CN103243324B - The preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control and equipment - Google Patents
The preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control and equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control and equipment, by molten metal bath jet in basic unit, heat is taken away rapidly by basic unit and rare gas element convection current, jet molten metal solidifies while running bases walking, due to solidify be dispersion process, molten metal heat is dissipated instantaneously, thus realizes having solidifying of larger cooling rate.Be different from traditional metal jet deposition flash set technology, the molten metal that jet goes out is continuous column liquid stream, but not the molten drop that disperse is tiny, column liquid stream is inner without gas.The moment of liquid stream before solidifying occurs laterally to sprawl, and can realize fine and close metallurgical binding.Due to pumping high vacuum deoxygenation and pass into high purity inert gas protection, between metal deposition layer non-oxidation occur, do not generate the oxide film affecting metallurgical quality.
Description
The preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of technical field: the preparation method and the equipment that the present invention relates to a kind of metal parts, particularly a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control and equipment, belong to material science.
Background technology: metal jet deposition technique is taught by the Singer of Britain to propose in the seventies the earliest; principle is: under inert atmosphere protection; the nozzle atomization of particular design is utilized by molten metal to form particle jetting stream; inject directly on the matrix of water-cooled, through shock, coalescent, solidify and form settling.Spray deposition technique is a kind of novel blank-making method, is widely used in preparation various alloy and matrix material pipe, slab, ingot blank etc.In recent years, although spray deposition technique obtains fast development, it is inherently the principle adopting professor Singer to propose.But current spray-deposition method is by spraying on rotation basal plane, obtain shape deposition blank.Also have a kind of material preparation method to be directly spray molten metal bath to flow on the chilling copper dish of high speed rotating, prepare amorphous, nanocrystalline strip.But these methods all cannot directly obtain the part with complicated abnormal shape cross section.
In recent years, increase material manufacturing technology and be also applied to metal Quick-forming.The quick straight forming of current metal mainly adopts the method for laser, electron beam cladding, namely numerical control method is utilized to be paved into part shape by preset for metal-powder, utilize superlaser, by electron beam metal powder smelting, again at this layer of upper berth metal-powder after cooled and solidified, use laser, electron beam heat fused, cooled and solidified again, continuous and so forth, just make the part with complicated shape.The feature of the method be shaping accurately, mechanical property is higher.But the method must be raw material with metal-powder, because the total surface area that feed metal powder particle is huge is difficult to avoid there is zone of oxidation, larger on the impact of solidified structure inside.There is space between metal powder granulates, the material structure obtained is difficult to the compactness extent reaching direct casting metal, and defect is more, affects metallurgical quality.Particularly when preparing Metallic Functional Materials, the zone of oxidation on huge surface has a strong impact on the purity of Metallic Functional Materials, thus affects the realization of function.
In addition, above-mentioned direct forming technique, due to the restriction of heating beam spot size, efficiency is lower, and a heavy parts often needs even within several days, just can make for several hours.
Chinese patent " a kind of preparation method of planar reciprocating spraying to deposit multilayer composite material and equipment " (200710010694.7), this patent deposition substrate only has motion in one dimension in the horizontal plane, therefore cannot carry out the direct forming of 3 D workpiece.
