventhly, insects are prevented and treated and the quality of seeds is improved; eighthly, overwintering and coldness preventing are performed and freeze injuries to flower buds are reduced; ninthly, blended selection and seed collecting are performed and the purity of the seeds is ensured. According to the production method of liquorice elite breeding, the liquorice growth environment is improved, fertilizing is performed according to a formula, and planting is performed reasonably and densely, so that the cycle of blooming and podding of seeds is shortened and the seed podding rate, the maturity degree and the yield are correspondingly improved. The technical barrier in artificial cultivation of liquorice seeds in production is effectively removed, the yield and the quality of the seeds are improved, the situation that wild seeds are gradually less is relieved and the demand for seeds in the market is met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant breeding and Seed-breeding techniques field, i.e. a kind of method improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality.
Background technology
Radix Glycyrrhizae is pulse family (Leguminosae) glycyrrhiza genus, mainly contains Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), glycyrrhiza inflate bat (Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.) or glycyrrhiza glabra (Glycyrrhiza glabr.).Radix Glycyrrhizae is the Chinese herbal medicine simply that in China's more than 6,000 kind of Chinese herbal medicine, consumption is maximum, and annual consumption reaches more than 60,000 tons, have saying of " ten side nine grass, without grass not Cheng Fang ".At present, the wild licorice of China northeast, northwest, North China has excavated 60 years continuously, resource has been destroyed nearly more than 80%, the main root that diameter is more than 1.0 centimetres is rarely found, underground root and rhizome reserves are fewer and feweri, due to Glycyrrhiza Seeds main source wild licorice, bring great threat to Glycyrrhiza Seeds production and supply.Main producing region carry out wild licorice foster protection storage provenance while; greatly develop artificial planting Radix Glycyrrhizae; be the Main way of Radix Glycyrrhizae industry development, annual artificial planting Radix Glycyrrhizae has the development space of 100,000 mu at present, but provenance is in short supply; seminal propagation technology is lack of standardization; seed production is low, of poor quality, is difficult to meet the wilderness demand produced provenance, the invention provides a kind of production method of Radix Glycyrrhizae stock breeding for this reason; greatly will improve seed productivity, alleviate the pressure of seed supply shortage.Wild licorice provenance is the main source of current artificial planting Glycyrrhiza Seeds, artificial breeding Glycyrrhiza Seeds technology is lack of standardization, seed quality is made not reach the quality of wild seed, simultaneously, production cycle is long, and artificial breeding Glycyrrhiza Seeds will wait until the 4th year and just can bloom seed collecting, generally about every mu of 3-10 kilogram, yield poorly, production cost is higher.
The present invention is by environment and planting density choose reasonable, ensure that the field management technology of seed plumpness, maturity and good quality and high output is implemented, to effectively solve the technology barrier of artificial planting Glycyrrhiza Seeds production, improve seed production and quality, ensure that market is to the demand of seed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned deficiency and a kind of method improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality is provided.By improving growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis environment, rational application of fertilizers and rational close planting, seed is bloomed bear pods cycle time, seed Pod Bearing Percentage, maturity and output to be improved accordingly, to effectively solve the technology barrier of artificial planting Glycyrrhiza Seeds production, improve seed production and quality, alleviate the present situation that wild seed is less and less, ensure that market is to the demand of seed.
The technology of the present invention solution is: a kind of method improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality, and its step is as follows:
(1) set up the seed field meeting the fertility time limit, ensure fully to blossom and bear fruit, ensure seed produces.Radix Glycyrrhizae system perennial herb ratio of rhizome medicinal material, in artificial live situation, life in 3 ~ 4 years can be gathered Radix Glycyrrhizae, grow life in 6 ~ 7 years just to blossom and bear fruit seed of gathering, limited in the past by production cost, cultivation production field is difficult to reach time limit requirement of reserving seed for planting, seed field and production field are set up separately for this reason, extend the growth year of seed field, ensure fully to bloom knot, thus ensure seed produces.
