CN102550344A - Method for covering mechanically sown spring cotton with wide films - Google Patents
Method for covering mechanically sown spring cotton with wide films Download PDFInfo
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- CN102550344A CN102550344A CN201110431262XA CN201110431262A CN102550344A CN 102550344 A CN102550344 A CN 102550344A CN 201110431262X A CN201110431262X A CN 201110431262XA CN 201110431262 A CN201110431262 A CN 201110431262A CN 102550344 A CN102550344 A CN 102550344A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for covering mechanically sown spring cotton with wide films. The method is characterized in that: an 18-horsepower tractor drives a widened multifunctional seeder special for cotton, the width of the covered small row is 70 cm and is 20 to 25 cm wider than that of the traditional small row; the width of the films is 125cm; the width of the exposed large row is 90cm; and the width of an illuminated face of a mulching film after seeding is 100cm, and is 30cm wider than the traditional coverage. The invention has the advantages that: 1, due to the widened film mulched row, the illuminated face of the mulching film is enlarged, a temperature rise value for soil with the depth of 5cm is 2.5-6.1 DEG C and is 0.2 to 0.5 DEG C higher than that for narrow film coverage from cotton sowing to late June; 2, cotton seedlings come out regularly, and diseases are reduced in a seedling stage; 3, the cotton is developed earlier, the seedling stage of the cotton is shortened by 1 to 2 days than that of the narrow film coverage, a flowering stage is June 25-27 in advance, flowering and boll setting stages are prolonged, and the method has significance for flowering more, setting more bolls and increasing weight of the bolls in effective stages; and 4, the yield of the cotton is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses the method that cotton wide film of a kind of machine sowing spring covers.
Background technology
The traditional machine sowing mode of cotton grower is with little line width 45cm-50cm at present, and with film width 95cm, the line-spacing of the big row of open country is generally about 80cm.Shortcoming is can not improve ground temperature effectively, fall seedling diseases, promote early to send out, strengthen strong sprout later stage cotton field light transmission to realize stable yields.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide cotton wide film of machine sowing spring and cover the raising the output pattern.Solution of the present invention is; It is characterized in that this method is to use 18 horsepowers of tractors to drive flared crossing multi-functional cotton special seeder, cover little line width 70cm, widened 20cm-25cm than the little row of tradition; With film width 125cm; The big line width 90cm of open country broadcasts back mulch film sensitive surface width 100cm, has increased 30cm than traditional cover degree.
Farming production measure and management:
One, the preparation before the sowing: the time is from early or mid March---mid-April.
(1) uses sufficient base fertilizer.Execute 50 centimeters of lotus flower fertilizers for every mu, 5 kilograms in urea, 15 kilograms of phosphoric acid diamines, 20 kilograms of potassium sulphates, 1.0 kilograms in zinc sulphate, 1.0 kilograms of boraxs.
(2) plough the cotton field.Fertilizer spilt to execute in time plough the cotton field after even, plough the degree of depth with about 25 centimeters.
(3) make moisture in the soil wholely.Moisture in the soil was made in the distance sowing in 10-15 days, mu total water amount 50-60 cubic meter.
(4) rake drag soil moisture conservation.Make several days after the moisture in the soil, make an accurate selection of the rake drag soil moisture conservation in time of suitable rake phase.Require the combination of rake drag, the thin drag of rake is flat, no light and shade clod, reach Horizon, moisture in the soil good, last warm and sunny down in fact.
(5) spraying herbicide.Cotton per acre sand barren soil "farming was hoe" 130-150 ml, slightly sticky soil of cotton per acre with 170-190 ml, 30-35 kg spray watered ground.
(6) in time mix soil.Mix native degree of depth 2-4 centimetre, soil is mixed on spray herbicide limit, limit, prevents that blanking time is long, and weed killer herbicide generation photolysis reduces pesticide supplying effect.
Two, sowing :-25 days on the 20th time from April
(1) line-spacing: adopt big or small line-spacing plantation, double row sowing.90 centimeters of big line width, 70 centimeters of little line width, the little row of plastic mulching.
(2) density: 3200 every mu, 26 centimeters of spacing in the rows.
(3) amount of sowing: every mu with 1.5 kilograms of dressing light seeds.Adopt mechanical bar broadcast mode, guaranteeing on average has seed 17-19 grain in every meter row, makes the every mu of actual amount of sowing guarantee to reach 2.7-2.9 jin, and remaining seed kind is at the edge of a field or do preliminary seedling in the ranks.
(4) seed manure: combine sowing to apply seed manure, every mu with 10 kilograms of composite fertilizers (N15, P15, K15), leave sowing row 10-12 centimetre, are manured into soil below 8 centimeters, and blinding is buried.