Summary of the invention: for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides preparation method and the equipment of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the equipment of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control, comprise body of heater pedestal, vacuum double body of heater, fire door, fire door body of heater viewing window, vacuumometer, rare gas element forced cooling device, crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device, temperature measuring equipment, body of heater viewing window, rare gas element intake valve, air interchange valve, deposition substrate motion controller, numerical control programming computer, vacuum pump, melting power supply, rare gas element bottle, running gear support, horizontally rotate pedestal, horizontal plane rotation slide rail, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism, vertical one-dimensional running gear, metallurgical jet deposition substrate, bending deposition workpiece tilting vice, melting heating unit, smelting pot, feed mechanism, temperature thermocouple, infrared temperature measurement apparatus, deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism, substrate recirculated cooling water pipeline and cooling water system.Vacuum double body of heater is fixed on body of heater pedestal, and vacuum double body of heater is provided with fire door, and fire door is provided with fire door body of heater viewing window.Vacuumometer, rare gas element forced cooling device and temperature measuring equipment are fixed on vacuum double body of heater.Body of heater viewing window, rare gas element intake valve, air interchange valve are arranged on the furnace wall of vacuum double body of heater.Vacuum pump vacuumizes vacuum double body of heater.Running gear support, horizontally rotate pedestal, horizontal plane rotation slide rail, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism, vertical one-dimensional running gear, metallurgical jet deposition substrate, bending deposition workpiece tilting vice, melting heating unit, smelting pot, feed mechanism, temperature thermocouple, infrared temperature measurement apparatus and deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism and be all in vacuum double body of heater.Crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device pass vacuum double body of heater and are connected with smelting pot.Rare gas element bottle and rare gas element forced cooling device and crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device are connected.Smelting pot is in the top of metallurgical jet deposition substrate.Metallurgical jet deposition substrate is provided with bending deposition workpiece tilting vice.Deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism and vertical one-dimensional running gear are fixed on the lower end of metallurgical jet deposition substrate.Horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism is fixed on the lower end of vertical one-dimensional running gear.Horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism is fixed on horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism.Running gear support is fixed on the inwall of vacuum double body of heater.Horizontally rotate pedestal be hollow structure and be fixed on running gear support.Horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism is fixed on by horizontal plane rotation slide rail and horizontally rotates on pedestal.Deposition substrate motion controller and running gear support, horizontally rotate pedestal, horizontal plane rotation slide rail, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism, vertical one-dimensional running gear, metallurgical jet deposition substrate be connected.Numerical control programming computer is connected with deposition substrate motion controller.Melting power supply is connected with melting heating unit.Melting heating unit is fixed on outside smelting pot.Feed mechanism is arranged on the upper end of smelting pot.Temperature thermocouple is inserted in smelting pot.Infrared temperature measurement apparatus is arranged on the top of metallurgical jet deposition substrate.The bottom of smelting pot has fluid orifice.Metallurgical jet deposition substrate is connected with cooling water system by substrate recirculated cooling water pipeline, and vacuum double body of heater is also connected with cooling water system.
The preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control: metallic substance raw material is put into smelting pot; with vacuum pump, vacuum suction is carried out to smelting furnace; when normal atmosphere in stove reaches after certain vacuum degree; be filled with the rare gas element of certain pressure, to protect the molten metal in fusion process not oxidized.Utilize the distance between vertical one-dimensional running gear adjustment smelting pot bottom fluid orifice and deposition substrate.Melting heating devices heat metallic substance is to fusing, with crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device, smelting pot is pressurizeed, the metallic substance liquid of the molten state in smelting pot is flowed out vertically downward along the fluid orifice bottom smelting pot, metallic substance liquation jet is on metallurgical jet deposition substrate, metallurgical jet deposition substrate moves according to motion control program prepared in advance, the liquation that jet goes out in deposition substrate according to the figure rapid solidification of computer programing.The metal material layer that jet has solidified to last layer by jet molten metal in substrate cyclic motion process solidifies, and in the jet deposition process moved in circles, the height of the metal works base solidified constantly raises.Controlling vertical one-dimensional running gear by computer programming makes metallurgical jet deposition substrate constantly decline, and the distance of smelting pot fluid orifice and jet deposition point is remained unchanged.In metallurgical jet process, pay-off is utilized constantly in smelting pot, to supplement raw metal, to make up the decline of metal bath surface.By the metallurgical jet deposition process moved in circles, just obtain the metallic substance workpiece of computer substrate motion program prepared in advance.