(2) limit planting density, ensure seed production: by density 3.0 ~ 4.0 ten thousand plants/acre of keeping a full stand of seedings, seed consumption is 3.0 ~ 4.0kg/ mu; Seedling number is stayed in the final singling of Radix Glycyrrhizae seed field planting density, and with 1.5 ~ 1.8 ten thousand plants/acre, seed consumption is 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ mu.Radix Glycyrrhizae perennially repeatedly produces seeds plant, reduces overstockedly to cause nutrient competition, and seed field planting density wants appropriateness, annual lasting blossoming and having seeds can ensure after.
(3) fertilizing management, ensure that pregnant flower bud blooms: the field of Radix Glycyrrhizae production in the past only note whole ground and growth early stage fertilising; In order to promote plant development, except emerging in Radix Glycyrrhizae or fertilising after turning green, before noting buddingging, the pregnant flower bud phase combines and irrigates dressing fertilizer simultaneously.
(4) take precautions against drought water drainage, ensure to bloom number: in annual 3-4 month in spring, note watering; Connect rainy day ponding and will note water drainage, reduce flower and fall, ensure the seed output and quality of seed.In annual 3 ~ April of spring, note watering according to damage caused by a drought; Pregnant flower bud blooms and thoroughly fills with once early stage, blooms and pod bearing period also should pour water.
(5) artificial supplementary pollination, adopts and puts the pollinating process that honeybee or manual type assist Radix Glycyrrhizae.
(6) Spindling control, flower and fruit thinning, raising maturity: spray plant growth regulator, controls growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, in 7 months, the last ten-days period spray plant growth regulator 2-3 time; 7 ~ August of flower thinning time; 8 ~ September of fruit thinning time.Wild seed collecting, does not have the flower and fruit thinning of labor management to manage, and the empty flat seed of seed is many, and seed quality is poor.Seed field will utilize plant growth regulator Spindling control, flower and fruit thinning, raising maturity.
(7) pest control, seed quality is improved: mid or late June yielded positive results the phase to early August, prevented insect pest, carried out bio-chemical control and mythimna separata lamp, insect-sticking plate control.
(8) survive the winter cold-proof, reduce Bud Cold Damage: the main root of Radix Glycyrrhizae and horizontal walk stem form in winter then survive the winter bud and bud, bud of surviving the winter should cover at soil layer 2 ~ 5cm place; Or the area that dust storm is large, suitable ridging be noted; Or autumn headkerchief excrement.
(9) mixed choosing is collected seed, is ensured seed purity: the time limit of live seed field will control be not less than in quadrennial seed field, and the Radix Glycyrrhizae selecting the health that plant is tall and big, cane is sturdy, blade is thick, roomy is plant left to run to seed; Early August fructescence, one or many fruit picking, by fruit picking roguing, selects excellent reserving seed for planting.
Meet more than 130 days frost-free season in step (1), ensure enough breeding times, effectively can reduce blasting.
Dressing fertilizer is urea in step (3), or imposes dikalium phosphate 2000g+urea 1500g+ borax 1000g, to water 400 ~ 500kg.
Plant growth regulator in step (6) is paclobutrazol PP333, chlormequat or compound sodium nitrophenolate.
In the step (6) flower thinning inflorescence have 1/2nd little the flowers are in blossom put time, extract the flower near branch taper, stay the flower on branch top, the sick and weak flower in inflorescence and scattered spend all to pinch remove.
In step (6), fruit thinning is suitable with the laggard behavior of setting, extracts the fruit near branch taper, pinches hair loss and educates bad fruit grain and sick fruit, retain the kind fruit that thrive is good with hand.
Every 667m before step (8) headkerchief excrement in middle autumn is freeze-up in the winter time
2fertilizer 2000 ~ 2500kg can be imposed, or rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer 200 kilograms.
Radix Glycyrrhizae is reserved seed for planting and is 30 years, and the environment of initial selection of land and planting density pattern are the keys ensureing to continue to collect seed, and meanwhile, ensures that the field management technology of seed plumpness, maturity and good quality and high output is the key of seed produces.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention discloses a kind of method improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality, make production seed used reach production standard requirement.