(5) sowing depth: sowing depth is advisable with the 2.0-2.5 centimetre, in conjunction with ditch, sow, fertilising, earthing, suppression, the disposable completion of overlay film.
Three, seedling management: the time is from by the end of April to early June.
(1) seedling is put in punching.Two cotyledons under film, turn green open and flat after, a little less than light wind hour promptly punching put seedling, every cave is put seedling 1-2.
(2) early looking into seedling fills the gaps with seedlings.The dried seed that falls the individually water of will aside spreading and sinking in is mended moisture in the soil and is built mulch film, and short its is unearthed as early as possible.The place of no seed, mashed seed will be transplanted preliminary seedling as early as possible.Guarantee that the full stand rate reaches more than 95%.
(3) early intertillage is loosened the soil.Can loosen the soil in big row intertillage in after planting 4-5 days, width is as the criterion not damage mulch film, and degree of depth 8-10 centimetre plays the effect of the diffusing moisture in the soil of temperature raising, minimizing seedling diseases, short seedling growth.(rain back except) carried out once about 10 days backward, will increase the intertillage number of times that loosens the soil but run into rainfall.
(4) preventing disease pest control.Combination control cotton thrips sprinkling Bao Zhida and day Feng Su are once before and after a slice true leaf.Spend 7-8 days and spray 1 rich 481 mixed solution in S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate Hesuo, guarantee the anosis growth of cotton seedling.
(5) final singling early.Surely intact seedling between 2-3 sheet leaf period removes sick seedling, weak seedling, assorted, keeps a strong sprout (attention stays spacing to leave uniformity).
Four, flower bud period management.Time from early June is to late June
(1) in time repaiies cotton.When first fruit branch occurs, just can carry out repairing the first time cotton, (except the limit row and the place that is short of seedling) all removes the following vegetative shoot of fruit branch.
(2) rationalize control.Cottonization control number of times to prosperous length is no less than twice, and the first time, during the phase, every mu of usefulness 97% mepiquat chloride 0.25-0.5 gram was converted 20 kilograms in water first flower bud, and emphasis sprays the cotton plant top.(refer to prosperous long cotton field) when second timeization control occurs about 5-6 fruit branch, every mu of usefulness 97% mepiquat chloride 1.0-1.5 gram is converted 25 kilograms in water, and emphasis sprays the cotton plant trunk diameter growth point and fruit branch limit, the bottom heart.For make cotton plant neat, good-looking, be convenient to field management, changing control the 1-2 time should carry out with manual work, sprays the not prosperous strong strain of prosperous strain in principle, high of spray or not short.
(3) in time control worm.According to index for control: prevent and treat when aphid damage leaf roll strain rate reaches 10-20%; Second-generation cotton bollworm is not generally done special control; But the heavy time takes place must special control, has and will prevent and treat when three ages, following larva reached 20 when hundred strains have ovum to reach 300 or hundred strains; Mirid pentatomid harm strain rate reaches when 3% or hundred strain worms amount reaches 2-3 and can prevent and treat; The control two spotted spider mite will be at the blade Huang of being injured, prevent and treat when the hickie diseased plant rate reaches 20-25%, but local control's (forbidding pyrethrin pesticide).
(4) control disease.The flower bud phase mainly is the control fusarium wilt, and verticillium wilt is taken second place.Their early stage sprays cotton plant with 65% mancozeb or 50% Tuzet 600-700 times of liquid; Except that spraying cotton, also should combine 250 milliliters of every diseased plant root perfusion solutions with 300 times of liquid irrigating roots of 5% octicin solution (aqua) to the cotton plant of having fallen ill; Carried out once in 8-10 days, and got final product for 2-3 time.
(5) intertillage loosen the soil, rupture of membranes ridging.Open country is capable, and the intertillage pine soil depth of early June should reach the 10-12 centimetre on the intertillage basis of loosening the soil before, and little row is begun to combine to abolish mulch film in mid-June carries out gradation ridging (running into damage caused by a drought interlacing subsequently at that time waters), finishes to ridging by the end of June.Gradually reduce backward and intertill the number of times that loosens the soil, reduce the intertillage pine soil depth gradually.
(6) drought resisting of watering.Regular meeting's arid is short of rain before and after mid-June, when 0-30 centimetre soil moisture in layer be lower than maxmun field capacity 55% the time, must water, take interlacing to water the way of little water, about 30 cubic metres of every mu of waters.This waters bigger to yield effect.