For there being bending metal works, computer programming can be utilized to control deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism 31 and to carry out verting of certain angle, to ensure that jet molten metal and depositional plane are mutually vertical, thus acquisition curved workpieces, deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism can utilize horizontal plane rotation slide rail 19 to change curved course, thus obtains the warp architecture workpiece of high complexity.
By controlling metallurgical jet substrate motion speed and metal liquid stream emitted dose, control solidi fication speed and molten metal laterally can sprawl width, obtaining the metal parts of any complicated shape of composite design required thickness.
The present invention utilizes computer programming to control metal jet deposition substrate multiple degree of freedom walking path; substrate is made to obtain the walking path of the various complicated shapes required by multivariant part forming; under pumping high vacuum passes into high purity inert gas protection again; utilize the means such as induction heating, resistive heating by with the melting of metal in the crucible of nozzle, with rare gas element etc., molten metal bath stream is gone out to crucible pressurized jet.Initial molten metal by jet to substrate by rapid solidification, the motion due to substrate is the process of moving in circles, and molten metal is thereafter solidified to the basic unit of just having solidified again by jet, and the realization that moves in circles of this process is built a wall formula deposition formation.By controlling substrate motion speed and metal liquid stream emitted dose, control solidi fication speed and molten metal laterally sprawl width, carry out fast directly preparation and have the metal parts of any complicated shape.
Molten metal bath jet is in basic unit, heat is taken away rapidly by basic unit and rare gas element convection current, and jet molten metal solidifies while running bases walking, is the process of disperseing owing to solidifying, molten metal heat is dissipated instantaneously, thus realizes having solidifying of larger cooling rate.
Be different from traditional metal jet deposition flash set technology, the molten metal that jet goes out is continuous column liquid stream, but not the molten drop that disperse is tiny, column liquid stream is inner without gas.The moment of liquid stream before solidifying occurs laterally to sprawl, and can realize fine and close metallurgical binding.Due to pumping high vacuum deoxygenation and pass into high purity inert gas protection, between metal deposition layer non-oxidation occur, do not generate the oxide film affecting metallurgical quality.(belonging to a kind of without die casting)
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of multi-degree of freedom numerical control metallurgical jet direct forming equipment.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of vacuum double body of heater.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of vacuum double body of heater.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3: the equipment of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control, comprise body of heater pedestal 1, vacuum double body of heater 2, fire door 3, fire door body of heater viewing window 4, mechanical vacuum meter 5, rare gas element forced cooling device 6, crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device 7, temperature measuring equipment 8, body of heater viewing window 9, rare gas element intake valve 10, air interchange valve 11, deposition substrate motion controller 12, numerical control programming computer 13, vacuum pump 14, melting power supply 15, rare gas element bottle 16, running gear support 17, horizontally rotate pedestal 18, horizontal plane rotation slide rail 19, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism 20, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism 21, vertical one-dimensional running gear 22, metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23, bending deposition workpiece tilting vice 24, melting heating unit 25, smelting pot 26, feed mechanism 27, temperature thermocouple 28, infrared temperature measurement apparatus 29 and deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism 31, substrate recirculated cooling water pipeline 32 and cooling water system 33.Vacuum double body of heater 2 is fixed on body of heater pedestal 1, and vacuum double body of heater 2 is provided with fire door 3, and fire door 3 is provided with fire door body of heater viewing window 4.Mechanical vacuum meter 5, rare gas element forced cooling device 6 and temperature measuring equipment 8 are fixed on vacuum double body of heater 2.Body of heater viewing window 9, rare gas element intake valve 10, air interchange valve 11 are arranged on the furnace wall of vacuum double body of heater 2.Vacuum pump 14 pairs of vacuum double bodies of heater 2 vacuumize.Running gear support 17, horizontally rotate pedestal 18, horizontal plane rotation slide rail 19, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism 20, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism 21, vertical one-dimensional running gear 22, metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23, bending deposition workpiece tilting vice 24, melting heating unit 25, smelting pot 26, feed mechanism 27, temperature thermocouple 28, infrared temperature measurement apparatus 29 and deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism 31 and be all in vacuum double body of heater 2.Crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device 7 pass vacuum double body of heater 2 and are connected with smelting pot 26.Rare gas element bottle 16 and rare gas element forced cooling device 6 and crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device 7 are connected.Smelting pot 26 is in the top of metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23.Metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23 is provided with bending deposition workpiece tilting vice 24.Deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism 31 and vertical one-dimensional running gear 22 are fixed on the lower end of metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23.Horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism 21 is fixed on the lower end of vertical one-dimensional running gear 22.Horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism 21 is fixed on horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism 20.Running gear support 17 is fixed on the inwall of vacuum double body of heater 2.Horizontally rotate pedestal 18 be hollow structure and be fixed on running gear support 17.Horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism 20 is fixed on by horizontal plane rotation slide rail 19 and horizontally rotates on pedestal 18.Deposition substrate motion controller 12 and running gear support 17, horizontally rotate pedestal 18, horizontal plane rotation slide rail 19, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism 20, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism 21, vertical one-dimensional running gear 22, metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23 be connected.Numerical control programming computer 13 is connected with deposition substrate motion controller 12.Melting power supply 15 is connected with melting heating unit 25.Melting heating unit 25 is fixed on outside smelting pot 26.Feed mechanism 27 is arranged on the upper end of smelting pot 26.Temperature thermocouple 28 is inserted in smelting pot 26.Infrared temperature measurement apparatus 29 is arranged on the top of metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23.The bottom of smelting pot 26 has fluid orifice.Metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23 is connected with cooling water system 33 by substrate recirculated cooling water pipeline 32, and vacuum double body of heater 2 is also connected with cooling water system 33.
The preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control: metallic substance raw material is put into smelting pot 26; vacuum suction is carried out with vacuum pump 14 pairs of smelting furnaces; when normal atmosphere in stove reaches after certain vacuum degree; be filled with the rare gas element of certain pressure, to protect the molten metal in fusion process not oxidized.Vertical one-dimensional running gear 22 is utilized to adjust distance between smelting pot bottom fluid orifice and metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23.With induction melting device or the extremely fusing of resistive heating melting heating unit 25 heated metal material, pressurize with crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device 7 pairs of smelting pots 26, the metallic substance liquid of the molten state in smelting pot 26 is flowed out vertically downward along the fluid orifice bottom smelting pot 26, metallic substance liquation jet is on metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23, metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23 moves according to motion control program prepared in advance, the liquation that jet goes out on metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23 according to the figure rapid solidification of computer programing.Cooling can be forced, to improve speed of cooling with rare gas element forced cooling device 6 pairs of jet saltation point blown inert gas in jet deposition process.The metal material layer that jet has solidified to last layer by jet molten metal in substrate cyclic motion process solidifies, and in the jet deposition process moved in circles, the height of the metal works base solidified constantly raises.Controlling vertical one-dimensional running gear 22 by computer programming makes metallurgical jet deposition substrate 23 constantly decline, and makes the distance of smelting pot 26 fluid orifice and jet deposition point keep substantially constant.In metallurgical jet process, pay-off 27 is utilized constantly in smelting pot, to supplement raw metal, to make up the decline of metal bath surface.By the metallurgical jet deposition process moved in circles, just obtain the metallic substance workpiece of computer substrate motion program prepared in advance.
For there being bending metal works, computer programming can be utilized to control deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism 31 and to carry out verting of certain angle, to ensure that jet molten metal and depositional plane are mutually vertical, thus acquisition curved workpieces, deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism can utilize horizontal plane rotation slide rail 19 to change curved course, thus obtains the warp architecture workpiece of high complexity.
By controlling substrate motion speed and metal liquid stream emitted dose, control solidi fication speed and molten metal laterally can sprawl width, obtaining the metal parts of any complicated shape of composite design required thickness.