(2) the invention discloses the seed field set up and meet the fertility time limit, ensure fully to blossom and bear fruit, ensure seed produces.
(3) instant invention overcomes deficiency of the prior art, make line-spacing, spacing in the rows obtains effective control, continue seed high yield for many years to obtain.
(4) the invention discloses rational application of fertilizers, base fertilizer and vegetative period topdress and combine, and ensure balanced in nutrition, Accelerate bloom is beared fruit.
(5) the invention discloses and prevent Radix Glycyrrhizae bud undue arid dry bud in spring, connect rainy day ponding and reduce flower and fall, ensure watering and water drainage method of the seed output and quality of seed.
(6) the invention discloses the bio-chemical control to the primary pest of Radix Glycyrrhizae bean weevil, Glycyrrhiza Seeds chalcid fly harm seed development and mythimna separata lamp, insect-sticking plate prevention and controls, seed lowers, seed quality declines effectively to prevent insect pest from causing.
(7) the invention discloses and ensure that Radix Glycyrrhizae survives the winter the method for bud and bud safe overwintering, effectively can improve survive the winter spring in next year bud and and florescence bud germination rate.
(8) the invention discloses by fruit picking roguing, technology of reserving seed for planting from growing fine, healthy anosis Field of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, effectively can ensure seed purity, improve seed quality.
(9) the present invention's step of breeding Glycyrrhiza Seeds is simple, directly perceived, practical, and stock breeding program be operable is strong, opens the approach of an artificial propagation Glycyrrhiza Seeds, and Radix Glycyrrhizae large-scale industrial is produced becomes possibility.
(10) the invention solves the contradiction that Glycyrrhiza Seeds relies on wild natural propagation natural resources shortage and market demand increasingly to increase.Solve the real contradiction that far can not meet need of production, huge ecological benefits, economic benefit and social benefit can be produced.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.
Embodiment
A kind of method improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality:
1, meet breeding time, reduce blasting
Radix Glycyrrhizae fertility will experience period of seedling establishment, branching stage, pregnant flower bud phase, flowering stage, productive phase, very long growing process of withered and yellow phase, Radix Glycyrrhizae is very strong to weather conditions adaptability, distribution is also very wide, but, inflorescence in the process of growing by climatic factor impact can cause opened flower can not result abortion fruit produces, different regions fruiting rate difference is obvious.Meet frost-free season more than 130d, ensure enough breeding times, effectively can reduce blasting.
2, limit planting density, ensure seed production
By suitable density 3.0 ~ 4.0 ten thousand plants/acre of keeping a full stand of seedings, seed consumption is about 3.0 ~ 4.0kg/ mu, and seedling number is stayed in the final singling of Radix Glycyrrhizae seed field planting density, and with 1.5 ~ 1.8 ten thousand plants/acre, seed consumption is about 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ mu; Radix Glycyrrhizae perennially repeatedly produces seeds plant, reduces overstockedly to cause nutrient competition.Annual lasting blossoming and having seeds after density appropriateness can ensure, Radix Glycyrrhizae produces seeds the frequency that biennial bearing occurs, ensures seed high and stable yields.
3, fertilizing management, the pregnant flower bud of guarantee bloom
Whole ground and growth fertilising in early stage are only noted in the field of Radix Glycyrrhizae production in the past; In order to promote plant development, except emerging in Radix Glycyrrhizae or fertilising after turning green, before noting buddingging, the pregnant flower bud phase imposes urea in conjunction with irrigation simultaneously, imposes or spray the middle and trace element such as dikalium phosphate and boron, zinc, molybdenum between breeding time.
4, take precautions against drought water drainage, ensure to bloom number
Prevent undue arid, annual 3-4 month in spring spring, prevent the dry bud of Radix Glycyrrhizae bud, note watering according to damage caused by a drought, ensure the normal growth of rudiment and cauline leaf.Waterlogging can cause flower to fall, thus affects the seed output and quality of seed.Connect rainy day ponding for this reason and will note water drainage.