Five, the management of flowering and boll-setting period: time from late June is to by the end of August
(1) heavy dressing flower bell is fertile.Flowering and boll-setting period will be main with nitrogenous fertilizer, and every mu with 15 kilograms of urea fertilizers, 10 kilograms of potassium sulphates, and interlacing applies in the soil layer of about 10 centimeters of interlines blinding and buries.The general grasp just spending the stage to impose Hua Lingfei, if growing way was too strong at that time, imposes when then postponing till existing 1-2 the skellat in cotton plant bottom.
(2) benefit is executed caping fertilizer.Boll per plant is more, and the cotton variety that colony's growing way is general should impose caping fertilizer in 25-30 day in July, and every mu with about 5 kilograms of urea fertilizers.If boll per plant is less, but the stronger kind of growing way can no longer impose caping fertilizer.
(3) spray foliage fertilizer.Since early August the cotton field spray foliage fertilizer, first pass will spray " high contents of calcium and magnesium " or photosynthetic little fertilizer.Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate second time, spray bud treasured, green wind 95 etc. the 3rd time.Be main with the spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate backward.The more cotton variety of knot bell also should spray 2.0% urea liquid.
(4) rationalize control.Respectively with 97% mepiquat chloride control, every mu of consumption 2.0-2.5 gram restrains with 2.5-3.0, converts water 30-40 kilogram to the vigorous cotton of growing way for initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage.Pinch and carried out last chemical control in heart 8-10 days, every mu of usefulness 97% mepiquat chloride 4.0-4.5 gram is converted 45 kilograms of emphasis of water and is sprayed the peripheral crowd's point of cotton plant.
(5) pinch in good time.It is fixed that the time of pinching will come according to growing way at that time, follow that flat-top is little beats principle in the right season.Time has generally been beaten the top heart at beginning on July 18 to 20 end of day.Requirement takes to destroy leaf mode wholeheartedly, is strictly on guard against Da Dading.
(6) control worm.Two spotted spider mite has its local characteristics that take place, and should take to root out worm source, control spot film, finds one and controls a circle, finds that the circle of a bit controlling a slice controls mode, not only the saving of labor, but also economize medicine, remarkably productive (must guard against the use pyrethrin pesticide); The volt aphid is faster than the breeding of seedling aphid, harm is heavy, difficulty of prevention and cure is big, will strengthen the soup consumption during control, and emphasis sprays vacuum side of blade, accomplishes thoroughly, totally, do not stay residual worm; More will pay attention to the control of three generations cotton bollworm this moment, this stage, excessive rainfall had the factor that reduces BT protein content in the cotton plant body, thereby reduces pest-resistant vigor on the occasion of rainy season, should catch egg production peak time assault medication, accomplished that as far as possible controlling ovum loses worm; The fleahopper silk worm has serious all the more trend in recent years, has become one of heavier insect of underproduction loss, will utilize the time pesticide supplying effect of morning or dusk fleahopper silk worm movable wildness in the cotton field outstanding during control.The nymph control is produced effects bigger.
More than the index for control of several kinds of insects be: cotton aphid reaches 5-7% with leaf roll strain rate; Three generations's cotton boll reaches the 80-120 grain with hundred strain ovum amounts or hundred strain larvas reach 15, four generations of cotton bollworm hundred strain larva 8-10 heads; Two spotted spider mite endangers the yellowish-white spot strain of cotton leaf rate and reaches 20-25%; The fleahopper silk worm endangers the strain rate before pinching in cotton and reaches 3% or hundred strain worms amount and reach the 2-3 head, when killed strain rate reaches 5% or hundred strain worms amount and reaches 5 after pinching, and must control.The knot of blooming is controlled the worm number of times during the bell and generally is no less than 7 times.
(7) prevent and treat disease.Since 8 months, dislike mould clever 2800 times of liquid spraying with 95% the first tenday period of a month, 8-10 days are once, connect to spray 2-3 time, obvious to control all kinds of leaf diseases of later stage, bell disease effect.The strain of just falling ill is sprayed 50% Tuzet or 65% zineb to add the sick development impacts of mixed atomizing control such as day Feng Su obvious to yellow, fusarium wilt.Will take the way of spraying and combining to grave illness, irritate root with 500 times of liquid of 40% dimethachlon or 500 times of liquid of potassium permanganate pulvis, every pours into 300 milliliters, and 7-8 days once, can reply for 2-3 time.
(8) drought resisting water drainage.There is noon a small amount of blade to wilt, will interlacing do not water the every mu of 30-40 cubic meter that waters when having rain in the recent period.In drought resisting, also to consider prevention waterlogging, get through drainage ditch, remove the resistance ridge, field, get drainage equipment ready, accomplish that heavy rain does not have ponding in the field later.