Gordian technique:
1. vacuum double body of heater:
Vacuum furnace body involved in the present invention is Double water-cooled structure, to ensure the heat radiation of the superfluous heat that melting is released.Body of heater and fire door are provided with melting interface, viewing window, vacuumometer, gaseous interchange valve, water-cooled tube interface and electrical wire interface.
In order to measure condition of high vacuum degree, be provided with electron vacuum gage for measuring condition of high vacuum degree.Body of heater is provided with the electrical wire interface dish of motion control, electronic temperature measurement, electron vacuum gage.
2. crucible:
Metal Melting crucible involved in the present invention can be different with heating means according to the material of institute's melting, select high purity quartz, high purity graphite, refractory ceramics, steel, titanium alloy, superalloy etc.The erosion resistance that crucible will have hot metal liquation.
Such as, smelting aluminium alloy can use quartz, graphite, pottery as crucible material; Melting Magnesium alloy can use graphite, pottery as crucible material; The refractory metals such as smelting titanium alloy, copper alloy, steel can use graphite, pottery as crucible material.
Crucible bottom opens the aperture of the metal injection solution of certain size or diameter.Crucible top is provided with set collar, is connected with vertical movement mechanism, and is connected with rare gas element pressurizing device.For the crucible requiring continuous feeding melting, offer feedhole on crucible top or side wall upper part.
Crucible adopts the round tube shape structure of one end open, and internal diameter is 5mm ~ 500mm; Wall thickness is 1mm ~ 200mm; Length is 20mm ~ 2000mm.
Crucible jet hole can be circle, ellipse, rectangle or Polygons.Circular and Polygons diameter is 0.1mm ~ 50mm; Rectangle minor face is 0.1mm ~ 20mm, and the long limit of rectangle is 0.1mm ~ 500mm.
Crucible vertical direction travel distance can be 10mm ~ 500mm; Crucible walks up and down velocity range: 0.01mm/s ~ 100mm/s;
Crucible for smelting temperature range: 100 DEG C ~ 2000 DEG C
3. melting heating:
Adopt low frequency, or intermediate frequency, or high-frequency induction heating molten metallic material; Also can adopt electrical resistance method direct heating, be directly connected in crucible by smelting metal material by electrode, utilize the resistance heating of metallic substance self to carry out heat fused metal; Resistance furnace also can be adopted to heat, crucible is positioned in resistance furnace and carries out heat fused metallic substance.
4. metallurgical jet metal deposition substrate:
Deposition substrate be generally there is certain thickness steel, fine copper or copper alloy, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy sheet make; cooling-water duct is offered in substrate inside; pass into water coolant and carry out water-cooled; substrate is made to have the ability of quick heat radiating; and protective substrate is non-fusible, indeformable; also can adopt the material identical or close with deposit metallic material character, also can adopt stupalith.Deposition substrate is hollow structure, and inside is connected with water coolant, and water-cooled tube is connected with the recirculating cooling water system outside smelting furnace.Water-cooled tube due to vacuum furnace body inside is flexible pressure-resistant water pipe, and pumping high vacuum can not make pipe burst.
Deposition substrate can be circular or rectangle, and round diameter is 20mm ~ 2000mm; The long and short limit of rectangle is 20mm ~ 2000mm.
Substrate level two-dimensional motion speed: 0mm/s ~ 1000mm/s; Vertical movement speed: 0mm/s ~ 200mm/s; Horizontal circle week speed of rotation: 0rpm ~ 600rpm; Vertical axial verts speed: 0rpm ~ 200rpm, and vertical axial tilt angle take vertical downward direction as benchmark :-90 ° ~+90 °.
For bending workpiece, needing the substrate that verts, in order to prevent workpiece displacement because of action of gravity in the process of verting, substrate arranging the fixture automatically controlled.After deposition workpiece to comparatively low height, fixture adds clamping of workpieces bottom, thus prevents workpiece movable.