5, artificial supplementary pollination, adopts and puts the pollinating process that honeybee mode assists Radix Glycyrrhizae.
6, Spindling control, flower and fruit thinning, raising maturity
Because Radix Glycyrrhizae mid or late June blooms from bottom to top successively, seed is ripe successively for 8 ~ September.7 ~ August of flower thinning time, inflorescence have 1/2nd little the flowers are in blossom put time.Extract near the flower of branch taper, stay the flower on branch top, the sick and weak flower in inflorescence and scattered spend all to pinch remove, make the inflorescence that nutriment centralizedly supply retains, large and full seed can be obtained like this.8 ~ September of fruit thinning time, suitable with the laggard behavior of setting.Extract near the fruit of branch taper, pinch hair loss with hand and educate bad fruit grain and some sick fruits, retain the kind fruit that thrive is good, make fruit grain more greatly, more neat, large and full seed can be obtained like this.
7, pest control, raising seed quality
There is for 1 generation in 1 year in Radix Glycyrrhizae bean weevil, survives the winter in Glycyrrhiza Seeds with larva, and late May starts to sprout wings, and mainly takes food the Glycyrrhiza Seeds of storage period, eaten into into by beans empty not plump.Glycyrrhiza Seeds chalcid fly Adult worms producting eggs is on the seed coat of Chinese olive phase, and after larvae hatch, moth eats seed, and pupates in seed, and after adult eclosion, seed coat of breaking by the teeth is escaped from, and seed of being injured is eaten hollow, very large on seed production impact.Mid or late June yielded positive results the phase to early August, prevented insect pest, and carry out bio-chemical control and mythimna separata lamp, insect-sticking plate control, seed lowers, seed quality declines to prevent insect pest from causing.
8, survive the winter cold-proof, reduce Bud Cold Damage
The main root of Radix Glycyrrhizae and horizontal walk stem form in winter then survive the winter bud and bud, ensure safe overwintering, bud of surviving the winter should at soil layer 2 ~ 5cm place.Do not basset, the area that dust storm is large, note suitable ridging, autumn headkerchief excrement.Freeze-up front every 667m in the winter time
2fertilizer 2000 ~ 2500kg or rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer 200 kilograms can be imposed.Effective promotion bud normal differentiation, improves germination rate in next year.
9, mixed choosing is collected seed, is ensured seed purity
The time limit of live seed field will control be not less than in quadrennial seed field, and seed comparative maturity is full, and commodity is good.The Radix Glycyrrhizae selecting the health that plant is tall and big, cane is sturdy, blade is thick, roomy from growing fine, healthy anosis Field of Glycyrrhiza uralensis is plant left to run to seed, early August fructescence, gather when entering fixed slurry mid-term when seed is brown by blue-stain in pod; One or many fruit picking, because Radix Glycyrrhizae is self-pollinated plant, by fruit picking roguing, selects excellent reserving seed for planting, can ensure seed purity effectively, improves seed quality.
Seed collection: in excellent seed field or the stock breeding field through flower and fruit thinning measure.Selection is not less than 4 years healthy and strong plant of life, full, without the fruit of insect pest, removes and mixes plant, with reaping hook manual operations, is held by the liquorice fruit basket under adopting.Cut off pod, dry, roll, use stone crushed fruit, take out seed, then after drying, hang and hide indoor seasoning ventilation, selection by winnowing is planted only, and degree of purity requires more than 98%, and seed collection should be down to less than 11% ~ 14% moisture, what load after insect-prevention treatment is bag weaved, leaves in the warehouse of protection against the tide, lucifuge, ventilation.