(9) rogueing.Impurity elimination is key one pass that guarantees varietal purity, should search assorted line by line in early August, and not disease-resistant, not pest-resistant, plant type, blade profile, the distinguished different strain of bell type are pulled out to take out of outside the field and focused on.
(11) in time repair cotton, hair ear, superfluous bud are in time removed, reduce nutrient consumption as far as possible.
Six, term of opening bolls management: the time is from by the end of August to early November
(1) spray leaf fertilizer.For making cotton boll fully ripe, increase the heavy and ginning outturn of bell, must adhere to spraying foliage fertilizer, at the beginning of the time can continue until 9 months.
(2) repair cotton training.To maturation cotton field a little later, should before September 5, remove invalid flower, and the bud of will going to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married, empty branch and bottom Huang leaf are destroyed.
(3) early pluck mashed bell.Be to reduce its spread in china of the mashed bell germ in field, improve seed flower quality, should be early reach scab bell more than 40 days to age in days and pluck take-up and go out to shell solarization outside the field, when commodity cotton is handled.
(4) late cotton is accelerated the ripening.Late-maturing cotton field October 3 left and right sides medication accelerate the ripening, every mu of usefulness 40% ethrel 0.3-0.35 jin is converted water 40-50 kilogram even spraying.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, one, overlay film capable widening increase mulch film sensitive surface, to mid or late June, 5cm soil temperature raising value reaches 2.5 ℃-6.1 ℃ from sowing cotton seed, and it is high 0.2 ℃-0.5 ℃ to cover the value of heating than narrow film; Two, cotton emerges neatly, and sprout term disease reduces; Three, cotton development ahead of time, cotton in seedling stage covers than narrow film and shortens 1-2 days, having prolonged bloom knot bell phase ahead of time to 25-27 day in June flowering stage, in duration of response, blooming more, tie more bell, increasing bell meaning is greatly heavily arranged; Four, improved output of cotton.
Embodiment
Use 18 horsepowers of tractors to drive flared crossing multi-functional cotton special seeder, cover little line width 70cm, widened 20cm-25cm than the little row of tradition; With film width 125cm; The big line width 90cm of open country broadcasts back mulch film sensitive surface width 100cm, has increased 30cm than traditional cover degree.
Embodiment recited above describes preferred implementation of the present invention; Be not that design of the present invention and scope are limited; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from design concept of the present invention, common engineers and technicians make technical scheme of the present invention in this area various modification and improvement all should fall into protection scope of the present invention; The technology contents that the present invention asks for protection all is documented in claims.
Claims (1)
1. the method that covers of cotton wide film of machine sowing spring; It is characterized in that this method is to use 18 horsepowers of tractors to drive flared crossing multi-functional cotton special seeder, cover little line width 70cm, widened 20cm-25cm than the little row of tradition; With film width 125cm; The big line width 90cm of open country broadcasts back mulch film sensitive surface width 100cm, has increased 30cm than traditional cover degree.
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| CN201110431262XA CN102550344A (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2011-12-21 | Method for covering mechanically sown spring cotton with wide films |
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| CN201110431262XA CN102550344A (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2011-12-21 | Method for covering mechanically sown spring cotton with wide films |
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| CN102550344A true CN102550344A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104041226A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-09-17 | 李馨 | Cotton sowing method |
| CN108707009A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-10-26 | 龙之玉（天津）科技有限公司 | A kind of magnesium eats the preparation method of agricultural product and its implantation methods and magnesium food agricultural product dedicated fertilizer |
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| CN2471069Y (en) * | 2001-04-13 | 2002-01-16 | 石河子一四七团修造厂 | Dibber of seeder |
| CN101692767A (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2010-04-14 | 高龙林 | Method for culturing cotton with high yield |
| CN102239782A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-11-16 | 澧县农业科学研究所 | Method for inter-planting cotton with fresh sweet-waxy corn |
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2011
- 2011-12-21 CN CN201110431262XA patent/CN102550344A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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| CN2471069Y (en) * | 2001-04-13 | 2002-01-16 | 石河子一四七团修造厂 | Dibber of seeder |
| CN101692767A (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2010-04-14 | 高龙林 | Method for culturing cotton with high yield |
| CN102239782A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-11-16 | 澧县农业科学研究所 | Method for inter-planting cotton with fresh sweet-waxy corn |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104041226A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-09-17 | 李馨 | Cotton sowing method |
| CN108707009A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-10-26 | 龙之玉（天津）科技有限公司 | A kind of magnesium eats the preparation method of agricultural product and its implantation methods and magnesium food agricultural product dedicated fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20120711 |