5. thermometric:
Temperature due to metal injection liquation determines the setting rate of metal, and therefore, the measurement of molten metal is for the temperature controlling molten metal, thus it is very important to control metallurgical quality.Can according to different heating way selection temperature sensing means.
Adopt silica tube as the smelting system of crucible, thermometric can be carried out with infrared temperature measurement apparatus to the molten metal in silica tube;
Adopt graphite, pottery as the smelting system of crucible, when heating with induction heating source, due to cannot thermopair be used, thermometric can be carried out with infrared temperature measurement apparatus to spray liquid flow;
Adopt the smelting system in Resistant heating source, thermometric can be carried out with thermopair to the molten metal in crucible;
Thermometric temperature range: room temperature ~ 2500 DEG C.
6. motion control:
In order to obtain the directly rapid prototyping part of required complicated shape, the movement relation between deposition substrate and injection crucible is very crucial.Speed of relative movement and molten metal injection temperature determine setting rate, wall thickness, feature side-wall metallurgical quality etc.In order to the metallurgical quality obtained, accurately must control relative movement behavior, be controlled the speed in each stage on whole movement locus by computer programming.Displacement substrate full accuracy is 0.01mm.
7. vacuum, protection of inert gas, injection compression system:
Before melting, the vacuum cavity of jet deposition equipment is vacuumized, final vacuum: 0.1Pa ~ 10
-5pa, is filled with the rare gas element such as high-purity argon gas, helium, gaseous tension before melting: 0.001Pa ~ 1 normal atmosphere.Spraying pressure: 0.01Pa ~ 10 normal atmosphere.
8. power supply:
For inducing melting, power acquisition intermediate frequency, power frequency supply; Resistance furnace, globars add hot smelting, power acquisition thyristor supply.Power is at 0.1 ~ 1000KW.
Embodiment one: metallurgical jet rapid solidification manufactures Ti metal and alloy three-dimensional metal works thereof
Adopt pure Ti or design mix be TA series, the serial and TC series alloy of TB as raw material, be placed in smelting pot.To smelting furnace pumping high vacuum to about 1 × 10
-3pa, is filled with 0.01 ~ 0.5 atmospheric high-purity argon gas.Utilize induction melting device by the mother alloy heat fused in crucible, smelting temperature is about 1450 ° of C ~ 1550 ° C, by rare gas element pressurizing device by alloy molten solution jet on substrate.Deposition substrate is according to graphic package iterative motion prepared in advance, and the alloy molten solution that jet goes out is the tubular member needing spatial form according to figure solidification forming.This alloy tool can be used for the purposes such as medical embedded material, aerospace component.
Embodiment two: metallurgical jet rapid solidification manufactures TiNi shape memory alloy three-dimensional metal pieces
Employing design mix is Ti(49-51%)-Ni(49-51%) the shape memory alloy mother alloy of (atomic percent) as raw material, be placed in smelting pot.To smelting furnace pumping high vacuum to about 1 × 10
-3pa, is filled with 0.01 ~ 0.5 atmospheric high-purity argon gas.Utilize induction melting device by the mother alloy heat fused in crucible, smelting temperature is about 1450 ° of C ~ 1550 ° C, by rare gas element pressurizing device by alloy molten solution jet on substrate.Deposition substrate is according to graphic package iterative motion prepared in advance, and the alloy molten solution that jet goes out is the part needing spatial form according to figure solidification forming.This alloy tool can be used for aviation, naval vessel, oil pipe line jointing etc.