Claims (7)
1. improve a method for Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) set up the seed field meeting the fertility time limit, ensure fully to blossom and bear fruit, ensure seed produces;
(2) limit planting density, ensure seed production: by density 3.0 ~ 4.0 ten thousand plants/acre of keeping a full stand of seedings, seed consumption is 3.0 ~ 4.0kg/ mu; Seedling number is stayed in the final singling of Radix Glycyrrhizae seed field planting density, and with 1.5 ~ 1.8 ten thousand plants/acre, seed consumption is 1.5 ~ 2.0kg/ mu;
(3) fertilizing management, ensure that pregnant flower bud blooms: except emerging in Radix Glycyrrhizae or fertilising after turning green, before noting buddingging, the pregnant flower bud phase combines and irrigates dressing fertilizer simultaneously;
(4) take precautions against drought water drainage, ensure to bloom number: in annual 3-4 month in spring, note watering; Connect rainy day ponding and will note water drainage;
(5) artificial supplementary pollination, adopts and puts the pollinating process that honeybee or manual type assist Radix Glycyrrhizae;
(6) Spindling control, flower and fruit thinning, raising maturity: spray plant growth regulator, controls growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, in 7 months, the last ten-days period spray plant growth regulator 2-3 time; 7 ~ August of flower thinning time; 8 ~ September of fruit thinning time;
(7) pest control, seed quality is improved: mid or late June yielded positive results the phase to early August, prevented insect pest, carried out bio-chemical control and mythimna separata lamp, insect-sticking plate control;
(8) survive the winter cold-proof, reduce Bud Cold Damage: the main root of Radix Glycyrrhizae and horizontal walk stem form in winter then survive the winter bud and bud, bud of surviving the winter should cover at soil layer 2 ~ 5cm place; Or the area that dust storm is large, suitable ridging be noted; Or autumn headkerchief excrement;
(9) mixed choosing is collected seed, is ensured seed purity: the time limit of live seed field will control be not less than in quadrennial seed field, and the Radix Glycyrrhizae selecting the health that plant is tall and big, cane is sturdy, blade is thick, roomy is plant left to run to seed; Early August fructescence, one or many fruit picking, by fruit picking roguing, selects excellent reserving seed for planting.
2., according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that meeting more than 130 days frost-free season in step (1), ensure enough breeding times, effectively can reduce blasting.
3. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that dressing fertilizer is urea in step (3), or impose dikalium phosphate 2000g+urea 1500g+ borax 1000g, to water 400 ~ 500kg.
4., according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the plant growth regulator in step (6) is paclobutrazol PP333, chlormequat or compound sodium nitrophenolate.
5. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality according to claim 1, to it is characterized in that in the step (6) flower thinning inflorescence have 1/2nd little the flowers are in blossom put time, extract near the flower of branch taper, stay the flower on branch top, the sick and weak flower in inflorescence and scattered spend all to pinch remove.
6. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that fruit thinning is suitable with the laggard behavior of setting in step (6), extract the fruit near branch taper, pinch hair loss with hand and educate bad fruit grain and sick fruit, retain the kind fruit that thrive is good.
7., according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds seed output and quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that every 667m before step (8) headkerchief excrement in middle autumn is freeze-up in the winter time
2fertilizer 2000 ~ 2500kg can be imposed, or rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer 200 kilograms.
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| CN103814751B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-10-07 | 中国药材公司 | A kind of cultivation method improving Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate and output |
| CN103988690B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-05-04 | 陇西稷丰种业有限责任公司 | A kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase |
| CN105052506A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-18 | 新疆康隆科技股份有限公司 | Plantation method for improving liquorice seed quality |
| CN108617454B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2020-06-02 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for producing seeds of ammopiptanthus nanus for protecting ex-situ in desert area |
| CN109197021A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-15 | 河西学院 | A kind of Glycyrrhiza Seeds automatization processing method |
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| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee | ||
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Address after: 137000 Baicheng city of Jilin province Baicheng Huaihe Industrial Park, Bohai East Street northbound Patentee after: Jilin green Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Address before: 137000 Baicheng City, Jilin province Huaihe Industrial Park Road Bohai Street East Patentee before: Dalian Lvbo Baicheng Liquorice Technology Development Co., Ltd. |