Embodiment three: metallurgical jet rapid solidification manufactures Al alloy three-dimensional metal works
Adopt aluminium alloy as mother alloy raw material, be placed in smelting pot.To smelting furnace pumping high vacuum to about 1 × 10
-3pa, is filled with 0.01 ~ 0.5 atmospheric high-purity argon gas.Utilize induction melting device by the mother alloy heat fused in crucible, smelting temperature is about 680 ° of C ~ 750 ° C, by rare gas element pressurizing device by alloy molten solution jet on substrate.Deposition substrate is according to graphic package iterative motion prepared in advance, and the alloy molten solution that jet goes out is the part needing spatial form according to figure solidification forming.This alloy tool can be used for the various stress members of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Embodiment four: metallurgical jet rapid solidification manufactures superalloy three-dimensional metal pieces
Adopt Ni based high-temperature alloy as mother alloy raw material, be placed in smelting pot.To smelting furnace pumping high vacuum to about 1 × 10
-3pa, is filled with 0.01 ~ 0.5 atmospheric high-purity argon gas.Utilize induction melting device by the mother alloy heat fused in crucible, smelting temperature is about 1550 ° of C ~ 1750 ° C, by rare gas element pressurizing device by alloy molten solution jet on substrate.Deposition substrate is according to graphic package iterative motion prepared in advance, and the alloy molten solution that jet goes out is the part needing spatial form according to figure solidification forming.This alloy tool can be used for the various stress members of Aeronautics and Astronautics engine.
Claims (8)
1. the equipment of the metallurgical jet direct forming of multi-degree of freedom numerical control, it is characterized in that: comprise body of heater pedestal, vacuum double body of heater, vacuumometer, rare gas element forced cooling device, crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device, body of heater viewing window, rare gas element intake valve, air interchange valve, deposition substrate motion controller, numerical control programming computer, vacuum pump, melting power supply, rare gas element bottle, running gear support, horizontally rotate pedestal, horizontal plane rotation slide rail, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism, vertical one-dimensional running gear, metallurgical jet deposition substrate, bending deposition workpiece tilting vice, melting heating unit, smelting pot, feed mechanism, temperature thermocouple, infrared temperature measurement apparatus, deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism, substrate recirculated cooling water pipeline and cooling water system, vacuum double body of heater is fixed on body of heater pedestal, vacuumometer, rare gas element forced cooling device is fixed on vacuum double body of heater, body of heater viewing window, rare gas element intake valve, air interchange valve is arranged on the furnace wall of vacuum double body of heater, vacuum pump vacuumizes vacuum double body of heater, running gear support, horizontally rotate pedestal, horizontal plane rotation slide rail, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism, vertical one-dimensional running gear, metallurgical jet deposition substrate, bending deposition workpiece tilting vice, melting heating unit, smelting pot, feed mechanism, temperature thermocouple, infrared temperature measurement apparatus and deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism are all in vacuum double body of heater, crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device pass vacuum double body of heater and are connected with smelting pot, rare gas element bottle and rare gas element forced cooling device and crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device are connected, smelting pot is in the top of metallurgical jet deposition substrate, metallurgical jet deposition substrate is provided with bending deposition workpiece tilting vice, deposition substrate inclining rotary mechanism and vertical one-dimensional running gear are fixed on the lower end of metallurgical jet deposition substrate, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism is fixed on the lower end of vertical one-dimensional running gear, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism is fixed on horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism, running gear support is fixed on the inwall of vacuum double body of heater, horizontally rotate pedestal be hollow structure and be fixed on running gear support, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism is fixed on by horizontal plane rotation slide rail and horizontally rotates on pedestal, deposition substrate motion controller and running gear support, horizontally rotate pedestal, horizontal plane rotation slide rail, horizontal two-dimension transverse motion mechanism, horizontal two-dimension longitudinal motion mechanism, vertical one-dimensional running gear, metallurgical jet deposition substrate connects, numerical control programming computer is connected with deposition substrate motion controller, melting power supply is connected with melting heating unit, melting heating unit is fixed on outside smelting pot, feed mechanism is arranged on the upper end of smelting pot, temperature thermocouple is inserted in smelting pot, infrared temperature measurement apparatus is arranged on the top of metallurgical jet deposition substrate, the bottom of smelting pot has fluid orifice, metallurgical jet deposition substrate is connected with cooling water system by substrate recirculated cooling water pipeline, vacuum double body of heater is also connected with cooling water system.
2. the equipment of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vacuum double body of heater is provided with fire door, fire door is provided with fire door body of heater viewing window.
3. the equipment of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in metallurgical jet deposition substrate, be provided with cooling-water duct, and deposition substrate is circular or rectangle, and round diameter is 20mm ~ 2000mm; The long and short limit of rectangle is 20mm ~ 2000mm.
4. the equipment of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described smelting pot adopts the round tube shape structure of one end open, and internal diameter is 5mm ~ 500mm; Wall thickness is 1mm ~ 200mm; Length is 20mm ~ 2000mm.
5. a preparation method for the metallurgical jet direct forming of multi-degree of freedom numerical control, is characterized in that: metallic substance raw material is put into smelting pot, carries out vacuum suction with vacuum pump to vacuum double body of heater, when normal atmosphere in stove reaches capacity vacuum tightness: 0.1Pa ~ 10
-5after Pa, insufflation gas pressure: the atmospheric rare gas element in 0.001Pa ~ 1, to protect the molten metal in fusion process not oxidized, utilize the distance between vertical one-dimensional running gear adjustment smelting pot bottom fluid orifice and deposition substrate, melting heating devices heat metallic substance is to fusing, with crucible lifting and jet rare gas element pressurizing device, smelting pot is pressurizeed, the metallic substance liquid of the molten state in smelting pot is flowed out vertically downward along the fluid orifice bottom smelting pot, metallic substance liquation jet is on metallurgical jet deposition substrate, metallurgical jet deposition substrate moves according to motion control program prepared in advance, the liquation that jet goes out in deposition substrate according to the figure rapid solidification of computer programing, the metal material layer that jet has solidified to last layer by jet molten metal in substrate cyclic motion process solidifies, in the jet deposition process moved in circles, the height of the metal works base solidified constantly raises, controlling vertical one-dimensional running gear by computer programming makes metallurgical jet deposition substrate constantly decline, the distance of smelting pot fluid orifice and jet deposition point is remained unchanged, in metallurgical jet process, pay-off is utilized constantly in smelting pot, to supplement raw metal, to make up the decline of metal bath surface, by the metallurgical jet deposition process moved in circles, just obtain the metallic substance workpiece of computer substrate motion program prepared in advance.
6. the preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: with induction melting device or resistive heating melting heating unit.
7. the preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the fluid orifice of described smelting pot is circular, ellipse, rectangle or Polygons; Circular and Polygons diameter is 0.1mm ~ 50mm; Rectangle minor face is 0.1mm ~ 20mm, and the long limit of rectangle is 0.1mm ~ 500mm.
8. the preparation method of the metallurgical jet direct forming of a kind of multi-degree of freedom numerical control as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described rare gas element is argon gas or helium, spraying pressure: 0.01Pa ~ 10 normal atmosphere.
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| DE3571466D1 (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1989-08-17 | Mannesmann Ag | Process and device for producing a metallic block |
| JPS62130760A (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-06-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Production of metallic articles |
| DE3916115A1 (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Mannesmann Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ROTATIONALLY SYMMETRIC BODIES |
| CN1490103A (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-21 | 天津理工学院 | Internal water cooling style jet shaping collector |
| CN100584988C (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2010-01-27 | 沈阳航空工业学院 | Method and equipment for planar reciprocating motion for spraying to deposit multilayer composite material |
| CN100503091C (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-06-24 | 天津大学 | Uniform liquid drop injecting three-dimensional fast shaping method and apparatus thereof |
| CN201565606U (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2010-09-01 | 东风汽车公司 | Precise spraying forming sediment disc dragging device |
| CN103056367B (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2015-07-29 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method based on pulse small hole liquid drop injecting three-dimensional fast shaping and device |
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